386:. Cabral trained his lieutenants through various techniques, including mock conversations to provide them with effective communication skills to aid their efforts in mobilizing Guinean traditional leaders to support the PAIGC. Cabral realized that the war effort could only be sustained if his troops could be fed and taught to live off the land, alongside the larger populace. Being an agronomist, he trained his troops to teach local farmers better farming techniques. This was to ensure that they could increase productivity and be able to feed their own family and community, as well as the soldiers enlisted in the PAIGC's military wing. When not fighting, PAIGC soldiers tilled and ploughed the fields alongside the local population.
2352:
467:
483:
2329:
2319:
341:
2340:
257:
70:
457:
coup was carried out in
Portugal, which was followed by a cease-fire in the various battle fronts and eventually by the independence of all of Portugal's former colonies in Africa. Cabral was assassinated prior to the independence of the Portuguese colonies in Africa and therefore died before he
307:
While back in Africa, starting in 1953, he conducted an agricultural census in
Portuguese Guinea in which he would travel more than 60,000 kilometers. This allowed him to “become intimately familiar with the people and land” of Portuguese Guinea, understanding that undoubtedly was helpful in the
389:
Cabral and the PAIGC also set up a trade-and-barter bazaar system that moved around the country and made staple goods available to the countryside at prices lower than that of colonial store owners. During the war, Cabral also set up a roving hospital and triage station to give medical care to
276:. His father came from a wealthy land-owning family. His mother was a shop owner and hotel worker who worked hard to support her family, especially after she separated from Amílcar's father by 1929. Her family was not well off, so she was unable to pursue higher education.
426:
After the assassination, about one hundred officers and guerrilla soldiers of the PAIGC, accused of involvement in the conspiracy that resulted in the murder of Amílcar Cabral and the attempt to seize power in the movement, were summarily executed. His half-brother,
418:
agents, whose alleged plan eventually went awry, wanted to influence Cabral's rivals through agents operating within the PAIGC, in hope of arresting Cabral and placing him under the custody of
Portuguese authorities. Another theory claims that
406:
In 1972, Cabral began to form a People's
Assembly in preparation for the independence of Guinea-Bissau, but disgruntled former PAIGC rival Inocêncio Kani, together with another member of PAIGC, shot and killed him on 20 January 1973 in
1221:
Abdel Malek, Karine, "Le processus d'accès à l'indépendance de la Guinée-Bissau.", In : Bulletin de l'Association des
Anciens Elèves de l'Institut National de Langues et de Cultures Orientales, N°1, Avril 1998. –
308:
guerrilla war he would go on to fight. He returned to Africa in the 1950s from
Portugal and was instrumental in promoting the independence causes of the then Portuguese colonies. In 1956, he was the founder of the
360:
against the
Portuguese government, which evolved into one of the most successful wars of independence in modern African history. The goal of the conflict was to attain independence for both Portuguese Guinea and
2392:
1480:
website has documents, posters, buttons, and photographs related to the struggle for independence in Guinea-Bissau and support for that struggle by U.S. organizations. The website includes photographs of
243:
and the ensuing war of independence in Guinea-Bissau. He was assassinated on 20 January 1973, about eight months before Guinea-Bissau's unilateral declaration of independence. He was deeply influenced by
2165:
495:...one of the most lucid and brilliant leaders in Africa, Comrade Amílcar Cabral, who instilled in us tremendous confidence in the future and the success of his struggle for liberation.
1205:... the lyrics of Made in Dakar are sung in Wolof, French and Portuguese Creole, and the themes include an homage to Amilcar Cabral, a fondly remembered Pan-African revolutionary
886:
309:
758:
Lopes, Rui; Barros, Víctor (19 December 2019). "Amílcar Cabral and the
Liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde: International, Transnational, and Global Dimensions".
670:, winner of the CVIFF (Cape Verde International Film Festival) prize for best documentary in 2011, puts Amilcar Cabral's political views and ideologies in the spotlight.
