Knowledge

Astrakhan Kremlin

Source 📝

151: 44: 233: 285:
construction of the Cathedral lasted almost 12 years. During this time, the architects created a temple with a proper cubic form and five domes. The exterior of the Cathedral was decorated with molded brick and carved white stone. Windows and dome heads were framed by columns in the Corinthian style, and semicircular arches were filled with paintings depicting biblical scenes. Three such arches were arranged on each side of the temple.
248:, the wooden fortress was rebuilt into a stone one. To construct the Kremlin walls and towers, state-appointed master builders were sent from Moscow to Astrakhan. The chiefs responsible for the construction and planning of the stone fortress were Mikhail Ivanovich Veliyaminov, Grigorii Ovcin and lecturer Dei Gubastii. To achieve the best results, they used old but very strong Tatar plinths, brought from the ruins of 342: 324:. Thus, in the early 20th century the Kremlin retained its military significance and was popularly named as “The Town of Trotsky” (in 1992-1926). Only after the end of World War II was access to the Kremlin reopened. At the same time, the Kremlin ceased to serve military purposes. In the mid-20th century, significant restoration works were undertaken, saving many buildings that required urgent repairs. 333:
archers and scorers, elements of their weapons and ammunition, and an exhibition dedicated to the history of popular uprisings and corporal punishment. In 2011, after the restoration of the Kremlin, the Guardhouse exposition was opened, providing insights into the life of the Astrakhan military garrison in the 19th century.
332:
In 1974, the Astrakhan Kremlin became a museum, and in 1980, it became part of the Astrakhan State United Historical-Architectural Museum-Reserve. Today, citizens and tourists of Astrakhan can access museum exhibits showcasing the lifestyle of the Astrakhan Garrison. Visitors can see Casual Suits
240:
The first construction of the Kremlin began in 1587–1588 under the guidance of I.G. Vorodkov, a sapper and a lector of Discharge Order. He laid the first wooden fortress with powerful solid walls and towers. The construction site was chosen on the highest hill, known as “Rabbit” or “Zayachii” in
292:
In 1710, the bell tower cathedral was constructed under the control of architect Dorothea Myakisheva. In addition to bells, the watch was also installed, which created freshness and uniqueness in the city. The next two centuries were relatively calm for the Kremlin. Its buildings were repaired,
284:
The construction of Assumption Cathedral, which began in October 1, 1699, was likely the most significant event that was held on the territory of the Astrakhan Kremlin. Thirty professional stonemasons, led by bondman architect Dorotheos Myakisheva, were invited to undertake the project. The
312:. The Cossacks attacked The Red Army, entrenched in the Kremlin, from the roofs of nearby buildings. During the battle, the Kremlin suffered serious destruction. Miraculously the temples within Kremlin have survived. In 1919, the Red Army was reorganized under the leadership of 288:
The cathedral was divided into two floors. The upper church, dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, is a tall and light-filled temple intended for ceremonial worship during the warm months. The lower church is dimly lit and surrounded by the gallery columns.
205:
For centuries, the Astrakhan Kremlin was an inapproachable stronghold on the south-eastern border of Russia. A series of historical events are related to the fortress: the Crimean Turkish hiking on the lower Volga in the 16th century, the
