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762:, Germany. Because electrical noise from car engines would interfere with field strength measurements, sentries would stop all traffic in the vicinity for the twenty minutes or so needed for a test. Reversing the order of events in retelling the story created a "tale" where tourists car engine stopped first and then were approached by a German soldier who told them that they had to wait. The soldier returned a short time later to say that the engine would now work and the tourists drove off. Such stories were circulating in Britain around 1938 and during the war British Intelligence relaunched the myth as a "British engine-stopping ray," trying to spoof the Germans into researching what the British had supposedly invented in an attempt to tie up German scientific resources.
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between the two frequencies (infrasonic) e.g. two directional speakers emitting 16,000 Hz and 16,002 Hz frequencies would produce in the ear two frequencies of 32,002 Hz and 2 Hz. The article states: "The squawk box is highly directional which gives it its appeal. Its effective beam width is so small that it can be directed at individuals in a riot. Other members of a crowd are unaffected, except by panic when they see people fainting, being sick, or running from the scene with their hands over their ears. The virtual inaudibility of the equipment is said to produce a 'spooky' psychological effect." The UK's
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1182:. In January 2022, the Central Intelligence Agency issued an interim assessment concluding that the syndrome is not the result of "a sustained global campaign by a hostile power." Foreign involvement was ruled out in 976 cases of the 1,000 reviewed. In February 2022, the State Department released a report by the JASON Advisory Group, which stated that it was highly unlikely that a directed-energy attack had caused the health incidents. The cause of Havana syndrome remains unknown and controversial.
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1012:. In addition, when the East German state collapsed, powerful X-ray equipment was found in prisons without there being any apparent reason to justify its presence. In 1999, the modern German state was investigating the possibility that this X-ray equipment was being used as weaponry and that it was a deliberate policy of the Stasi to attempt to give prisoners radiation poisoning, and thereby cancer, through the use of directed X-rays.
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1066:. This system is officially described (on the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum website) as a low power neutral particle beam (NPB) accelerator, which was among several directed energy weapons examined by the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization for potential use in missile defense. In July 1989, the accelerator was launched from
699:, setting them on fire. Historians point out that the earliest accounts of the battle did not mention a "burning mirror", but merely stated that Archimedes's ingenuity combined with a way to hurl fire were relevant to the victory. Some attempts to replicate this feat have had some success; in particular, an experiment by students at
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A Ukrainian Border Guards serviceman deployed in
Ukraine's eastern Donbas war zone was reported to have sustained a severe eye injury in what Ukrainian commanders said was another use of prohibited blinding laser weapons by Russian-backed forces in warfare. The incident occurred on the afternoon of
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magazine reported that a sonic weapon known as a "squawk box" underwent successful field trials in
Northern Ireland, using soldiers as guinea pigs. The device combined two slightly different frequencies which when heard would be heard as the sum of the two frequencies (ultrasonic) and the difference
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According to the manufacturer's specifications, the systems weigh from 15 to 320 pounds (7 to 145 kg) and can emit sound in a 30°- 60° beam at 2.5 kHz. They range in size from small, portable handheld units which can be strapped to a person's chest, to larger models which require a mount.
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radars mounted on fighter aircraft have been slated as directed energy weapons against missiles, however, a senior US Air Force officer noted: "they aren't particularly suited to create weapons effects on missiles because of limited antenna size, power and field of view". Potentially lethal effects
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The subsequent serious illnesses and premature deaths of dissidents such as the novelist JĂĽrgen Fuchs, and the author of the critical analysis of 'The
Alternative in Eastern Europe', Rudolf Bahro, have been linked by some to the suspicion of exposure to extraordinarily high and sustained levels of
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An example of a laser directed-energy weapon is the DragonFire currently being developed by the United
Kingdom. It is reportedly in the 50 kW class and is capable of engaging any target within line-of-sight at a currently classified range. It has been tested against drones and mortar rounds and is
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makes it a hypothetical candidate for conversion into a directed-energy weapon, by focusing pulses of radar energy on target missiles. The energy spikes are tailored to enter missiles through antennas or sensor apertures where they can fool guidance systems, scramble computer memories or even burn
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as part of the Beam
Experiment Aboard Rocket (BEAR) project, reaching an altitude of 200 kilometers (124 miles) and operating successfully in space before being recovered intact after reentry. The primary objectives of the test were to assess NPB propagation characteristics in space and gauge the
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Degnan, J. H.; Peterkin, Jr; Baca, G. P.; Beason, J. D.; Bell, D. E.; Dearborn, M. E.; Dietz, D.; Douglas, M. R.; Englert, S. E.; Englert, T. J.; Hackett, K. E.; Holmes, J. H.; Hussey, T. W.; Kiuttu, G. F.; Lehr, F. M.; Marklin, G. J.; Mullins, B. W.; Price, D. W.; Roderick, N. F.; Ruden, E. L.;
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as it passed over the facility. Early reports claimed that this was responsible for causing "malfunctions on the space shuttle and distress to the crew", and that the United States filed a diplomatic protest about the incident. However, this story is comprehensively denied by the crew members of
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for riot-control duty. Though intended to cause severe pain while leaving no lasting damage, concern has been voiced as to whether the system could cause irreversible damage to the eyes. There has yet to be testing for long-term side effects of exposure to the microwave beam. It can also destroy
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The system consists of a missile-detecting and tracking subsystem (MDT), a command and control system, and a scanning array. The MDT is a fixed grid of passive infrared (IR) cameras. The command and control system determines the missile launch point. The scanning array projects microwaves that
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China, France, Germany, the United
Kingdom, Russia, India, Israel, and Pakistan are also developing military-grade directed-energy weapons, while Iran and Turkey claim to have them in active service. The first use of directed-energy weapons in combat between military forces was claimed to have
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denied the existence of such a device. It stated that it did have, however, an "ultra-loud public address system which could be 'used for verbal communication over two miles, or put out a sustained or modulated sound blanket to make conversation, and thus crowd organisation, impossible.'"
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X-rays while waiting for interrogations, and being strapped to unpleasant chairs in small prison cells in front of mysterious closed boxes- boxes that, along with their mysterious apparatus, curiously disappeared after the collapse of the SED (Socialist Unity Party of
Germany) system.
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341:. The Ukrainian army are reported to use the Ukrainian KVS G-6, with a 3.5 km range and able to operate continuously for 30 minutes. The manufacturer states that the weapon can disrupt remote control, the transmission of video at 2.4 and 5 GHz, and
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Oct. 1 at an observation point close to the front line near the city of
Maryinka, a Ukrainian-controlled settlement next to the Kremlin-occupied part of Donetsk Oblast, some 570 kilometers southeast of Kyiv, according to the Ukrainian State Border Service.
1098:, electromagnetic weapons, including high power microwaves, were used by the U.S. military to disrupt and destroy Iraqi electronic systems and may have been used for crowd control. Types and magnitudes of exposure to electromagnetic fields are unknown.
643:, and as a non-lethal directed-acoustic-energy weapon. LRAD systems are used for long-range communications in a variety of applications and as a means of non-lethal, non-projectile crowd control. They are also used on ships as an anti-piracy measure.
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U.S. Senate – Committee on
Veterans Affairs: Hearings – Gulf War Illnesses; Testimony to the Senate Veterans Affairs Committee; Meryl Nass, MD, Director of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Mount Desert Island Hospital Bar Harbor, Maine; September 25, 2007
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This UK-developed system was unveiled in May 2024 and uses radio waves to fry the electronic components of its targets, rendering them inoperable. It is capable of engaging multiple targets, including drone swarms, and reportedly costs less than 10
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by the
Americans. The intent was to pre-ionize ignition in aircraft engines and hence serve as anti-aircraft DEW and bring planes down into the reach of the flak. The Rheotron was captured by the Americans in Burggrub on April 14, 1945.