159:
565:(1983 and 2003). The book tells the story of Cabral who, as head of PAIGC, Guinea-Bissau's nationalist movement, became one of Africa's foremost revolutionary leaders.
536:, in zone 2, named as a tribute to him. In addition, the only privately owned university in Guinea-Bissau – Amílcar Cabral University, in Bissau – is named after him.
1028:
2138:
2472:
2432:
837:
Rabaka, Africana
Critical Theory: Reconstructing The Black Radical Tradition, From W. E. B. Du Bois and C. L. R. James to Frantz Fanon and Amilcar Cabral p.231
2153:
423:, jealous of Cabral's greater international prestige, among other motives, orchestrated the conspiracy; both theories remain unproven and controversial.
1408:
963:
164:
1060:
551:, which offers an extensive overview of Amílcar's life in narrative form. It features a detailed account of Amílcar's family history in Portuguese.
2402:
2462:
272:(located in modern-day Guinea-Bissau) to Cape Verdean parents, Juvenal António Lopes da Costa Cabral and Iva Pinhel Évora, both hailing from
446:'s Information and Investigation Services also concluded that "Lisbon's complicity" in the assassination of the leader of the struggle for
2083:
1449:
2422:
2477:
2123:
572:(Republic of Liberia) commissioned and built a housing estate on the Old Road, Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia, named in honor of Cabral.
1541:
2427:
2387:
398:. The bazaars and triage stations were at first stationary, until they came under frequent attack from Portuguese regime forces.
525:
2159:
2037:
896:
2452:
2442:
2417:
2118:
1429:
912:
149:
938:
2457:
2274:
2088:
1401:
626:
He was voted the second greatest leader in the world in a poll conducted by BBC World
History Magazine in March 2020.
390:
wounded PAIGC soldiers and quality-of-life care to the larger populace, relying on medical supplies garnered from the
2407:
2148:
1347:
1298:
1289:
1270:
1189:
822:
647:
Cabral's political thought and role in the liberation of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde is discussed at some length in
2447:
2412:
2397:
590:
composed 'Quem Matou Cabral' in honor of Amílcar Cabral and performed it during the independence celebrations of
329:
2467:
2437:
2228:
284:
659:
504:
475:
431:, became the leader of the Guinea-Bissau branch of the party and eventually became President of Guinea-Bissau.
17:
1505:
2299:
2128:
2057:
365:. Over the course of the conflict, as the movement captured territory from the Portuguese, Cabral became the
228:
595:
2113:
2098:
1534:
1086:
442:
was not directly involved in his death, according to official documents made public in 2006. Even so, the
320:(African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde). He was also one of the founding members of
2243:
1777:
74:
Cabral wearing a traditional skullcap known as a sumbia during the 1964 Cassacá Congress, a gathering of
280:
2052:
1262:
2108:
2073:
860:
558:
248:, becoming an inspiration to revolutionary socialists and national independence movements worldwide.
2264:
2013:
1918:
1842:
1682:
580:
31:
2322:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2133:
2093:
1722:
1668:
1527:
1489:
2103:
1827:
1742:
1591:
984:
420:
296:
1460:
1446:
2344:
2008:
1345:(1997). "The First Ambassadors: Cuba's Contribution to Guinea-Bissau's War of Independence".
964:"(1959) Sekou Touré, "The Political Leader Considered as the Representative of a Culture" •"
533:
283:
Secondary School Gil Eanes in the town of Mindelo, Cape Verde. He was later educated at the
2382:
2377:
2190:
2143:
1873:
1797:
1762:
1281:
1113:
454:
273:
345:
8:
2233:
2207:
1928:
1571:
689:
458:
could see his homelands of Cape Verde and Guinea Bissau gain independence from Portugal.
443:
184:
2259:
2238:
1963:
1913:
1888:
1878:
1863:
1817:
1802:
1372:
1364:
1323:
1315:
1243:
987:, 1 February 1973, as amended 4 May 2006. Declassified US Department of State document.
