Black Army of Hungary

1079:(Mačva), and Peter Sobi Ban of Bosnia-Croatia-Dalmatia, with the last dying in the assault. Before the siege began, Matthias offered Švehla the chance to return to his service in exchange for an unconditional surrender on all grounds. After a refusal, he immediately began the siege and the cannon firing despite the harsh winter conditions. Švehla and his 2,500 men (and additional citizens) resisted the superior besiegers, but food storages reached extremely low levels and all the efforts to break out were unsuccessful, so he decided to capitulate twice to Matthias with the aforementioned taking his revenge in rejecting it. After three weeks, Švehla feigned a breakout attempt in the front while getting out from the rear through a water channel. Though his physically weak and exhausted entourage of 2,000 infantry tried to elude the besieging forces, they were not fast enough to escape safely. Balázs Magyar and Pál Kinizsi rode down to the fort of 530:... we regard the armored heavy infantry as a wall, who never give up their place, even if they are slaughtered to the last one of them, on the very spot they are standing. Light soldiers perform breakouts depending on the occasion, and when they are already tired or sense severe danger, they return behind the armoured soldiers, organizing their lines and collecting power, and stay there until, on occasion, they may break forth again. In the end, all of the infantry and shooters are surrounded by armoured and shielded soldiers, just as those were standing behind a rampart. Since, the greater pavieses, put next to each other in a circle, show the picture of a fortress, and are similar to a wall, in the protection whereof the infantry and all the ones standing in the middle, fight like from behind tower-walls or rampart, and they occasionally break out of there. 1239: 1258: 968: 4463: 4410: 4369: 4334: 4294: 4287: 4134: 4099: 4063: 4027: 3827: 3792: 3785: 3749: 3714: 3702: 3695: 3659: 3618: 3611: 3604: 3568: 3556: 3549: 3509: 3502: 3461: 3454: 3418: 3383: 3348: 3311: 3260: 3225: 3218: 3183: 3139: 3104: 3069: 3034: 2990: 2981: 2940: 2933: 2926: 2919: 2912: 2905: 2879: 2872: 2865: 2858: 2851: 2844: 2837: 2796: 2759: 2724: 2689: 2654: 2647: 2608: 2533: 2446: 2402: 2369: 2362: 2327: 2320: 2283: 2276: 2230: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2202: 2098: 2021: 1980: 1971: 1923: 1881: 1827: 1820: 1808: 1801: 1789: 1773: 1766: 1727: 1692: 1660: 1609: 1560: 1507: 1472: 447:

Empire had 1,800,000 per year. In contrast to popular belief, historians have speculated for decades that the actual sum altogether could circle around 800,000 florins in a good year at the peak of Matthias's reign, but never surpassed the financial threshold of one million florins, a previously commonly accepted number. In 1467, Matthias Corvinus reformed the coin system for easier accumulation of taxes and manageable disbursements and introduced an improved dinar, which had a finer silver content (500‰) and weighed half a gram. He also re-established its ratio, where one florin of gold equaled 100 dinars of silver, which was so stable that it remained in place until the mid-16th century.

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them with pages, each of them requires one page per armor and shield and double bounty. Then there are the handgunners ... These are very practical, set behind the shield-bearers at the start of the battle, before the armies engage, and in defense. Nearly all of the infantry and arbusiers are surrounded by armored soldiers and shield-bearers, as if they were standing behind a bastion. The large shields set together in a circle present the appearance of a fort and similar to a wall in whose defense the infantry and all those among them fight almost as if from behind bastion walls or ramparts and at the given moment break out from it.

1623: 4680: 454:, who received double the money; and the archers, light infantry and arquebusiers, with the latter consisting of mostly Czechs, Germans and Poles (all paid differently). Medieval gunpowder was quite expensive, so the King preferred adapting Hussite tactics to mounted warfare (based on defense, placing infantry behind wagon blockades or tall pavises, while the cavalry constantly harassed the enemy and guarded the "middle") and preferred archery to fusiliers, with the latter being engaged at the very start of the battle. With firearm production being made available by local marksmen in Transylvania, especially in 571: 1250: 700:). Their field of operation was scouting, securing, prowling, cutting enemy supply lines, and disarraying them in battle. They also served as an additional maneuverable flank (for swooping advance attacks) to strong centers of heavy cavalry. The medieval Hungarian written sources spoke disparagingly and contemptuously of the light cavalry and the hussars in general, and during battles the texts praised only the virtues, endurance, courage, training and achievements of the knights. During the Middle Ages, Hungarian soldiers of noble origin served exclusively as heavy armoured cavalry. 4417: 2467: 1567: 1514: 31: 3866: 2488: 928: 769: 4985:'s unexpected attack took the town by storm. Ahead of his 7,000 horsemen, he broke through its wooden fences and pillaged the town, burned the houses and took the population as prisoners. Their goal was to rob the treasury of the episcopate, but were resisted by the refugees and clergy in the bishop's castle (at the time the bishop's rank was absent, and no records mention the identity of a possible captain). The town fell but the castle stood, forcing the Turks to give up the fight after one day of siege. While retreating, they devastated the surrounding areas. 3707: 3623: 3561: 3514: 3466: 3267: 3146: 2997: 2898: 2886: 2479: 2045: 267:, which was an unusual ratio at the time. The high price of medieval gunpowder prevented them from raising it any further. Even a decade after the disbandment of the Black Army, by the turn of the 16th century, only around 10% of the soldiers of Western European armies used firearms. The main troops of the army were the infantry, artillery and light and heavy cavalry. The function of the heavy cavalry was to protect the light armoured infantry and artillery, while the other corps delivered sporadic, surprise assaults on the enemy. 4641: 2453: 2108: 2031: 1834: 996:

previously fighting under the Hungarian flag, they were as difficult to eliminate as the Black Army was to its enemies. However, they could be outnumbered, since it was always a flank or division which quit the campaign. An easier solution was to have the captain accept some lands and castles to be mortgaged in return of service (in one occasion the forts of Ricsó (Hričovský hrad) and Nagybiccse (Bytča) to František Hag). An example of mass desertion occurred in 1481 when a group of 300 horsemen joined the opposing

956: 598:: the most common swords of the era originated from southern Europe. They were one metre long, designed to cut rather than thrust, with an S-shaped crossguard. As in many medieval swords, the heavy pommel balanced the blade and could be used for striking in close combat. The other version, which became popular in the second half of the century, was of similar design except for the quillon, which was curved towards the blade for the purpose of breaking or clinching the enemy's blade. The 130–140 cm long 1266: 4787: 4609: 4141: 1930: 1782: 1616: 1465: 1286: 4861:. Although the Counts Szentgyörgyi commenced using their title in their deeds, in the Kingdom of Hungary, public law did not distinguish them from other nobles. The tide turned when they were pleased by Matthias' promises, changed their affiliation and joined forces with him. The second battle thus was successful in defending the Hungarian crown and the integrity of the nobility. The precise location of the battle is unknown since the historical records only guess where it could have situated. 4754: 4718: 4687: 4180: 3991: 1458: 4646: 3274: 2458: 2393: 2386: 2377: 2157: 2113: 2036: 1888: 1839: 297: 4252: 4216: 4909:

attempting to besiege Kassa by taking the city before him and fortifying themselves in. The prince turned to Nitra instead and occupied it. Matthias arrived there to liberate the city with his army of 16,000 mercenaries and banderias (banners). From this point on, the events are unclear; what is sure is that Casimir retreated with an escort cavalry and the rest of the Polish main forces were released shortly after. Finally the conflict was settled in the

314: 980: 1302: 886: 1278: 2054: 496:(Nándorfehérvár) in 1456, where the fleet played a significant role in breaking through the Turkish river blockade to bring relief to the besieged city, showed its importance and signaled the beginning of a recognition of its significance. It also encouraged King Matthias to build a larger and better-equipped navy. Since they were manned by South Slavs, mainly Serbs and Croats, the two major ports of operations were Belgrade and Szabács ( 7436: 6051: 1175:, but their payment of 46,000 forints was late again, so they robbed the neighboring monasteries, churches, peasants and fiefdoms. After their dues were paid, appointed captain Steven Báthory gathered an army of 40,000 soldiers and began the siege in June 1491, which lasted for a month. More minor cities were recaptured, and without further support from the German nobility, Maximilian agreed to negotiate, and in the end, he signed the 757: 350:, literally "gates"), a noble was ordered to raise and lend one archer to the king. Later, that obligation was reconsidered, and the limit was shifted to one archer per 33 manors and three mounted archers per 100 manors. Those who did not have serfs but owned manors as a noble had to join a regional count in state of war. No significant number of mercenaries were present in the Hungarian Army during Matthias' early years. (In the 1463 942: 4422: 2472: 1572: 1519: 914: 4299: 1794: 2407: 1813: 2497: 422:– according to their promise – covered the expenses (unfortunately for the Hungarians, this financial aid was postponed from time to time). The first major and mass conscription of mercenaries appeared during the Bohemian Wars (1468–1478), whereas the core of his royal infantry, a force of 6,000–8,000 armed men, were incorporated into the Black Army (the origins of the moniker could also come from this era). 8603: 709: 1310: 1319: 1294: 900: 747:: throwing axes could also have had some role in light cavalry tactics. It was made from one piece of metal, with a short engraved haft. If the arc of the blade is almost flat or slightly curved, it is called the "Hungarian-type axe". A subsidiary to the aforementioned beaked pickaxe was also favoured: it had a beak-like, protruding edge, resulting in a stronger piercing effect. 500:). In 1475, concomitantly with the introduction of field guns, he ordered the installation of artillery onto the river barges as well as bombards able to shoot cannonballs ranging from 100 to 200 pounds (45 to 91 kg). In 1479, he had a mixed fleet of 360 vessels, a crew of 2600 sailors, and a capacity of 10,000 soldiers on board. Matthias also secured an exit to the 1210:, where they continued to pillage the countryside. The prisoners were escorted to Buda, where the Black Army was officially disbanded and they were allowed to leave abroad under the condition never to come back and claim their payment. They joined the forces already in Austria. They confronted Count Georg Eynczinger on 7 May 1493, at 1190:, also in 1490. John Corvinus accepted Vladislaus as his feudal lord and helped him in his coronation (he personally handed the crown to him). Vladislaus married the widowed Queen Beatrice in order to acquire her assets of 500,000 forints. This would have allowed him to cover the expenses of the Black Army stationed in 1159:, which was built by mercenary captain Wilhelm Tettauer, resisted quite successfully for a month. Due to lack of payment, some of the Black Army mercenaries, mostly Czechs, switched sides and joined the Holy Roman army of 20,000 men in invading Hungary. They advanced into the heart of Hungary and captured the city of 439:, the King could have gathered an army of 90,000 men. The nobility's participation in the battlefield was ignored by the time their support could have been redeemed in gold later on. The cities were also relieved of paying war levies if they supplied the craftsmanship and weapon production to equip the military. 582:: the lance was the principal assault weapon of the tilting heavy cavalry. They were up to four metres long, ranging from the classical lance type with a lengthened spearhead (often decorated with animal tails, flags or other ornaments) to the short conical spearheaded, one designed for piercing heavy armour. A 1091:

Kosztolány, he also offered František Hag – officer member of the resistance group – captainship in the Black Army, since he found him skilled enough. In another case in 1474, František Hag revolted due to lack of pay, but the conflict ended without violence, and he remained Matthias' subject until his death.

