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and a third close to the middle), and a chinstrap used to secure the helmet. Helmets are a requirement at all levels of organized football, except for non-tackle variations such as flag football. Although they are protective, players can and do still suffer head injuries such as concussion. Football helmets bear the logo of the team and the team colors. By the mid-1980s, the football helmet had become a complex, highly engineered piece of equipment. The inside of the helmets was lined with foam padding and plastic pods, or an inflatable layer designed to absorb the shock of impact and create as tight as fit as possible. In 1995. the football helmet went high-tech, when a new rule permitted quarterbacks to have a radio transmitter in their helmets, making it possible for a team’s coach to call in plays without the need for elaborate sideline semaphore.
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Bert Bell after only three preseason games. The NFL allowed dummy communication in regular-season games in 1994, 38 years after the Browns' experiment. Rather than coaches calling a time-out in order to give a play to a quarterback, many of today's teams have opted for radios inside their quarterback's helmet. The helmets are set up with a small speaker in each ear hole. Quarterback coaches or offensive coordinators on the sidelines talk to the quarterback with a radio, giving him specific plays and options. Players from the "old school" might argue that this creates an unfair advantage, but proponents say that the radio helmets make for clear coach-to-player communication, even in large, noisy games like the Super Bowl.
311:. Based on measurements taken, a helmet shell of the appropriate size and style is chosen. Then, padding is added to ensure that the helmet fits the player's head. Padding consists of both foam rubber pads and inflatable (air) pads. Both the top and side padding include inflatable bladders that customize the fit. Once the helmet is in place on the player's head, the inflater bulb is applied to two points on the outside of the helmet. The jaw pads are fitted to ensure that the lower part of the helmet is snug against the player's face. The helmets that most NFL teams use are remarkably light, and once the pads are in place, there is no movement or shifting on the player's head.
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Jerseys have a wide strip of Velcro at the rear that mates with Velcro inside the waistband of the pants. Many players apply two-sided carpet tape to their shoulder pads so that the jersey sticks to the pads. The players individually choose which of these features (if any) they will use. Each professional football player is usually equipped with a set of practice jerseys as well as four-game jerseys. Players will change jerseys at half time if it is raining. Jerseys will usually have a variety of patches affixed to the shoulders or other parts of the garment. Patches may depict the
American flag, the team
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game. The interior sides of the pants legs contain four individual pockets to hold two thigh pads (one for each leg) and two knee pads. The pads are placed in the pockets before the pants are put on in the locker room. The pants are secured with a belt, sometimes with a traditional metal buckle or with several rings. Game-used jerseys and pants are sports collectibles, with those of celebrity athletes realizing high sums.
447:, gridiron football shoewear have soles that consist of spikes called "cleats" purposefully designed for games on grass. Some cleats have removable cleats that can be screwed into specific holes. Cleat sizes are changed, depending on the conditions of the field (longer cleats provide better traction on a wet field, shorter cleats provide greater speed on a dry field). Flat bottomed shoes, called "turf shoes," are worn on
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the
Chicago sporting goods company, Sharp & Smith, created the "bicycle jockey strap" for bicycle riders (or, bicycle jockeys as they were then known). Other athletes adopted the jockey strap in their sports. A mass marketing in 1902 claimed the garment, now termed a "small comforter" was "medically installed" for all males that engaged in sports or harmful activity.
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531:"By the invention of nose armor football players who have been hitherto barred from the field because of broken or weak noses are now able to thrust an armor protected nose (even though it be broken) into the center of the roughest scrimmage without danger to the sensitive nasal organ. The armor is made of fine rubber and protects both the nose and teeth."