793:
741:
612:
569:
466:
240:
1470:
328:, whom he met in Portugal, and other Angolan nationalists. Cabral was an asset of the
2196:
1883:
1655:
1596:
1576:
1425:
1421:
1397:
1376:
1327:
1285:
1266:
1247:
1024:
892:
818:
797:
785:
487:
439:
357:
269:
109:
1727:
2212:
1988:
1923:
1903:
1898:
1717:
1586:
1356:
1307:
1235:
775:
767:
685:
620:
332:, and under the codename "Secretary" provided intelligence information to the StB.
1484:
771:
482:
2332:
2023:
2003:
1933:
1767:
1732:
1637:
1453:
1342:
812:
623:: «Площадь Амилкара Кабрала» "Ploschad Amilcara Cabrala") since 16 January 1974.
529:
295:
student in Lisbon, he founded student movements dedicated to opposing the ruling
40:
1752:
939:"African Independence Party for Guinea and Cape Verde | political party, Africa"
2304:
2269:
2018:
1978:
1968:
1837:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1747:
1707:
1616:
1550:
1509:
1493:
1385:
1254:
554:
537:
325:
299:
and promoting the cause of independence for the Portuguese colonies in Africa.
264:
Amílcar Lopes Cabral was born on 12 September 1924. He was born in the town of
220:
216:
1360:
1311:
1239:
916:
428:
2371:
2356:
2202:
2078:
1998:
1993:
1973:
1953:
1938:
1893:
1807:
1792:
1772:
1757:
1737:
789:
599:
575:
There is a block of flats named Amílcar Cabral Court on Porteus Road in west
561:, also wrote a book about the life and biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled
435:
383:
372:
236:
205:
139:
1983:
1908:
1697:
1581:
1499:
1033:
648:
605:
517:
500:
471:
391:
1648:
1226:
Bienen, Henry (1977). "State and Revolution: The Work of Amilcar Cabral".
2170:
1858:
1782:
1642:
653:
521:
378:
In preparation for the independence war, Cabral set up training camps in
587:
524:", one "whose influence reverberated far beyond the African continent."
2393:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde politicians
1958:
1868:
1296:
Chilcote, Ronald H. (1968). "The Political Thought of Amílcar Cabral".
780:
710:. Translated by Dan Wood. Rowman & Littlefield International, 2016.
591:
447:
362:
212:
209:
2166:
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
1368:
1319:
1000:
340:
1948:
1943:
1787:
1611:
1606:
1601:
516:
Cabral is considered a "revolutionary theoretician as significant as
353:
215:, political organizer, and diplomat. He was one of Africa's foremost
1490:"The Revolution in Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of Amilcar Cabral"
1278:
Armed Struggle in Africa: With the Guerrillas in "Portuguese" Guinea
746:
Amílcar Cabral's Revolutionary Theory and Practice: A Critical Guide
265:
105:
2339:
1702:
1029:"Africa: A Continent Drenched in the Blood of Revolutionary Heroes"
547:
Author António Tomás wrote a biography of Amílcar Cabral, entitled
532:, is named in his honor. There is also a football competition, the
367:
292:
1477:
888:
African & American: West Africans in Post-Civil Rights America
2284:
1519:
1383:
McCollester, Charles. "The Political Thought of Amilcar Cabral."
681:
630:
408:
245:
125:
44:
1662:
1621:
616:
576:
508:
395:
352:
From 1963 to his assassination in 1973, Cabral led the PAIGC's
288:
129:
1394:
Amílcar Cabral: A Nationalist and Pan-Africanist Revolutionary
486:
Mural on the wall of the Amílcar Cabral Foundation offices in
1001:"US declassifies documents on freedom fighter Amílcar Cabral"
657:(1983). He is also the subject of the Portuguese documentary
541:
379:
75:
1456:, a speech at the Tricontinental Conference in Havana, 1966.
885:
Halter, Marilyn; Johnson, Violet Showers (29 August 2014).
722:
Unity and Struggle: Speeches and Writings of Amilcar Cabral
450:'s and Guinea-Bissau's independence "cannot be ruled out."