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project (a high energy capacitor bank which provided the means to test weapons and other devices requiring brief and extremely large amounts of energy) to accelerate a toroid of plasma at a significant percentage of the speed of light.
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318:, and operated. While not a rifle or gun, it is so nicknamed as it is handled in the same way as a personal rifle. The device emits separate electromagnetic pulses to suppress navigation and transmission channels used to operate an
172:. This makes aim much more precise and extends the range to line-of-sight, limited only by beam diffraction and spread (which dilute the power and weaken the effect), and absorption or scattering by intervening atmospheric contents.
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The negative effects of the radiation poisoning and cancer would extend past the period of incarceration. In this manner someone could be debilitated even though they were no longer imprisoned. The historian Mary Fulbrook states,
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in the 1960s, in an effort to avoid international condemnation for arresting and interrogating people for holding politically incorrect views or for performing actions deemed hostile by the state the state security service, the
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LRADs are often fitted on commercial and military ships. They have been used on several occasions to repel pirate attacks by sending warnings and by producing intolerable levels of sound. For example, in 2005 the cruise liner
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Due to the threat posed by drones in regard to terrorism, several police forces have carried anti-drone guns as part of their equipment. For example, during the policing of the Commonwealth Games in 2018, the Australian
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The power of the sound beam which LRADs produce is sufficient to penetrate vehicles and buildings while retaining a high degree of fidelity, so that verbal messages can be conveyed clearly in some situations.
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Sovinec, C. R.; Turchi, P. J.; Bird, G.; Coffey, S. K.; Seiler, S. W.; Chen, Y. G.; Gale, D.; Graham, J. D.; Scott, M.; Sommars, W. (August 1993). "Compact toroid formation, compression, and acceleration".
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Some devices are described as microwave weapons; the microwave frequency is commonly defined as being between 300 MHz and 300 GHz (wavelengths of 1 meter to 1 millimeter), which is within the
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A weapon often described as an "anti-drone rifle" or "anti-drone gun" is a battery-powered electromagnetic pulse weapon held to an operator's shoulder, pointed at a flying target in a way similar to a
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The ship's crew triggered a sonic weapon, which sent out ear-splitting bangs to repel the pirates. The Spirit escaped with minor damage and slight injuries to one crew member caused by shrapnel.
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as beam weapons are theoretically possible, but practical weapons have not been demonstrated yet. Certain types of particle beams have the advantage of being self-focusing in the atmosphere.
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1211:, "determining the target effects on personnel is the greatest challenge to the testing community", primarily because "the potential of injury and death severely limits human tests".
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Thermal blooming occurs in both charged and neutral particle beams, and occurs when particles bump into one another under the effects of thermal vibration, or bump into air molecules.
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in flight. Panel discussions on the role of high-power lasers in SDI took place at various laser conferences, during the 1980s, with the participation of noted physicists including
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are produced only inside 100 meters range, and disruptive effects at distances on the order of one kilometer. Moreover, cheap countermeasures can be applied to existing missiles.
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141:, most directed-energy weapons are still at the experimental stage and it remains to be seen if or when they will be deployed as practical, high-performance military weapons.
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1155:, the Terra-3 facility was found to be a low-power laser testing site with limited satellite tracking capabilities, which is now abandoned and partially disassembled.
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Stories in the 1930s and World War II gave rise to the idea of an "engine-stopping ray". They seemed to have arisen from the testing of the television transmitter in
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carried anti-drone guns with an effective range of 3 km (2 mi). In Myanmar, police have been equipped with anti-drone guns "ostensibly to defend VIPs".
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997:, attempted alternative methods of repression which could paralyze people without imprisoning them. One such alternative method was called decomposition (transl.
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Use of high-powered microwave weapons, which are typically used to degrade and damage electronics such as drones, can be hard to attribute to a particular actor.
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beam weapons developed under Heinz Schmellenmeier, Richard Gans and Fritz Houtermans. They built an electron accelerator called Rheotron to generate hard X-ray
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Blooming is also a problem in particle-beam weapons. Energy that would otherwise be focused on the target spreads out and the beam becomes less effective:
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PIRATES were kept away from the British cruise ship Spirit of Adventure by a loud sonic boom device deployed to deafen them, sources revealed last night.
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quickly concluded that it was not feasible, but as a consequence suggested using radio for the detection of aircraft and this started the development of
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is a ground-based airport defense system that directs high-frequency microwaves towards any projectile that is fired at an aircraft. It was announced by
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disrupt the surface-to-air missile's guidance system, deflecting it from the aircraft. Vigilant Eagle was not mentioned on Raytheon's Web site in 2022.
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created a mirror with an adjustable focal length (or more likely, a series of mirrors focused on a common point) to focus sunlight on ships of the
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effects on spacecraft components. Despite continued research into NPBs, no known weapon system utilizing this technology has been deployed.
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Laser weapons potentially eliminate many logistical problems in terms of ammunition supply, as long as there is enough energy to power them.
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in 2005, and the effectiveness of its waveforms was reported to have been demonstrated in field tests to be highly effective in defeating
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Depending on several operational factors, directed-energy weapons may be cheaper to operate than conventional weapons in certain contexts.
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in 1984. At the time, the Soviet Union was concerned that the shuttle was being used as a reconnaissance platform. On 10 October 1984 (
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is a millimeter wave source that heats the water in a human target's skin and thus causes incapacitating pain. It was developed by the
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A notable example of a directed energy system which came out of the SDI program is the Neutral Particle Beam Accelerator developed by
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of 1980. Weapons that go beyond non-lethal intentions and cause 'superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering' may also violate the
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Directed-energy weapons can be used discreetly; radiation does not generate sound and is invisible if outside the visible spectrum.
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to develop an air-launched directed-energy weapon capable of incapacitating or damaging electronic systems by means of an EMP (
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2380:"The Ukrainian armed forces used the EDM4S Sky Wiper anti-drone cannon to shoot down the Russian Eleron-3 reconnaissance UAV"
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Also, "directed-energy weapons that target the central nervous system and cause neurophysiological disorders may violate the
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1831:"Announced In 2017, Why Pakistan's Fifth-Gen Stealth Fighter Jet Program 'Project Azm' Fails To Attract Foreign Partners?"
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could act on organ tissues and fluids by repeatedly compressing and releasing compressive resistant organs such as the
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639:(formerly LRAD Corporation) to send messages and warning tones over longer distances or at higher volume than normal
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is reported to have a range of two kilometers, covering a 20-degree sector; it also suppresses the drone's cameras.
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used a sonic weapon to defend itself from Somali pirates in the Indian ocean. A few years later, the cruise liner
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Particle-beam weapons can use charged or neutral particles, and can be either endoatmospheric or exoatmospheric.
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Magnus Karlsson (2009). "Bofors HPM Blackout". Artilleri-Tidskrift (2–2009): s. s 12–15. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
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713:) and were never able to make the target ship catch fire, declaring the myth busted three separate times.
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is a high-powered microwave weapon that is said to be able to destroy at short distance a wide variety of
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It has been claimed that the USSR made use of the lasers at the Terra-3 site to target the Space Shuttle
1001:). In the 1970s and 1980s it became the primary method of repressing domestic "hostile-negative" forces.
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129:. These systems of missile defense are expected to come online no sooner than the mid to late-2020s.
