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demonstrating mobility-based strategies like burrowing or crawling. These strategies help infauna cope with hydrothermal influence.” (Rodriguez Uribe 2023). hydrothermal influence refers to the transformative effects of hot water on geological, chemical, and biological systems, and it plays a significant role in a wide range of natural processes and human activities.
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and others. Some troglofauna live permanently underground and cannot survive outside the cave environment. Troglofauna adaptations and characteristics include a heightened sense of hearing, touch and smell. Loss of under-used senses is apparent in the lack of pigmentation as well as eyesight in most
373:
may also live in the interstices of bottom sediments. In general, infaunal animals become progressively smaller and less abundant with increasing water depth and distance from shore, whereas bacteria show more constancy in abundance, tending toward one million cells per milliliter of interstitial
981:
Infauna organisms in hydrothermal environments have developed adaptive strategies to survive harsh conditions, such as extreme temperatures, low pH levels, and reduced salinity. They constructed galleries, with the highest abundance in H1, and the dominant classes, Malacostraca and
Polychaeta,
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organisms that live within the bottom substratum of a water body, especially within the bottom-most oceanic sediments, the layer of small particles at the bottom of a body of water, rather than on its surface.
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1933:
691:(based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – troglofauna is associated with caves and spaces above the water table and stygofauna with water. Troglofaunal species include
389:. They made burrows in the sediment as protection and may also have fed upon detritus or the mat of microbes which tended to grow on the surface of the sediment. Today, a variety of organisms live in and
635:, whilst larger animals can be found in cave waters and wells. Stygofaunal animals, like troglofauna, are divided into three groups based on their life history - stygophiles, stygoxenes, and stygobites.
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or soil organisms which are retained on a 0.5 mm sieve. Studies in the deep sea define macrofauna as animals retained on a 0.3 mm sieve to account for the small size of many of the taxa.
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by their size, larger than microfauna but smaller than macrofauna, rather than a taxonomic grouping. One environment for meiofauna is between grains of damp sand (see
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611:(based on life-history). Both are associated with subterranean environments – stygofauna is associated with water, and troglofauna with caves and spaces above the
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1082:"Copepoda: developments in ecology, biology and systematics: proceedings of the Seventh international conference on Copepoda, held in Curitiba"
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to researcher. Whether an organism passes through a 1 mm mesh also depends upon whether it is alive or dead at the time of sorting.
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is also the word for a book that catalogues the animals in such a manner. The term was first used by
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573:). To qualify as microfauna, an organism must exhibit animal-like characteristics, as opposed to
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movie shows images taken every hour during a two-week period. Worms, bacteria and fish are shown
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Josef Rusek (1998). "Biodiversity of
Collembola and their functional role in the ecosystem".
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193:, respectively. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as
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to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "
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Simplified schematic of an island's fauna – all its animal species, highlighted in boxes
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but will be retained by a 30–45 μm mesh, but the exact dimensions will vary from
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In practice these are metazoan animals that can pass unharmed through a 0.5–1 mm
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454:. This image was likely first published in the first edition (1876–1899) of the
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Rubens M. Lopes, Janet Warner Reid, Carlos
Eduardo Falavigna Da Rocha (1999).
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life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding terms for
1153:"Biodiversity of Collembola and their functional role in the ecosystem"
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Microfauna are microscopic or very small animals (usually including
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refers to the animals that live in, or very close to, cold areas.
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are large animals of any particular region or time. For example,
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fauna that live on top of the sediment surface at the seafloor.
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Proceedings of the
University of Bristol Spelæological Society
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256:. All three words are cognates of the name of the Greek god
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Such creatures are found in the fossil record and include
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troglofauna. Troglofauna insects may exhibit a lack of
27:
Set of animal species in any particular region and time
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842:
307:is the fauna that exists in protected or concealed
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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960:Wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Linnaeus
410:refers to the animals that live in fresh water.
37:"Animal Life" redirects here. For the book, see
393:. The deepest burrowers are the ghost shrimps (
667:, is completely blind with a translucent shell
268:equivalent of fauna (πανίς or rather πανίδα).
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2008:
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3012:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
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1108:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
683:to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and
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2015:
2001:
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276:from Sweden in the title of his 1745 work
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
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615:. Stygofauna can live within freshwater
495:that live in both marine and freshwater
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252:, and the related forest spirits called
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591:Stygofauna is any fauna that lives in
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539:are macroscopic soil animals such as
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915:Fauna and Flora Preservation Society
72:adding citations to reliable sources
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737:organisms that can be described as
353:as they burrow and move through it.