415:
321:
256:
160:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
69:
1138:
1061:"Maharaja Ranjit Singh voted greatest leader of all times"
1259:
Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People's War
715:
Return to the Source: Selected Speeches of Amilcar Cabral
563:
Amílcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership And People's War
2139:
Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
1338:. Niwot, Colorado, USA: Colorado University Press, 1993.
1163:
316:
Partido Africano da Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde
549:
O Fazedor de Utopias: Uma Biografia de Amílcar Cabral
2154:
Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
1418:
Amílcar Cabral: The Life of a Reluctant Nationalist
985:"Portuguese Guinea: The PAIGC After Amilcar Cabral"
1409:Amilcar Cabral and the Revolution in Guinea-Bissau
528:, Cape Verde's principal international airport at
223:and intellectual nationalist revolutionary poet.
2369:
335:
314:
1506:Review of Amilcar Cabral's Unity & Struggle
633:was named "Amílcar Cabral Library" since 1974.
434:Less than a month after the assassination, the
51: and the second or paternal family name is
1087:"Who is the greatest leader in world history?"
401:
165:People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
2473:African politicians assassinated in the 1970s
2433:Bissau-Guinean people of Cape Verdean descent
1535:
884:
608:issued a postage stamp in his honor in 1978.
322:Movimento Popular Libertação de Angola (MPLA)
557:, professor of Lusophone African studies at
260:Portrait of Amilcar Cabral in 1948, aged 23.
1396:. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2019.
1112:Cabral, Biblioteca Amilcar (3 March 2023).
1020:
1018:
757:
251:
1542:
1528:
1473:, a speech at Syracuse University in 1970.
68:
30:For the documentary about the person, see
2124:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
1341:
1050:, 2011 documentary film by Valerio Lopes.
779:
371:leader of a large portion of what became
235:, Cabral led the nationalist movement of
2084:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
1295:
1015:
995:
993:
481:
465:
339:
255:
2403:Assassinated Bissau-Guinean politicians
1843:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
850:, New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, p. 106.
414:According to some theories, Portuguese
14:
2370:
1225:
1187:
1139:"Cabralista – Just another Afryk site"
1111:
810:
748:, Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner.
324:later in the same year, together with
27:Guinea-Bissauan politician (1924–1973)
2463:Technical University of Lisbon alumni
1523:
1415:
1188:Mitter, Siddhartha (15 August 2008).
990:
913:"A "NIGHT OF LONG KNIVES" IN CONAKRY"
636:
183:
2119:International African Service Bureau
1003:. Afrol News / A Semana. 7 June 2006
688:included the song "Cabral", sung in
526:Amílcar Cabral International Airport
2160:Rassemblement Démocratique Africain
848:Czechoslovakia in Africa, 1945–1968
619:was named "Amílcar Cabral Square" (
438:concluded that then-colonial power
24:
2089:All-African Trade Union Federation
1549:
1214:
25:
2489:
2423:Bissau-Guinean military personnel
2149:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
1471:"National Liberation and Culture"
1440:
1348:Journal of Latin American Studies
1299:Journal of Modern African Studies
1228:Journal of Modern African Studies
1190:"Orchestra Baobab: Made in Dakar"
330:Czechoslovak State Security (StB)
2478:Politicians assassinated in 1973
2350:
2338:
2328:
2327:
2318:
2317:
1478:African Activist Archive Project
1261:. New York and Cambridge, U.K.:
760:The International History Review
2275:All-African Peoples' Conference
1181:
1156:
1131:
1105:
1079:
1053:
1040:
978:
956:
811:Martin, G. (23 December 2012).
285:Instituto Superior de Agronomia
279:Amílcar Cabral was educated at
185:[ɐˈmilkaɾˈlɔpɨʃkɐˈbɾal]
2428:Bissau-Guinean pan-Africanists
2388:African and Black nationalists
931:
905:
878:
861:"CIDAC :: Amílcar Cabral"
853:
840:
831:
804:
751:
735:
505:Tricontinental Conference 1966
476:1966 Tricontinental Conference
13:
1:
2300:United States of Latin Africa
2129:Organisation of African Unity
2058:African Leadership University
772:10.1080/07075332.2019.1703118
728:
724:. Monthly Review Press, 1979.