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The E-Bomb: How America's New Directed Energy Weapons Will Change the Way Future Wars Will Be Fought
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showed that a mirror-based weapon was at least possible, if not necessarily practical. The hosts of
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Electrical blooming occurs only in charged particle beams, as ions of like charge repel one another.
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3242:"Neutral Particle Beam Accelerator, Beam Experiment Aboard Rocket | National Air and Space Museum"
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that it had twelve reports of Soviet forces using laser weapons against Chinese forces during the
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Asadi-Pooya AA (December 2023). "Havana syndrome: a scoping review of the existing literature".
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207:(RF) range. Some examples of weapons which have been publicized by the military are as follows:
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rounds easily deformed the parabolic reflectors, rendering the wave amplification ineffective.
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Another approach was Ernst Schiebolds 'Röntgenkanone' developed from 1943 in Großostheim near
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increasingly put its hopes on research into technologically revolutionary secret weapons, the
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described decomposition methods as 'an attack on the human soul'. He died of a rare form of
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engineers developed a sonic cannon that could cause fatal vibrations in its target body. A
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Dennis, Mike (2003). "Tackling the enemy- quiet repression and preventive decomposition".
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STS-41-G and knowledgeable members of the US intelligence community. After the end of the
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was used on several occasions to temporarily "blind" US spy satellites in the IR range.
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Directed energy weapons could have several main advantages over conventional weaponry:
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Proceedings of the Linear Accelerator Conference 1990, los Alamos National Laboratory
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1474:"Laser directed energy weapons likely to receive the most investment in future: Poll"
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also defended itself from Somali pirates by using its LRAD to force them to retreat.
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4019:"Report: China building electromagnetic pulse weapons for use against U.S. carriers"
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2854:"Robert Watson-Watt biography - Science Hall of Fame - National Library of Scotland"
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Interference with breathing poses the most significant, potentially lethal results.
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Though the strategic missile defense concept has continued to the present under the
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This article is about real uses of directed energy weapons. For fictional uses, see
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Lasers travel at light-speed and have long range, making them suitable for use in
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Magnetically Accelerated Ring to Achieve Ultra-high Directed-Energy and Radiation
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Members of the Directed Energy and Electric Weapon Systems Program Office of the
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US claims that China has used high-energy lasers to interfere with US satellites
3877:"Another blinding laser attack on Ukrainian soldier reported in Donbas war zone"
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2361:"Defense News - Russian army confirms use of Stupor anti-drone rifle in Ukraine"
2092:, University of Wisconsin Electromagnetic Spectrum Tutorial, accessed 22/06/2013
1703:"Future technologies must be propelled by power of today's youth: DRDO chairman"
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4104:(AP) article on weapons deployment in Iraq, Active Denial System and Stunstrike
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2348:. Russia Today. 22 July 2022 – via VOI - Waktunya Merevolusi Pemberitaan.
1788:"Israel deployed Iron Beam laser system on Gaza front, Rafael chairman reveals"
1681:"KALI: India's weapon to destroy any uninvited missiles and aircrafts [
1513:"The French Have Plans For A Constellation Of Laser-Armed Miniature Satellites"
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3468:"CIA says 'Havana Syndrome' not result of sustained campaign by hostile power"
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Applied Energetics – Photonic and high-voltage energetics (formerly Ionatron)
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3436:"Most 'Havana Syndrome' Cases Unlikely Caused by Foreign Power, C.I.A. Says"
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Havana syndrome is a disputed medical condition reported by US personnel in
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Martin O'Collins, director (21 February 2006). "Weird Weapons: The Axis".
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2450:"The Anti-Drone Arms Race: Inside the Fight to Protect the World's Skies"
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Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project (CHAMP)
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Connolly, Matthew; Hawkshaw, Mary J.; Sataloff, Robert T. (2024-07-01).
1602:"A farewell to traditional arms: Russia develops weapons for the future"
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1872:
1225:
Some common bio-effects of non-lethal electromagnetic weapons include:
1219:
1114:
998:
943:
842:
810:
798:
688:
581:
562:
111:
United States Army Armament Research Development and Engineering Center
3357:
2610:
2152:
5221:
4307:
4063:"Air Force Wants New Energy Weapons to Cause Non-Lethal 'Bioeffects'"
4041:"Army Orders Pain Ray Trucks; New Report Shows 'Potential for Death'"
3970:
3494:"An Analysis of Data and Hypotheses Related to the Embassy Incidents"
3405:"Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers"
2602:
2224:
2068:"Defence IQ talks to Dr PalĂšek about Directed Energy Weapon systems"
1969:
1179:
1043:
834:
806:
739:
337:
Both Russia and Ukraine are reported to use these devices during the
133:
occurred in Libya in August 2019 by Turkey, which claimed to use the
79:
27:
Type of weapon that fires a concentrated beam of energy at its target
3265:
P. G. O'Shea; T. A. Butler; M. T. Lynch; K. F. McKenna; et al.
2646:
5027:
3881:
3267:"A Linear Accelerator in Space – The Beam Experiment Aboard Rocket"
2346:"Russia Uses Stupor Technology To Ward Off Ukrainian Drone Attacks"
2170:
1274:
Russia has reportedly been using blinding laser weapons during the
1260:
1152:
1143:
1095:
977:
902:
825:. (It had little detectable effect on malleable organs such as the
573:
357:
310:
A Pischal-Pro anti-drone rifle, featured at the Dubai Airshow, 2019
243:
223:
4449:
3898:
3694:
2945:
Reports of Use of Laser Weapons By The Soviets Against the Chinese
2320:
Colonel of Aviation Grigoriy "Grisha" Medved (retd) (2008-04-13).
5411:
5383:
5378:
5293:
4247:
4205:
2012:"Is Turkey the first country to shoot down a drone with a laser?"
1126:
858:
830:
802:
790:
636:
561:
consisting of atomic electrons and nuclei, and free electrons if
512:
expected to equip ships, aircraft and ground vehicles from 2027.
440:
379:
Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project
372:
Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project
346:
247:
161:
157:
3835:
3642:
2625:"Russia is developing laser, electromagnetic and plasma weapons"
2527:"Cutting-edge drone killer radio wave weapon developing at pace"
968:
963:
753:
4577:
4519:
4136:"How 'Revolutionary' Is CHAMP, New Air Force Microwave Weapon?"
3183:
The People's State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker
2530:
1416:"Drones, lasers, and tanks: China shows off its latest weapons"
1237:
1121:
as anti-ballistic missile systems, and later as a tracking and
1101:
1009:
1005:
818:
814:
794:
611:
494:
71:
31:
3809:"Non-Lethal Weaponry: From Tactical to Strategic Applications"
2294:
885:
Among the directed-energy weapons the Nazis investigated were
4220:
4215:
994:
886:
854:
826:
822:
786:
747:
453:
353:
315:
102:
75:
2129:"Directed energy weapons: a new look at an 'old' technology"
1335:
Golden Eye-style energy beam is developed by Nato scientists
893:
beams for the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM). Invented by
2364:
1891:"Iran achieves Laser Weapon System's deflection technology"
1435:"New Chinese Microwave Weapon Can Short Out IEDs and Tanks"
1242:
1008:
and claimed that they had also been targeted with directed
838:
765:
330:
is reported to have been used by Russian forces during the
269:(COTS) electronic equipment and is purportedly non-lethal.
4546:
2882:
Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939–1945
2409:
Farmer, Clare; Evans, Richard; Goldsworthy, Terry (2023).
