450:
205:
267:
34:
314:
469:
438:
262:
turf with infill, meant to mimic natural grass more than the older products. This third-generation turf, as it became known, changed the landscape of the marketplace. Although SRI successfully marketed AstroPlay, a third-generation turf product, increased competition gave way to lawsuits. In 2000,
281:
In 2009, TMA acquired GSV to enter the marketplace as a direct seller. AstroTurf, LLC focused its efforts on research and development, which has promoted rapid growth. AstroTurf introduced new product features and installation methods, including AstroFlect (a heat-reduction technology) and field
277:
Despite their legal victory, increased competition took its toll. In 2004, SRI declared bankruptcy. Out of the bankruptcy proceedings, Textile
Management Associates, Inc. (TMA) of Dalton, Georgia, acquired the AstroTurf brand and other assets. TMA began marketing the AstroTurf brand under the
251:, as AstroTurf Industries, Inc. In 1988, Balsam AG purchased all the capital stock of AstroTurf Industries, Inc. In 1994, Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. (SRI) acquired the AstroTurf brand. In 1996, SRI was acquired by American Sports Products Group Inc.
945:
278:
company AstroTurf, LLC. In 2006, General Sports Venue (GSV) became TMA's marketing partner for the AstroTurf brand for the
American market. AstroTurf, LLC handled the marketing of AstroTurf in the rest of the world.
263:
SRI was awarded $ 1.5 million in a lawsuit after FieldTurf was deemed to have lied to the public by making false statements regarding its own product and making false claims about AstroTurf and AstroPlay products.
285:
In 2016, SportGroup
Holding announced that it would purchase AstroTurf, along with its associated manufacturing facilities. The AstroTurf brand has operated since then in North America as AstroTurf Corporation.
235:
Early iterations of the short-pile turf swept many major stadiums, but the product did need improvement. Concerns over directionality and traction led
Monsanto's R&D department to implement a texturized
428:. In keeping with studio instructions, no direct mention of the war in Vietnam appeared in the script. The scene in which the installation takes place was ultimately cut, so never appeared in the series.
953:
224:
in 1964. It was patented in 1965 and originally sold under the name "ChemGrass." It was rebranded as AstroTurf by company employee John A. Wortmann after its first well-publicized use at the
564:. The dissident was tackled by security seconds after he had landed his first punch on Castro. Castro suffered only minor injuries; the dissident was believed to have been executed.
282:
prefabrication (indoor, climate-controlled inlaying). AstroTurf also introduced a product called "RootZone" consisting of crimped fibers designed to encapsulate infill.
1212:
1519:
773:
728:, between the Philadelphia Phillies and Toronto Blue Jays, was the fourth World Series to be played entirely on artificial turf, following those in
600:
on AstroTurf (the first Super Bowl played on the surface, but not the first to be played on artificial turf; that was Super Bowl V (in 1971) with
1494:
2070:
1514:
413:
1509:
420:
to lay the turf was owned by his college roommate, who had just started a landscaping business after returning from a combat tour in the
1357:
1754:
1469:
1330:
1952:
1942:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1896:
1794:
1784:
1769:
1406:
196:-based SportGroup, a family of sports surfacing companies, which itself is owned by the investment firm Equistone Partners Europe.
417:
1678:
1140:
993:
1089:
843:
2058:
1194:
425:
2650:
2043:
2038:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1947:
1789:
1779:
1764:
1715:
582:(later Ralph Wilson Stadium, and then Highmark Stadium) opens in Orchard Park, New York, with an AstroTurf playing surface.
2145:
2053:
1484:
1244:
1226:
706:
298:
1037:
254:
While AstroTurf was the industry leader throughout the late 20th century, other companies emerged in the early 2000s.
1489:
1430:
814:
449:
623:
1015:
1504:
1158:
1059:
2133:
2128:
1759:
1592:
1499:
1479:
1276:
609:
371:
240:
system. By imparting a crimped texture to the nylon after it was extruded, the product became highly uniform.
2219:
2214:
2209:
2123:
1474:
560:, is attacked by a young dissident while opening an Astro Turf pitch at a sports centre in the outskirts of
416:'s kennel is covered with AstroTurf. According to script development notes, the installation firm hired by
2166:
1399:
777:
753:(Spain) becomes the first European football club to purchase an AstroTurf system for their practice fields.
702:
360:. The infield portion was in place before opening day in April; the outfield was installed in early summer.