218:, revolt of archers in 1705-1706, development of the Caspian navy in the 18th century, the reinforcement of the country's borders and entry into a part of Russian territories of the Caucasus and Central Asia. 150: 564: 281:) —holes through which boiled water or hot tar could be poured on attackers. At that time, the fortress's fire-fighting system was considered one of the most modern in all of Russia. 305:, access to the Kremlin's territory was closed. It was transformed into a military post, where groups of Red Guards were formed, and the Military Revolutionary Committee was established. 495: 241:
Russian. It was the ideal location for a fortress, as the hill is surrounded by the Volga River to the west and north, and by lakes and marshes to the south and east.
229:. Four years later, Russian troops took Astrakhan. With the incorporation of the Middle and Lower Volga regions, the Moscow state gained access to the Caspian Sea. 559: 43: 544: 269:
The walls of the Astrakhan Kremlin were equipped with prongs the slots of which allowed to fire from handguns against enemies. At the top tier, there were
380:
Trinity Cathedral with the churches of the Presentation of the Lord and the Introduction in Virgin Mary Church, House of Holy Trinity Monastery, 1602—1605
401:
Administrative housing (now it is a museum of the culture and life of the peoples of the Astrakhan region from the 18th to the 20th centuries.)
321: 67: 554: 308:
In January 1918, Astrakhan Kremlin was once again at the center of fateful events, when supporters of Soviet power fought with
447: 549: 455: 484: 463: 171: 317: 8: 539: 476: 309: 302: 534: 232: 222: 353:
The cathedral bell tower with Prechistinsky Gate (Пречистенские ворота), 1910—1912
274: 226: 207: 162: 31: 471: 420: 215: 528: 510: 497: 270: 245: 82: 69: 313: 249: 211: 125:
Avg. height of walls from 7 m (23 ft) to 11.3 m (37 ft)
374:
Artillery Tower and Yard (now it is museum with the same name), 1582—1589
194: 190: 182: 54: 371:
St. Nicholas Church Gate (Никольская Надвратная Церковь), 1729—1738
253: 214:
in the 17th century, the transformation during the reign of Tsar
341: 186: 565:
Objects of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance
386:
Archbishop's (Metropolitan's) House and the Church of Savior
448:
Historical and architectural complex "Astrakhan Kremlin"
252:
cities. The stone citadel was built in the style of the
176: 356:Archbishop Tower (Архиерейская башня), 1812—1813 316:to protect the Volga's outfall and to defeat the 264: 526: 301:At the beginning of the 20th century, after the 560:Cultural heritage monuments in Astrakhan Oblast 189:. It is located on a hill on an island in the 545:Buildings and structures in Astrakhan Oblast 383:Cyril's Chapel (Кирилловская часовня), 1677 154:The Maria Ascension cathedral in Astrakhan. 210:in Russia and the peasant uprising led by 365:'Red Gate' Tower (Башня «Красные Ворота») 362:Crimean Tower (Крымская Башня), 1582—1589 359:Zhitnyaya Tower (Житная Башня), 1582—1589 340: 231: 149: 122:(max. height): 84.8 m (278 ft) 119: 116:(min. height): 12.5 m (41 ft) 527: 377:Cathedral of the Assumption, 1698—1710 244:During the reign of Tsar Ivan IV and 113: 296: 456:Architecture and History of Kremlin 421:"Ensemble of the Astrakhan Kremlin" 13: 418: 236:Astrakhan Uspenskii sobor of kreml 14: 576: 441: 42: 419:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. 412: 265:Construction and early history 1: 555:World Heritage Tentative List 405: 392:Place of execution, 1710-1711 197:, the Kutum, and the Tsarev. 