717:. Monthly Review Press, 1973.
708:Resistance and Decolonization
663:, which was released in 2000.
336:Guerilla war for independence
2114:First Pan-African Conference
846:Muehlenbeck, Philip (2016),
586:Angolan singer and activist
453:Later on 25 April 1974, the
7:
2443:Deaths by firearm in Guinea
2418:Bissau-Guinean male writers
1467:. Updated 8 September 2020.
1412:, City College of New York.
700:
461:
402:Assassination and aftermath
10:
2494:
2053:African Leadership Academy
1263:Cambridge University Press
150:Amílcar Cabral's Mausoleum
38:
29:
2458:People murdered in Guinea
2453:People from Bafatá Region
2345:Pan-Africanism portal
2313:
2252:
2221:
2183:
2109:Economic Freedom Fighters
2099:Convention People's Party
2074:African Unification Front
2066:
2045:
2036:
1851:
1690:
1681:
1630:
1564:
1557:
1389:, 24: 10–21 (March 1973).
1361:10.1017/s0022216x96004646
1312:10.1017/S0022278X0001747X
1240:10.1017/S0022278X00002226
1118:Biblioteca Amilcar Cabral
814:African Political Thought
302:
170:
155:
145:
136:Manner of death
135:
115:
88:
83:
67:
60:
2408:Bissau-Guinean engineers
2265:African-American leftism
2014:Henry Sylvester Williams
1778:Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo
1452:23 December 2008 at the
674:
641:
297:dictatorship of Portugal
252:Early life and education
140:Assassination by gunshot
43:, the first or maternal
2448:National anthem writers
2413:Bissau-Guinean Marxists
2398:African revolutionaries
2323:Pan-Africanism category
2295:United States of Africa
2290:Union of African States
2280:East African Federation
2229:Ethnic groups of Africa
2134:Pan African Association
1723:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1669:United States of Africa
1514:International Socialism
1465:Encyclopædia Britannica
1416:Tomás, António (2021).
943:Encyclopedia Britannica
382:with the permission of
219:leaders. He was also a
204:20 January 1973) was a
2468:20th-century engineers
2438:Bissau-Guinean writers
2104:East African Community
1743:Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof
1592:Anti-Western sentiment
1461:"Amílcar Lopes Cabral"
1447:"The Weapon of Theory"
559:King's College, London
514:
491:
479:
349:
315:
261:
2009:Frances Cress Welsing
1485:Works at Marxists.org
1392:Mendy, Peter Karibe.
1194:www.pastemagazine.com
666:The documentary film
596:São Tomé and Príncipe
493:
485:
469:
343:
259:
213:agricultural engineer
32:Amílcar Cabral (film)
2191:Black Star of Africa
2144:Pan-African Congress
2094:Conseil de l'Entente
1874:Edward Wilmot Blyden
1798:Abdias do Nascimento
1763:Toussaint Louverture
1282:Monthly Review Press
692:in their 2007 album
629:A public library in
470:Amílcar Cabral with
455:Carnation Revolution
344:Amílcar Cabral with
196:12 September 1924 –
177:Amílcar Lopes Cabral
93:Amílcar Lopes Cabral
2244:Conflicts in Africa
2234:Languages of Africa
2208:Pan-African colours
1929:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
1572:African nationalism
1027:(17 January 2011),
742:Chilcote, Ronald H.
690:Cape Verdean Creole
544:to Cabral in 1973.
444:US State Department
2260:African philosophy
2239:Religion in Africa
1964:Zephania Mothopeng
1914:Amy Ashwood Garvey
1889:John Henrik Clarke
1879:Stokely Carmichael
1864:Molefi Kete Asante
1818:John Nyathi Pokela
1803:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1495:Africa in Struggle
1459:Charles Peterson,
1276:Chailand, Gérard.