1068:), he was reinforced by knight Georg Pottendorfer with his 600 crusader cavalry. This totaled 8,000–10,000 men ready to besiege, who began an assault after taking some minor fortifications on 1 January 1467. The vanguards of the Black Army officers were all present against their former ally. They included the 5033:, which was still in the hands of the Holy Roman Emperor. The inhabitants sought protection against the Ottomans and so let Haugwitz's army into the city, successfully repelling the siege. After the relief of the beleaguerment, the Hungarians continued to hold the city until the death of Matthias in 1490 4870:

Matthias' attack followed a papal call for crusade against the heretic Bohemian king. He was promised that Frederick III would join, but it remained oral aid. The defeat at Vilémov happened to be a surrender by Matthias without actual battle due to him wrongly choosing the battleground. He was easily

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Infantry was less important but formed a stable basis in the integrity of an army. They were organized from mixed ethnicities and were composed of heavy infantry, shielded soldiers, light infantry and fusiliers. Their characteristics include the combination of plate and mail armour and the use of the

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At the height of the century, heavy cavalry was already at its peak, although it showed signs of declining tendencies. The striking power and the ability to charge without backup made it capable of forcing a decisive outcome in most battles. Although it was rarely deployed on their own, if it was, it

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József Bánlaky (1929). "b) Az 1483–1489. évi hadjárat Frigyes császár és egyes birodalmi rendek ellen. Mátyás erőlködései Corvin János trónigényeinek biztosítása érdekében. A király halála." [B. The campaign of 1483–1489 against Frederick and some imperial estates. Struggle of Matthias to secure

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In case of emergency, a last chance existed for the actual king in power to mobilize the population suddenly. Every noble, no matter his social class, had to participate in person with his weaponry and all of his personal guards made available. These were the estate armies. Whenever they were called

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In the beginning, the core of the army consisted of 6,000–8,000 mercenaries. In the 1480s, the number was between 15,000 and 20,000, but the figures in the great Viennese military parade reached 28,000 men (20,000 horsemen, 8,000 infantry) in 1485. Thus the Black Army was far larger than the army of

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commissioned by Matthias refers to it as being a siege, which resulted in heavy loss for the besieged due to famine for the first wave. He states that the second wave of Poles was slaughtered by peasants and citizens while marching home, while the prince fled days before, after meeting Matthias and

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pavises (these painted willow-wood large shields were often ornamented and covered with leather and linen). The latter served multiple purposes: to hold off enemy attacks, to cover ranged infantry shooting from behind (fusiliers engage first, the archers fire constantly), and moveable hussite-style

8375:

József Bánlaky (1929). "31. Az alkudozások és a kis háborúskodás folytatása Frigyes császárral. Kinizsi 1481–1482. évi délvidéki hadjáratai. Békekötés Bajezid szultánnal." [31. The bargaining and hostility continues with Emperor Frederick. Kinizsi's campaign of 1481–1482 to south. Peace treaty

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József Bánlaky (1929). "Trónöröklési és királyválasztási viszályok Mátyás halála után. A csonthegyi ütközet 1490 július 4-én. Ulászló királlyá választása." [Feud over the succession and king election after the death of Matthias. The battle of Csonthegy on 4 July 1490. Vladislas elected King of

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where he was about to take the city without resistance. Meanwhile, Matthias was able to settle his dispute with the rebelling factions and convinced them to take his side. The parties agreed and so did Zápolya along with Nicolaus Chiupor de Monoszló who stopped the approaching Polish invasion from

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The disadvantage of having periodically or occasionally paid recruits was that if their money had not arrived on time, they simply left the battlefield, or – in a worse scenario – they revolted, as happened in several instances. Since they were the same skilled men-at-arms led by the same leaders

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were all adapted depending on the social class and nationality of the infantrymen. The 15th-century type of halberd was a transition that mixed an axe blade with an awl-pike, sometimes affixed with a "beak" that was used to pull a knight off his horse and to increase its piercing impact. They were

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to the households, and occasionally, they collected the royal dues twice a year during wartime. Counting the vassals' tribute, the western contributions, the local nobility's war payment, the tithes, and the urban taxes, Matthias's annual income reached 650,000 florins; for comparison, the Ottoman

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Hungary's Black Army traditionally encompasses the years from 1458 to 1494. The mercenary soldiers of other countries in the era were conscripted from the general population at times of crisis, and soldiers worked as bakers, farmers, brick-makers, etc. for most of the year. In contrast, the men of

5025:. The Austro-Hungarian wars mobilized the Christian troops out of the area thus the Ottomans chose to interfere. Having been informed of the Ottoman approach Matthias sent John Haugwitz and his 1,500 mercenaries to face the Ottomans. After their arrival Haugwitz realized that the several thousand 1090:

Matthias condemned him to be hanged along with the remaining few hundred prisoners. This was a rather violent act regarding the campaigns of King Matthias Corvinus. On the very next day, 31 January 1467, witnessing the executions, the garrison asked for mercy, and it was granted; and after taking

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Arquebusiers: These gunpowder troops charged in the early stages of battle. Their aiming ability, price and the danger of primitive hand cannons (self-exploding) prevented them from being highly effective, especially against smaller groups of people or hand-to-hand combat. A distinctive Hungarian

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Archery: The most valuable archers were the crossbowmen. Their number in Matthias' service reached 4,000 in the 1470s. They used sabres as a secondary weapon (which was unusual for infantry in those ages). Their primary advantage was the ability to shoot heavy armour, while the disadvantages were

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The third form of the army is the infantry, which divides into various orders: the common infantry, the armoured infantry, and the shield bearers. ... The armored infantry and shield bearers cannot carry their armor and shields without pages and servants, and since it is necessary to provide

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Several theories exist about the army's name. The first recorded accounts using "black" description appear in written memoranda immediately after Corvinus' death, when the rest of the army was pillaging Hungarian, and later Austrian, villages when they were receiving no pay. One idea is that they

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to the eastern provinces of Austria. Matthias realized the threat and ordered two of his "upper-land" captains to besiege Kosztolany, namely Stephen Zápolya and Ladislaus Podmaniczky. After returning from Slavonia, the king joined the siege. It is worth mentioning that here, among few occasions,

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In March 1474, Polish booty-hunter mercenary captain Peter Komorovszki had already penetrated into the upper border region of Hungary and held several forts. He supported Prince Casimir in his attempt to acquire the Hungarian throne. Fed up with his presence King Matthias launched a campaign to

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argues that the incursion happened upon invitation and that no state of war came into existence. He recalls the nobility's actions as betrayal and Casimir's steps as aid or some sort of help for the counts of Hungary. He also questions the circumstances of the retreat claiming it was a peaceful

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The Black Army was sent to the south region to fight the Ottoman invasions. While waiting for their wages, they sought plunder in the nearby villages. The National Council ordered Paul Kinizsi to stop the plundering at all costs. He arrived in Szegednic-Halászfalu in late August 1492, where he

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Maximilian immediately attacked the conquered territories in Austria in 1490. The Black Army fortified itself in the occupied forts on the western border. Most of them were captured by trickery, bribery, or citizen revolt in a few weeks without any major battles. The trenchline along the river

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was unable to cover the cost of the army. King Vladislaus II donated most of the royal estates, régales and royalties to the nobility. After the dissolution of the Black Army, the Hungarian magnates also dismantled the national administration systems and bureaucracy throughout the country. The

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surrendered without resistance. The remaining stronghold of Árva had been fortified and Komorovszki defended it himself. The standoff resulted in Matthias' offer of 8,000 gold florins in exchange for the castles, which Komorovszki accepted. He even agreed to let his mercenaries join the Black

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The Black Army was not the only large standing mercenary army of Matthias Corvinus. The border castles of the north, west and east were guarded mostly by the retinues of the local nobility, financed by the nobles' own revenues; however the Ottoman frontier zone of southern Hungary had a large

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József Bánlaky (1929). "Ulászló küzdelmei János Albert lengyel herceggel és Miksa római királlyal. Az 1492. évi budai országgyűlés főbb határozatai." [Struggle of Vladislas against prince John Albert and Holy Roman Emperor Maxinmilan. The assembly of Buda in 1492 and its sanctions.].

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After Matthias's income increased periodically, simultaneously, the number of mercenaries increased as well. Historical records vary when it comes to numbers, mainly because it changed from battle to battle and most soldiers were only employed for the duration of combat or a longer conflict.

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Czech: Matyáš Korvín, Croatian: Matijaš Korvin, German: Matthias Corvinus, Medieval Latin: Mattias Corvinus, Polish: Maciej Korwin, Romanian: Matia/Matei/Mateiaş Corvin, Serbian: Матија Корвин/Matija Korvin, Slovak: Matej Korvín, Slovene: Matija Korvin, Russian: Матьяш Корвин/Matyash Corvin

668:) was not allowed to be part of the regular army when the order of the battle was formed, but was placed outside it in quite separate groups and used to destroy, burn, kill and instil fear in the civilian population, while they rode ahead of the regular army. They assembled from the 1313:

Castle of Salgó. Occupied by – then enemy – Jan Jiskra in 1450, it was retaken by Matthias in 1460. According to tradition, Matthias was cut on his face, and the scar angered him to the point where he launched an assault on the nearby Zagyvafő and destroyed the two castles to the

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professional standing army which was paid by the king. Unlike the soldiers of the Black Army, these large mercenary garrisons were trained for castle defence. No other contemporary European realm would have been able to maintain two large parallel permanent forces for so long.

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in 1809, mainly because it relieved the participating nobles of paying their taxes; but generally, these enlisted armada played a minor role in the Black Army, since Matthias decreased their participation gradually and called them up in large numbers early in his reign.

875:(not to be confused with cannons). Three classes of handguns were distinguished: the "bearded" light guns; forked guns; the first primitive muskets (iron tube compounded with wooden grip to be pushed against the shoulder). Their calibers varied from 16 to 24 mm. 658:("twenty" in English), which refers to the drafting scheme where for every twenty serfs a noble owned, he had to equip a mounted soldier. After the Diet of Temesvár (Timişoara) of 1397, the light cavalry was institutionalized as an army division. According to 4875:. Furthermore, the succession of the Bohemian crown was set between the two kings with George ruling until his death and Matthias inheriting the throne afterwards. Matthias was set free in the counterpart though he abrogated the deal by crowning himself 562:(1479). Usually, it made up one-sixth of the army and, with mercenary knights, was in the majority. Its armament was well prepared and of high quality except for the noble banners. This stands for proprietary arms, not the ones provided by the king. 1008:, Švehla asked for royal permission to officially quit the offensive with his mercenaries due to financial difficulty. His request was denied, and as a consequence, he and two of his vice-captains left the royal banner along with their regiments. 1198:, on behalf of the new king, helped to convince Silesian Black Army leader John Haugwitz to return to duty in exchange for 100,000 forints. The Hungarian–Czech army of 18,000 met the Polish troops in December 1491 in the Battle of Eperjes ( 282:

The death of Matthias Corvinus meant the end of the Black Army. The noble estate of the parliament succeeded in reducing the tax burden by 70–80 percent, at the expense of the country's ability to defend itself, thus the newly elected king

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who claimed the throne for himself. Several magnates, such as the Újlaki family, the Garai family and the Szentgyörgy family, supported the emperor's claim and proclaimed him king against King Matthias; the emperor rewarded the brothers

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encircled by George of Poděbrady and was left with no option but to set an agreement. They met in a cottage in Ouhrov where they settled the conflict under the terms by which Matthias would help George's coronation be acknowledged by

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still under Polish possession and drove them out and intruded into Poland as well for prowling (it is worth noting that these events show remarkable similarities to those that took place two years later). While Polish historian

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József Bánlaky (1929). "11. Az 1463. évi délvidéki és boszniai hadjárat. Az ugyanezen évi tolnai országgyűlés határozatai." [The campaign of 1463 in Bosnia. The measures of the diet of Tolna in the same year.].

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were still unsatisfied with the plunder and refused to go for taking Buda. He returned to the Empire in late December but left garrisons of a few hundred soldiers in those Hungarian cities and castles he occupied.

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feature was that they did not use a fork to stabilize their guns but put it on top of the pavese instead (or in some cases, on the parapet of a wagon). Two types were simultaneously brought to practice, the

398:, to strengthen his situation at home against his rival landlords. This marks the turning point away from obsolete noble banners to skilled soldiers of fortune (in this case, they were remnants of the 729:): one type followed the tradition of southern European longswords (S-shaped crossguard), while gradually transforming into an Eastern-style blended (Turkish) sabre. The other type was the so-called 8333:

József Bánlaky (1929). "Az 1472–1474. évi főbb események. Béketárgyalások Kázmérral és Frigyes császárral." [Main events of 1472–1474. Peace talks with Casimir and Emperor Frederick.].

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no longer counted in the local noble's banner but into the army of the country (led by a captain appointed by the king) and could have been sent abroad as well. He also increased the

1087:), where they clashed. Almost all of the rioters fell, only 250 being taken prisoner. Svehla evaded capture again but was captured by peasants by the time he was too weak to fight. 1139:, when he was attacked midway at Szabaton village and suffered a defeat from which he was able to retreat. No parts of the Black Army were yet involved, as their core was stuck in 5932:

Drakóczy, István (2008). "Mátyás bevételei és a kincstár" [The incomes of Matthias and the treasury]. In Farbaky Péter; Spekner Enikő; Szende Katalin; Végh András (eds.).

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country's defenses sagged as border guards and castle garrisons went unpaid, fortresses fell into disrepair, and initiatives to increase taxes to reinforce defenses were stifled.