2191:"Raytheon focuses on non-lethal weapons", Andrew Johnson,
1728:"DRDO plans Star Wars-style weapons for battles of future"
1178:
and other locations, originally suspected to be caused by
669:
Archimedes may have used mirrors acting collectively as a
3288:"Ground-breaking experiment artifact now at the Bradbury"
3224:
Proceedings of the International Conference on Lasers '87
3207:
Proceedings of the International Conference on Lasers '85
2502:"Raytheon EMP weapon tested by Boeing, USAF Research Lab"
913:. Richert Seifert & Co from Hamburg delivered parts.
342:
272:
3820:
National Strategic Studies | National Defense University
3563:
3503:. United States Department of State. February 10, 2022.
2809:"Robert Watson-Watt: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland"
2579:
2055:
IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News
916:
1495:"EDA Studying the Use of Naval Directed Energy Weapons"
809:. At distances of 50–200 meters (160–660 ft), the
789:. This sound, magnified by the dish reflectors, caused
388:
is a joint concept technology demonstration led by the
3977:
Beijing secretly fires lasers to disable US satellites
2411:
Policing & Firearms: New Perspectives and Insights
1620:"Russia's new MiG-35 fighter jet to use laser weapons"
1552:"Dragonfire laser turret unveiled at DSEI 2017 – MBDA"
289:
3236:
3234:
3106:"World: Europe Dissidents say Stasi gave them cancer"
2553:"Dragonfire, a guide to the new British laser weapon"
1945:"Turkey's laser weapon ARMOL passes acceptance tests"
1873:"Iran starts producing laser weapons for air defense"
1576:"Dragonfire, a guide to the new British laser weapon"
1375:
General, Ryan; Read, 2016·1 Min (December 20, 2016).
1146:), the Terra-3 tracking laser was allegedly aimed at
797:
at 200–400 meters (220–440 yd) by vibrating the
332:
Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war
2295:
David A. Fulghum & Douglas Barrie (2005-09-06).
1207:
The TECOM Technology Symposium in 1997 concluded on
606:
3988:
China Attempted To Blind U.S. Satellites With Laser
117:are researching directed-energy weapons to counter
3724:Giannangeli, Marco; Jeory, Ted (16 January 2011).
3231:
2749:Directed-Energy Weapons: No Longer Science Fiction
841:tissue was affected at only the closest ranges as
709:tackled the Mirrors of Archimedes three times (in
4060:
3966:China jamming test sparks U.S. satellite concerns
3566:"Havana syndrome: Overview for otolaryngologists"
3185:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 245.
2133:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
1004:Some of the victims of this method suffered from
615:The LRAD is the round black device on top of the
5462:
3723:
3557:
2061:
1835:Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News
1347:"Milsat Magazine, Satnews Daily, June 24th 2009"
1047:. It suggested that lasers, perhaps space-based
592:claims to be developing various plasma weapons.
156:Light is, for practical purposes, unaffected by
4110:Boeing Tests Laser-Mounted Humvee as IED Hunter
4038:
4008:"China Has Not Attacked US Satellites Says DoD"
2834:"How the search for a 'death ray' led to radar"
2288:
1970:"Janes | Latest defence and security news"
1259:Light and repetitive visual signals can induce
1202:
1025:
845:is highly compressible and only the blood rich
421:The Tactical High-power Operational Responder (
3726:"Pirate raid on cruise ship foiled by 'blast'"
3522:
2923:"Forschungsstätte für Hitlers "Todesstrahlen""
2696:"How to Dodge the Sonic Weapon Used by Police"
940:doubted that they had actually been employed.
441:Radio Frequency Directed Energy Weapon (RFDEW)
4562:
4465:
4157:
3999:China Has Not Attacked US Satellites Says DoD
3670:
3351:
3349:
3027:"Acoustic Weapons - A Prospective Assessment"
2263:
2261:
2126:
1531:"High Energy Laser For Multiple Applications"
3673:Weapons under International Human Rights Law
3396:
2911:. Season 12. Episode 8. The History Channel.
2476:"Leave Them Sitting In Silence, In The Dark"
2433:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2103:"US Navy Laser Weapon Fires At $ 1 Per Shot"
1988:"Turkey's laser gun passes acceptance tests"
1909:"Iran is Producing Laser Air Defense System"
1770:"Israeli-Made High-Energy Laser Makes Debut"
1651:"Russia's combat laser weapons declassified"
1377:"The Chinese Military Now Has Laser Weapons"
1351:U.S. Navy Laser Versus UAVs... Laser Wins...
980:in 1990 which he believed was the result of
70:that damages its target with highly focused
4119:, Vol. 7, No. 1 – "Directed Energy Weapons"
4016:
3871:
3528:
2693:
2037:"Navy's new laser weapon: Hype or reality?"
1400:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1374:
1113:invested some effort in the development of
4569:
4555:
4472:
4458:
4432:
4164:
4150:
3346:
3160:. Pearson Education Limited. p. 112.
3129:
2258:
1158:
944:Northern Ireland "squawk box" field trials
54:-500X sonic weapon (Warsaw, Poland, 2011).
37:"DEW" redirects here. For other uses, see
4171:
3486:
3000:"How dangerous is the Army's squawk box?"
2643:"Applications – LRAD Corporation website"
2270:"Israel tests improved Arrow interceptor"
2043:
144:
3613:"Pirates shoot at Britons' cruise liner"
3180:
2447:
2029:
1432:
1324:
967:
766:German World War II experimental weapons
664:
660:
610:
467:
305:
45:
4131:Ogonek Report on '21st Century Weapons'
3806:
3767:
3671:Casley-Maslen, Stuart (24 March 2014).
3403:Broad, William J. (September 1, 2018).
3099:
3097:
3074:
3024:
2997:
2831:
2741:
2666:
2267:
1648:
1489:
1487:
1468:
1466:
1216:Certain Conventional Weapons Convention
1185:
356:anti drone rifle to shoot down Russian
210:
14:
5463:
4288:Differential technological development
3746:from the original on 18 September 2021
3434:Barnes, Julian E. (January 20, 2022).
3433:
3321:
3319:
3155:
3075:Tierney, Dominic (13 September 2020).
2961:from the original on January 23, 2017.
2943:Colby, William E. (October 29, 1974).
2789:"The pioneer who went under the radar"
2371:
2359:Frahan, Alain Henry de (6 July 2022).
2358:
2352:
2340:
2338:
2313:
1927:"IRGC Navy develops anti-laser weapon"
1725:
1599:
1453:"How China Is Weaponizing Outer Space"
1340:
1331:"Daily Telegraph, 12th September 2013"
901:in the 1930s, these were later called
447:Radio Frequency Directed Energy Weapon
273:EL/M-2080 Green Pine|EL/M-2080 Green P
257:
74:without a solid projectile, including
4550:
4453:
4145:
3913:from the original on 13 November 2021
3610:
3510:from the original on October 14, 2022
3474:from the original on January 28, 2022
3448:from the original on January 29, 2022
3402:
3325:
2998:Rodwell, Robert (27 September 1973).
2942:
2876:
2673:. Captain Peter Corbett. p. 65.
2185:
917:Reported use in Sino-Soviet conflicts
853:was highly vulnerable to enemy fire.
849:resist compression. In practice, the
721:
549:Plasma weapons fire a beam, bolt, or
493:is a directed-energy weapon based on
286:out sensitive electronic components.
4039:Hambling, David (October 10, 2008).
3853:from the original on 1 February 2022
3771:Human Effects Advisory Panel Program
3103:
3094:
2753:Aviation Week & Space Technology
2301:Aviation Week & Space Technology
2275:Aviation Week & Space Technology
2127:Grand-Clément, Sarah (12 May 2022).
1806:"A Pragmatic Vision for Project Azm"
1726:Pandit, Rajat (September 14, 2020).
1484:
1463:
1222:to the Geneva Conventions of 1977."
