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645:, to ask that he face the Spanish at Tucumán. Arriving in Tucumán on 13 September, Belgrano met Balcarce with 400 men – without uniforms and with only lances for weapons, but well organized – and the city ready to support them. Belgrano, historians say, did not need more than that pretext to disobey the Triumvirate's retreat orders and stay. He said he would stay if they supplied him with 1,500 cavalry troops, and if they gave him 20,000 silver pesos for the troops, amounts that the legislature decide to grant. Therefore, he ignored the Triumvirate's orders of retreat and instead entrenched in Tucumán.
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At the same time, Tristán was evaluating the loss of his ammunition, most of his artillery and supplies; he ordered the rest of his army, which had lost more than a thousand men between dead and wounded, to form and advance on the city and demand their surrender under threat of burning it. Díaz Vélez
726:
On the other side of the front the results were very different where
Belgrano was fighting. The royalist's cavalry and infantry advance was unstoppable, with Colonel Superí being taken as prisoner. Even though the strength of the central column allowed the rebels to regain terrain and release Superí,
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charge. Belgrano ordered a response by having Warnes charge with his infantry, along with the cavalry reserve of
Captain Antonio Rodríguez, while Balcarce's cavalry charged over Tristán's left flank. The charge had a formidable effect. With lances pointed, and making loud sounds and shouts, they made
817:
The victory consolidated the work of the revolution and momentarily ended the danger of a disaster for the rebel forces. If the patriot army would have retreated as ordered, the North
Provinces would have been lost to the enemy whom, controlling a vast territory, would have reached Córdoba, where it
787:
The materiel abandoned by the
Spaniards —13 cannons, 358 muskets, 39 wagons, 70 ammunition boxes and 87 tents— would serve the Army of the North in the subsequent campaign. 450 royalists lost their lives in combat and 690, between officers and soldiers, were captured as prisoners. On their side, the
771:
The
Spaniard spent the night outside, in doubt over the course to follow; the following morning he found Belgrano's troops at his rear, who demanded his surrender through Colonel Moldes. The royalist commander responded that "the King's soldiers do not surrender", so Tristán retreated towards Salta,
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In the meantime, taking advantage of the confusion created by the fire, Belgrano, who had placed his troops in the very early morning at the North side of the town, had changed his front facing West, counting on having a clear image of Tristán's troop movements. Once he saw them, the quick advance
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In the morning of the 24th, Tristán ordered a march towards the city. Sources say that instead of taking the straight road in, he rounded the central plaza from the south, attempting to prevent a possible rebel movement towards that direction. Others say that in the village of Los
Pocitos he found
833:— had defeated the invader against orders from his government and vindicated the requests of the opposition, when they asked for help to be sent to the Army of the North. In Buenos Aires, three days after the victory was known, the First Triumvirate was overthrown in the revolution of 8 October.
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would have had with a rebel force composed of country folk without military discipline. A good portion of the gaucho cavalry broke formation to capture the mules loaded with supplies, including coins and precious metals from the royalist army. They therefore negated their use of supplies and
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the unequal advances fractured the front, creating a confused battle. The commanders had trouble seeing what was happening and often the decisions were taken by the local unit officers in the heat of battle. At that time a swarm of
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ammunition. Only the
Dragoons and regular cavalry under Balcarce stayed in formation at the front, but the loss of their supplies and baggage was enough to disorganize the royalist wing.
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towards the city, ordering him to recruit and train a cavalry troop from the local militia, and deliver letters to the rich and powerful Aráoz family, one of whose members, Lieutenant
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Tristán attempted to retreat to organize his troops, abandoning his artillery, and in the course found
Dorrego's column, virtually unprotected. Along with a troop of infantry of
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disband at their charge, retreating over their own infantry and disorganizing it to the point that, almost without resistance, the rebel cavalry reached the enemy's rearguard.
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566:. Under that effort on 25 May he raised in Jujuy the new flag he had created a few months back, and had it blessed in Jujuy's Cathedral by Father Juan Ignacio de Gorriti.
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Belgrano had organized his cavalry in two wings; the right, commanded by
Balcarce, was the bigger of the two, as it included the local gaucho troops recently recruited.
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organized by the militias were harassing them constantly. On 23 September, Tristán received the news that the rebel army was in the city and ready for battle.