1025:Brittain, Victoria
637:In popular culture
613:Veshnyaki District
579:, situated in the
570:William R. Tolbert
534:Amílcar Cabral Cup
492:
480:
350:
262:
241:Cape Verde Islands
226:Also known by the
2365:
2364:
2357:Africa portal
2197:Le Marron Inconnu
2179:
2178:
2032:
2031:
1828:Ahmed Sékou Touré
1677:
1676:
1597:Black nationalism
1577:African socialism
1334:Dhada, Mustafah.
898:978-0-8147-6058-1
720:Cabral, Amilcar.
713:Cabral, Amilcar.
706:Cabral, Amilcar.
488:Praia, Cape Verde
421:Ahmed Sékou Touré
358:Portuguese Guinea
346:Nicolae Ceaușescu
270:Portuguese Guinea
174:
173:
110:Portuguese Guinea
103:12 September 1924
16:(Redirected from
2485:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2331:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2213:Pan-African flag
2043:
2042:
1989:Randall Robinson
1924:Leonard Jeffries
1904:W. E. B. Du Bois
1899:Cheikh Anta Diop
1894:Martin R. Delany
1718:David Comissiong
1688:
1687:
1587:Anti-imperialism
1562:
1561:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1435:
1431:978-1-787-381445
1380:
1343:Gleijeses, Piero
1336:Warriors at Work
1331:
1251:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1057:
1051:
1046:Opening text of
1044:
1038:
1022:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
997:
988:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
966:. 10 August 2009
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
915:. Archived from
909:
903:
902:
882:
876:
875:
873:
871:
857:
851:
844:
838:
835:
829:
828:
808:
802:
801:
783:
766:(6): 1230–1237.
755:
749:
739:
686:Orchestra Baobab
581:Paddington Green
512:
474:in Cuba for the
318:
289:Lisbon, Portugal
203:
201:
195:
193:
187:
182:
122:
102:
100:
84:Personal details
72:
58:
57:
21:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2337:
2333:Africa category
2309:
2248:
2217:
2175:
2062:
2028:
2024:Omali Yeshitela
2004:Issa Laye Thiaw
1934:Maulana Karenga
1919:John G. Jackson
1847:
1768:Patrice Lumumba
1733:Muammar Gaddafi
1673:
1638:African century
1626:
1553:
1548:
1454:Wayback Machine
1443:
1438:
1432:
1255:Chabal, Patrick
1217:
1215:Further reading
1212:
1211:
1198:
1196:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1045:
1041:
1023:
1016:
1006:
1004:
999:
998:
991:
983:
979:
969:
967:
962:
961:
957:
947:
945:
937:
936:
932:
922:
920:
911:
910:
906:
899:
883:
879:
869:
867:
859:
858:
854:
845:
841:
836:
832:
825:
809:
805:
756:
752:
740:
736:
731:
703:
677:
644:
639:
513:
499:
464:
404:
338:
305:
254:
199:
197:
191:
189:
180:
163:
156:Political party
124:
120:
119:20 January 1973
104:
98:
96:
95:
94:
79:
63:
56:
41:Portuguese name
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2325:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2305:Year of Africa
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2270:Africanization
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2019:Amos N. Wilson
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Runoko Rashidi
1976:
1971:
1969:George Padmore
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1838:Robert Sobukwe
1835:
1833:Haile Selassie
1830:
1825:
1823:Thomas Sankara
1820:
1815:
1813:Julius Nyerere
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1748:Kenneth Kaunda
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1728:Anténor Firmin
1725:
1720:
1715:
1713:Amílcar Cabral
1710:
1708:Nnamdi Azikiwe
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1617:Uhuru Movement
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1551:Pan-Africanism
1547:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1510:John Newsinger
1503:
1487:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1457:
1442:
1441:External links
1439:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1413:
1404:
1402:978-0821423721
1390:
1386:Monthly Review
1381:
1339:
1332:
1306:(3): 373–388.
1293:
1274:
1252:
1234:(4): 555–568.
