810:
816:
798:
804:
289:. Wolde Giyorgis recommended the sons of Habte-Wold to the Emperor, who promoted them through the ranks so that the two eldest, Makonnen and Aklilu, became particularly influential with the monarch. Their humble origins, and the fact that they owed their education and advancement solely to the Emperor, allowed Emperor Haile Selassie to trust them implicitly and to favor them and other commoners of humble origin in government appointments and high positions at the expense of the aristocracy, whose loyalty to his person, rather than to the institution of
822:
435:, who did not share his views on foreign policy. For Minassie, it was sufficient to go to His Majesty to obtain a compliant authorization of an opposite line of action. A case in point ... was whether or not the Emperor should make an urgent visit to Riyadh to consult with King Faisal. Ill-advisedly, Aklilou accepted a show-down in front of His Majesty. Aklilou lost. Without a constituency, with only a vacillating monarch to turn to, Aklilou expressed to me his concern for the future.
987:
963:
344:
46:
975:
465:, son of the late former prime minister, was appointed. The new Premier attempted to address the many demands being put forward by the proponents of reform, and Ethiopia seemed to be on the verge of transforming itself into a democracy and a modern constitutional monarchy. However, a committee of low ranking officers called the
406:
that Aklilu's ability was limited due, to the favoritism
Emperor Haile Selassie showed him, which led to resentment and isolation from his compatriots. "In that isolation his power and stature declined in direct ratio to that of His Majesty," Spencer notes, concluding that with his brother Makonnen's death in the
405:
Asrate's opinion that "Aklilu was the primary reactionary influence on the
Emperor." On the other hand, John Spencer, who knew Aklilu personally, described him as "a remarkably clear and logical thinker and a formidable antagonist in encounters with foreign representatives." Spencer further explains
460:
The Crown
Council had pushed the Emperor to appoint a nobleman to the position, and initially Lt. General Abiye Abebe was favored to be named the new prime minister. However and when General Abiye's request that he be made responsible to the elected parliament rather than the Emperor was presented,
374:
This appointment, and the following increase of commoner "technocrats" in positions of power and influence greatly disturbed the more conservative elements in the
Imperial Family, the aristocracy, and the Ethiopian Church. Two camps evolved at court, with Prime Minister Aklilu and his fellow
473:
Aklilu and most of the men who had served in his cabinet, as well as the new prime minister and his cabinet. The Derg deposed
Emperor Haile Selassie on 12 September 1974 and assumed power as the Marxist military junta that would rule the country for almost two decades.
453:. Both criticized him for abandoning the government without first having safeguarded authority, law and order in this situation. Nevertheless, Aklilu persisted in his decision, although he recommended Lt. General Abiye be his successor; however when he resigned it was
396:
were blocked largely because of this rivalry. On the other hand, Bahru Zewde is of the opinion that "Aklilu's impact on
Ethiopian politics is not so easily identifiable. He lacked the capacity for political manipulation shown by his predecessor as
422:
erupted in 1973 into a popular uprising against the government, calls went out for Prime
Minister Aklilu to be dismissed. On 23 February, then the next day, the Emperor made a number of concessions to the various groups of protesters.
489:
of the
Emperor's government. This act led to protests around the world, not only from Europe and the United States, but also from a number of African countries who expressed their concern for the well-being of the deposed Emperor.
401:, Walda-Giyorgis, and his own brother, Makonnen. Aklilu was more of a leading functionary than a power-broker." Former diplomat Paul B. Henze supports this view that Aklilu was not interested in reform, but repeats Aklilu's rival
1037:
293:
he suspected. The
Emperor's preference for such men as Aklilu Habte-Wold over the high nobles created resentment among the aristocracy, who believed they were being displaced by these new western educated "technocrats".
426:
Meanwhile, Aklilu had grown frustrated and weary of holding a position with much responsibility but no authority. John
Spencer offers one example, only a few months prior to this crisis, of Aklilu's loss of power:
318:
and married a French woman, Collette Valade. With the fall of Paris in June 1940, Aklilu managed to escape on a forged passport, and with the help of the Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs he was able to reach
203:
259:
720:
457:
who became the new prime minister. Aklilu's resignation, instead of placating the protesters, this resignation only emboldened them to make further demands.