585:. Civilians and military men retreated, destroying anything that could be of value to the royalists. When the Spaniards entered the city, they found it empty:
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loaded with arms and ammunition which were taken to the city, along with the cannon they could push. The rebels also took many prisoners and the flags of the
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It was deserted and in ruins, and I was horrified of the sad image of those empty houses and those silent streets after the joyful images from times gone by.
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and
Dorrego, strong in the city by now, responded by threatening to kill the prisoners, including four colonels, if Tristán set fire to the city.
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At the same time, the royalist army had a difficulty march to the south, with scarce supplies or places to stay and rest. Local
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Balcarce's mission, along with the rumours that his army was retreating to Córdoba, caused consternation in the city. The
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on the right, plus a section of Dragoons, supported the cavalry. A fourth reserve column commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel
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527:, on 20 February 1813, the victory at Tucumán allowed the Argentine troops to reaffirm the borders under their control.
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He soon realized that he did not have enough strength to defend the city, and on 23 August he ordered a massive
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of Buenos Aires and Tucumán. Belgrano was offered a promotion to Captain General, but he declined the honor.
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Belgrano, at the time not knowing the result, was attempting to reorganize his troops when he found Colonel
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over Tristán's flank barely gave him time to reorganize his front and mount the artillery formation.
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On 27 October they celebrated a thanksgiving mass; in the procession that carried the statue of the
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bells rang and the legislature, in public session decided to send three representatives – officers
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had placed Belgrano in command of the Army of the North on 27 February 1812, headquartered in
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The victory also had important political consequences, as Belgrano – who had allies in the
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On orders from the Triumvirate, the Army of the North had to create a stronghold in
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appeared on the fields, which obscured the battlefield and confused the soldiers.
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562:. From there Belgrano attempted to raise the morale of the troops after the
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while being followed and harassed by 600 men commanded by Díaz Vélez.
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All of their names are commemorated with street names in Buenos Aires
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would have been easier to receive the help from the royalists at the
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Moldes and Holmberg would leave the army, but Belgrano would gain
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allowed the army soldiers to wear a medal with the inscription:
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The infantry was divided in three columns, commanded by Colonel
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It is impossible to know what effect charging from there in a
543:), was again under royalist control after the rebel defeat at
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Memorias postumas del brigadier general d. Jose M. Paz
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Battles of the Spanish American wars of independence
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Historia de Belgrano y de la Independencia Argentina
698:The artillery initiated the battle, bombarding the
573:of all the civilian population to the interior of
348:
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495:was fought on 24 and 25 September 1812 near the
1191:Equestrian monument to General Manuel Belgrano
1274:Retroversion of the sovereignty to the people
1217:
987:
780:"Even though the victory at Tucumán", writes
637:and Rudecindo Alvarado and the priest doctor
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2659:Battles of the Argentine War of Independence
846:"The Motherland to the defenders of Tucumán"
788:defenders only had 80 dead and 200 wounded.
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551:was easily defeated by the royalist army.
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826:) and the Portuguese troops from Brazil.
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1315:British invasions of the Río de la Plata
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625:The decision: consolidate or give battle
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2583:Exposición Internacional del Centenario
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814:, where the royalists had entrenched.
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1571:Argentine Declaration of Independence
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484:Spanish American wars of independence
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1299:The Representation of the Landowners
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842:"La Patria a su defensor en Tucumán"
605:Belgrano cannot be forgiven ...
581:retreat that was later known as the
547:, where the inexperienced commander
107:Provinces of Rio de la Plata victory
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2588:Copa Centenario Revolución de Mayo
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1017:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
934:. University of California Press.
14:
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868:Páez de la Torre, Carlos (1987).