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There are limitations to the radio helmet though since it can be distracting for players who are not used to them. Additionally helmets with speakers are generally more expensive than traditional helmets, and they require additional maintenance and care to ensure that the speakers and microphone are
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Many receivers wear gloves that have sticky rubber palms, called tack gloves. Spray on sticky substances (such as Stick 'em) have been illegal since the 1980s. Linemen also wear gloves, for using their hands to fight off opposing linemen. The gloves worn by linemen usually are lined with very thick
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The shoulder pads consist of a hard plastic outer shell with shock-absorbing foam padding underneath. The pads fit over the shoulders and the chest and rib area, and are secured with various snaps and buckles. Shoulder pads give football players their typical "broad-shouldered" look, and are fitted
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NFL rules state that all helmets with a headset in them must have a visible green dot on the back. Since only the quarterback can have a wired helmet, it stops other players using the quarterback's helmet. A few times in 2006 the holder on the field goal attempt was told to pull up and throw or run
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The first in-helmet radio transmitter was invented in 1956 by John
Campbell and George Sarles, who approached then-Cleveland Browns owner Paul Brown to install a radio inside quarterback George Ratterman's helmet. It only resulted in game time interference, and was outlawed by then-NFL commissioner
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There are several styles of face masks and chin straps available. The selection is left to the player, with quarterbacks generally selecting more open masks with maximum visibility. Each position has a different type of face mask to balance protection and visibility. There are at least 15 different
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The professional football helmet consists of several distinct parts: the shell, jaw pads and abdomen bladders, face mask, chin strap, and mouth guard. The shell is constructed of hard plastic with thick padding on the inside, a face mask made of two or more metal bars (usually two spaced far apart
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Pants are manufactured in nylon and mesh (for hot weather practices), and nylon and spandex for a tight fit (with team colors) for games. Most pants are manufactured with the traditional lace-up fly as a zippered fly is impractical and subject to damage due to stress in the rough and tumble of the
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leagues, are often required to wear a protective cup. However, they are now not worn as often at the high school, college, and peewee level, although still highly recommended. The jockstrap is the one piece of equipment used in football that predates the sport itself. In 1874, Charles
Bennett of
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are usually nylon, with spandex side panels to keep it taut. The goal is to make it difficult for an opposing player to grab hold of the jersey and use it for leverage. To help this process: Jerseys have an extension at the bottom that wraps around from front to back to keep the jersey tucked in.
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Shoulder pads accomplish two things for a football player: (1) they absorb some of the shock of impact through deformation. The pads at the shoulders are strung on tight webbing and deform on impact, and (2) they distribute the shock through a larger pad that is designed to regulate players' body
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used in football is constructed of a wide elastic waistband with a support pouch of cotton/elastic to contain the genitals. Two wide elastic straps affixed to the base of the pouch and to the left and right sides of the waistband at the hip complete the jock. The pouch, in some varieties, may be
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The role of an equipment manager has become an important one for football teams. The equipment manager has two main areas of responsibility: first, fitting each player on the team with a customized array of equipment that will provide maximum protection against injury, and, secondly, being
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to an adult player by measuring across the player's back from shoulder blade to shoulder blade with a soft cloth measuring tape and then adding 1/2 inch. For comfort, shoulder pads are sometimes worn in conjunction with a shoulder pads cushion of foam rubber over a cotton half-tee.
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In the days before helmets, players often wore nose guards or "nose masks" or "nose armor". Football was a brutal sport before the introduction of helmets and other protective gear. Serious injuries and even deaths were common occurrences in the game. Harvard's All-American center,
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at the last second because of a change the coaches saw on the field. This gave teams an "unfair advantage" in the eyes of the NFL. The new rules let each team know who is wearing a headset and who is hearing the plays being called.
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258:. Football protective equipment has remained consistent in use for decades with some slight modifications made over the years in design and materials. The assignment and maintenance of football gear belongs to the team
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was the first to wear a visor/shield. The visors started out as clear or smoked, but now come in colors ranging from blue, gold, black, rainbow, silver, or amber. The visor/shield is used at the player's discretion.
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or tailbone. The pads are inserted into the pockets of a girdle worn under the football pants. Thigh and knee pads are made of plastics and inserted into pockets constructed inside the football pants.
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padding to better protect fingers and hands, which sometimes are caught in an opponent's face mask or are stepped on. Players are not permitted to put gels or "stick 'ems" on their gloves.