388:. Although the Emperor forbade party politics, the two rival camps behaved as such, and maneuvered against each other rather vigorously. Many issues such as
305:
255:
1062:
561:
809:
375:
non-noble "technocrats" on one side, who dominated the various ministries and the Imperial Cabinet, against the nobility who were represented by the
285:, another man of humble birth, who had become a powerful figure in Ethiopian government, and a close advisor to the Emperor, with his appointment as
600:, second edition (London: James Currey, 2003), states that Wolde Giyorgis' fall was due to the efforts of Aklilu's older brother, Makonnen (p. 205).
757:
432:
815:
556:
1057:
850:
371:
in his portfolio. These two posts gave Aklilu a level of confidence with the Emperor that no one outside of the Imperial Family shared.
1032:
713:
1017:
729:
301:, Aklilu Habte-Wold was in France with his brother Makonnen; upon the defection of the head of the Ethiopian legation to France,
1027:
821:
328:
797:
1022:
706:
880:
698:
431:
In foreign affairs where, for decades, his views were uncontested, he was now confronted by Minister of Foreign Affairs
1047:
1052:
439:
By the time of the popular uprising, Aklilu Habte-Wold had resolved to resign, a decision opposed by Lt. General
323:. Following the restoration in 1941, Aklilu served as a representative to the Peace conference after the end of
803:
282:
1042:
407:
298:
953:
227:
219:
60:
481:
Aklilu Habte-Wold, and his brother Akalework Habte-Wold were removed from Menelik Palace and taken to
393:
376:
860:
172:
389:
367:, the Emperor promoted Aklilu Habte-Wold to that office, while retaining the powerful office of
747:
410:, he lost a vital window into the psychological reactions and secret movements of his peers.
1012:
1007:
915:
782:
762:
482:
462:
454:
105:
728:
8:
772:
385:
364:
310:
290:
509:
The New Africans: A Guide to the Contemporary History of Emergent Africa and Its Leaders
243:
979:
737:
223:
211:
141:
991:
967:
507:
419:
331:. During this time, Aklilu played a key role in the complex process that brought
247:
133:
1038:
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
418:
When student protests, military mutinies and an economic downturn caused by the
752:
461:
the Council balked and the General asked to be dropped from consideration. Lij
263:
137:
81:
20:
218:; 12 March 1912 β 23 November 1974) was an Ethiopian politician under Emperor
1001:
870:
469:, who had been empowered to investigate corruption in the military, arrested
910:
890:
865:
767:
450:
360:
324:
93:
787:
446:
440:
381:
158:
986:
920:
355:
Wolde Giyorgis in 1958, the Emperor appointed Aklilu to replace him as
271:
187:
28:
24:
730:
Chief ministers (1909β1943) / Prime ministers of Ethiopia (since 1943)
546:, translated by Harold Marcus (Chicago: Frontline, 1999), vol. 2 p. 47
277:
Upon returning to Ethiopia, Aklilu became the protΓ©gΓ© of the powerful
486:
343:
900:
332:
585:
Ethiopia at Bay: A personal account of the Haile Selassie years
359:. In April 1961, four months after the previous prime minister
266:, who had them educated. Aklilu Habte-Wold attended the French
45:
320:
315:
251:
830:
466:
231:
162:
557:"Portrait of the mystery lady: Madame Colette Habtewold"
951:
831:
Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia
999:
587:(Algonac: Reference Publications, 1984), p. 80
549:
714:
659:
657:
16:Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1961 to 1974
1063:People executed by Ethiopia by firing squad
27:, and the person should be referred by the
721:
707:
654:
242:Aklilu Habte-Wold was the son of a rural
851:People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
625:(New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 176 n. 91
485:where they were summarily executed with
342:
262:benefited from the patronage of Emperor
901:Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1000:
505:
702:
623:Layers of Time, A History of Ethiopia
499:
274:, then afterwards studied in France.