1581:
579:
1090:"SportGroup Holding Purchases AstroTurf, SYNLawn, and Associated Manufacturing Operations | | AstroTurf"
2624:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2594:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2472:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2322:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
1820:
1774:
1685:
1648:
229:
19:
This article is about the artificial grass. For the marketing and political campaigning practice, see
660:
270:
1355:
News & Events – SRI Sports – International – Field, Track, Indoor, Tennis
Systems & Services
872:
2655:
2113:
2083:
1733:
1658:
975:
512:
375:
221:
887:
2660:
2158:
1633:
1524:
1392:
1227:"Socio-cultural Analysis: The Brady Bunch | Social History of Television: Charlotte Hudnutt"
112:
102:
243:
In 1987, Monsanto consolidated its AstroTurf management, marketing, and technical activities in
1804:
1586:
1298:
1848:
1354:
212:
The original AstroTurf brand product was invented by James M. Faria and Robert T. Wright at
2093:
930:
Elbert, Donald L. and Wright, Robert T. (1969) "Pigmented fiber-forming nylon composition"
379:
290:
248:
216:. The original, experimental installation was inside the Waughhtel-Howe Field House at the
173:
77:
1334:
1312:
1213:"The exterior vs. the interior of the Brady Bunch house and architecture in TV and movies"
8:
1708:
1176:
516:
326:
204:
2103:
1643:
546:
538:
520:
498:
473:
461:
339:
217:
1144:
1115:
1001:
553:(now Kauffman Stadium) open in Kansas City, Missouri, with AstroTurf playing surfaces.
258:, AstroTurf's chief competitor since the early 2000s, marketed a product of tall-pile
1877:
1872:
1799:
1738:
1692:
1653:
1638:
737:
733:
729:
725:
688:
674:
642:
597:
542:
494:
477:
353:
1262:
1825:
1671:
1555:
1093:
851:
750:
550:
442:
1198:
1361:
605:
453:
408:
393:
289:
In August 2021, AstroTurf became the official supplier of artificial turf to the
273:
in Texas, utilizing an older-style AstroTurf surface that has since been replaced
266:
244:
169:
73:
916:
Elbert, Donald L. (1968) "Synthetic turf products having variable blade widths"
798:
Faria, James M. and Wright, Robert T. (1965) "Monofilament ribbon pile product"
1623:
1618:
1459:
1415:
932:
918:
593:
357:
322:
177:
132:
33:
800:
185:
2644:
1728:
1721:
1628:
1576:
656:
575:
524:
184:. Since the early 2000s, AstroTurf has marketed taller pile systems that use
83:
313:
1544:
1045:
557:
497:
is the first with games on AstroTurf (previously installed at
Cincinnati's
457:
302:
259:
20:
822:
468:
1698:
421:
232:. Donald L. Elbert patented two methods to improve the product in 1971.
2179:
2174:
1854:
1023:
165:
44:
1116:"United Soccer League Announces Multi-Year Partnership with AstroTurf"
1842:
1664:
1549:
1067:
659:
systems in Ewing, New Jersey, at
Trenton State College (now known as
601:
318:
255:
225:
1284:
622:
The first international field hockey game is played on AstroTurf at
481:
437:
213:
181:
1446:
1384:
946:"Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. Reaffirms Jury Decision"
641:
The
Philadelphia Phillies and Kansas City Royals play the entire
193:
673:
The St. Louis
Cardinals and Kansas City Royals play the entire
561:
294:
873:"Gallery: First Experimental Artificial Grass Field Installed"
237:
1377:
687:
The St. Louis
Cardinals and Minnesota Twins play the entire
701:
The first E-Layer system (Elastomeric) is installed at the
189:
1245:"A Very Brady Post: 6 Secrets from The Brady Bunch Vault"
352:
First major installation of AstroTurf (ChemGrass) at the
145:
297:
leagues at the second, third, and fourth tiers of the
768:
766:
412:
house between the service porch and garage and under
1113:
370:
AstroTurf is first installed in an outdoor stadium—
763:
2642:
476:lining up for a play (on AstroTurf) against the
342:in Providence, Rhode Island, installs ChemGrass.