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Several sources differ whether a siege, sparse fightings, or retreat caused by famine occurred during the Polish-Hungarian conflict. Caused and followed by an internal revolt of

118:. In the Philostratus Chronicle, the apparent black colour of the flag used to be white (argent), but the argent paint oxidized. The reconstruction preserves the original colour. 8664: 4904:

as a pretender to the Hungarian throne. He was promised Hungarian reinforcement as the nobles were to join him when he crossed the border. He led his army of 12,000 men towards

1230:. When their plan surfaced, Paul Kinizsi intervened in May 1494 before their act could take place. He arrested the captain and his troops for treason and starved them to death. 7451: 7111: 406:

who were already plundering the northern countryside seeking daily loot. Jiskra was promised a royal pardon and two castles, Solymos and Lippa (now Şoimuş and Lipova), in the

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Though these efforts were sound, the way they were carried out was not in any way supervised. In 1458, Matthias borrowed as many as 500 heavy cavalry from the Bohemian king,

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the Black Army fought as well-paid, full-time mercenaries and were purely devoted to the arts of warfare. It was a standing mercenary army that conquered large parts of

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Battle plan at Baia depicting a typical wagon-fort formation, characteristic of Hungarian defense (and siege) strategy. Matthias was wounded in the back by arrows.

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Matthias cooperated with Frederick. He sent a strong-armoured mounted troop led by commander Ulrich von Grafeneck to help wipe out these brigades. When he reached

402:, whose battle tactics were later adapted by the Black Army). He needed more seasoned veterans, so he chose to settle a group of rogue Czech Army deserters led by 712:

Medieval coat of arms of Matthias Corvinus, guarded by Black Army heavy infantry officers. Matthias Church, Budapest. The damaged art relic was renovated in 1893.

6388: 5610: 6066: 793:, who were held in high regard by the king. The heavily armoured infantry of the Black Army consisted of heavy pikemen, heavy halberdiers and heavy swordsmen. 275:, the only other existing permanent professional European army in the era. The soldiers were mainly Czechs, Germans, Serbs, Poles and, from 1480, Hungarians. 7475: 1222:) under the leadership of Balthasar Tettauer, brother of Wilhelm Tettauer. They were so frustrated about their financial status that they allied with Ottoman 1111:

and secure his succession to the throne. Though John was the biggest estate holder in Hungary and had the command over the Black Army, his stepmother, Queen

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Saint George and Saint Florian, depicted in the armour suits of Black Army knights. Fresco of the Roman Catholic church of Pónik (now Póniky, Slovakia), 1478

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adopted the adjective from a captain, "Black" John Haugwitz, whose nickname already earned him enough recognition to be identified with the army as a whole.

8499: 5301: 4832:. It refers to Czech booty-hunters ravaging the northern regions of Hungary in the 15th century (but would submit themselves to any service for proper pay). 362:

upon, they were not allowed to fight for longer than 15 days, and their field of operations was restricted to within the borders of Hungary. The so-called

325: 967: 1214:, where they were all killed or captured and tortured to death. The last remaining mercenaries were integrated into local garrisons, such as the one in 1179:

in 1491, which included ceding the Silesian lands to him. John Haugwitz never recognized this treaty and held their possessions in Silesia afterwards.

8419: 8634: 7741: 508:

from which Matthias Balázs could embark for his maritime campaigns. King Matthias could also monitor the trade going through the Danube Delta to the

688:

with the first having serfs with lesser accoutrement and the latter generally regarded as good horse archers. They were divided into groups of 25 (

1131:, the latter on his family ties. Furthermore, the Hungarian barons invited a third pretender, the King of Bohemia and brother of John Albert, 4963:

Casimir's fear of being captured and Matthias' fear of triggering a possible "official" war with Casimir IV (reason for letting them retreat)

5792: 1151:

and Paul Kinizsi joined the pretenders' side, John Albert and Vladislaus, respectively; the latter subsequently became the recognized king.

7005: 6837: 6693: 3023: 1238: 7456: 6871: 6075: 1257: 480:) was composed of wooden galleys, rowboats (later upgraded to gunboats), and smaller ships, which were capable of sailing up the rivers 6231: 1171:

The National Council of the barons decided to recover the lost cities, especially Székesfehérvár. The Black Army was put in reserve at

1030: 8089: 760:

The ancient "Roman guards" of the tomb of Jesus Christ were depicted as contemporary infantrymen of the Kingdom of Hungary. Church of

5493: 6504: 5733: 4944:

who intervened and urged the maintenance of peace. Based upon the aforementioned, the causes of retreat might be (any or multiple):

8659: 8570: 6370: 5218: 5213: 4016: 8119: 6340: 1045:

who favoured pillaging instead of payment. Svehla established an ad hoc fort, and he appointed Jorig Lichtenburger and Vöttau as

220:

in the early 1440s. The idea of the professional standing mercenary army came from Matthias' juvenile readings about the life of

8294: 8607: 6019: 4900:, and Emeric Zápolya. Casimir IV of Poland was invited and supported by the rebelling nobles so he stepped in and sent his son 741:: the traditional Magyar composite bow and, due to heavy Eastern influence, the more powerful Turkish-Tatar bow came into play. 8247: 6392: 5614: 5335: 1182:

Meanwhile, the disappointed John Albert gathered an army at the eastern border of Hungary and attacked the vicinity of Kassa (

300:

Top: Black Army knights fought with Ottoman cavalry. Bottom: training of knights. Engraving from the Thuróczy chronicle (1488)

8614: 8437: 7899: 7859: 7710: 7344: 6978: 6764: 6214: 5945: 5899: 5755: 5653: 5532: 5385: 4950:

Casimir's disappointment with his former Hungarian allies and frustration that the project became more difficult to carry out

5577: 1194:

and upper Silesia and the cost of transporting them home to Upper Hungary to defend it from the Polish army of John Albert.

8639: 7085:

Historical discourse about the origin of the 'magnanimous szekler nation': military and civil institutes in the past times.

6645:Ágnes Kenyeres (1994). "Haugwitz János (15. sz.): zsoldosvezér" [John Haugwitz (15th century): mercenary captain]. 431:

Reckoning the nobility's banners, the mercenaries, the soldiers of conquered Moravia and Silesia, and the troops of allied

284: 7143: 1202:), which was a decisive victory for the Black Army. John Albert withdrew to Poland and renounced his claim to the throne. 30: 7919: 7243:

Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century, Volume 2, F–O

5831: 5112:

Czech: Jan Jiskra z Brandýsa, German: Johann Giskra von Brandeis, Italian:Giovanni Gressa, Slovak: Ján Jiskra z Brandýsa

4967: 4889: 7567: 6132: 5560: 1051:

for the county. The fort and its looting inhabitants had a surrounding sphere of influence ranging from the valleys of

378:, he restored the basis of 20 serfs to induct an archer (this time it was based on the number of persons). The barons' 6799: 8629: 8395: 8352: 8265: 8055: 7984: 7937: 7795: 7669: 7589: 7550: 7517: 7411: 7297: 7255: 7217: 7174: 7129: 7023: 6893: 6813: 6664: 6611: 6559: 6516: 6406: 6283: 6150: 6112: 5909: 5628: 5587: 5503: 5361: 4845: 1027:. Apart from the militia, there were religious outcasts (considered heretics) looking for shelter, including Hussite 1024: 2057: 8549: 7479: 6320: 1116: 2974: 2824: 8649: 8511: 5101:

Polish: Emeryk Zápolya, Slovak: Imrich Zápoľský, Spanish: Emérico Szapolyai (de Szepes), German: Stefan von Zips

1128: 414:. He was stationed in Bosnia to fight the Ottomans the next year. Previously, in 1462, the King sent word to his 407: 70:

Hungarian, Czech (Bohemian, Moravian, Silesian), Polish, Croatian, Serbian, Wallachian, Bavarian, Austrian, Swiss

7783: 332:

In the first years of Matthias' rule, the structure of enlisting troops was built on the legacy of his ancestor

7581: 6885: 6805: 4462: 4409: 4368: 4333: 4293: 4286: 4133: 4098: 4062: 4026: 3826: 3791: 3784: 3748: 3713: 3701: 3694: 3658: 3617: 3610: 3603: 3567: 3555: 3548: 3508: 3501: 3460: 3453: 3417: 3382: 3347: 3310: 3259: 3224: 3217: 3182: 3138: 3103: 3068: 3033: 2989: 2980: 2939: 2932: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2904: 2878: 2871: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2795: 2758: 2723: 2688: 2653: 2646: 2607: 2532: 2445: 2401: 2368: 2361: 2326: 2319: 2282: 2275: 2229: 2222: 2215: 2208: 2201: 2097: 2020: 1979: 1970: 1922: 1880: 1826: 1819: 1807: 1800: 1788: 1772: 1765: 1726: 1691: 1659: 1608: 1559: 1506: 1471: 1012: 5079:

Croatian:Blaž Mađar, Slovak: Blažej Maďar, Spanish:Blas Magyar, German:Blasius Magyar, Italian:Biagio Magiaro

955: 927: 7845: 7734: 7618: 4897: 1069: 333: 5145:

Romanian: Ștefan Báthory, German: Stephan Báthory von Ecsed, Italian: Stefano Batore, Slovak: Štefan Bátory

8644: 8443: 6917: 5228: 1107:

Before his death on 6 April 1490, King Matthias asked his captains and barons to pledge an oath to his son

263:

in the infantry, which greatly contributed to his victories. Every fourth soldier in the Black Army had an

5695: 826:, halberds, pikes, and awl-pikes; hussite/peasant weapons such as slings and flails; hand weapons such as 7650:

Franz Babinger; Ralph Manheim; William C. Hickman (19 October 1992). "Mehmed in Wallachia and Moldavia".

7339:, Hungary: Hornyánszky Viktor cs. és kir. udv. könyvnyomdája., Históriaantik Könyvesház Kiadó (reprint). 7278:

József Bánlaky (1929). "12. Az 1464. évi boszniai hadjárat." [12. The Bosnian campaign of 1464].

2542: 6489: 7818: 7661: 6142: 4922:

agrees while adding that a counterattack followed the events where Hungarians attacked the counties of

549: 321: 1273:. From left to right: Pál Kinizsi, Balázs Magyar, King Matthias, István Szapolyai and Stephen Báthory. 366:(noble "insurrection") was nothing more than an obsolete form of drafting, but it was valid until the 7478:[Raven wings above the Rába] (in Hungarian). Szombathely: Vas Népe Kiadói Kft. Archived from 1206:

dispersed the Black Army led by Haugwitz. Of the 8,000 members, 2,000 were able to escape to western

1176: 1000:

forces. One of these recorded insurrections was conducted by Jan Švehla, who accompanied Corvinus to

337: 7756: 7080:

Historiai értekezés a' nemes székely nemzet' eredetéről: hadi és polgári intézeteiről a régi időkben

5478: 1099: 8153: 7004:

Antonio Bonfini (1995) . "Negyedik tized – Nyolcadik könyv" [fourth decade – eighth book].

5263: 5248: 5243: 2615: 2150: 2091: 1989: 1849: 1622: 1132: 1023:, as the army was composed of Bohemian-Moravian professionals previously in service for George and 493: 5808: 5520: 5347: 979: 8654: 6301: 5353: 1939: 7854:]. 1984/I (in Hungarian). Vol. 74. Budapest, Hungary: Osiris Kiadó. pp. 118, 126. 7705:] (in Hungarian). Kolozsvár, Hungary: ICON Group International (reprint). pp. 145–146. 6131:

Halil İnalcık; Suraiya Faroqhi; Bruce McGowan; Donald Quataert; Sevket Pamuk (27 January 1995).

1020: 167: 8537: 8474: 8418:

Ferenc Bánhegyi (2008). "Az osztrák háborúk kezdete" [beginning of the Austrian wars].

7029: 6845: 6705: 5258: 5223: 5030: 4431: 4169: 1734: 1528: 1135:. After the barons double-crossed John Corvinus, he escaped from the capital and was moving to 107: 6471:"Miért került bitófára Svehla?" [Why was Svehla sent to the gallows?]. pp. 19–24. 5064:

Mat(t)hias Rex, Mat(t)hias Corvin, Mat(t)hias Corvinus, Mat(t)hias Hunyadi, Mat(t)hias Korwin

4913:

Contemporary historians' presentations differ on the causes of the outcome. Italian historian

4633: 1249: 1215: 1160: 586:-like vamplate protected the hand and arm. Its stability was increased with a fastening hook ( 395: 7657: 4679: 3684: 3097: 3062: 1960: 1912: 1685: 1653: 827: 570: 536: 418:

that he should hire 8,000 cavalry to start a holy war against the Ottoman Empire only if the

7441:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

6235: 6056:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

716:

Helmet, mail shirt, sabre, targe, spear and, in some cases, axes (including throwing axes).