73:17 April 1961 β 1 March 1974
881:Transitional Government of Ethiopia
533:(Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 82
13:
1058:20th-century Ethiopian politicians
413:
297:When Ethiopia was defeated in the
226:of Ethiopia from 1947 to 1958 and
14:
1074:
667:(New York: Africana, 1978), p. 30
351:Following the fall from favor of
230:from 1961 until his death by the
192:Paris-Sorbonne University (L.L.B)
1033:Government ministers of Ethiopia
985:
973:
961:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
44:
683:
670:
641:
544:My Life and Ethiopia's Progress
477:On the evening of 23 November,
338:
335:into federation with Ethiopia.
1018:World War II political leaders
665:Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution
628:
615:
603:
590:
577:
536:
531:Pioneers of Change in Ethiopia
523:
347:Aklilu during his Premiership
1:
1028:Foreign ministers of Ethiopia
283:Wolde Giyorgis Wolde Yohannes
598:A History of Modern Ethiopia
7:
1023:Prime ministers of Ethiopia
408:1960 Ethiopian coup attempt
299:Second Italo-Abyssinian War
23:, the name Habte-Wold is a
10:
1079:
663:Marina and David Ottaway,
61:Prime Minister of Ethiopia
18:
1048:Executed Ethiopian people
929:
899:
879:
849:
829:
794:
736:
215:
196:
186:
178:
168:
147:
120:
115:
111:
99:
87:
77:
66:
59:
55:
43:
36:
1053:Executed prime ministers
612:, second edition, p. 205
493:
281:("Minister of the Pen")
254:. He and his brothers,
237:
348:
157:Akaki Central Prison,
487:60 other ex-officials
394:constitutional change
363:had been killed in a
346:
691:Empire in Revolution
483:Akaki Central Prison
463:Endelkachew Makonnen
455:Endelkachew Makonnen
260:Akalework Habte-Wold
106:Endelkachew Makonnen
506:Taylor, S. (1967).
386:Asrate Medhin Kassa
306:Wolde Mariyam Ayele
256:Makonnen Habte-Wold
234:execution in 1974.
1043:Ethiopian nobility
349:
314:. Aklilu lived in
308:, Aklilu was made
244:Ethiopian Orthodox
163:Socialist Ethiopia
949:
948:
562:Ethiopia Observer
327:, then served as
208:Aklilu Habte-Wold
200:
199:
38:Aklilu Habte-Wold
1070:
990:
989:
978:
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976:
966:
965:
964:
957:
941:
935:
824:
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812:
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738:Ethiopian Empire
723:
716:
709:
700:
699:
694:
687:
681:
674:
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661:
652:
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639:
632:
626:
619:
613:
607:
601:
594:
588:
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
553:
547:
542:Haile Selassie,
540:
534:
527:
521:
520:
518:
517:
503:
329:Foreign Minister
311:charge d'affairs
246:priest from the
224:foreign minister
217:
154:
151:23 November 1974
142:Ethiopian Empire
130:
128:
116:Personal details
102:
90:
82:Haile Selassie I
71:
48:
34:
33:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
998:
997:
996:
984:
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962:
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952:
950:
945:
939:
933:
925:
903:
895:
883:
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853:
845:
833:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
792:
740:
732:
727:
697:
688:
684:
678:Ethiopia at bay
675:
671:
662:
655:
649:Ethiopia at bay
646:
642:
636:Ethiopia at bay
633:
629:
621:Paul B. Henze,
620:
616:
608:
604:
595:
591:
582:
578:
568:
566:
555:
554:
550:
541:
537:
528:
524:
515:
513:
504:
500:
496:
416:
414:1974 revolution
341:
240:
169:Political party
156:
152:
132:
126:
124:
100:
88:
72:
67:
51:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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970:
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918:
913:
907:
905:
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893:
887:
885:
877:
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873:
868:
863:
857:
855:
847:
846:
844:
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841:post abolished
837:
835:
827:
826:
795:
793:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
748:Habte Giyorgis
744:
742:
734:
733:
726:
725:
718:
711:
703:
696:
695:
682:
669:
653:
640:
627:
614:
602:
589:
583:John Spencer,
576:
548:
535:
522:
497:
495:
492:
479:Tsehafi Taezaz
471:Tsehafi Taezaz
437:
436:
433:Minassie Haile
415:
412:
399:tsahafe t'ezaz
369:Tsehafi Taezaz
357:Tsehafi Taezaz
353:Tsehafi Taezaz