4479:
4377:Future-oriented technology analysis
4061:Beckhusen, Robert (April 1, 2013).
3807:Herbert, Dennis B. (1 March 1991).
3649:from the original on 12 August 2021
3316:
3077:"How Putin Got Into America's Mind"
2786:
2694:Peskoe-Yang, Lynne (17 June 2020).
2473:
2448:Campbell, Charlie (23 March 2023).
2390:from the original on 6 October 2022
2335:
1433:Mizokami, Kyle (January 30, 2017).
1365:– Aviationweek.com, 20 January 2015
1125:system. There are reports that the
1041:(SDI) program, which was nicknamed
964:East German "decomposition" methods
754:The fictional "engine-stopping ray"
352:signals. Ukraine has also used the
301:
290:Active electronically scanned array
24:
3570:American Journal of Otolaryngology
3460:
3427:
3355:
2954:. CIA-RDP80M01048A000800160004-5.
2377:
1649:Sudakov, Dmitry (August 3, 2016).
1626:. January 27, 2017. Archived from
1163:
1102:Alleged tracking of Space Shuttle
377:This paragraph is an excerpt from
220:U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory
25:
5492:
4084:
3415:from the original on May 13, 2020
3381:. Astronautix.com. Archived from
3328:"Silent Space Is Being Monitored"
3130:Wensierski, Peter (16 May 1999).
2499:
2205:Raytheon Vigilant Eagle datasheet
742:" was possible. He and colleague
607:Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD)
234:
94:, vehicles, and optical devices.
18:Blooming (directed-energy weapon)
5445:
5444:
4431:
4138:, November 28, 2012 by David Axe
3865:
3800:
3768:John M., Kenny (22 March 2000).
3761:
3717:
3611:Smith, David (6 November 2005).
2367:– via armyrecognition.com.
2268:Fulghum, David A. (2005-12-17).
2221:BAE Systems | International
515:
414:This section is an excerpt from
339:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
168:, giving it an almost perfectly
3664:
3604:
3371:
3304:
3280:
3258:
3212:
3199:
3174:
3149:
3123:
3068:
3018:
2991:
2965:
2936:
2915:
2898:
2870:
2846:
2825:
2801:
2780:
2762:
2713:
2687:
2660:
2635:
2617:
2573:
2545:
2519:
2493:
2478:. Aviation Week. Archived from
2467:
2441:
2402:
2240:
2231:
2209:
2198:
2158:
2146:
2120:
2095:
2076:
2004:
1980:
1962:
1937:
1919:
1901:
1883:
1865:
1848:
1823:
1798:
1780:
1762:
1744:
1719:
1695:
1673:
1642:
1612:
1600:Egorov, Boris (July 12, 2017).
1593:
1568:
1544:
1523:
1505:
1363:Thaad-ER In Search Of A Mission
934:1969 Sino-Soviet border clashes
716:
478:Phalanx Close-In Weapons System
432:developed by the United States
408:
3470:. NBC News. January 20, 2022.
1445:
1426:
1408:
1368:
1356:
1064:Los Alamos National Laboratory
785:pulse-detonated at roughly 44
13:
1:
4404:Technology in science fiction
4017:Gertz, Bill (July 21, 2011).
3932:
3034:Science & Global Security
2884:. Coronet. pp. 84, 124.
1752:"What is Israel's Iron Beam?"
500:
434:Air Force Research Laboratory
390:Air Force Research Laboratory
107:Air Force Research Laboratory
3582:10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104332
2973:"Army tests new riot weapon"
2770:"2.009 Archimedes Death Ray"
2155:, microwaves and radio waves
1203:Non-lethal weapon capability
1039:Strategic Defense Initiative
1026:Strategic Defense Initiative
197:
50:Police car equipped with an
7:
4859:National Revolutionary Army
4576:
3158:The Stasi: Myth and Reality
2952:Central Intelligence Agency
2832:Harford, Tim (2017-10-09).
1281:
1089:
923:Central Intelligence Agency
394:Directed Energy Directorate
135:ALKA directed-energy weapon
10:
5497:
4671:War of the Triple Alliance
4495:All gas-phase iodine laser
4409:Technology readiness level
4345:Technological unemployment
4003:United Press International
3677:Cambridge University Press
3132:"In Kopfhöhe ausgerichtet"
2925:. Main-netz.de. 2009-08-19
2813:undiscoveredscotland.co.uk
2787:Sim, Philip (2014-05-15).
2670:A Modern Plague of Pirates
2153:RF vs Microwave Freq range
2072:Defence iQ', Nov. 20, 2012
1167:
680:
655:
650:
625:Long Range Acoustic Device
599:
519:
504:
482:
444:
413:
376:
283:EL/M-2080 Green Pine radar
123:hypersonic cruise missiles
36:
29:
5476:Electromagnetic radiation
5440:
5404:
5174:
5127:
5026:
4868:
4822:
4699:
4691:Pre-20th century firearms
4631:
4593:
4584:
4528:
4487:
4427:
4392:Technological singularity
4352:Technological convergence
4270:
4186:
4179:
3054:10.1080/08929880108426495
2506:Military Embedded Systems
2413:. Springer. p. 135.
1774:National Defense Magazine
1252:Other systemic discomfort
1068:White Sands Missile Range
544:
366:Queensland Police Service
127:hypersonic glide vehicles
115:Naval Research Laboratory
5079:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
5069:South African Border War
4851:Second Sino-Japanese War
3209:(STS, McLean, Va, 1986).
3025:Altmann, Jurgen (2001).
2979:: 684. 20 September 1973
2322:"Grisha's Radar fry-off"
2297:"Radar Becomes A Weapon"
2166:"The Pentagon's Ray Gun"
1318:
673:to burn ships attacking
595:
565:, or other particles if
463:
279:effective radiated power
267:commercial off-the-shelf
192:
139:research and development
5471:Directed-energy weapons
5059:Portuguese Colonial War
4357:Technological evolution
4330:Exploratory engineering
3543:10.1515/reveh-2021-0182
3226:(STS, McLean, Va, 1988)
3181:Fulbrook, Mary (2008).
3046:2001S&GS....9..165A
2667:Corbett, Peter (2009).
1478:airforce-technology.com
1159:Modern 21st-century use
868:In the later phases of
770:During the early 1940s
711:episodes 19, 57 and 172
687:According to a legend,
633:acoustic hailing device
398:Kirtland Air Force Base
5427:Civilian gun ownership
4536:Directed-energy weapon
4367:Technology forecasting
4362:Technological paradigm
4335:Proactionary principle
4211:Directed-energy weapon
3942:. Doug Beason (2005).
1076:Missile Defense Agency
1023:
985:
801:bones and shaking the
736:Radio Research Station
695:fleet as they invaded
678:
620:
557:, which is an excited
480:
430:directed energy weapon
311:
229:unshielded electronics
145:Operational advantages
97:In the United States,
60:directed-energy weapon
55:
5104:Nicaraguan Revolution
5054:Araguaia Guerilla War
4623:Early thermal weapons
4293:Disruptive innovation
4173:Emerging technologies
3959:Jane's Defence Weekly
3816:Joint Force Quarterly
2324:. Air Power Australia
1691:. September 21, 2015.
1303:L3Harris Technologies
1293:Electromagnetic pulse
1119:carbon dioxide lasers
1018:
971:
726:In 1935, the British
668:
661:Mirrors of Archimedes
614:
471:
402:electromagnetic pulse
309:
49:
5109:Salvadoran Civil War
4676:Spanish–American War
4651:American Indian Wars
4340:Technological change
4283:Collingridge dilemma
4226:Particle-beam weapon
4024:The Washington Times
3777:(Technical report).