516:, but during his reign, it was seized by the Moldavian army supported by the Ottoman fleet. 8097: 4456: 4416: 4403: 4362: 4327: 4280: 4245: 4209: 4173: 3869: 2717: 2601: 2491: 2466: 2066: 1964: 1916: 1759: 1720: 1566: 1553: 1513: 1500: 761: 607: 559: 253: 229: 4982: 4828:) is a distinctive historical and military term deriving from the same Czech word meaning 3865: 2487: 2461: 2116: 2039: 1842: 1223: 1011:

Following their breakaway, George of Poděbrady secretly supported their invasion into the

768: 8: 8466: 6728: 6646: 5989: 5761: 4919: 3176: 2713: 8184: 7617:

Szentkláray Jenő (2008). "Temesvár és vidéke" [Timișoara and its surroundings].

6776: 6439: 6130: 6107:]. Hadtörténelem fiataknak (in Hungarian). Budapest, Hungary: Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó. 8033: 7692: 7155:

József Bánlaky (1929). "Megjegyzések. Elmélkedések." [Notes. Contemplations.].

6476: 6062: 5862: 5466: 4821: 4602: 4399: 4241: 4205: 4092: 4056: 4020: 3934: 3820: 3778: 3742: 3706: 3688: 3652: 3622: 3597: 3560: 3542: 3513: 3495: 3465: 3447: 3411: 3376: 3341: 3304: 3266: 3253: 3211: 3145: 3027: 2996: 2897: 2885: 2789: 2752: 2682: 2640: 2478: 2233: 2044: 2014: 1112: 941: 606:, daggers of saw-toothed and flame-form type were applied (both with ring-guard) and a 467: 419: 272: 192: 183: 60: 7391: 6348: 6209:] (Map). 1 : 10.000.000. Kartográfiai Vállalat. 1991. p. 112. § V. 5962: 5389: 5098:

Emeric Zapolya, Emeric Zapolyai, Emeric Szapolya, Emeric Szapolyai, Emrich of Zapolya

4910: 3093: 1253:

Věnceslav Černý: Henry Podebrady's victory over the Hungarians at Uherský Brod in 1469

859:

that they required defense to protect them while moving slowly in a standing position.

450:

The army was divided into three parts: the cavalry, paid three florins per horse; the

8433: 8391: 8348: 8306: 8261: 8051: 8012: 7980: 7976: 7933: 7929: 7895: 7891: 7855: 7791: 7706: 7665: 7585: 7546: 7513: 7407: 7403: 7340: 7293: 7251: 7247: 7213: 7170: 7125: 7019: 6974: 6970: 6931: 6889: 6809: 6772: 6738: 6660: 6607: 6555: 6512: 6449: 6402: 6279: 6275: 6210: 6146: 6108: 5941: 5905: 5866: 5854: 5800: 5751: 5676: 5649: 5624: 5583: 5556: 5528: 5499: 5357: 5309: 5238: 4854: 4747: 3816: 3593: 2568: 2526: 2101: 1974: 997: 913: 843: 205: 8377: 8334: 8127: 7279: 7199: 7156: 6593: 6541: 6173: 5334:

Valery Rees: Hungary's Philosopher King: Matthias Corvinus 1458–90 (Published 1994)

4923: 1776: 1072: 885: 111: 8271: 6398: 5846: 5620: 4323: 3984: 3372: 3337: 2170: 1602: 1451: 1163:, which he sacked, as well as the tomb of King Matthias, which was kept there. His 603: 442:

King Matthias increased the serfs' taxes; he switched the basis of taxing from the

342: 237: 102:

This characteristic flag with a forked tail was reconstructed after a miniature in

6960: 5548: 5443: 4640: 3149: 3000: 2889: 2482: 2452: 2107: 2048: 2030: 1833: 163: 8429: 8037: 7696: 7651: 7241: 7078: 4914: 4893: 4876: 4127: 3980: 3895: 3851: 3407: 1874: 1755: 1242: 905: 738: 659: 614: 513: 351: 7350: 5525:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Mercenaries

4927: 4850: 3058: 2597: 2396: 2380: 1076: 8050:(in Hungarian). Budapest, Hungary: Magyar Helikon (reprint). pp. 360–362. 7372:

Albert Weber (2021). "The 1476 campaign in Serbia and Bosnia - Vlad's sequel".

7326: 6956: 5850: 4743: 3132: 2244: 2125: 1626: 1265: 1211: 819: 807: 367: 252:), the other important victory of the army was won against the Ottomans at the 8206: 7943: 5938:

Matthias Hunyadi, the king. Tradition and renewal in the royal court 1458–1490

5870: 5839:

Human Affairs, A Postdisciplinary Journal for Humanities & Social Sciences

4932: 4844:

Matthias I was proclaimed king by the Estates, but he had to wage war against

1285: 899: 159: 135:

Holy Roman Empire, Bohemia, Poland, Serbia, Bosnia, Moldavia, Wallachia, Italy

8623: 7649: 7447: 7442: 7121: 7118:

Heraldry of the (noble) families of Hungary with genealogical tables, 2. book

6079:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 900–901. 6070: 6057: 5934:

Hunyadi Mátyás, a király. Hagyomány és megújulás a királyi udvarban 1458–1490

5858: 5495:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 1

5349:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume I

5253: 4901: 4378: 1148: 1120: 1108: 1036: 947: 790: 599: 328:: A big caliber siege cannon from the "Elephant" series of Matthias Corvinus. 308: 221: 5646:

The origins of political order: from prehuman times to the French Revolution

4996: 4753: 4717: 4686: 4179: 3990: 3538: 1457: 458:, this type of ranged infantry became cheaper to handle for the Hungarians. 7577: 7573: 6881: 6877: 6394:

From Nicopolis to Mohács: A History of Ottoman-Hungarian Warfare, 1389–1526

5616:

From Nicopolis to Mohács: A History of Ottoman·Hungarian Warfare, 1389–1526

5233: 4872: 4645: 4497:≠ : Denotes a minor conflict involving less than 5,000 Hungarian units 4491:۩ : Denotes a siege (the dates at sieges concerns to the end of siege) 3273: 2984: 2762: 2457: 2392: 2385: 2376: 2156: 2112: 2035: 2024: 1887: 1838: 1496: 1195: 1156: 1127:

to discuss who would inherit the throne. The former based his claim on the

823: 744: 735:(hussarsabre), a 40 mm wide multi-layered sabre stuck with 3–6 rivets. 685: 501: 355: 217: 8220: 7051: 1615: 162:, Balázs Magyar, Imre Zápolya, John Giskra, John Haugwitz, František Hag, 7510:

The Chronology of the History of Hungary /From the beginnings until 1526/

6027: 5845:(6). Institute of Historical Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences: 19–33. 5703: 5313: 5008: 4858: 2436: 1870: 1447: 1270: 1164: 1075:, Jan Jiskra, Jan Haugwitz, Balázs Magyar, Pál Kinizsi, Nicholaus Ujlaki 403: 296: 8510:, Austria: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. Archived from 7763:, Czech Republic: Government Information Center of the CR. 26 April 2010 5000: 3738: 2785: 2748: 1084: 613:

Apart from these, they carried auxiliary weapons, such as Gothic maces,

8578: 8545: 8016: 7460:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 497. 6511:. Mundelein, Illinois, USA: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 196. 5804: 5268: 4598: 4251: 4215: 3249: 2010: 1549: 1227: 1065: 1061: 786: 313: 7790:. Mundelein, Illinois, USA: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 52. 7542: 5004: 3774: 3300: 2820: 2636: 1598: 134: 7088: 6138: 5670: 5090:

Romanian:Pavel Chinezul, Slovak: Pavol Kiniži, Spanish:Pablo Kinizsi

4937: 4276: 3903: 3899: 3859: 3855: 2970: 2309: 1277: 646:

were introduced by Matthias; henceforth, the light cavalry is called

509: 436: 213: 7113:

Magyarország családai czimerekkel és nemzékrendi táblákkal, volume 2

5675:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. 5582:. Angus McBride (illustrator). London, England: Osprey. p. 12. 5388:. Toronto, ON, Canada: Rakoczi Press. pp. 35–36. Archived from 4941: 4905: 4672: 2053: 1301: 1233: 1199: 1183: 855:

covered with metal langlets on the side to prevent being cut in two.

756: 455: 8387: 8344: 8298: 8257: 7966: 7628: 7336: 7289: 7209: 7166: 7015: 6697: 6656: 6603: 6551: 6423:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology

5747: 4953:

Agreement of military matters with Matthias on diplomatic grounds (

4779: 3443: 3128: 2678: 1261:

Mikoláš Aleš: Meeting of George of Podebrady with Matthias Corvinus

1219: 1001: 891: 835: 681: 432: 399: 264: 260: 6767:[The western policy and campaigns of Matthias Hunedoara]. 5940:] (in Hungarian). Budapest, Hungary: Budapest History Museum. 4421: 2496: 2471: 2432: 2406: 1812: 1571: 1518: 558:

would take square formations. Such turning points occurred at the

497: 6967:

The history of the Hungarian nation depicted in romantic drawings

5990:"Braşov (Kronstadt) in the Defence against the Turks (1438–1479)" 5901:

The realm of St. Stephen: a history of medieval Hungary, 895–1526

4123: 4088: 2522: 2351: 1649: 1191: 1140: 851: 583: 415: 346:(manor militia), which outlined that for every twenty serf-lots ( 249: 245: 241: 209: 6232:"Frescoes in the Póniky (Pónik) Roman Catholic Church, Slovakia" 5680: 4298: 4052: 1793: 1245:: George of Podjebrady observes the encircling army of Matthias. 1136: 8602: 7760: 7625:

The Monarchy of Austro-Hungary (presented) in text and pictures

7109: 6134:

An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914

6020:"Wargaming and Warfare in Eastern Europe (1350 AD to 1500 AD )" 5996: 5969:. NBR Library Series. Bucharest, Romania: Editura Enciclopedică 5799:. Cambridge, England: Wargames research group. pp. 58–62. 5120:

Melchior Löbel, Melchior Loebel, Melchior Löbl, Melchior Loebl

5026: 5022: 4452: 3930: 3172: 2564: 2439: 2355: 2313: 2269: 2195: 2146: 1716: 1207: 1144: 1080: 1005: 933: 847: 839: 780: 643: 624: 481: 451: 411: 375: 233: 115: 7512:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 276. 1309: 1052: 708: 389: 8507: 8161: 8123: 7506:

Magyarország történeti kronológiája I /A kezdetektől 1526-ig/

5527:. Vol. 3. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 306. 3648: 3491: 3207: 2265: 2191: 1187: 1056: 1016: 1004:

in 1465 to beat the Ottomans; but when they were approaching

919: 796:

In 1481, the Black Army's infantry was described as follows:

720: 595: 579: 505: 485: 1318: 1293: 8302: 7822: 6701: 5829: 4358: 2087: 1172: 1124: 553:

Military movements of Matthias Corvinus and the Black Army

489: 204:– were the military forces serving under the reign of King 5963:"C. Transylvania (including Banat, Crişana and Maramureş)" 1329:

List of battles and respective captains of the Black Army

1103:

Actions of the Black Army after the death of King Matthias

309:

Reforms of the draft of traditional feudal and levy armies

8246:

the throne for John Corvin. The death of the King.].

5134:

German: Johann Haugwitz, Czech: Hanuš Haugvic z Biskupic

535:

Matthias Corvinus, in a letter to his father-in-law King

259:

Matthias recognized the importance and key role of early

7733:"Csehország története" [History of the Czechy]. 7250:

United States: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 484.

5383: 5029:

outnumbered them and chose to occupy the nearby fort of

822:

including bows, crossbows, and arquebuses; all sorts of

764:(built around the 1470s, then called Garamszentbenedek). 7968:

A magyarok krónikája és Siralmas ének (Rogerius mester)

6959:(1860). "Mátyás Bécsben" [Matthias in Vienna]. 5967:

The history of coins in Romania (ca. 1500 BC – 2000 AD)

5304:[King Matthias' multinational mercenary army]. 410:

of 1463, and his soldiers received a payment of 25,000

8665:

Mercenary units and formations of the Early Modern era

5095:(S)Zápolya(i) Imre, S)Zapolya(i) Imre, Szipolyai Imre 5904:. London, United Kingdom: I. B. Tauris. p. 310. 5898:

Engel, Pál; Ayton, Andrew; Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2005).