317:AstroTurf (pictured in the outfield) inside the
176:in sports. The original AstroTurf product was a
1400:
976:"SRI's bankruptcy puts customers on new turf"
655:AstroTurf installs the first North American
192:. In 2016, AstroTurf became a subsidiary of
321:during a June 7, 1969, contest between the
1407:
1393:
776:. AstroTurf. 19 April 2016. Archived from
501:), as the Reds play the Baltimore Orioles.
392:AstroTurf manufacturing facility opens in
32:
519:install AstroTurf at their home stadium,
844:"AstroTurf Sale to SportGroup Finalized"
467:
448:
436:
312:
265:
203:
1679:The Bad News Bears in Breaking Training
1263:"1970 World Series by Baseball Almanac"
2643:
1177:"How did Astroturf Become so Popular?"
1114:USLSoccer com Staff (30 August 2021).
2192:
1388:
885:
1716:Resurrection: The J.R. Richard Story
879:
305:of the U.S. women's soccer pyramid.
1317:The College of New Jersey Athletics
1107:
180:synthetic turf invented in 1965 by
13:
1414:
1299:"Percival Molson Memorial Stadium"
1066:. 29 November 2016. Archived from
707:University of California, Berkeley
445:in St. Louis (photo taken in 1975)
14:
2672:
1369:
523:, in preparation for hosting the
2193:
952:. 8 January 2001. Archived from
691:on AstroTurf in their ballparks.
677:on AstroTurf in their ballparks.
645:on AstroTurf in their ballparks.
525:Grey Cup game the following year
1348:
1323:
1305:
1291:
1269:
1255:
1237:
1219:
1205:
1187:
1169:
1151:
1143:. astroturf.com. Archived from
1133:
1082:
1052:
1030:
1008:
986:
968:
153:Footnotes / references
1593:CACTI Park of the Palm Beaches
1141:"History Timeline | AstroTurf"
994:"History Timeline – AstroTurf"
938:
924:
910:
865:
836:
807:
792:
188:materials to better replicate
1:
1755:1980 NL West tie-breaker game
1520:Opening Day starting pitchers
757:
703:College of William & Mary
2167:Houston Astros Radio Network
1649:"Deep in the Heart of Texas"
1277:"Turf Talk with Archie Pt.1"
850:. 2016-08-20. Archived from
821:. 2016-05-16. Archived from
168:of SportGroup that produces
7:
2651:Products introduced in 1964
56:; 60 years ago
10:
2677:
1686:Murder at the World Series
1360:February 25, 2007, at the
199:
18:
2586:
2515:
2448:
2381:
2314:
2253:
2199:
2188:
2144:
2069:
2028:
1932:
1886:
1863:
1834:
1813:
1747:
1606:
1565:
1540:
1533:
1458:
1424:
661:The College of New Jersey
299:U.S. men's soccer pyramid
151:
141:
131:
127:Equistone Partners Europe
123:
90:
68:
50:
40:
31:
2114:Fayetteville Woodpeckers
2084:Sugar Land Space Cowboys
1659:Shriners College Classic
1331:"Marshall Press Release"
886:Weeks, Jennifer (2015).
713:
630:
460:playing on AstroTurf at
432:
376:Indiana State University
308:
222:Providence, Rhode Island
16:Brand of artificial turf
2159:Space City Home Network
1515:First-round draft picks
980:Austin Business Journal
441:AstroTurf installed at
356:indoor stadium for the
1805:MLB Mexico City Series
1800:World Series no-hitter
1770:24 straight curveballs
1765:Chris Burke's home run
1587:Osceola County Stadium
892:Distillations Magazine
484:
465:
446:
329:
274:
209:
1780:Sign stealing scandal
1510:Owners and executives
1201:on December 12, 2010.
801:U.S. patent 3,332,828
471:
452:
440:
426:18th Engineer Brigade
316:
271:UFCU Disch–Falk Field
269:
208:Close-up of astroturf
207:
2094:Corpus Christi Hooks
2029:Wild card titles (4)
1933:Division titles (14)
1120:United Soccer League
933:U.S. patent 3565910A
919:U.S. patent 3573147A
804:assigned to Monsanto
780:on 23 September 2020
291:United Soccer League
1887:League pennants (5)
1821:Los Angeles Dodgers
1251:. November 5, 2008.
1249:www.mentalfloss.com
1147:on January 4, 2014.
517:Hamilton Tiger-Cats
327:St. Louis Cardinals
28:
2104:Asheville Tourists
1795:"We Want Houston!"