16:Fortress in Astrakhan, Russia 425:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 7: 550:Museums in Astrakhan Oblast 368:Water Gate (Ворота Водяные) 350:Walls of Kremlin, 1582—1589 177: 10: 581: 389:House of Clergy, 1622—1624 259: 327: 278: 166: 144: 140: 132: 106: 102:11 ha (0.11 km) 98: 61: 50: 41: 35: 26: 21: 464:Astrakhan Kremlin Museum 398:Soldier's Barracks, 1805 322:foreign interventionists 200: 336: 395:Officer’s houses, 1805 346: 237: 155: 511:46.35000°N 48.03194°E 344: 293:rebuilt and renewed. 235: 153: 507: /  181:) is a fortress in 178:Astrakhanskiy kreml 167:Астраханский кремль 83:46.3494°N 48.0322°E 79: /  36:Астраханский Кремль 516:46.35000; 48.03194 477:Astrakhan-Musei.ru 347: 310:Astrakhan Cossacks 303:October Revolution 238: 156: 120:Prechistinsky Gate 297:Twentieth century 175: 159:Astrakhan Kremlin 148: 147: 22:Astrakhan Kremlin 572: 522: 521: 519: 518: 517: 512: 508: 505: 504: 503: 500: 489: 481: 468: 460: 452: 435: 434: 432: 431: 416: 345:Walls and towers 280: 208:Time of Troubles 180: 170: 168: 114:Archbishop Tower 94: 93: 91: 90: 89: 88:46.3494; 48.0322 84: 80: 77: 76: 75: 72: 46: 37: 19: 18: 580: 579: 575: 574: 573: 571: 570: 569: 525: 524: 515: 513: 509: 506: 501: 498: 496: 494: 493: 487: 479: 466: 458: 450: 444: 439: 438: 429: 427: 417: 413: 408: 339: 330: 299: 267: 262: 216:Peter the Great 203: 128: 87: 85: 81: 78: 73: 70: 68: 66: 65: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 578: 568: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 491: 490: 482: 474: 469: 461: 453: 443: 442:External links 440: 437: 436: 410: 409: 407: 404: 403: 402: 399: 396: 393: 390: 387: 384: 381: 378: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 338: 335: 329: 326: 298: 295: 271:machicolations 266: 263: 261: 258: 254:Moscow Kremlin 225:conquered the 202: 199: 193:, between the 146: 145: 142: 141: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 127: 126: 123: 117: 110: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 63: 59: 58: 52: 48: 47: 39: 38: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 577: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 532: 530: 523: 520: 486: 483: 478: 475: 473: 470: 465: 462: 457: 454: 449: 446: 445: 426: 422: 415: 411: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 348: 343: 334: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 306: 304: 294: 290: 286: 282: 276: 272: 257: 255: 251: 247: 246:Boris Godunov 242: 234: 230: 228: 227:Kazan Khanate 224: 219: 217: 213: 209: 198: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 173: 164: 160: 152: 143: 139: 135: 131: 124: 121: 118: 115: 112: 111: 109: 105: 101: 97: 92: 64: 60: 56: 53: 49: 45: 40: 33: 29: 25: 20: 492: 488:(in Russian) 480:(in Russian) 467:(in Russian) 459:(in Russian) 451:(in Russian) 428:. Retrieved 424: 414: 331: 314:Sergei Kirov 307: 300: 291: 287: 283: 268: 250:Golden Horde 243: 239: 223:Tsar Ivan IV 220: 212:Stenka Razin 204: 158: 157: 27: 514: / 320:troops and 318:White Guard 191:Volga Delta 86: / 62:Coordinates 28:Native name 529:Categories 502:48°01′55″E 499:46°21′00″N 485:Culture.ru 430:2022-11-11 406:References 74:48°01′56″E 71:46°20′58″N 540:Astrakhan 221:In 1552, 183:Astrakhan 172:romanized 136:1562—1581 55:Astrakhan 535:Kremlins 57:, Russia 51:Location 279:варницы 275:Russian 260:History 174::  163:Russian 32:Russian 472:Unesco 328:Museum 187:Russia 107:Height 201:About 195:Volga 133:Built 337:Plan 99:Area 531:: 423:. 277:: 256:. 185:, 169:, 165:: 34:: 433:. 273:( 161:(

Index

Russian

Astrakhan
46°20′58″N 48°01′56″E / 46.3494°N 48.0322°E / 46.3494; 48.0322
Archbishop Tower
Prechistinsky Gate

Russian
romanized
Astrakhan
Russia
Volga Delta
Volga
Time of Troubles
Stenka Razin
Peter the Great
Tsar Ivan IV
Kazan Khanate

Boris Godunov
Golden Horde
Moscow Kremlin
machicolations
Russian
October Revolution
Astrakhan Cossacks
Sergei Kirov
White Guard
foreign interventionists

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.