8204: 5897: 5832:"The role of John Jiskra in the history of Slovakia" 52:

1494 (due to money shortage and mercenary uprising)

7825:, Czech Republic: Muzeum města Brna. 26 April 2010 7781: 6801:Viator: Mediaeval and Renaissance Studies Volume 4 6502: 6341:"The Gradual of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary" 6030:, United Kingdom: British Historical Games Society 5706:, United Kingdom: British Historical Games Society 830:and war hammers; and classical swords and sabres. 7742:The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Word and Picture 7565: 7328:Jajcza (bánság, vár és város) története 1450–1527 6869: 6765:"Hunyadi Mátyás nyugati politikája és hadjáratai" 5830:Oslansky, František; Stanislav Skorvanek (1996). 4857:" in 1459 and they thus were entitled to use red 1234:Battles and respective captains of the Black Army 8621: 8464: 8182: 8122:[The fortress of Jasov] (in Hungarian). 7631:, Hungary: Kempelen Farkas Digitális Tankönyvtár 7616: 6915: 6835: 5579:Hungary and the fall of Eastern Europe 1000–1568 806:Matthias Corvinus's letter to Gabriele Rangoni, 8417: 7917: 7881: 7499: 7497: 7389: 7333:Jajce (Banate, fort and city) history 1450–1527 7324: 7003: 6797: 6299: 6265: 5731: 5491: 5345: 5189:Czech: František z Háje, German: Franz von Hag 4960:Mediation of the pope and his calling for peace 778: 730: 724: 653: 647: 519: 475: 340:and the soldiers provided and regulated by the 212:. The ancestor and core of this early standing 8502:[Zeleny (Selene), Hungarian captain]. 8390:, Hungary: Grill Károly Könyvkiadó vállalata. 8374: 8347:, Hungary: Grill Károly Könyvkiadó vállalata. 8332: 8292: 8260:, Hungary: Grill Károly Könyvkiadó vállalata. 8244: 7964: 7569:The papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571, volume 1 7400:The history of the Hungarian nation, volume 5. 7292:, Hungary: Grill Károly Könyvkiadó vállalata. 7277: 7212:, Hungary: Grill Károly Könyvkiadó vállalata. 7196: 7169:, Hungary: Grill Károly Könyvkiadó vállalata. 7154: 7124:, Hungary: Ráth Mór, Helikon Kiadó (reprint). 7076: 6873:The papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571, volume 2 6644: 6606:, Hungary: Grill Károly Könyvkiadó vállalata. 6590: 6554:, Hungary: Grill Károly Könyvkiadó vállalata. 6538: 6338: 6309:. István Tisza Scientific Society of Debreceni 5441: 5386:"A thousand years of the Hungarian art of war" 5021:In 1480, Ottomans sought an option to plunder 4853:with the hereditary noble title "count of the 1226:to secretly hand over the fort to his sultan, 386:time of service from 15 days to three months. 336:. The majority of his army consisted of noble 8185:"Vlad the Impaler, the second reign – Part 4" 7736:Az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia írásban és képben 7620:Az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia Irásban és Képben 6229: 5669:Burant, Stephen R.; Keefe, Eugene K. (1990). 864: 623:) and short shields similar in design to the 8151: 7494: 7473: 7371: 6962:A magyar nemzet története regényes rajzokban 5453:. Budapest: Encyclopaedia Humana Association 5451:The Hunyadis and the Jagello age (1437–1526) 5423:. Recontre and Edito Service, London. p. 62. 5142:Stephen V Báthory, Stephen Báthory of Ecsed 4815: 1269:Statue of King Matthias and his generals in 1115:, invited two heirs, the Holy Roman Emperor 1040: 1028: 870: 628: 587: 461: 8535: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8240: 8238: 8036:(1981). "XXXV. Rész" [part XXXV.]. 8006: 7890:]. Nemzet és emlékezet (in Hungarian). 7612: 7610: 7608: 7385: 7383: 7072: 7070: 6999: 6997: 6726: 6691: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6253: 5750:, Hungary: Officina Kiadó. pp. 67–94. 5668: 5518: 4851:Sigismund and John of Szentgyörgy and Bazin 1046: 695: 689: 675: 669: 663: 618: 390:From mercenaries to regularly paid soldiers 86:Cavalry, infantry, artillery, siege weapons 8531: 8529: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8044:Chronicles about the matters of Hungarians 7975:] (spoken word (mp3)) (in Hungarian). 7913: 7911: 7726: 7110:Iván Nagy; Stephen Friebeisz (1857–1868). 6758: 6756: 6653:Hungarian Lexicon of Biographies 1000–1990 6437: 6387: 5609: 5553:A History of the Habsburg Empire 1273–1700 4936:return after Casimir IV met with the Pope 4713:Szegednic, Halászfalu; Kingdom of Hungary 4488: : Denotes captain deceased in battle 869:(handgun) in the beginning, and later the 8494: 8492: 8028: 8026: 8009:Historiae Polonicae liber XIII.et ultimus 7091:, Hungary: Fiedler Gottfried. p. 247 6955: 6865: 6863: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 5790: 8635:Military units and formations of Hungary 8500:"Zeleny (Selene), ungarischer Hauptmann" 8411: 8384:Military history of the Hungarian nation 8368: 8341:Military history of the Hungarian nation 8321: 8254:Military history of the Hungarian nation 8235: 8164:, Germany: von Hase & Koehler Verlag 7788:Slovak history: chronology & lexicon 7605: 7446: 7380: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7286:Military history of the Hungarian nation 7271: 7206:Military history of the Hungarian nation 7190: 7163:Military history of the Hungarian nation 7148: 7067: 6994: 6951: 6949: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6627: 6600:Military history of the Hungarian nation 6575: 6548:Military history of the Hungarian nation 6532: 6509:Slovak history: chronology & lexicon 6464: 6250: 6174:"Mátyás király levelei: külügyi osztály" 6126: 6124: 6098: 5931: 5893: 5891: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5643: 5547: 5519:Caferro, William; Reid, Shelley (2010). 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5045:International usage of historical names 1317: 1308: 1300: 1292: 1284: 1276: 1264: 1256: 1248: 1237: 1098: 767: 755: 707: 592:) on the side of the horseman's cuirass. 569: 548: 320: 312: 295: 8615:Tactics and structure of the Black Army 8573:[History Chronicles 987–2009]. 8526: 8286: 8147: 8145: 8071: 7908: 6762: 6753: 6433: 6431: 6017: 5960: 5693: 5575: 4840: 4838: 216:army appeared in the era of his father 8622: 8489: 8032: 8023: 7843: 7691: 7532: 7526: 7469: 7467: 7239: 7044: 6860: 6735:The foreign mercenary army of Matthias 6083: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5498:. Oxford University Press. p. 9. 5076:Balázs/Balazs Magyar, Blaž the Magyar 4995:regain his fortresses. The castles of 4494:ỗ← : Denotes an open field battle 772:Black Army infantry in a castle 1480s. 16:Professional army of Matthias Corvinus 7782:Bartl, Július; Dusan Skvarna (2002). 7503: 7392:"7, Mátyás hadserege és diplomatiája" 7313: 7120:] (in Hungarian) (7th ed.). 6946: 6680: 6503:Bartl, Július; Dusan Skvarna (2002). 6121: 6024:Mercenary infantry of the Hunyadi era 5987: 5888: 5779: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5302:"Mátyás király idegen zsoldos serege" 5281: 5175:Nicholaus of Ujlak, Nicholaus Iločki 191: 8563: 8183:Delia Grigorescu (11 January 2010). 8156:[Life of Matthias Corvinus] 8142: 7018:, Hungary: Balassi Kiadó (reprint). 6840:[John II, Duke of Silesia]. 6720: 6428: 6318: 6061: 5988:Beham, Markus Peter (23 July 2009). 4835: 4482: 3943: 3939:unknown, bishopric castle personnel 2830: 1019:and their occupation of the fort of 8581:, Austria: Marktgemeinde Bad Erlach 7464: 7396:A magyar nemzet története, 5. kötet 5797:Armies of the Middle Ages, Volume 2 5718: 4425:Tobias von Boskowitz und Černahora 2573:Relief troops for his father-in-law 1575:Tobiáš of Boskovice and Černá Hora 1522:Tobias von Boskowitz und Černahora 1035:("Brothers" – Hussites in Slovakia/ 789:in number). The infantry contained 236:in 1485) and more than half of the 13: 8217:History of the episcopate of Várad 8210:Epistolario di Pier Paolo Vergerio 6930:. 69 (in Hungarian). Vol. 3. 6730:Mátyás király idegen zsoldosserege 6648:Magyar életrajzi lexikon 1000–1990 5426: 5153:Nicolaus Chiupor, Nicolaus Csupor 5039: 4918:had been spared by him. Hungarian 14: 8676: 8596: 8538:"Austro-Hungarian War, 1479–1491" 8477:, Austria: Marktgemeinde Neumarkt 7894:: Osiris Kiadó. pp. 92–105. 7653:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time 7406:: Athenaeum Irod. és Nyomdai Rt. 6973:: Tóth Könyvkereskedés és Kiadó. 6842:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 14 6838:"Johann II., Herzog in Schlesien" 6692:Tibor Szabó (11 September 2010). 5384:Anthony Tihamer Komjathy (1982). 4846:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor 785:(with a restricted deployment of 697:capitaneus gentium levis armature 110:, representing the 1485 entry of 8601: 8550:Korean Minjok Leadership Academy 8469:[Forchtenstein Castle]. 8039:Krónika az magyaroknak dolgairól 7926:Ten Volumes of Hungarian Matters 7541:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: 7434: 7376:. No. XI.4. pp. 35–37. 7012:Ten Volumes of Hungarian Matters 6049: 5219:Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–78) 5214:Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–88) 5056:Ethnolect (given name, surname) 5050:Hungarian (surname, given name) 4785: 4752: 4716: 4685: 4678: 4644: 4639: 4607: 4461: 4420: 4415: 4408: 4367: 4332: 4297: 4292: 4285: 4250: 4214: 4178: 4139: 4132: 4097: 4061: 4025: 3989: 3864: 3825: 3790: 3783: 3747: 3712: 3705: 3700: 3693: 3657: 3621: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3566: 3559: 3554: 3547: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3464: 3459: 3452: 3416: 3381: 3346: 3309: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3223: 3216: 3181: 3144: 3137: 3102: 3067: 3032: 2995: 2988: 2979: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2910: 2903: 2896: 2884: 2877: 2870: 2863: 2856: 2849: 2842: 2835: 2794: 2757: 2722: 2687: 2652: 2645: 2606: 2531: 2495: 2486: 2477: 2470: 2465: 2456: 2451: 2444: 2405: 2400: 2391: 2389:Berthold Elderbach Monyorókeréki 2384: 2375: 2367: 2360: 2325: 2318: 2281: 2274: 2228: 2221: 2214: 2207: 2200: 2155: 2111: 2106: 2096: 2052: 2043: 2034: 2029: 2019: 1978: 1969: 1928: 1921: 1886: 1879: 1837: 1832: 1825: 1818: 1811: 1806: 1799: 1792: 1787: 1780: 1771: 1764: 1725: 1690: 1658: 1621: 1614: 1607: 1570: 1565: 1558: 1517: 1512: 1505: 1470: 1463: 1456: 1123:, for an assembly to be held at 978: 966: 954: 940: 926: 912: 898: 884: 637: 544: 358:, there is no mention of them.) 29: 8660:Early modern history of Hungary 8458: 8198: 8176: 8112: 8000: 7958: 7875: 7847:Magyarország története 895–1301 7837: 7811: 7775: 7749: 7703:Chronicles of Hungarians, vol.2 7685: 7643: 7559: 7474:Mórocz Zsolt (30 August 2008). 7427: 7365: 7233: 7103: 6909: 6829: 6791: 6496: 6452:: Pallas Irodalmi és Nyomdai Rt 6415: 6381: 6363: 6332: 6312: 6292: 6223: 6195: 6166: 6105:The Black Army of King Matthias 6042: 6011: 5981: 5954: 5925: 5823: 5687: 5662: 5637: 5603: 5569: 5541: 5410:Vajna-Naday, Warhistory. p. 40. 5352:. New York, NY, United States: 5139:Báthory István, Báthori István 5061:Hunyadi Mátyás (Mátyás király) 5015: 4988: 4975: 4882: 4864: 4809: 4302:Bartholomew Drágffy of Beltiug 1129:Peace Treaty of Wiener Neustadt 674:, a significant number of them 652:, a name derived from the word 408:Peace Treaty of Wiener Neustadt 8295:"Palocsa – vár Sáros vármegye" 8223:, Hungary: Episcopate of Várad 8208:A váradi püspökség története ( 8011:(in Latin). pp. 470–473. 7582:American Philosophical Society 7539:Counts, Barons and Petty Kings 6924:Literary history announcements 6886:American Philosophical Society 6806:University of California Press 6775:: Napkút Kiadó. Archived from 5740:Matthias, the renaissance king 5512: 5485: 5413: 5404: 5377: 5339: 5328: 5053:English (given name, surname) 3037:Matthias Corvinus (surrender) 1797:Bartholomew Drágffy of Beltiug 1392:Against the Kingdom of Poland 1350:Against the Holy Roman Empire 1094: 662:, this lightly armed cavalry ( 1: 8571:"Geschichte Chronik 987–2009" 8379:A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme 8336:A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme 8249:A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme 8205:Bunyitay Vincze (1883–1884). 7476:"Hollószárnyak a Rába fölött" 7281:A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme 7201:A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme 7158:A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme 6934:: Országos Széchényi Könyvtár 6919:Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények 6595:A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme 6543:A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme 5999:, Austria: Kakanien revisited 5700:Hungarian Armies 1300 to 1492 5275: 5200:Czech: Vilém Tetour z Tetova 4892:and religious leaders led by 2397:Nicholas Székely Szentgyörgyi 814: 703: 114:, son of King Matthias, into 8154:"Vita del re Mattio Corvino" 6659:, Hungary: Akadémiai Kiadó. 5229:Growth of the Ottoman Empire 4525:Pl. : Kingdom of Poland 4503:HRE : Holy Roman Empire 2381:Count Sigismund Szentgyörgyi 520:Branches, tactics, equipment 317:A knight from the Black Army 291: 35:Standard of the Black legion 7: 8640:Military history of Hungary 7973:Chronicle of the Hungarians 7932:: Balassi Kiadó (reprint). 