1790:18 shutout innings
1644:Continental League
1582:Cocoa Expo Stadium
556:Dictator of Cuba,
547:Kansas City Royals
539:Kansas City Chiefs
521:Ivor Wynne Stadium
499:Riverfront Stadium
485:
474:Indianapolis Colts
466:
462:Riverfront Stadium
447:
340:Moses Brown School
330:
275:
218:Moses Brown School
210:
26:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2134:DSL Astros Orange
1866:Championships (2)
1847:General Manager:
1739:Darryl Kile Award
1639:Big Bamboo Lounge
1602:
1601:
1550:Houston Astrodome
1440:Houston Colt .45s
1215:. April 29, 2012.
1195:"About AstroTurf"
1159:"Topic Galleries"
956:on 10 August 2014
726:1993 World Series
705:, as well as the
689:1987 World Series
675:1985 World Series
657:vertical drainage
643:1980 World Series
612:, Houston, Texas.
598:Minnesota Vikings
543:Arrowhead Stadium
495:1970 World Series
478:Green Bay Packers
354:Houston Astrodome
319:Houston Astrodome
226:Houston Astrodome
159:
158:
2668:
2208:
2190:
2189:
2148:
2073:
1672:Brewster McCloud
1570:
1568:Spring training:
1556:Minute Maid Park
1538:
1537:
1462:
1449:
1433:
1418:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1378:Official website
1364:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1333:. Archived from
1327:
1321:
1320:
1313:"Lions' Stadium"
1309:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1283:. Archived from
1273:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1197:. Archived from
1191:
1185:
1184:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1092:. Archived from
1086:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1044:. Archived from
1038:"Prefabrication"
1034:
1028:
1027:
1022:. Archived from
1012:
1006:
1005:
1000:. Archived from
990:
984:
983:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
942:
936:
935:
928:
922:
921:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
883:
877:
876:
869:
863:
862:
860:
859:
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
811:
805:
803:
796:
790:
789:
787:
785:
770:
751:Real Madrid C.F.
578:' home field of
406:The backyard of
372:Memorial Stadium
228:stadium in
174:playing surfaces
116:
106:
64:
62:
57:
36:
29:
25:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2656:Artificial turf
2641:
2640:
2639:
2630:
2582:
2511:
2444:
2377:
2310:
2249:
2206:
2195:
2184:
2146:
2140:
2129:DSL Astros Blue
2071:
2065:
2024:
1928:
1882:
1865:
1859:
1830:
1809:
1743:
1699:"The Hot Tub" (
1598:
1566:
1561:
1529:
1470:Expansion Draft
1460:
1454:
1447:
1431:
1428:Established in
1420:
1416:
1413:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1362:Wayback Machine
1353:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1231:blogs.lt.vt.edu
1225:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1070:on 24 June 2016
1058:
1057:
1053:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1014:
1013:
1009:
992:
991:
987:
974:
973:
969:
959:
957:
944:
943:
939:
931:
929:
925:
917:
915:
911:
901:
899:
884:
880:
875:. 20 June 2016.
871:
870:
866:
857:
855:
842:
841:
837:
828:
826:
813:
812:
808:
799:
797:
793:
783:
781:
772:
771:
764:
760:
716:
633:
606:Super Bowl VIII
480:in 2004 at the
454:Cincinnati Reds
435:
409:The Brady Bunch
394:Dalton, Georgia
311:
202:
170:artificial turf
164:is an American
155:
119:
110:
100:
93:
86:
80:
60:
58:
55:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2674:
2664:
2663:
2661:Houston Astros
2658:
2653:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2557:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:1960 · 1961 ·
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Houston Strong
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1723:"Holy Toledo!"
1719:
1712:
1705:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:Crawford Boxes
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:Houston, Texas
1442:
1436:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:Houston Astros
1412:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1371:
1370:External links
1368:
1366:
1365:
1347:
1322:
1304:
1290:
1287:on 2007-02-25.
1268:
1254:
1236:
1218:
1204:
1186:
1168:
1150:
1132:
1106:
1081:
1051:
1048:on 2013-09-26.
1029:
1026:on 2013-09-26.
1007:
1004:on 2013-04-08.