2193:The Arizona Republic
2057:. 27 September 2017.
1915:. November 16, 2019.
1501:. November 18, 2019.
1229:Difficulty breathing
1186:Anti-piracy measures
683:Archimedes' heat ray
522:Particle-beam weapon
427:high-power microwave
350:satellite navigation
216:Active Denial System
211:Active Denial System
39:DEW (disambiguation)
5162:Russo-Ukrainian War
5099:Dominican Civil War
5074:Cambodian Civil War
5035:First Indochina War
4397:Technology scouting
4372:Accelerating change
4201:Caseless ammunition
4112:, November 13, 2007
3982:The Daily Telegraph
3788:on 14 November 2004
3334:on 10 December 2011
3205:Wang, C. P. (Ed.),
2631:. January 22, 2017.
2595:1993PhFlB...5.2938D
2583:Physics of Fluids B
2561:. 18 September 2017
2227:on August 25, 2010.
1951:. 30 September 2019
1276:Russo-Ukrainian War
1197:Spirit of Adventure
1180:microwave radiation
982:radiation poisoning
957:Ministry of Defence
671:parabolic reflector
507:DragonFire (weapon)
263:Bofors HPM Blackout
258:Bofors HPM Blackout
137:. After decades of
5481:Non-lethal weapons
5152:Russo-Georgian War
5094:Lebanese Civil War
5064:Rhodesian Bush War
4681:Mexican Revolution
4666:American Civil War
4656:War of the Pacific
4646:Napoleonic Warfare
4414:Technology roadmap
4253:Stealth technology
4243:Pure fusion weapon
4124:2016-10-07 at the
4091:Airpower Australia
3875:(2 October 2018).
3873:Ponomarenko, Illia
3531:Rev Environ Health
3441:The New York Times
3409:The New York Times
3326:Kononenko, Boris.
3246:airandspace.si.edu
2558:UK Defence Journal
2378:Trinko, Myroslav.
2088:2013-05-31 at the
2051:"Full Page Reload"
2018:. 3 September 2019
1895:worldbulletin.net/
1794:. 20 January 2024.
1732:The Times of India
1630:on August 14, 2020
1580:UK Defence Journal
1308:Laser applications
1288:Electronic warfare
1209:non-lethal weapons
986:
779:combustion chamber
732:Robert Watson-Watt
722:Robert Watson-Watt
679:
621:
590:Russian Federation
588:Additionally, the
481:
312:
119:ballistic missiles
56:
5458:
5457:
5170:
5169:
5114:Soviet–Afghan War
5089:Laotian Civil War
4837:Spanish Civil War
4544:
4543:
4515:Gas dynamic laser
4447:
4446:
4266:
4265:
4196:Antimatter weapon
3962:, 18 October 2006
3731:The Daily Express
3104:Stiastny, Terry.
2700:Popular Mechanics
2680:978-0-9562107-0-8
2482:on March 21, 2010
2420:978-3-031-13013-7
2083:Spectrum Tutorial
1439:Popular Mechanics
899:Siemens-Schuckert
16:(Redirected from
5488:
5448:
5447:
5324:Mass destruction
5232:Blunt instrument
5157:Syrian Civil War
4591:
4590:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4547:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4451:
4450:
4435:
4434:
4382:Horizon scanning
4298:Ephemeralization
4184:
4183:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4143:
4142:
4117:WSTIAC Quarterly
4079:
4077:
4075:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4035:
4033:
4031:
3927:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3813:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3781:. Archived from
3776:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3654:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3498:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3356:Zaloga, Steven.
3353:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3330:. Archived from
3323:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3252:
3238:
3229:
3216:
3210:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3031:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2949:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2760:
2747:Bill Sweetman. "
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2645:. Archived from
2639:
2633:
2632:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2603:10.1063/1.860681
2589:(8): 2938–2958.
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2500:Lewis, Brandon.
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2474:Fulghum, David.
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2223:. Archived from
2213:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2107:Defenseworld.net
2099:
2093:
2080:
2074:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1933:. March 3, 2019.
1923:
1917:
1916:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1661:on July 18, 2020
1657:. Archived from
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1540:. February 2021.
1538:cilas.ariane.com
1535:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1519:. July 26, 2019.
1509:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1480:. July 23, 2021.
1470:
1461:
1460:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1422:. 18 March 2019.
1412:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1344:
1338:
1328:
1271:can also occur.
1051:, could destroy
783:parabolic dishes
302:Anti-drone rifle
21:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5436:
5432:Science fiction
5400:
5272:Directed-energy
5166:
5142:Afghanistan War
5123:
5022:
4864:
4824:Interwar period
4818:
4719:Austria-Hungary
4695:
4627:
4580:
4575:
4545:
4540:
4524:
4483:
4481:Chemical lasers
4478:
4448:
4443:
4423:
4262:
4258:Vortex ring gun
4175:
4170:
4126:Wayback Machine
4106:, July 10, 2005
4087:
4082:
4073:
4071:
4051:
4049:
4029:
4027:
3935:
3930:
3916:
3914:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3811:
3805:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3774:
3766:
3762:
3749:
3747:
3722:
3718:
3687:
3679:. p. 154.
3669:
3665:
3652:
3650:
3609:
3605:
3562:
3558:
3527:
3523:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3386:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3358:"RED STAR WARS"
3354:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3296:
3294:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3250:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3217:
3213:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3102:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3073:
3069:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2947:
2941:
2937:
2928:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2875:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2665:
2661:
2652:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2629:The Independent
2623:
2622:
2618:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2483:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2446:
2442:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2407:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2376:
2372:
2357:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2303:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2278:
2266:
2259:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2175:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2090:Wayback Machine
2081:
2077:
2066:
2062:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2039:. May 18, 2015.
2035:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1856:"MODP Document"
1854:
1853:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1758:. Nov 13, 2023.
1750:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1457:thediplomat.com
1451:
1450:
1446:
1431:
1427:
1420:Popular Science
1414:
1413:
1409:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1357:
1353:, Oct. 08, 2013
1345:
1341:
1337:, Oct. 08, 2013
1329:
1325:
1321:
1313:MEDUSA (weapon)
1284:
1269:motion sickness
1205:
1193:Seabourn Spirit
1188:
1172:
1170:Havana syndrome
1166:
1164:Havana syndrome
1161:
1107:
1092:
1028:
966:
946:
930:Henry Kissinger
919:
843:atmospheric air
781:leading to two
768:
756:
724:
719:
685:
663:
658:
653:
609:
604:
598:
559:state of matter
547:
524:
518:
509:
503:
487:
466:
449:
443:
438:
437:
419:
411:
406:
405:
382:
374:
304:
292:
275:
260:
237:
213:
200:
195:
170:flat trajectory
147:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5494:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5284:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5207:Anti-personnel
5204:
5202:Anti-ballistic
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5003:United Kingdom
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4918:Czechoslovakia
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4848:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4804:United Kingdom
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4551:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4477:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4428:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4169:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4133:
4128:
4113:
4107:
4098:
4093:
4086:
4085:External links
4083:
4081:
4080:
4058:
4036:
4014:
4005:
3996:
3985:
3974:
3963:
3951:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3864:
3799:
3760:
3716:
3686:978-1107027879
3685:
3663:
3603:
3556:
3537:(4): 655–661.