7852:History of Hungary 895–1301 7535:Ispánok, bárók, kiskirályok 7053:Szapolyai - Lexikon :: 6844:(in German). Archived from 6101:Mátyás Király fekete serege 5735:Mátyás, a reneszánsz király 5206: 3626:bishop Ladislaus Héderváry 3517:bishop Ladislaus Héderváry 3469:bishop Ladislaus Héderváry 990: 751: 565: 10: 8681: 8432:, Hungary: Apáczai Kiadó. 8126:, Slovakia. Archived from 7979:: Osiris Kiadó (reprint). 7662:Princeton University Press 7566:Kenneth M. Setton (1978). 6870:Kenneth M. Setton (1978). 6741:: Stádium Sajtóvállalat Rt 6302:A magyar huszárság eredete 6143:Cambridge University Press 5961:Iliescu, Octavian (2002). 5851:10.1515/humaff-1996-060104 5644:Fukuyama, Francis (2011). 5555:. Routledge. p. 108. 5192: 5181: 5170: 5159: 5148: 5137: 5126: 5115: 5104: 5093: 5082: 5071: 5059: 3710:bishop Ladislaus Héderváry 3564:bishop Ladislaus Héderváry 2238:Matthias Geréb of Vingard 2162:(modest armed support for 961:Blended crossguarded sword 820:Various long-range weapons 524: 425: 8471:marktgemeinde-neumarkt.at 8465:Elke Feichtinger (2010). 7918:Antonio Bonfini (1995) . 7888:Matthias and the humanism 6916:Komlovszki Tibor (1965). 6836:Hermann Markgraf (1881). 6272:Soldiers of King Matthias 6099:Fenyvesi, László (1990). 6018:Haywood, Matthew (2002). 5694:Haywood, Matthew (2002). 5648:. London: Profile Books. 5156:Romanian: Nicolae Ciupor 5109:John Giskra, John Jiskra 4255:Johann Zeleny of Schonau 4219:Johann Zeleny of Schonau 2164:the main Moldavian core) 2058:Basarab Laiotă cel Bătrân 1830:Matthias Geréb of Vingard 1281:Portrait of Balázs Magyar 602:also came into use. As a 462:Improving the river fleet 354:' report of the siege of 153: 145: 140: 130: 122: 98: 90: 82: 74: 66: 56: 48: 40: 28: 23: 8630:Former armies by country 7965:Thuróczy János (2001) . 7921:Rerum Hungaricum Decades 7882:Csukovits Enikő (2008). 7698:Magyar krónika, 2. kötet 7390:Sándor Szilágyi (1896). 7325:Thallóczy Lajos (1915). 7007:Rerum Hungaricum Decades 6798:Lynn White, jr. (1973). 6763:Csendes, László (2004). 6375:aregmultajelenben.shp.hu 6371:"A Fekete Sereg előadás" 6266:Zarnócki Attila (1992). 5732:Péter E. Kovács (2008). 5672:Hungary: A Country Study 5492:Clifford Rogers (2010). 5346:Clifford Rogers (2010). 5264:Siege of Wiener Neustadt 5249:Siege of Kaiserebersdorf 5244:Second siege of Hainburg 5178:Croatian: Nikola Iločki 4803: 4576:Captain(s) commissioned 2692:Simon Nagy Szentmártoni 2151:Principality of Moldavia 2092:Principality of Moldavia 1425:Captain(s) commissioned 1371:Against the Papal State 1289:The Battle of Breadfield 985:Crossbow and accessories 665:expeditissimus equitatus 8467:"Schloss Forchtenstein" 8426:Triumph of the Hunyadis 8376:with Bayezid II.]. 8293:Tamás Szatmári (2011). 7457:Encyclopædia Britannica 7077:Ferencz Kállay (1829). 6694:"Salgótarján, Salgóvár" 6446:Grand Lexicon of Pallas 6339:Anonymous (1480–1488). 6076:Encyclopædia Britannica 5576:Nicolle, David (1988). 5442:István Tringli (1998). 5354:Oxford University Press 5167:Serbian: Dmitar Jakšić 5123:German: Melchior Löbel 4516:Pope : Papal State 2650:Simon Nagy Szentmártoni 1364:Against the Moldavians 1147:. Their famed captains 494:victory at the Belgrade 374:In the laws of 1459 of 334:Sigismund of Luxembourg 232:(including the capital 193:[ˈfɛkɛtɛˈʃɛrɛɡ] 8650:1494 disestablishments 8475:Neumarkt in Steiermark 8428:] (in Hungarian). 8386:] (in Hungarian). 8343:] (in Hungarian). 8256:] (in Hungarian). 8219:] (in Hungarian). 7928:] (in Hungarian). 7884:Mátyás és a humanizmus 7844:Kristó, Gyula (1988). 7627:] (in Hungarian). 7504:Benda, Kálmán (1981). 7402:] (in Hungarian). 7335:] (in Hungarian). 7288:] (in Hungarian). 7208:] (in Hungarian). 7165:] (in Hungarian). 7087:] (in Hungarian). 7014:] (in Hungarian). 6969:] (in Hungarian). 6655:] (in Hungarian). 6602:] (in Hungarian). 6550:] (in Hungarian). 6448:] (in Hungarian). 6300: 6230:Master Mihály (1478). 6203:Történelmi világatlasz 5696:"The Militia Portalis" 5259:Siege of Vienna (1485) 5224:Battle of Leitzersdorf 5031:Neumarkt in Steiermark 4947:Famine caused by siege 4825: 4816: 4170:Neumarkt in Steiermark 2943:Ladislaus Henei 2500:Sir Richard Champleyn 1823:Peter Geréb of Vingard 1323: 1322:Austrian lands in 1477 1315: 1306: 1298: 1290: 1282: 1274: 1262: 1254: 1246: 1104: 1047: 1041: 1029: 871: 865: 812: 779: 773: 765: 731: 725: 713: 696: 690: 676: 670: 664: 654: 648: 629: 619: 588: 575: 554: 542: 476: 471: 329: 318: 301: 187: 104:Philostratus Chronicle 8610:at Wikimedia Commons 8608:Black Army of Hungary 8542:World History at KMLA 8421:A Hunyadiak Dicsősége 8152:Karl Nehring (1973). 7757:"George of Podebrady" 7658:Princeton, New Jersey 7533:Fügedi, Erik (1986). 7240:Jaques, Tony (2006). 6769:Játszmák az országért 6322:A huszárok eredetéről 6319:Tóth, Zoltán (1934). 6268:Mátyás király katonai 6207:Historical World Maps 5421:A History of Weaponry 4782:, Kingdom of Hungary 4636:, Kingdom of Hungary 4513:Mld : Moldavians 3908:(Hungarian garrison) 3873:(Hungarian garrison) 3098:Margravate of Moravia 3063:Margravate of Moravia 1686:Margravate of Moravia 1654:Margravate of Moravia 1399:Against the Hussites 1357:Against the Ottomans 1336:Campaign color codes 1321: 1312: 1305:Battle plan at Vaslui 1304: 1296: 1288: 1280: 1268: 1260: 1252: 1241: 1102: 798: 771: 759: 711: 620:balistrero ad cavallo 573: 552: 537:Ferdinand I of Naples 528: 324: 316: 299: 202:Black Legion/Regiment 8007:Jan Długosz (1712). 6727:Tóth Zoltán (1925). 6067:Matthias I., Hunyadi 5767:on 20 September 2009 4981:On 7 February 1474, 4506:Ott. : Ottomans 4457:Archduchy of Austria 4404:Archduchy of Austria 4363:Archduchy of Austria 4328:Archduchy of Austria 4281:Archduchy of Austria 4246:Archduchy of Austria 4210:Archduchy of Austria 4174:Archduchy of Austria 2718:Archduchy of Austria 2602:Archduchy of Austria 2575:the Neapolitan King 2236:Gaspar Bak of Berend 1965:Archduchy of Austria 1917:Archduchy of Austria 1760:Archduchy of Austria 1721:Archduchy of Austria 1554:Archduchy of Austria 1501:Archduchy of Austria 694:) led by a captain ( 560:Battle of Breadfield 254:Battle of Breadfield 8645:1458 establishments 6438:Gerő Lajos (1897). 6298:Jenő Darkó (1938). 6063:Bain, Robert Nisbet 5046: 4920:Johannes de Thurocz 4790:Balthasar Tettauer 4546: 4528:hss : Hussites 3830:Sebastian Rozgonyi 3662:Sebastian Rozgonyi 3177:Principality of Krk 2975:Despotate of Serbia 2825:Despotate of Serbia 2799:Ladislaus Pongrácz 2410:Ladislaus Kanizsay 1343:Against the Czechs 1337: 973:Pavise and halberds 617:, axes, crossbows ( 504:: the city-port of 396:George of Poděbrady 200:), also called the 7543:Magvető Könyvkiadó 6441:Pallas Nagylexikon 6351:on 4 November 2014 6238:on 4 November 2014 6141:, United Kingdom: 5791:Ian Heath (1984). 5521:"Zürich, Siege of" 5444:"Military History" 5419:Courtlandt Canby: 5392:on 26 January 2011 5312:: Municipality of 5044: 4692:(supporting army) 4651:(supporting army) 4603:Kingdom of Hungary 4544: 4531:HUN : Hungary 4522:Ven. : Venice 4519:Sax. : Saxony 4466:Matthias Corvinus 4372:Matthias Corvinus 4337:Matthias Corvinus 4102:Matthias Crovinus 4093:Kingdom of Hungary 4066:Matthias Corvinus 4057:Kingdom of Hungary 4021:Kingdom of Hungary 3935:Kingdom of Hungary 3821:Kingdom of Hungary 3788:Sebastian Rozgonyi 3779:Kingdom of Hungary 3743:Kingdom of Hungary 3698:Sebastian Rozgonyi 3689:Kingdom of Hungary 3653:Kingdom of Hungary 3614:Sebastian Rozgonyi 3598:Kingdom of Hungary 3552:Sebastian Rozgonyi 3543:Kingdom of Hungary 3505:Sebastian Rozgonyi 3496:Kingdom of Hungary 3457:Sebastian Rozgonyi 3448:Kingdom of Hungary 3421:Matthias Corvinus 3412:Kingdom of Hungary 3386:Matthias Corvinus 3377:Kingdom of Hungary 3351:Matthias Corvinus 3342:Kingdom of Hungary 3314:Matthias Corvinus 3305:Kingdom of Hungary 3254:Kingdom of Hungary 3212:Kingdom of Hungary 3107:Matthias Corvinus 3072:Matthias Corvinus 3028:Kingdom of Bohemia 2790:Kingdom of Hungary 2753:Kingdom of Hungary 2727:Stephen Dávidházy 2683:Kingdom of Hungary 2641:Kingdom of Hungary 2611:Matthias Corvinus 2015:Kingdom of Hungary 1816:Ladislaus Kanizsay 1730:Matthias Corvinus 1695:Matthias Corvinus 1663:Matthias Corvinus 1475:Francis Haraszthy 1335: 1324: 1316: 1307: 1299: 1291: 1283: 1275: 1263: 1255: 1247: 1177:Peace of Pressburg 1119:and Polish prince 1113:Beatrice of Naples 1105: 774: 766: 714: 576: 555: 330: 319: 302: 273:Louis XI of France 61:Kingdom of Hungary 8606:Media related to 8536:Alexander Ganse. 8514:on 8 October 2011 8439:978-963-465-183-3 7977:Budapest, Hungary 7930:Budapest, Hungary 7901:978-963-389-981-6 7892:Budapest, Hungary 7861:978-963-389-970-0 7819:"Spilberk Castle" 7712:978-0-546-87357-3 7404:Budapest, Hungary 7346:978-2-253-05575-4 7248:Santa Barbara, CA 6980:978-963-596-542-7 6971:Budapest, Hungary 6932:Budapest, Hungary 6773:Budapest, Hungary 6739:Budapest, Hungary 6708:on 19 August 2011 6484:Missing or empty 6450:Budapest, Hungary 6421:Clifford Rogers, 6389:Pálosfalvi, Tamás 6276:Budapest, Hungary 6216:978-963-351-696-6 5947:978-963-9340-68-8 5757:978-963-9705-43-2 5655:978-1-84668-256-8 5611:Pálosfalvi, Tamás 5534:978-0-19-533403-6 5310:Budapest, Hungary 5239:Siege of Hainburg 5204: 5203: 5197:Wilhelm Tettauer 5164:Demetrius Jaksic 5087:Paul/Pál Kinizsi 4983:Mihaloğlu Ali Bey 4855:Holy Roman Empire 4801: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4748:Holy Roman Empire 4649:Stephen V Báthory 4612:Wilhelm Tettauer 4554: 4553: 4540: 4539: 4500:Cz. : Czechs 4473: 4472: 4413:Matthias Corvinus 4290:Matthias Corvinus 4144:Wilhelm Tettauer 3961: 3960: 3607:Matthias Corvinus 3263:Matthias Corvinus 3221:Matthias Corvinus 3142:Matthias Corvinus 2948: 2947: 2922:Sebastian Abraham 2657:Michael Rozgonyi 2569:Kingdom of Napoli 2527:Kingdom of Napoli 2462:Stephen V Báthory 2449:George Matucsinai 2365:Matthias Corvinus 2323:Matthias Corvinus 2205:Matthias Corvinus 2117:Stephen V Báthory 2102:Matthias Corvinus 2040:Stephen V Báthory 1975:Matthias Corvinus 1933:Wilhelm Tettauer 1843:Stephen V Báthory 1769:Matthias Corvinus 1612:Matthias Corvinus 1563:Stephen Dávidházy 1510:Stephen Dávidházy 1403: 1402: 1224:Mihaloğlu Ali Bey 512:from the city of 466:The river fleet ( 206:Matthias Corvinus 173: 172: 149:Matthias Corvinus 44:1458–1494 AD 8672: 8605: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8533: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8496: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8482: 8462: 8456: 8455: 8453: 8451: 8442:. Archived from 8415: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8404: 8372: 8366: 8365: 8363: 8361: 8330: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8305:. Archived from 8297:(in Hungarian). 8290: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8270:. Archived from 8242: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8202: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8180: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8159: 8149: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8096:. Archived from 8086: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8049: 8030: 8021: 8020: 8004: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7993: 7962: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7942:. Archived from 7915: 7906: 7905: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7841: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7830: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7678: 7647: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7636: 7614: 7603: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7501: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7471: 7462: 7461: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7387: 7378: 7377: 7374:Medieval Warfare 7369: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7349:. Archived from 7322: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7275: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7264: 7237: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7226: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7152: 7146: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7074: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7060: 7048: 7042: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7032:on 26 March 2012 7028:. Archived from 7001: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6953: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6929: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6867: 6858: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6771:(in Hungarian). 6760: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6746: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6704:. Archived from 6696:(in Hungarian). 