985:
967:
950:prnewswire.com
937:
923:
909:
878:
864:
835:
806:
791:
761:
759:
756:
755:
754:
742:
741:
715:
712:
711:
710:
693:
692:
679:
678:
665:
664:
647:
646:
632:
629:
628:
627:
624:Molson Stadium
614:
613:
594:Miami Dolphins
584:
583:
566:
565:
554:
551:Royals Stadium
549:home field of
541:home field of
529:
528:
503:
502:
464:, October 1990
434:
431:
430:
429:
398:
397:
384:
383:
362:
361:
358:Houston Astros
344:
343:
323:Houston Astros
310:
307:
201:
198:
157:
156:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
118:
117:
109:Philip Snider
107:
96:
94:
91:
88:
87:
82:
72:
70:
66:
65:
52:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2673:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:Key personnel
1833:
1827:
1826:Texas Rangers
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Sunshine Kids
1732:
1730:
1729:Mattress Mack
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Houston Buffs
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:Union Station
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:Geronimo Park
1575:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1438:Formerly the
1437:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1337:on 2007-10-31
1336:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1214:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1163:Baltimore Sun
1160:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1096:on 2017-08-01
1095:
1091:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1064:astroturf.com
1061:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1042:astroturf.com
1039:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1020:astroturf.com
1017:
1011:
1003:
999:
998:astroturf.com
995:
989:
981:
977:
971:
955:
951:
947:
941:
934:
927:
920:
913:
897:
893:
889:
882:
874:
868:
854:on 2017-08-01
853:
849:
845:
839:
825:on 2017-06-06
824:
820:
816:
810:
802:
795:
779:
775:
769:
767:
762:
752:
749:
748:
747:
746:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:
721:
720:
708:
704:
700:
699:
698:
697:
690:
686:
685:
684:
683:
676:
672:
671:
670:
669:
662:
658:
654:
653:
652:
651:
644:
640:
639:
638:
637:
625:
621:
620:
619:
618:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
589:
588:
581:
577:
576:Buffalo Bills
573:
572:
571:
570:
563:
559:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:
534:
533:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
508:
507:
500:
496:
492:
491:
490:
489:
483:
479:
475:
470:
463:
459:
455:
451:
444:
443:Busch Stadium
439:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:
405:
404:
403:
402:
395:
391:
390:
389:
388:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
367:
366:
359:
355:
351:
350:
349:
348:
341:
337:
336:
335:
334:
328:
324:
320:
315:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
283:
279:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
241:
239:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
206:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
154:
150:
147:
146:AstroTurf.com
144:
140:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
114:
108:
104:
98:
97:
95:
89:
85:
84:United States
79:
75:
71:
67:
53:
49:
46:
43:
39:
35:
30:
22:
2623:
2616:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2559:
2547:
2484:
2477:
2460:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2355:
2328:
2321:
2194:Seasons (63)
1959:NL Central:
1864:World Series
1722:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1613:
1591:
1567:
1554:
1545:Colt Stadium
1525:All articles
1445:
1439:
1429:
1350:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:the original
1325:
1316:
1307:
1293:
1285:the original
1280:
1271:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1207:
1199:the original
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1145:the original
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1119:
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:the original
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1068:the original
1063:
1054:
1046:the original
1041:
1032:
1024:the original
1019:
1016:"AstroFlect"
1010:
1002:the original
997:
988:
979:
970:
958:. Retrieved
954:the original
949:
940:
926:
912:
900:. Retrieved
895:
891:
881:
867:
856:. Retrieved
852:the original
847:
838:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
818:
809:
794:
782:. Retrieved
778:the original
744:
743:
718:
717:
695:
694:
681:
680:
667:
666:
649:
648:
635:
634:
616:
615:
610:Rice Stadium
586:
585:
580:Rich Stadium
568:
567:
558:Fidel Castro
531:
530:
505:
504:
487:
486:
458:Barry Larkin
407:
400:
399:
386:
385:
364:
363:
346:
345:
332:
331:
288:
284:
280:
276:
260:polyethylene
253:
242:
234:
211:
190:natural turf
161:
160:
152:
99:Heard Smith
69:Headquarters
41:Company type
21:Astroturfing
888:"Turf Wars"
774:"Ownership"
626:, Montreal.