706:battalions, who responded with a
277:Battle of Tucumán (South America)
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808:Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales
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1954:José Ignacio Fernández Maradona
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593:Tristán wrote to his superior,
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2381:Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros
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1939:José Antonio Olmos de Aguilera
1489:Second Banda Oriental campaign
1430:Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers
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350:Upper Peru Campaigns 1810–1817
1:
2431:Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante
1591:Revolution of October 8, 1812
1233:Argentine War of Independence
1170:Belgranian National Institute
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893:. La Revista, p. 53, note 1
738:, they recovered thirty nine
505:Argentine War of Independence
466:Argentine War of Independence
28:Argentine War of Independence
2486:Francisco Narciso de Laprida
2113:Antonio González de Balcarce
1366:Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros
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470:Bolivian War of Independence
129:Provinces of Río de la Plata
7:
2669:History of Tucumán Province
2436:José Andrés Pacheco de Melo
2361:Justo de Santa María de Oro
2088:Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
1904:José Simón García de Cossio
1617:
959:Portal Informativo de Salta
683:at the center, and Captain
487:Royalist territories in red
305:Battle of Tucumán (America)
10:
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2406:Pedro Francisco de Uriarte
1979:Feliciano Antonio Chiclana
1969:Pedro Francisco de Uriarte
1479:Liniers Counter-revolution
1469:Second Upper Peru campaign
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619:Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid
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2027:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
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1964:Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo
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1464:First Upper Peru campaign
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280:Show map of South America
249:Location within Argentina
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88:26.8374111°S 65.2169611°W
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2391:Mariano Sánchez de Loria
2289:Andrés Pardo de Figueroa
1909:Juan Francisco Tarragona
1757:Francisco Javier de Elío
1452:Campaigns & Theaters
1396:Campaigns & Theaters
1371:Francisco Javier de Elío
711:the royalist cavalry of
599:José Manuel de Goyeneche
93:-26.8374111; -65.2169611
2456:Cayetano José Rodríguez
2441:José Ignacio de Gorriti
2319:Pedro Ignacio de Rivera
1934:Juan Ignacio de Gorriti
1929:Francisco de Gurruchaga
1667:Martín Miguel de Güemes
511:, commanded by General
2595:Argentina Bicentennial
2446:Manuel Antonio Acevedo
2411:Esteban Agustín Gazcón
2284:José Miguel de Cabrera
2259:Ramón Eduardo Anchoris
2209:Carlos María de Alvear
2179:Vicente López y Planes
2108:Ignacio Álvarez Thomas
2093:Carlos María de Alvear
2050:Nicolás Rodríguez Peña
1974:Nicolás Rodríguez Peña
1752:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1642:Carlos María de Alvear
1435:Regiment of Patricians
1186:National Flag Memorial
872:. Plus Ultra, p. 185.
793:Virgen de las Mercedes
661:burning fields set by
607:
591:
488:
158:Commanders and leaders
2679:September 1812 events
2674:San Miguel de Tucumán
2229:José Fermín Sarmiento
2161:Assembly of Year XIII
2055:Antonio Álvarez Jonte
1944:Manuel Ignacio Molina
1657:José Gervasio Artigas
1459:Crossing of the Andes
1325:Chuquisaca Revolution
1076:Battle of Campichuelo
679:on the left, captain
603:
587:
519:commanded by General
501:San Miguel de Tucumán
482:
252:Show map of Argentina
204:Casualties and losses
2578:Argentina Centennial
2476:José Mariano Serrano
2426:Eduardo Pérez Bulnes
2396:Pedro Ignacio Rivera
2356:José Antonio Cabrera
2304:Simón Díaz de Ramila
2294:José Mariano Serrano
2279:Cosme Damián Urtubey
1914:Manuel Felipe Molina
1688:Bernardino Rivadavia
1414:Argentine Combatants
1356:Rafael de Sobremonte
1264:Age of Enlightenment
1128:Battle of Vilcapugio
930:Rock, David (1987).