6689: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6642: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6588: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6536: 6530: 6529: 6527: 6525: 6500: 6494: 6493: 6487: 6482: 6480: 6472: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6435: 6426: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6347:. Archived from 6336: 6330: 6329: 6327: 6316: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6263: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6234:. Archived from 6227: 6221: 6220: 6199: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6178: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6128: 6119: 6118: 6096: 6081: 6080: 6055: 6053: 6052: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6015: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6004: 5994: 5985: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5958: 5952: 5951: 5929: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5875: 5869:. Archived from 5836: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5816: 5807:. Archived from 5788: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5766: 5760:. Archived from 5746:(in Hungarian). 5745: 5729: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5666: 5660: 5659: 5641: 5635: 5634: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5476: 5472: 5470: 5462: 5460: 5458: 5448: 5439: 5424: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5343: 5337: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5308:(in Hungarian). 5298: 5194:Tettauer Vilmos 5161:Jaksics Demeter 5106:Gis(z)kra János 5047: 5043: 5034: 5019: 5013: 4992: 4986: 4979: 4973: 4966:Intrigue of the 4890:Hungarian nobles 4886: 4880: 4868: 4862: 4842: 4833: 4819: 4813: 4789: 4788: 4756: 4720: 4689: 4682: 4648: 4643: 4611: 4610: 4556: 4555: 4550:Against Hungary 4547: 4543: 4483: 4465: 4424: 4419: 4412: 4371: 4336: 4324:Laa an der Thaya 4301: 4296: 4289: 4254: 4218: 4182: 4143: 4142: 4136: 4101: 4065: 4029: 3993: 3985:Duchy of Silesia 3954: 3949: 3944: 3868: 3829: 3794: 3787: 3752:Stephen Zápolya 3751: 3716: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3661: 3625: 3620: 3613: 3606: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3551: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3468: 3463: 3456: 3420: 3385: 3350: 3313: 3276: 3269: 3262: 3227: 3220: 3185: 3148: 3141: 3106: 3071: 3036: 2999: 2992: 2983: 2942: 2935: 2928: 2921: 2914: 2907: 2900: 2888: 2881: 2874: 2867: 2860: 2853: 2846: 2839: 2831: 2798: 2761: 2726: 2691: 2656: 2649: 2610: 2535: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2460: 2455: 2448: 2409: 2404: 2395: 2388: 2379: 2371: 2364: 2329: 2322: 2285: 2278: 2232: 2225: 2218: 2211: 2204: 2159: 2115: 2110: 2100: 2056: 2047: 2038: 2033: 2023: 1983:Stephen Zápolya 1982: 1973: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1890: 1883: 1841: 1836: 1829: 1822: 1815: 1810: 1803: 1796: 1791: 1785:Wilhelm Tettauer 1784: 1783: 1775: 1768: 1729: 1694: 1662: 1625: 1618: 1611: 1603:Duchy of Silesia 1574: 1569: 1562: 1521: 1516: 1509: 1474: 1468:Wilhelm Tettauer 1467: 1466: 1460: 1452:Duchy of Silesia 1405: 1404: 1338: 1334: 1326: 1325: 1050: 1044: 1034: 982: 970: 958: 944: 930: 916: 902: 888: 874: 868: 810: 784: 734: 728: 699: 693: 679: 673: 671:militia portalis 667: 657: 651: 642:The traditional 632: 622: 604:companion weapon 591: 540: 479: 380:militia portalis 343:militia portalis 238:Crown of Bohemia 195: 33: 21: 20: 8680: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8673: 8671: 8670: 8669: 8620: 8619: 8599: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8575:baderlach.gv.at 8569: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8548:, South Korea: 8534: 8527: 8517: 8515: 8504:Regesta Imperii 8498: 8497: 8490: 8480: 8478: 8463: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8446:on 5 March 2016 8440: 8416: 8412: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8373: 8369: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8331: 8322: 8312: 8310: 8309:on 27 June 2011 8291: 8287: 8277: 8275: 8268: 8243: 8236: 8226: 8224: 8203: 8199: 8189: 8187: 8181: 8177: 8167: 8165: 8157: 8150: 8143: 8133: 8131: 8130:on 26 July 2011 8118: 8117: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8100:on 24 June 2016 8094:jupiter.elte.hu 8088: 8087: 8072: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8047: 8031: 8024: 8005: 8001: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7963: 7959: 7949: 7947: 7940: 7916: 7909: 7902: 7880: 7876: 7866: 7864: 7862: 7842: 7838: 7828: 7826: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7780: 7776: 7766: 7764: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7732: 7731: 7727: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7690: 7686: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7664:. p. 349. 7648: 7644: 7634: 7632: 7615: 7606: 7596: 7594: 7592: 7584:. p. 400. 7564: 7560: 7553: 7545:. p. 381. 7531: 7527: 7520: 7502: 7495: 7485: 7483: 7482:on 21 July 2011 7472: 7465: 7450:, ed. (1911). " 7435: 7433: 7432: 7428: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7388: 7381: 7370: 7366: 7356: 7354: 7353:on 24 July 2010 7347: 7323: 7314: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7276: 7272: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7238: 7234: 7224: 7222: 7220: 7195: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7153: 7149: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7108: 7104: 7094: 7092: 7075: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7050: 7049: 7045: 7035: 7033: 7026: 7002: 6995: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6954: 6947: 6937: 6935: 6927: 6914: 6910: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6868: 6861: 6851: 6849: 6848:on 22 July 2011 6834: 6830: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6804:. Los Angeles: 6796: 6792: 6782: 6780: 6779:on 21 July 2011 6761: 6754: 6744: 6742: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6690: 6681: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6643: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6589: 6576: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6540:Hungary.]. 6537: 6533: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6501: 6497: 6485: 6483: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6455: 6453: 6436: 6429: 6420: 6416: 6409: 6386: 6382: 6369: 6368: 6364: 6354: 6352: 6337: 6333: 6328:(in Hungarian). 6325: 6317: 6313: 6306: 6297: 6293: 6286: 6278:: Libra Kiadó. 6264: 6251: 6241: 6239: 6228: 6224: 6217: 6201: 6200: 6196: 6186: 6184: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6145:. p. 290. 6129: 6122: 6115: 6097: 6084: 6050: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6033: 6031: 6016: 6012: 6002: 6000: 5992: 5986: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5959: 5955: 5948: 5930: 5926: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5896: 5889: 5879: 5877: 5876:on 28 July 2011 5873: 5834: 5828: 5824: 5814: 5812: 5811:on 2 March 2014 5789: 5780: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5758: 5743: 5730: 5719: 5709: 5707: 5692: 5688: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5490: 5486: 5474: 5473: 5464: 5463: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5440: 5427: 5418: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5382: 5378: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5356:. p. 152. 5344: 5340: 5333: 5329: 5319: 5317: 5300: 5299: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5209: 5128:Haugwitz János 5042: 5040:Name variations 5037: 5020: 5016: 4993: 4989: 4980: 4976: 4940:'s emissary in 4915:Antonio Bonfini 4911:Treaty of Ófalu 4894:Janus Pannonius 4887: 4883: 4877:King of Bohemia 4869: 4865: 4843: 4836: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4786: 4691: 4684: 4683:Stephen Zápolya 4650: 4608: 4542: 4541: 4478: 4429: 4414: 4400:Kaiserebersdorf 4376: 4291: 4163: 4155: 4140: 4138: 4137:Stephen Zápolya 4128:Duchy of Styria 4030:Emeric Zápolya 3962: 3952: 3947: 3872: 3789: 3739:Kežmarok Castle 3711: 3699: 3615: 3608: 3565: 3553: 3506: 3458: 3373:Zagyvafő Castle 3277:Michael Csupor 3271: 3270:Demeter Jaksics 3264: 3228:Emeric Zápolya 3222: 3143: 3094:Špilberk Castle 2994: 2987: 2949: 2937: 2930: 2923: 2916: 2909: 2902: 2901:Demeter Jaksics 2883: 2876: 2869: 2862: 2861:Ladislaus Dóczy 2855: 2848: 2841: 2651: 2574: 2540: 2494: 2485: 2476: 2464: 2450: 2399: 2390: 2383: 2373: 2366: 2330:Emeric Zápolya 2324: 2280: 2242: 2237: 2227: 2220: 2213: 2206: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2123: 2104: 2064: 2051: 2042: 2027: 1987: 1977: 1937: 1929: 1927: 1926:Stephen Zápolya 1885: 1884:Stephen Zápolya 1875:Duchy of Styria 1845: 1831: 1824: 1817: 1805: 1798: 1786: 1781: 1779: 1770: 1756:Wiener-Neustadt 1620: 1613: 1586: 1564: 1526: 1511: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1385:Against Venice 1378:Against Saxony 1243:Adolf Liebscher 1236: 1097: 993: 986: 983: 974: 971: 962: 959: 950: 945: 936: 931: 922: 917: 908: 903: 894: 889: 872:arquebus à croc 834:Melee weapons: 817: 811: 805: 762:Hronský Beňadik 754: 706: 660:Antonio Bonfini 640: 568: 547: 541: 534: 527: 522: 464: 428: 392: 352:Janus Pannonius 311: 294: 176: 168:Đorđe Branković 155: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8678: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8655:Hunyadi family 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8618: 8617: 8598: 8597:External links 8595: 8593: 8592: 8562: 8525: 8488: 8457: 8438: 8410: 8396: 8367: 8353: 8320: 8285: 8274:on 5 July 2011 8266: 8234: 8197: 8175: 8160:(in Italian). 8141: 8120:"A jászói vár" 8111: 8070: 8056: 8034:Heltai, Gáspár 8022: 7999: 7985: 7957: 7946:on 5 June 2010 7938: 7907: 7900: 7874: 7860: 7836: 7810: 7796: 7774: 7748: 7725: 7711: 7693:Heltai, Gáspár 7684: 7670: 7642: 7604: 7590: 7558: 7551: 7525: 7518: 7493: 7463: 7448:Chisholm, Hugh 7426: 7412: 7379: 7364: 7345: 7312: 7298: 7270: 7256: 7232: 7218: 7189: 7175: 7147: 7130: 7102: 7066: 7043: 7024: 6993: 6979: 6945: 6908: 6894: 6859: 6828: 6814: 6790: 6752: 6719: 6679: 6665: 6626: 6612: 6574: 6560: 6531: 6517: 6495: 6463: 6427: 6425:, 2010, p. 152 6414: 6407: 6401:. p. 29. 6380: 6362: 6331: 6311: 6307:(in Hungarian) 6291: 6284: 6249: 6222: 6215: 6194: 6183:(in Hungarian) 6165: 6151: 6120: 6113: 6082: 6071:Chisholm, Hugh 6041: 6010: 5980: 5953: 5946: 5924: 5910: 5887: 5822: 5778: 5756: 5717: 5686: 5661: 5654: 5636: 5629: 5623:. p. 32. 5602: 5588: 5568: 5562:978-1317895701 5561: 5549:Bérenger, Jean 5540: 5533: 5511: 5504: 5484: 5425: 5412: 5403: 5376: 5362: 5338: 5327: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5186:František Hag 5184: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5172:Újlaki Miklós 5169: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5150:Csupor Miklós 5147: 5146: 5143: 5140: 5136: 5135: 5132: 5131:John Haugwitz 5129: 5125: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5117:Löbl Menyhért 5114: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5073:Magyar Balázs 5070: 5069: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5054: 5051: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5035: 5014: 4987: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4951: 4948: 4881: 4879:shortly after. 