422:Vietnam War
380:Terre Haute
303:second tier
2645:Categories
2180:Geoff Blum
2175:Todd Kalas
2171:Announcers
2124:FCL Astros
2110:Single-A:
2090:Double-A:
2080:Triple-A:
1855:Joe Espada
1849:Dana Brown
1760:Killer B's
1693:Night Game
1629:Tal's Hill
1490:No-hitters
1341:2007-02-04
1281:FOX Sports
1100:2016-07-12
1060:"RootZone"
898:(3): 34–37
858:2017-05-30
829:2017-05-30
784:9 February
758:References
456:shortstop
418:Mike Brady
293:, who run
178:short-pile
166:subsidiary
137:SportGroup
92:Key people
45:Subsidiary
1984:AL West:
1939:NL West:
1853:Manager:
1843:Jim Crane
1814:Rivalries
1785:"Altuve!"
1665:Ball Four
1614:AstroTurf
1534:Ballparks
1461:Franchise
1444:Based in
1181:ThoughtCo
1125:30 August
848:AstroTurf
819:AstroTurf
815:"History"
602:Poly-Turf
596:face the
424:with the
256:FieldTurf
162:AstroTurf
27:AstroTurf
2120:Rookie:
2100:High-A:
1703:episode)
1701:Seinfeld
1505:Managers
1358:Archived
902:22 March
545:and the
482:RCA Dome
301:and the
214:Monsanto
182:Monsanto
1841:Owner:
1709:Boyhood
1607:Culture
1500:Players
1485:Records
1480:Seasons
1475:History
1074:27 June
960:27 June
249:Georgia
200:History
142:Website
78:Georgia
59: (
51:Founded
2072:Minors
1495:Awards
736:, and
562:Havana
295:soccer
245:Dalton
194:German
186:infill
133:Parent
74:Dalton
2587:2020s
2516:2010s
2449:2000s
2382:1990s
2315:1980s
2254:1970s
2200:1960s
2163:Radio
2147:Media
1619:Orbit
714:1990s
631:1980s
604:) in
433:1970s
414:Tiger
309:1960s
238:nylon
124:Owner
2625:2024
2618:2023
2610:2022
2602:2021
2595:2020
2577:2019
2570:2018
2562:2017
2555:2016
2549:2015
2543:2014
2538:2013
2533:2012
2528:2011
2523:2010
2507:2009
2502:2008
2497:2007
2492:2006
2486:2005
2479:2004
2473:2003
2468:2002
2462:2001
2456:2000
2439:1999
2432:1998
2425:1997
2419:1996
2414:1995
2409:1994
2404:1993
2399:1992
2394:1991
2389:1990
2373:1989
2368:1988
2363:1987
2357:1986
2351:1985
2346:1984
2341:1983
2336:1982
2330:1981
2323:1980
2306:1979
2301:1978
2296:1977
2291:1976
2286:1975
2281:1974
2276:1973
2271:1972
2266:1971
2261:1970
2245:1969
2240:1968
2235:1967
2230:1966
2225:1965
2220:1964
2215:1963
2210:1962
2059:2020
2054:2015
2050:AL:
2044:2005
2039:2004
2035:NL:
2018:2024
2013:2023
2008:2022
2003:2021
1998:2019
1993:2018
1988:2017
1978:2001
1973:1999
1968:1998
1963:1997
1953:1986
1948:1981
1943:1980
1922:2022
1917:2021
1912:2019
1907:2017
1903:AL:
1897:2005
1893:NL:
1878:2022
1873:2017
1748:Lore
1432:1962
1127:2021
1076:2014
962:2014
904:2018
786:2019
745:1999
738:1987
734:1985
730:1980
724:The
719:1993
696:1989
682:1987
668:1985
650:1984
636:1980
617:1975
592:The
587:1974
574:The
569:1973
537:The
532:1972
511:The
506:1971
493:The
488:1970
472:The
401:1969
387:1968
365:1967
347:1966
338:The
333:1964
325:and
230:1966
172:for
61:1964
54:1964
515:'s
513:CFL
378:in
374:at
220:in
113:COO
103:CEO
2647::
2155:TV
1315:.
1279:.
1247:.
1229:.
1179:.
1161:.
1118:.
1062:.
1040:.
1018:.
996:.
978:.
948:.
894:.
890:.
846:.
817:.
765:^
732:,
663:).
608:–
247:,
81:,
76:,
1408:e
1401:t
1394:v
1344:.
1319:.
1301:.
1265:.
1233:.
1183:.
1165:.
1129:.
1103:.
1078:.
982:.
964:.
906:.
896:1
861:.
832:.
788:.
740:.
709:.
527:.
396:.
382:.
115:)
111:(
105:)
101:(
63:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.