3521:
3485:
3459:
3426:
3395:
3370:
3345:
3315:
3303:
3279:
3257:
3230:
3211:
3198:
3191:
3173:
3166:
3148:
3122:
3093:
3067:
3017:
2990:
2964:
2935:
2914:
2908:Modern Marvels
2897:
2890:
2869:
2858:digital.nls.uk
2845:
2824:
2800:
2779:
2761:
2740:
2712:
2686:
2679:
2659:
2634:
2616:
2572:
2544:
2518:
2492:
2466:
2440:
2419:
2401:
2370:
2351:
2334:
2312:
2287:
2257:
2239:
2230:
2208:
2197:
2184:
2157:
2145:
2119:
2094:
2075:
2060:
2042:
2028:
2003:
1979:
1961:
1936:
1918:
1900:
1882:
1864:
1847:
1822:
1797:
1779:
1761:
1743:
1718:
1694:
1672:
1641:
1611:
1592:
1567:
1543:
1522:
1504:
1483:
1462:
1444:
1425:
1407:
1367:
1355:
1339:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1233:Disorientation
1230:
1204:
1201:
1187:
1184:
1168:Main article:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1123:anti-satellite
1106:
1100:
1091:
1088:
1032:U.S. President
1030:In the 1980s,
1027:
1024:
965:
962:
945:
942:
918:
915:
803:cochlear fluid
767:
764:
755:
752:
744:Arnold Wilkins
723:
720:
718:
715:
681:Main article:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
619:police Hummer.
608:
605:
602:Sonic weaponry
600:Main article:
597:
594:
546:
543:
542:
541:
538:
528:Particle beams
520:Main article:
517:
514:
505:Main article:
502:
499:
483:Main article:
465:
462:
445:Main article:
442:
439:
420:
412:
410:
407:
383:
375:
373:
370:
303:
300:
291:
288:
274:
271:
259:
256:
240:Vigilant Eagle
236:
235:Vigilant Eagle
233:
212:
209:
205:radiofrequency
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
173:
166:Coriolis force
154:
146:
143:
84:particle beams
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5493:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5451:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5197:Anti-aircraft
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5173:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5137:Yugoslav Wars
5135:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5129:Post-Cold War
5126:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5084:Iran–Iraq War
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
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5008:United States
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4809:United States
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4641:Early Warfare
4639:
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4419:Transhumanism
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4273:
4269:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:Plasma weapon
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
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3949:
3948:0-306-81402-1
3945:
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3727:
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3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3675:. Cambridge:
3674:
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3579:
3576:(4): 104332.
3575:
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3473:
3469:
3463:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3430:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3385:on 2012-06-20
3384:
3380:
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3333:
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3307:
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3268:
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3247:
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3227:
3225:
3220:
3219:Duarte, F. J.
3215:
3208:
3202:
3194:
3192:9780300144246
3188:
3184:
3177:
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3163:
3159:
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3063:
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3005:
3004:New Scientist
3001:
2994:
2978:
2977:New Scientist
2974:
2968:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2924:
2918:
2910:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2891:0-340-24169-1
2887:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2835:
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2744:
2729:
2722:
2716:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2649:on 2017-03-10
2648:
2644:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2576:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2533:. 16 May 2024
2532:
2528:
2522:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2455:
2454:TIME magazine
2451:
2444:
2436:
2430:
2422:
2416:
2412:
2405:
2389:
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2249:
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2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2201:
2195:, 09-17-2009.
2194:
2188:
2173:
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2167:
2161:
2154:
2149:
2134:
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2017:
2013:
2007:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1950:
1946:
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1932:
1928:
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1910:
1904:
1896:
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1874:
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1836:
1832:
1826:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1757:
1756:The Economist
1753:
1747:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1660:
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1571:
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1539:
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1526:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1499:navalnews.com
1496:
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1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Ivan's hammer
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
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1234:
1231:
1228:
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1223:
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1200:
1198:
1194:
1183:
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1171:
1156:
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1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1084:Boeing NC-135
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1057:Edward Teller
1054:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1037:proposed the
1036:
1035:Ronald Reagan
1033:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
983:
979:
975:
970:
961:
958:
953:
952:
951:New Scientist
941:
939:
938:William Colby
935:
931:
928:
924:
914:
912:
911:Aschaffenburg
907:
904:
900:
896:
895:Max Steenbeck
892:
888:
883:
881:
880:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
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812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
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773:
763:
761:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
714:
712:
708:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
684:
676:
672:
667:
648:
644:
642:
638:
635:developed by
634:
630:
626:
618:
617:New York City
613:
603:
593:
591:
586:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
539:
536:
535:
534:
531:
529:
523:
516:Particle-beam
513:
508:
498:
496:
492:
486:
479:
475:
470:
461:
459:
455:
448:
435:
431:
428:
424:
417:
416:THOR (weapon)
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
380:
369:
367:
361:
359:
355:
351:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
308:
299:
296:
287:
284:
281:(ERP) of the
280:
270:
268:
264:
255:
251:
249:
245:
241:
232:
230:
225:
221:
217:
208:
206:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:space warfare
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:
151:
150:
142:
140:
136:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
68:ranged weapon
65:
61:
53:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5319:Martial arts
5282:Depth charge
5271:
5252:Conventional
4993:Soviet Union
4870:World War II
4535:
4436:
4323:Robot ethics
4231:Sonic weapon
4210:
4116:
4101:
4072:. Retrieved
4066:
4050:. Retrieved
4044:
4028:. Retrieved
4022:
4011:
3993:Defense News
3991:
3980:
3969:
3957:
3939:
3922:
3915:. Retrieved
3880:
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3815:
3802:
3790:. Retrieved
3783:the original
3770:
3763:
3755:
3748:. Retrieved
3729:
3719:
3672:
3666:
3658:
3651:. Retrieved
3618:The Guardian
3616:
3606:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3512:. Retrieved
3500:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3462:
3450:. Retrieved
3439:
3429:
3419:September 2,
3417:. Retrieved
3408:
3398:
3387:. Retrieved
3383:the original
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3336:. Retrieved
3332:the original
3306:
3295:. Retrieved
3292:www.lanl.gov
3291:
3282:
3273:
3260:
3249:. Retrieved
3245:
3223:
3214:
3206:
3201:
3182:
3176:
3157:
3151:
3141:27 September
3139:. Retrieved
3135:
3125:
3115:27 September
3113:. Retrieved
3109:
3086:27 September
3084:. Retrieved
3081:The Atlantic
3080:
3070:
3037:
3033:
3020:
3010:18 September
3008:. Retrieved
3003:
2993:
2983:18 September
2981:. Retrieved
2976:
2967:
2938:
2927:. Retrieved
2917:
2907:
2900:
2881:
2872:
2861:. Retrieved
2857:
2848:
2837:. Retrieved
2827:
2816:. Retrieved
2812:
2803:
2792:. Retrieved
2782:
2773:
2764:
2751:
2743:
2733:18 September
2731:. Retrieved
2727:
2715:
2705:18 September
2703:. Retrieved
2699:
2689:
2669:
2662:
2651:. Retrieved
2647:the original
2637:
2628:
2619:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2563:. Retrieved
2556:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2521:
2509:. Retrieved
2505:
2495:
2484:. Retrieved
2480:the original
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2453:
2443:
2410:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2384:gagadget.com
2383:
2373:
2354:
2326:. Retrieved
2315:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:
2290:
2279:. Retrieved
2273:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2225:the original
2220:
2211:
2200:
2192:
2187:
2176:. Retrieved
2174:. 2008-06-01
2169:
2160:
2148:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2106:
2097:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2031:
2020:. Retrieved
2015:
2006:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1953:. Retrieved
1948:
1939:
1931:Tehran Times
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1850:
1839:. Retrieved
1837:. 2021-12-30
1834:
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1812:. 2020-07-19
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1746:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:
1721:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:
1697:
1688:
1682:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1659:the original
1655:PravdaReport
1654:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1628:the original
1624:PravdaReport
1623:
1614:
1605:
1595:
1584:. Retrieved
1582:. 2017-09-18
1579:
1570:
1559:. Retrieved
1555:
1546:
1537:
1525:
1517:thedrive.com
1516:
1507:
1498:
1477:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1386:December 26,
1384:. Retrieved
1380:
1370:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1273:
1258:
1255:
1224:
1213:
1206:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1176:Havana, Cuba
1173:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1111:Soviet Union
1108:
1103:
1093:
1080:Boeing YAL-1
1073:
1061:
1049:X-ray lasers
1042:
1029:
1019:
1014:
1003:
990:East Germany
987:
974:JĂĽrgen Fuchs
949:
947:
920:
908:
884:
877:
874:Nazi Germany
870:World War II
867:
769:
757:
750:in Britain.