1223:
1222:pp. 53–60
1218:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1180:
1155:
1143:cabralista.com
1130:
1104:
1093:. 4 March 2020
1078:
1067:. 5 March 2020
1052:
1039:
1014:
989:
977:
955:
930:
904:
897:
877:
852:
839:
830:
823:
803:
750:
733:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
718:
711:
702:
699:
698:
697:
676:
673:
672:
671:
664:
660:Amílcar Cabral
643:
640:
638:
635:
555:Patrick Chabal
538:Jorge Peixinho
497:
463:
460:
403:
400:
337:
334:
326:Agostinho Neto
304:
301:
253:
250:
221:pan-Africanist
206:Bissau-Guinean
172:
171:
168:
167:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
123:(aged 48)
117:
113:
112:
92:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
73:
65:
64:
62:Amílcar Cabral
61:
26:
18:Amilcar Cabral
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2490:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:Lion of Judah
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:African Union
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:Organizations
2035:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Burning Spear
1997:
1995:
1994:Walter Rodney
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:Motsoko Pheko
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Archie Mafeje
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:Alice Kinloch
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Kwame Nkrumah
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Robert Mugabe
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:Samora Machel
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1758:Jomo Kenyatta
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:Marcus Garvey
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1406:Sigal, Brad.
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1290:0-85345-106-0
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:0-521-24944-9
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1206:
1195:
1191:
1184:
1169:
1168:www.cviff.org
1165:
1159:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1002:
996:
994:
986:
981:
965:
959:
944:
940:
934:
919:on 7 May 2019
918:
914:
908:
900:
894:
891:. NYU Press.
890:
889:
881:
866:
862:
856:
849:
843:
834:
826:
824:9781137062055
820:
816:
815:
807:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
754:
747:
743:
738:
734:
723:
719:
716:
712:
709:
705:
704:
695:
694:Made in Dakar
691:
687:
683:
679:
678:
669:
665:
662:
661:
656:
655:
650:
646:
645:
634:
632:
627:
624:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
601:
600:Guinea-Bissau
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
573:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
510:
506:
502:
496:
489:
484:
477:
473:
468:
459:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:United States
432:
430:
424:
422:
417:
412:
410:
399:
397:
393:
387:
385:
384:Kwame Nkrumah
381:
376:
374:
373:Guinea-Bissau
370:
369:
364:
359:
355:
347:
342:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
317:
311:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
258:
249:
247:
242:
238:
237:Guinea-Bissau
234:
231:
230:
229:nom de guerre
224:
222:
218:
217:anti-colonial
214:
211:
207:
186:
178:
169:
166:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
146:Resting place
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
118:
114:
111:
107:
91:
87:
82:
77:
71:
66:
59:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2195:
2158:
1984:Paul Robeson
1909:Frantz Fanon
1884:Aimé Césaire
1753:Modibo Keïta
1712:
1698:Dennis Akumu
1661:
1654:
1647:
1582:Afrocentrism
1516:, 12 (1981).
1513:
1500:Daniel Fogel
1494:
1464:
1417:
1407:
1393:
1384:
1355:(1): 45–88.
1352:
1346:
1335:
1303:
1297:
1280:. New York:
1277:
1258:
1231:
1227:
1204:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1167:
1164:"CVIFF 2018"
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1117:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:HistoryExtra
1090:
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1047:
1042:
1034:The Guardian
1032:
1005:. Retrieved
980:
968:. Retrieved
958:
946:. Retrieved
942:
933:
921:. Retrieved
917:the original
907:
887:
880:
868:. Retrieved
865:www.cidac.pt
864:
855:
847:
842:
833:
817:. Springer.