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Quilted hip pads date to the 1890s and are one of the earliest pieces of protective football gear known. Today, hip and tailbone pads are made of plastic and protect the hips,
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It is said that
Captain Cumnock, of Harvard, invented the nose armor so that Cranston, the great Harvard centre rush, who had a weak nose, could play with the crimson eleven.
246:, hip pads, tailbone pads, rib pads, and other equipment may be worn in addition to the aforementioned basics. Football protective equipment is made of synthetic materials:
218:") consists of equipment worn by football players for the protection of the body during the course of a football game. Basic equipment worn by most football players include
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facemask styles. New design for the helmet includes an integrated faceguard featuring shock absorbing "Energy Wedges" that reduce the force of impacts to the faceguard.
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invented a device that he called "nose armor." Cumnock's invention gained popularity, and in 1892, a newspaper article described the growing popularity of the device:
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responsible for the logistics of handling many pieces of equipment on a daily basis—keeping it repaired and in stock, and moving the equipment for road games.
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A recent addition to the football helmet is a visor or eye shield, traditionally used to protect players from eye injuries or glare. Former
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Newell, Kevin (January 1892). "Gridiron Greats: Football
Equipment That Scores!".
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The main purpose of these two garments is to identify the player by name and
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due to the lack of soil that causes friction and grip in artificial fields.
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temperatures during games and practices and also protects against injury.
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The Arena of
Masculinity: Sports, Homosexuality, and the Meaning of Sex
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game. In order to protect
Cranston's "weak nose," Harvard captain and
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The helmet fitting process starts by measuring the player's head with
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For the like-named gridiron football defensive lineman position, see
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575:"Leatherhead to Radio-Head: The Evolution of the Football Helmet"
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later invented the most commonly used version of the nose mask.
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616:"Are Football Helmets With Speakers The Future Of The Sport?"
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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117:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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787:Theismann, Joe & Tarcy, Brian (2010).
736:Long, Howie & Czarnecki, John (2003).
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177:Learn how and when to remove this message
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
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664:"The History of the Football Nose Mask"
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507:(Decatur, Illinois) of December 4, 1892
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382:fitted with a pocket to hold an
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662:Hornung, Chris (July 2, 2017).
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702:. November 29, 1892. p. 6
631:"When Did Cups Become Uncool?"
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772:. St. Martin's Griffin.
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744:(2nd ed.). Wiley.
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856:at Wikimedia Commons
740:Football for Dummies
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633:. Flem File.
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514:John Cranston
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445:soccer cleats
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346:Shoulder pads
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332:Shoulder pads
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297:Chicago Bears