284:Subdivisions on the basis of region
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1262:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1155:(by Josef Rusek; September 1998)
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569:and very small animals such as
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2425:Federated States of Micronesia
1934:British Indian Ocean Territory
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988:, Princeton University Press,
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1047:Biodiversity and Conservation
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2865:United States Virgin Islands
1125:"The Origins of Troglobites"
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1011:Nature: An Economic History
986:Nature: An Economic History
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1247:Central African Republic
1009:Vermeij, Geerat (2009),
984:Vermeij, Geerat (2009),
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2907:Fauna of South America
2627:Fauna of North America
2536:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1944:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1059:10.1023/A:1008887817883
351:disturbing the sediment
2790:British Virgin Islands
2073:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1034:Fauna of Sandy Beaches
910:Environmental movement
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671:Troglofauna are small
668:
656:Zospeum tholussum
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319:Epifauna, also called
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32:Fauna (disambiguation)
2730:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2519:and other territories
1407:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1267:Republic of the Congo
1123:Phil Chapman (1982).
881:Earth sciences portal
777:Examples of fauna in
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722:Extraterrestrial life
687:are the two types of
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607:are the two types of
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344:
149:
1858:United Arab Emirates
789:Other terms include
755:evolutionary biology
469:Australian megafauna
391:disturb the sediment
244:comes from the name
68:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
3039:Ecology terminology
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2289:States with limited
1885:limited recognition
1482:States with limited
935:Natural environment
661:Lukina Jama–Trojama
2680:Dominican Republic
853:Environment portal
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689:subterranean fauna
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39:Animal Life (book)
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930:Genetic pollution
828:Linnaeus, Carolus
603:. Stygofauna and
452:New Zealand fauna
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2017:
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779:Olleros de Tera
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1138:(2): 133–141.
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1095:9780792370482
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1086:Hydrobiologia
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1016:
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832:Fauna Suecica
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731:theoretically
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309:microhabitats
306:
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278:Fauna Suecica
275:
274:Carl Linnaeus
271:
267:
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243:
242:
232:
230:
226:
225:faunal stages
222:
218:
217:Burgess Shale
214:
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88:
85: –
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
2989:Dependencies
2855:Sint Maarten
2835:Saint Martin
2517:Dependencies
2503:Cook Islands
2318:Transnistria
1923:Dependencies
1853:Turkmenistan
1818:Saudi Arabia
1557:Saint Helena
1528:
1432:South Africa
1422:Sierra Leone
1227:Burkina Faso
1158:
1135:
1131:
1118:
1104:cite journal
1085:
1075:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1029:
1010:
1004:
985:
977:
966:
955:
940:Soil zoology
890:Biodiversity
831:
806:ichthyofauna
804:
800:
790:
788:
751:biochemistry
747:astrobiology
726:
725:
670:
654:
590:
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536:
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497:environments
485:
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266:Modern Greek
261:
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182:
166:
162:
154:
153:
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
2825:Puerto Rico
2735:Saint Lucia
2685:El Salvador
2450:New Zealand
2356:Isle of Man
2291:recognition
2265:Switzerland
2200:Netherlands
1982:Asia portal
1883:States with
1803:Philippines
1743:South Korea
1738:North Korea
1633:Afghanistan
1484:recognition
1437:South Sudan
1327:Ivory Coast
799:fauna" and
708:and longer
645:Troglofauna
639:Troglofauna
613:water table
605:troglofauna
593:groundwater
499:. The term
481:Meiobenthos
305:Cryptofauna
300:Cryptofauna
18:Animal life
3028:Categories
2820:Montserrat
2815:Martinique
2810:Guadeloupe
2665:Costa Rica
2235:San Marino
2195:Montenegro
2175:Luxembourg
2155:Kazakhstan
2058:Azerbaijan
1863:Uzbekistan
1838:Tajikistan
1753:Kyrgyzstan
1733:Kazakhstan
1653:Bangladesh
1643:Azerbaijan
1539:(Portugal)
1497:Somaliland
1417:Seychelles
1382:Mozambique
1367:Mauritania
1352:Madagascar
1307:The Gambia
1242:Cape Verde
947:References
801:piscifauna
763:philosophy
710:appendages
685:stygofauna
679:that have
675:-dwelling
623:spaces of
587:Stygofauna
581:Stygofauna
575:microflora
567:protozoans
561:Microfauna
555:Microfauna
549:Collembola
541:arthropods
520:researcher
488:are small
448:Australian
419:Macrofauna
414:Macrofauna
408:Limnofauna
403:Limnofauna
383:trilobites
374:seawater.