813:
806:
763:
759:
753:
745:
737:
721:
714:
707:
693:
667:
658:
652:
649:Chris Marker
628:
625:
611:A square in
610:
606:East Germany
604:
585:
574:
567:
562:
553:
548:
546:
540:composed an
518:Frantz Fanon
515:
501:Fidel Castro
494:
472:Fidel Castro
452:
433:
425:
413:
405:
388:
377:
366:
356:movement in
351:
313:
306:
278:
263:
232:
227:
225:
210:Cape Verdean
176:
175:
121:(1973-01-20)
52:
48:
36:
2383:1973 deaths
2378:1924 births
2046:Educational
1859:Marimba Ani
1783:Thabo Mbeki
1691:Politicians
1643:Black power
1065:India Today
1007:29 December
781:10362/94384
654:Sans Soleil
522:Che Guevara
429:Luís Cabral
291:. While an
233:Abel Djassi
181:Portuguese:
45:family name
2372:Categories
1959:Ali Mazrui
1869:Steve Biko
1683:Proponents
1420:. London:
1114:"About us"
1048:Cabralista
870:20 October
729:References
682:Senegalese
668:Cabralista
592:Mozambique
568:President
448:Cape Verde
363:Cape Verde
200:1973-01-20
192:1924-09-12
99:1924-09-12
2067:Political
1949:Malcolm X
1944:Fela Kuti
1788:Tom Mboya
1649:Négritude
1612:Sankarism
1607:Nkrumaism
1602:Garveyism
1377:144904249
1328:154310499
1248:154939795
798:214034536
790:0707-5332
354:guerrilla
2222:Dynamics
1703:Idi Amin
1631:Concepts
1565:Variants
1558:Ideology
1450:Archived
1284:, 1969.
1265:, 1983.
1199:29 March
1123:18 April
744:(1991),
701:Writings
651:'s film
588:David Zé
498:—
462:Tributes
440:Portugal
368:de facto
293:agronomy
274:Santiago
239:and the
39:In this
2285:Kwanzaa
2253:Related
2184:Symbols
2171:ZANU–PF
1481:Cabral.
1173:11 July
1148:11 July
1097:5 March
1071:5 March
631:Bologna
621:Russian
409:Conakry
246:Marxism
126:Conakry
78:cadres.
1852:Others
1663:Ujamaa
1656:Ubuntu
1622:Zikism
1428:
1400:
1375:
1369:158071
1367:
1326:
1320:159305
1318:
1288:
1269:
1246:
970:24 May
948:23 May
923:8 July
895:
821:
796:
788:
617:Moscow
598:, and
583:area.
577:London
511:, Cuba
509:Havana
396:Sweden
303:Career
266:Bafatá
130:Guinea
106:Bafatá
53:Cabral
1498:, by
1492:from
1422:Hurst
1373:S2CID
1365:JSTOR
1324:S2CID
1316:JSTOR
1244:S2CID
794:S2CID
684:band
675:Music
642:Films
542:elegy
380:Ghana
310:PAIGC
281:Liceu
76:PAIGC
49:Lopes
1476:The
1426:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1267:ISBN
1201:2019
1175:2020
1150:2020
1125:2024
1099:2020
1073:2020
1009:2019
972:2022
950:2021
925:2017
893:ISBN
872:2022
819:ISBN
786:ISSN
680:The
520:and
416:PIDE
394:and
392:USSR
208:and
116:Died
89:Born
1512:in
1508:by
1357:doi
1308:doi
1236:doi
776:hdl
768:doi
615:of
530:Sal
507:in
312:or
287:in
47:is
2374::
1463:,
1424:.
1371:.
1363:.
1353:29
1351:.
1322:.
1314:.
1302:.
1257:.
1242:.
1232:15
1230:.
1203:.
1192:.
1166:.
1141:.
1116:.
1089:.
1063:.
1031:,
1017:^
992:^
941:.
863:.
792:.
784:.
774:.
764:42
762:.
602:.
594:,
503:,
411:.
375:.
268:,
188:;
128:,
108:,
1543:e
1536:t
1529:v
1502:.
1434:.
1379:.
1359::
1330:.
1310::
1304:6
1292:.
1273:.
1250:.
1238::
1177:.
1152:.
1127:.
1101:.
1075:.
1037:.
1011:.
974:.
952:.
927:.
901:.
874:.
827:.
800:.
778::
770::
696:.
490:.
478:.
348:.
202:)
198:(
194:)
190:(
179:(
162:;
101:)
97:(
55:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