4863: 4834: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4757:John Haugwitz 4750: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4721:John Haugwitz 4714: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4676: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4652: 4637: 4634:Székesfehérvár 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4605: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4568: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4552: 4551: 4545:Post-Matthias 4538: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4481: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4459: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4426: 4406: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4373: 4365: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4338: 4330: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4306: 4303: 4283: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4256: 4248: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4220: 4212: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4184: 4183:John Haugwitz 4176: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4130: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4095: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4067: 4059: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4031: 4023: 4014: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3995: 3994:John Haugwitz 3987: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3950: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3893: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3862: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3823: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3795:Blaise Magyar 3781: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3745: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3717:Blaise Magyar 3691: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3655: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3600: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3571:Blaise Magyar 3545: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3518: 3498: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3450: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3414: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3379: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3344: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3317: 3307: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3256: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3214: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3186:Blaise Magyar 3179: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3135: 3133:Ottoman Empire 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3108: 3100: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3065: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3030: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3006: 3003: 2977: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2929:Michael Pétsei 2908:Francis Arifti 2893: 2829: 2827: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2792: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2755: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2720: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2693: 2685: 2679:Upper Pannonia 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2643: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2612: 2604: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2571: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2537: 2536:Blaise Magyar 2529: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2442: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2372:Emeric Zápolya 2358: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2316: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2289: 2286:Jacob Szekler 2279:Emeric Zápolya 2272: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2239: 2226:Paul Kállay I. 2219:George Parlagi 2212:John Kállay V. 2198: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2165: 2153: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2120: 2094: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2061: 2017: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1984: 1967: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1934: 1919: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1892: 1891:Jacob Szekler 1877: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1846: 1777:Emeric Zápolya 1762: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1731: 1723: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1696: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1656: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1629: 1627:Jan II the Mad 1619:Melchior Löbel 1605: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1556: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1523: 1503: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1454: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1331: 1330: 1235: 1232: 1216:Nándorfehérvár 1161:Székesfehérvár 1096: 1093: 1073:Michael Ország 992: 989: 988: 987: 984: 977: 975: 972: 965: 963: 960: 953: 951: 946: 939: 937: 932: 925: 923: 918: 911: 909: 904: 897: 895: 890: 883: 881: 877: 876: 860: 856: 816: 813: 808:Bishop of Eger 803: 753: 750: 749: 748: 742: 736: 705: 702: 686:Transylvanians 639: 636: 635: 634: 633:) for defense. 611: 600:bastard swords 593: 567: 564: 546: 543: 532: 526: 523: 521: 518: 463: 460: 427: 424: 391: 388: 368:Battle of Raab 310: 307: 293: 290: 174: 171: 170: 157: 151: 150: 147: 143: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 112:János Corvinus 100: 96: 95: 94:approx. 28,000 92: 88: 87: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 58: 54: 53: 50: 46: 45: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8677: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8627: 8625: 8616: 8613: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8604: 8580: 8577:(in German). 8576: 8572: 8566: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8532: 8530: 8513: 8509: 8506:(in German). 8505: 8501: 8495: 8493: 8476: 8473:(in German). 8472: 8468: 8461: 8445: 8441: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8422: 8414: 8399: 8397:963-86118-7-1 8393: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8380: 8371: 8356: 8354:963-86118-7-1 8350: 8346: 8342: 8338: 8337: 8329: 8327: 8325: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8289: 8273: 8269: 8267:963-86118-7-1 8263: 8259: 8255: 8251: 8250: 8241: 8239: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8201: 8186: 8179: 8163: 8155: 8148: 8146: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8059: 8057:963-207-840-3 8053: 8045: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8029: 8027: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8003: 7988: 7986:963-389-129-9 7982: 7978: 7974: 7970: 7969: 7961: 7945: 7941: 7939:963-506-040-8 7935: 7931: 7927: 7923: 7922: 7914: 7912: 7903: 7897: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7878: 7863: 7857: 7853: 7849: 7848: 7840: 7824: 7820: 7814: 7799: 7797:0-86516-444-4 7793: 7789: 7785: 7778: 7762: 7758: 7752: 7744: 7743: 7738: 7737: 7729: 7714: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7699: 7694: 7688: 7673: 7671:0-691-01078-1 7667: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7654: 7646: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7593: 7591:0-87169-127-2 7587: 7583: 7579: 7575: 7571: 7570: 7562: 7554: 7552:963-14-0582-6 7548: 7544: 7540: 7536: 7529: 7521: 7519:963-05-2661-1 7515: 7511: 7507: 7500: 7498: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7468: 7459: 7458: 7453: 7449: 7444: 7443:public domain 7430: 7415: 7413:1-144-24218-5 7409: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7386: 7384: 7375: 7368: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7329: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7301: 7299:963-86118-7-1 7295: 7291: 7287: 7283: 7282: 7274: 7259: 7257:0-313-33538-9 7253: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7236: 7221: 7219:963-86118-7-1 7215: 7211: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7193: 7178: 7176:963-86118-7-1 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7159: 7151: 7145: 7133: 7131:963-207-774-1 7127: 7123: 7119: 7115: 7114: 7106: 7090: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7073: 7071: 7055: 7054: 7047: 7031: 7027: 7025:963-506-040-8 7021: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7000: 6998: 6982: 6976: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6952: 6950: 6933: 6925: 6921: 6920: 6912: 6897: 6895:0-87169-127-2 6891: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6874: 6866: 6864: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6832: 6817: 6815:0-520-02392-7 6811: 6807: 6803: 6802: 6794: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6759: 6757: 6740: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6723: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6668: 6666:963-9374-13-X 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6649: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6631: 6615: 6613:963-86118-7-1 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6563: 6561:963-86118-7-1 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6544: 6535: 6520: 6518:0-86516-444-4 6514: 6510: 6506: 6499: 6491: 6478: 6467: 6451: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6434: 6432: 6424: 6418: 6410: 6408:9781570037399 6404: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6390: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6366: 6350: 6346: 6345:Cod. Lat. 424 6342: 6335: 6324: 6323: 6315: 6304: 6303: 6295: 6287: 6285:963-7663-03-7 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6237: 6233: 6226: 6218: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6198: 6182: 6175: 6169: 6154: 6152:0-521-34315-1 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6127: 6125: 6116: 6114:963-327-017-0 6110: 6106: 6102: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6078: 6077: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6058:public domain 6045: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6014: 5998: 5991: 5984: 5968: 5964: 5957: 5949: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5928: 5913: 5911:1-85043-977-X 5907: 5903: 5902: 5894: 5892: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5763: 5759: 5753: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5651: 5647: 5640: 5632: 5630:9781570037399 5626: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5606: 5591: 5589:0-85045-833-1 5585: 5581: 5580: 5572: 5564: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5536: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5515: 5507: 5505:9780195334036 5501: 5497: 5496: 5488: 5480: 5468: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5422: 5416: 5407: 5391: 5387: 5380: 5365: 5363:9780195334036 5359: 5355: 5351: 5350: 5342: 5336: 5331: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5280: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5254:Siege of Retz 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5166: 5163: 5160: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4978: 4970:to both sides 4969: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4878: 4874: 4867: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4841: 4839: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4812: 4808: 4792: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4690:John Haugwitz 4688: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4549: 4548: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4423: 4418: 4411: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4295: 4288: 4284: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4264: 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3746: 3744: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3708: 3703: 3696: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3612: 3605: 3601: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3557: 3550: 3546: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3455: 3451: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3268: 3261: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3151: 3150:Vuk Grgurević 3147: 3140: 3136: 3134: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3008: 3004: 3002: 3001:Vuk Grgurević 2998: 2991: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2944: 2941: 2934: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2890:Vuk Grgurević 2887: 2880: 2873: 2868:Francis Dóczy 2866: 2859: 2852: 2845: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2483:Vuk Grgurević 2480: 2475:František Hag 2473: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2454: 2447: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2387: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2224: 2217: 2210: 2203: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2176: 2172: 2166: 2160:Michael Fants 2158: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2119: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2062: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2049:Vuk Grgurević 2046: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1882: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1835: 1828: 1821: 1814: 1809: 1804:Jacob Szekler 1802: 1795: 1790: 1778: 1774: 1767: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1617: 1610: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 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1025:Frederick III 1022: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 981: 976: 969: 964: 957: 952: 949: 948:Bastard sword 943: 938: 935: 934:Pavise shield 929: 924: 921: 920:Peasant flail 915: 910: 907: 906:Flanged maces 901: 896: 893: 887: 882: 879: 878: 873: 867: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 832: 831: 829: 828:morning stars 825: 824:melee weapons 821: 809: 802: 797: 794: 792: 791:Swiss pikemen 788: 783: 782: 770: 763: 758: 746: 743: 740: 737: 733: 732:huszarszablya 727: 722: 719: 718: 717: 710: 701: 698: 692: 687: 683: 678: 672: 666: 661: 656: 650: 645: 638:Light cavalry 631: 626: 621: 616: 615:flanged maces 612: 609: 605: 601: 597: 594: 590: 585: 581: 578: 577: 572: 563: 561: 551: 545:Heavy cavalry 539:in the 1480s. 538: 531: 517: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 478: 473: 469: 459: 457: 453: 448: 445: 440: 438: 434: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 387: 385: 384:insurrectio's 381: 377: 372: 369: 365: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 344: 339: 335: 327: 326:Jörg 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