371:microalgae
347:time-lapse
321:epibenthos
229:faunistics
201:Zoologists
124:April 2012
94:newspapers
3044:Organisms
2978:Venezuela
2923:Argentina
2805:Greenland
2720:Nicaragua
2695:Guatemala
2420:Australia
2346:Gibraltar
2170:Lithuania
1949:Hong Kong
1903:Palestine
1828:Sri Lanka
1823:Singapore
1703:Indonesia
1372:Mauritius
920:Gene pool
905:Ecosystem
817:Treatises
743:astronomy
727:Xenofauna
716:Xenofauna
701:myriapods
625:limestone
545:nematodes
537:Mesofauna
526:Mesofauna
505:organisms
501:meiofauna
486:Meiofauna
475:Meiofauna
465:Megafauna
435:Megafauna
429:Megafauna
379:lingulata
294:Cryofauna
289:Cryofauna
235:Etymology
2968:Suriname
2958:Paraguay
2943:Colombia
2770:Anguilla
2705:Honduras
2675:Dominica
2650:Barbados
2435:Kiribati
2366:Svalbard
2351:Guernsey
2298:Abkhazia
2250:Slovenia
2245:Slovakia
2220:Portugal
2078:Bulgaria
1972:Category
1893:Abkhazia
1843:Thailand
1798:Pakistan
1778:Mongolia
1773:Maldives
1768:Malaysia
1668:Cambodia
1563: /
1559: /
1552:(France)
1546: /
1524: /
1520: /
1472:Zimbabwe
1447:Tanzania
1297:Ethiopia
1292:Eswatini
1272:Djibouti
1237:Cameroon
1222:Botswana
1067:22883809
1024:. p. 267
999:. p. 266
839:See also
813:fauna".
792:avifauna
633:laterite
629:calcrete
617:aquifers
571:rotifers
367:Bacteria
315:Epifauna
219:fauna".
2973:Uruguay
2948:Ecuador
2928:Bolivia
2800:Curaçao
2785:Bonaire
2780:Bermuda
2710:Jamaica
2690:Grenada
2645:Bahamas
2581:Tokelau
2485:Vanuatu
2275:Ukraine
2225:Romania
2185:Moldova
2143:Ireland
2138:Iceland
2133:Hungary
2123:Germany
2118:Georgia
2108:Finland
2103:Estonia
2098:Denmark
2083:Croatia
2068:Belgium
2063:Belarus
2053:Austria
2048:Armenia
2043:Andorra
2038:Albania
1868:Vietnam
1783:Myanmar
1763:Lebanon
1693:Georgia
1648:Bahrain
1638:Armenia
1548:RĂ©union
1544:Mayotte
1535:Madeira
1530:(Spain)
1526:Melilla
1457:Tunisia
1427:Somalia
1412:Senegal
1397:Nigeria
1387:Namibia
1377:Morocco
1342:Liberia
1337:Lesotho
1287:Eritrea
1257:Comoros
1232:Burundi
1207:Algeria
900:Ecology
697:insects
693:spiders
681:adapted
677:animals
665:Croatia
490:benthic
423:benthic
362:benthic
358:Infauna
331:Infauna
325:benthic
264:is the
108:scholar
83:"Fauna"
2953:Guyana
2933:Brazil
2725:Panama
2715:Mexico
2660:Canada
2655:Belize
2556:Hawaii
2480:Tuvalu
2361:Jersey
2303:Kosovo
2270:Turkey
2260:Sweden
2240:Serbia
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1913:Taiwan
1848:Turkey
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1748:Kuwait
1728:Jordan
1718:Israel
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1663:Brunei
1658:Bhutan
1567:
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1467:Zambia
1462:Uganda
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1357:Malawi
1317:Guinea
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2336:Ă…land
2255:Spain
2180:Malta
2150:Italy
1954:Macau
1873:Yemen
1833:Syria
1808:Qatar
1788:Nepal
1723:Japan
1698:India
1688:Egypt
1673:China
1522:Ceuta
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1277:Egypt
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155:Fauna
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101:books
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1793:Oman
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