728:Air Ministry
725:
717:20th Century
704:
686:
645:
641:loudspeakers
628:
622:
587:
577:
571:
548:
532:
525:
510:
491:laser weapon
490:
488:
485:Laser weapon
450:
409:THOR/Mjolnir
362:
336:
327:
323:
320:aerial drone
313:
293:
276:
261:
252:
238:
214:
201:
148:
131:
99:the Pentagon
96:
63:
59:
57:
43:
5257:Crew-served
5217:Area denial
5049:Six-Day War
5044:Vietnam War
4973:New Zealand
4968:Netherlands
4841:Nationalist
4774:New Zealand
4701:World War I
4661:Crimean War
4510:ElectricOIL
4387:Moore's law
4318:Neuroethics
4313:Cyberethics
4012:Space Daily
3514:October 19,
3478:January 20,
3452:January 21,
3136:Der Spiegel
2878:Jones, R.V.
2774:web.mit.edu
2721:"LRAD 100X"
1913:Islam Times
1689:India Today
1131:Sary Shagan
1129:complex at
1094:During the
972:The writer
891:synchrotron
879:Wunderwaffe
811:sound waves
805:within the
776:methane gas
738:whether a "
706:MythBusters
580:) used the
5465:Categories
5334:Non-lethal
5314:Insurgency
5309:Incendiary
5304:Improvised
5237:Ceremonial
5227:Biological
5187:Amphibious
5039:Korean War
5013:Yugoslavia
4845:Republican
4769:Montenegro
4505:COIL laser
4278:Automation
3933:References
3899:sn97032040
3695:2013028333
3533:(Review).
3389:2012-06-12
3379:"STS-41-G"
3297:2023-03-05
3251:2023-03-05
3167:0582414229
3040:(3): 170.
2950:(Report).
2929:2012-06-12
2863:2019-11-22
2839:2019-11-22
2818:2019-11-22
2794:2019-11-22
2728:darley.com
2653:2016-08-07
2511:8 December
2486:2009-03-04
2328:2014-05-16
2306:2014-05-16
2281:2009-08-19
2252:google.com
2178:2009-03-30
2022:2020-02-08
1997:2020-02-08
1955:2020-02-08
1949:DailySabah
1841:2022-03-06
1816:2022-03-06
1737:2020-09-15
1712:2020-09-15
1707:OnManorama
1586:2017-10-21
1561:2017-10-21
1263:seizures.
1220:Protocol I
1148:Challenger
1139:Challenger
1104:Challenger
999:Zersetzung
835:intestines
799:middle ear
689:Archimedes
582:Shiva Star
501:DragonFire
250:missiles.
113:, and the
80:microwaves
5354:Pneumatic
5344:Offensive
5277:Explosive
5222:Artillery
5212:Anti-tank
5192:Ancillary
4878:Australia
4832:Chaco War
4714:Australia
4595:Premodern
4308:Bioethics
4052:April 29,
4030:April 29,
3971:USA Today
3907:960875078
3891:1563-6429
3828:1070-0692
3822:: 87–91.
3740:173337077
3711:26182034M
3703:905144659
3635:0261-3077
3627:1756-3224
3590:0196-0709
3501:state.gov
2429:cite book
2394:6 October
2138:9 January
1992:aa.com.tr
1974:Janes.com
1381:NextShark
1261:epileptic
1044:Star Wars
948:In 1973,
936:, though
927:Secretary
925:informed
903:Betatrons
807:inner ear
740:death ray
198:Microwave
88:personnel
5450:Category
5417:Industry
5374:Tectonic
5359:Practice
5349:Personal
5242:Chemical
5182:Aircraft
5147:Iraq War
5119:Gulf War
5028:Cold War
5018:Infantry
4998:Thailand
4898:Bulgaria
4855:Japanese
4814:Infantry
4779:Portugal
4729:Bulgaria
4709:Chemical
4618:Japanese
4613:Medieval
4488:Chemical
4188:Military
4122:Archived
4074:April 1,
3911:Archived
3882:KyivPost
3848:Archived
3844:67048740
3836:93659134
3744:Archived
3647:Archived
3643:60623878
3598:38663328
3551:35962646
3505:Archived
3472:Archived
3446:Archived
3413:Archived
3062:31795453
2956:Archived
2880:(1978).
2756:, 2015.
2459:12 April
2388:Archived
2248:"Google"
2171:CBS News
2086:Archived
1665:July 18,
1634:July 18,
1606:rbth.com
1396:cite web
1282:See also
1153:Cold War
1144:STS-41-G
1096:Iraq War
1090:Iraq War
978:leukemia
760:Feldberg
697:Syracuse
675:Syracuse
631:) is an
574:MARAUDER
360:drones.
358:Eleron-3
244:Raytheon
224:Raytheon
92:missiles
5412:Arsenal
5389:Vehicle
5379:Torpedo
5339:Nuclear
5299:Hunting
5294:Firearm
4988:Romania
4948:Hungary
4938:Germany
4928:Finland
4923:Denmark
4913:Croatia
4888:Belgium
4883:Austria
4784:Romania
4744:Germany
4724:Belgium
4686:Antique
4608:Chinese
4603:African
4586:History
4578:Weapons
4529:Aspects
4248:Railgun
4206:Coilgun
3917:2 March
3857:8 March
3792:8 March
3750:8 March
3653:8 March
3363:21 July
3338:21 July
3221:(Ed.),
3042:Bibcode
2758:Archive
2611:7369133
2591:Bibcode
2112:12 July
1877:news.am
1265:Vection
1248:Vertigo
1127:Terra-3
859:bazooka
847:alveoli
831:stomach
815:kidneys
791:vertigo
734:of the
656:Ancient
651:History
637:Genasys
567:pinched
563:ionized
474:US Navy
436:(AFRL).
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347:Glonass
248:MANPADS
162:windage
158:gravity
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5394:Combat
5364:Ranged
5267:Deadly
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4978:Norway
4963:Mexico
4943:Greece
4933:France
4903:Canada
4893:Brazil
4799:Turkey
4794:Serbia
4789:Russia
4749:Greece
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4633:Modern
4520:MIRACL
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4271:Topics
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1010:X-rays
1006:cancer
863:mortar
851:weapon
821:, and
819:spleen
795:nausea
730:asked
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551:stream
545:Plasma
495:lasers
328:Stupor
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4759:Italy
4754:India
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4102:Wired
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748:radar
693:Roman
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464:Laser
458:cents
454:pence
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3365:2011
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3143:2021
3117:2021
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3012:2021
2985:2021
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2567:2024
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2513:2017
2461:2023
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2396:2022
2365:TASS
2140:2024
2114:2019
1810:Quwa
1667:2020
1636:2020
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1388:2017
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