736:Eustaquio Díaz Vélez
554:The orders from the
539:region (present-day
246:class=notpageimage|
56:24–25 September 1812
44:by Francisco Fortuny
2386:José Severo Malabia
2366:José Ignacio Thames
2338:Congress of Tucumán
2249:Agustín José Donado
2244:Juan Ramón Balcarce
2219:Bernardo Monteagudo
2214:Tomás Antonio Valle
1884:Miguel de Azcuénaga
1817:Miguel de Azcuénaga
1731:Santiago de Liniers
1361:Santiago de Liniers
1081:Battle of Paraguarí
1022:Telégrafo Mercantil
932:Argentina 1516-1987
870:Historia de Tucumán
801:General of his Army
615:Juan Ramón Balcarce
308:Show map of America
218:13 cannons captured
183:Juan Pío de Tristán
152:Viceroyalty of Peru
84: /
40:Battle of Tucumán,
2416:Pedro Miguel Aráoz
2346:Tomás de Anchorena
2299:Ángel Mariano Toro
2269:Francisco Argerich
2128:Juan Pedro Aguirre
2098:Juan José Viamonte
2037:Second Triumvirate
2017:Feliciano Chiclana
2012:Manuel de Sarratea
1984:Atanasio Gutiérrez
1827:Juan José Castelli
1652:José de San Martín
838:Second Triumvirate
639:Pedro Miguel Aráoz
549:Juan José Castelli
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2664:1812 in Argentina
2649:Conflicts in 1812
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2376:Gerónimo Salguero
2351:Juan Agustín Maza
2309:Gregorio Ferreira
2184:José Julián Pérez
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2080:Supreme Directors
2060:José Julián Pérez
2004:First Triumvirate
1924:José Julián Pérez
1874:Cornelio Saavedra
1807:Cornelio Saavedra
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1647:Cornelio Saavedra
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1484:Paraguay campaign
1425:Army of the North
1420:Army of the Andes
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1330:La Paz revolution
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1133:Battle of Ayohuma
1118:Battle of Tucumán
1108:Flag of Argentina
1086:Battle of Tacuarí
1068:Paraguay campaign
797:Our Lady of Mercy
556:First Triumvirate
509:Army of the North
493:Battle of Tucumán
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21:Battle of Tucumán
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2461:José Darragueira
2421:Tomás Godoy Cruz
2401:Pedro León Gallo
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2224:Mariano Perdriel
2204:Gervasio Posadas
2169:Hipólito Vieytes
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1959:Hipólito Vieytes
1949:Marcelino Poblet
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1010:Political career
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564:defeat at Huaqui
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1994:Joaquín Campana
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1822:Manuel Belgrano
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76:26°50′14.68″S
67:
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42:oil on canvas
37:
32:
29:
24:
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16:
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2571:Celebrations
2189:Pedro Agrelo
2123:José Rondeau
2103:José Rondeau
1866:Junta Grande
1586:Jujuy Exodus
1564:Other events
1549:
1393:Combatants
1162:
1117:
1113:Jujuy Exodus
964:(in Spanish)
956:(in Spanish)
931:
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597:'s viceroy,
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583:Éxodo Jujeño
568:
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391:
116:Belligerents
79:65°13′1.06″W
15:
2254:Pedro Vidal
2199:Juan Larrea
2194:José Moldes
2070:Juan Larrea
1989:Juan Alagón
1894:Juan Larrea
1837:Juan Larrea
1788:Governments
1535:San Lorenzo
762:José Moldes
677:José Superí
412:Tambo Nuevo
211:200 wounded
91: /
68:, Argentina
2643:Categories
2150:Congresses
1555:Vilcapugio
967:LaGuía2000
924:References
744:Cotabambas
700:Cotabambas
650:irregulars
537:Upper Peru
450:La Tablada
407:Vilcapugio
402:Pequereque
214:450 killed
199:13 cannons
1716:Royalists
1510:Chacabuco
1269:Carlotism
1179:Monuments
1042:Inca plan
1027:Carlotism
856:Footnotes
822:(today's
755:regiments
693:artillery
497:Argentine
368:Cotagaita
209:80 killed
197:3,000 men
194:1,800 men
2619:Flag day
1745:Civilian
1724:Military
1681:Civilian
1635:Military
1628:Patriots
1540:Suipacha
1104:Creation
887:(1855).
850:Cabildos
663:dragoons
643:Belgrano
499:city of
373:Suipacha
189:Strength
61:Location
26:Part of
1618:Leaders
1550:Tucumán
1545:Tacuarí
1505:Ayohuma
1399:Battles
1292:Economy
1106:of the
824:Uruguay
776:Results
748:Abancay
729:locusts
708:bayonet
704:Abancay
631:Cabildo
611:Córdoba
571:retreat
541:Bolivia
531:Prelude
455:Sopahuy
417:Ayohuma
392:Tucumán
66:Tucumán
2554:Legacy
1515:Huaqui
1402:Events
1308:Events
1246:Causes
938:
740:wagons
713:Tarija
656:Action
545:Huaqui
507:. The
431:Viluma
378:Huaqui
104:Result
1530:Salta
1520:Maipú
812:Salta
782:Mitre
641:— to
577:in a
560:Jujuy
397:Salta
936:ISBN
836:The
750:and
702:and
595:Perú
535:The
491:The
445:Yavi
53:Date
2645::
901:^
803:.
757:.
746:,
601::
1225:e
1218:t
1211:v
995:e
988:t
981:v
944:.
844:(
795:(
342:e
335:t
328:v
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