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128: –
127:
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122:Find sources:
116:
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106:
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100:This article
98:
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88:
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68:
58:
54:
48:
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42:This article
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2314:
2279:Third jersey
2274:Away colours
2178:Surf culture
2075:Cheerleading
1919:Trading card
1851:
1811:Penalty flag
1771:Film session
1710:Return yards
1644:Garbage time
1639:Untimed play
1528:Interception
1446:Forward pass
1355:Neutral zone
1257:Professional
1024:Athletic Cup
983:Away colours
952:Guardian Cap
904:
859:
790:
769:
760:
739:
728:
711:
704:. Retrieved
695:
671:. Retrieved
667:
642:. Retrieved
634:
624:
609:
597:. Retrieved
592:
583:
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554:
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534:
530:
510:
504:
489:
473:
442:
439:Cleat (shoe)
425:
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299:quarterback
294:
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286:
248:foam rubbers
215:
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133:
121:
109:Please help
104:verification
101:
71:
65:January 2018
62:
43:
26:
2411:Barra brava
2384:Rally towel
2090:Hooliganism
2029:Crowd abuse
1978:Fan loyalty
1924:Twelfth man
1857:Football IQ
1847:Concussions
1780:Officiating
1533:Muffed punt
1503:Onside kick
1218:High school
443:Similar to
301:Jim McMahon
194:Kevin Grady
167:August 2008
2497:Categories
2345:Ice hockey
2335:Basketball
2240:Fight song
2138:Beer snake
2133:Beer wench
2128:Barmy Army
2054:Trash talk
2038:Fight song
1998:Sports fan
1862:Formations
1801:Chain crew
1756:Two-a-days
1665:Completion
1653:Statistics
1586:Play clock
1561:First down
1415:Field goal
1297:Hash marks
1292:Yard lines
1206:Pop Warner
1182:Wheelchair
1177:Powderpuff
962:Revolution
924:Goal posts
779:0312050534
560:References
494:Nose guard
486:Nose guard
388:Pop Warner
377:A typical
244:elbow pads
196:wearing a
137:newspapers
2299:Rally cap
1914:Tuck rule
1894:Positions
1874:Letterman
1852:Equipment
1690:Reception
1576:Dead ball
1515:Turnovers
1493:Drop kick
1486:Touchback
1400:Touchdown
1350:Dead zone
1312:Sidelines
1307:Goal line
998:Throwback
988:Alternate
947:Face mask
942:Eyeshield
644:April 23,
453:AstroTurf
379:jockstrap
365:Jockstrap
232:jockstrap
228:knee pads
2482:Bleacher
2330:Baseball
2308:By sport
2259:Clothing
2173:Kiss cam
2143:Sledging
2059:Violence
2024:Cheering
1904:Strategy
1884:Overtime
1837:Blocking
1795:Canadian
1791:American
1787:Official
1744:Practice
1471:Hand-off
1345:Red zone
1340:End zone
1302:End line
1252:Semi-pro
1135:Glossary
1120:Canadian
1086:Glossary
1081:American
1068:concepts
976:Uniforms
470:Knee pad
433:Footwear
411:Jerseys.
309:calipers
252:elastics
2426:Roligan
2416:Casuals
2379:Pennant
2340:Cycling
2267:General
2121:Cricket
2012:Actions
1825:Related
1806:Penalty
1594:Timeout
1498:Kickoff
1451:Lateral
1393:Scoring
1262:Women's
1235:College
1223:Varsity
1091:History
993:Numbers
957:History
912:General
256:plastic
151:scholar
51:Please
2446:Ultras
2436:Tifosi
2294:Number
2019:Booing
1622:1 min.
1617:2 min.
1612:3 min.
1523:Fumble
1420:Safety
1380:Pocket
1333:Spaces
1245:Sprint
1101:Modern
1014:Cleats
967:Winged
934:Helmet
799:
776:
748:
706:May 3,
673:May 3,
635:Page 2
595:. 2005
542:Gloves
480:coccyx
478:, and
476:pelvis
426:Pants.
415:jersey
405:colors
401:number
283:helmet
266:Helmet
220:helmet
153:
146:
139:
132:
124:
2455:Other
2367:Other
2350:Rugby
2222:Songs
2196:Other
2168:Jocks
2034:Music
1889:Plays
1660:Carry
1604:Spike
1599:Kneel
1553:Downs
1285:Lines
1277:Field
1167:Touch
1157:6-man
1152:7-man
1147:8-man
1142:9-man
1115:Arena
1108:Rules
1096:Early
1074:Codes
459:Other
315:Radio
202:visor
158:JSTOR
144:books
2289:Name
2105:Tifo
2085:Haka
1867:List
1832:Ball
1705:Sack
1481:Punt
1476:Rush
1441:Snap
1375:Hole
1365:Flat
1240:Club
1162:Flag
919:Ball
797:ISBN
774:ISBN
746:ISBN
708:2020
675:2020
646:2014
639:ESPN
601:2019
420:logo
130:news
1370:Gap
1211:AYF
234:or
113:by
2499::
1793:,
727:.
698:.
694:.
683:^
666:.
654:^
637:.
591:.
407:.
262:.
250:,
222:,
214:("
2045:)
2036:(
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155:·
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78:)
72:(
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63:(
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20:)
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