340:
337:
287:Tsehafi Taezaz
279:Tsehafi Taezaz
264:Haile Selassie
252:Shewa Province
239:
236:
228:prime minister
220:Haile Selassie
204:Tsehafi Taezaz
198:
197:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
182:Colette Valade
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
155:(aged 62)
149:
145:
144:
138:Shewa Province
122:
118:
117:
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109:
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97:
96:
91:
85:
84:
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74:
64:
63:
57:
56:
53:
52:
50:Aklilu in 1961
49:
41:
40:
37:
21:Ethiopian name
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1075:
1064:
1061:
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1056:
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993:
988:
983:
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971:
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938:
932:
931:
928:
922:
919:
917:
914:
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882:
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872:
869:
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862:
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858:
856:
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848:
842:
839:
838:
836:
832:
828:
823:
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811:
805:
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789:
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781:
779:
776:
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771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
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751:
749:
746:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
724:
719:
717:
712:
710:
705:
704:
701:
692:
686:
679:
673:
666:
660:
658:
650:
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637:
631:
624:
618:
611:
606:
599:
596:Bahru Zewde,
593:
586:
580:
565:. 2 July 2016
564:
563:
558:
552:
545:
539:
532:
529:Bahru Zewde,
526:
511:
510:
502:
498:
491:
488:
484:
480:
475:
472:
468:
464:
458:
456:
452:
449:
448:
442:
434:
430:
429:
428:
424:
421:
411:
409:
404:
400:
395:
391:
387:
384:
383:
379:, and led by
378:
377:Crown Council
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
345:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
313:
312:
307:
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189:
185:
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177:
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146:
143:
139:
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131:12 March 1912
123:
119:
114:
110:
107:
104:
98:
95:
92:
86:
83:
80:
76:
70:
65:
62:
58:
54:
47:
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
904:(since 1995)
840:
777:
690:
685:
677:
672:
664:
648:
643:
635:
630:
622:
617:
609:
605:
597:
592:
584:
579:
567:. Retrieved
560:
551:
543:
538:
530:
525:
514:. Retrieved
508:
501:
478:
476:
470:
459:
451:Asrate Kassa
444:
438:
425:
417:
402:
398:
380:
373:
368:
361:Abebe Aragai
356:
352:
350:
339:Premiereship
325:World War II
309:
302:
296:
286:
278:
276:
267:
250:district of
241:
216:α ααα αα₯α° ααα΅
207:
202:
201:
153:(1974-11-23)
101:Succeeded by
94:Abebe Aregai
68:
1013:1974 deaths
1008:1912 births
916:Hailemariam
884:(1991β1995)
854:(1987β1991)
834:(1974β1987)
783:Endelkachew
741:(1270β1974)
569:17 February
441:Abiye Abebe
420:oil embargo
390:land reform
365:failed coup
173:Independent
159:Addis Ababa
89:Preceded by
1002:Categories
516:2015-05-20
303:Blatengeta
272:Alexandria
188:Alma mater
127:1912-03-12
29:given name
25:patronymic
980:Biography
689:Ottaway,
676:Spencer,
647:Spencer,
634:Spencer,
610:A History
222:. He was
69:In office
31:, Aklilu.
992:Politics
968:Ethiopia
763:Makonnen
680:, p. 330
651:, p. 117
638:, p. 115
512:. Hamlyn
19:In this
954:Portals
936:Interim
934:‡
871:Tesfaye
693:, p. 61
333:Eritrea
291:Emperor
212:Amharic
78:Monarch
942:Acting
891:Tamrat
788:Mikael
778:Aklilu
753:Tafari
179:Spouse
911:Meles
866:Hailu
861:Fikre
768:Abebe
758:Wolde
494:Notes
445:Leul
321:Cairo
316:Paris
268:lycee
248:Bulga
134:Bulga
921:Abiy
773:Imru
571:2019
467:Derg
443:and
392:and
258:and
238:Life
232:Derg
148:Died
121:Born
447:Ras
403:Ras
382:Ras
270:in
1004::
656:^
559:.
214::
161:,
140:,
136:,
956::
940:*
722:e
715:t
708:v
573:.
519:.
210:(
129:)
125:(
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