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355:(UNEP). As a consultant to these organizations he was involved in helping to define the goals and operations of UNESCO's "Man and the Biosphere" Programme (1973) and he helped develop requirements for UNEP's "Global Environmental Monitoring System" (1974). Citron also participated in a number of other United Nations programs involved with global environmental monitoring and assessing the human effect on planet Earth (1972–1975).
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and managing the
Smithsonian Institution Center for Short-lived Phenomena. He also received the Space Pioneer Award from the National Space Society for his invention of the SPACEHAB modules that fly on the Space Shuttle, and he received the Space Entrepreneur of the Year Award from the Space Frontier Foundation for his contributions to the development of space tourism. In 1967
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our planet. Currently raising approximately $ 15 million a year from the generosity of institutions, individuals, governments, and corporations, Earthwatch has a global reach. Earthwatch is currently supported by more than 150 staff, located in our headquarters in
Maynard, Massachusetts, USA as well as in offices in Oxford, England; Melbourne, Australia; and Tokyo, Japan.
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Today, Earthwatch recruits close to 4,000 volunteers every year to collect field data in the areas of rainforest ecology, wildlife conservation, marine science, archaeology, and more. Through this process, it educates, inspires, and involves a diversity of people who actively contribute to conserving
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for 17 years, establishing satellite tracking stations around the world, and creating and managing scientific field research projects. While at the
Smithsonian he built and managed astrophysical research observatories in the US, Spain, Norway, Ethiopia, South Africa, and India (1959–1968) and founded
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Citron has received numerous awards for the projects he's created and managed, and the films he's made. He was a two-time recipient of the
Smithsonian Institution Outstanding Achievement Award for his management of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Satellite Tracking Program and for founding
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In 2001 Citron organized a major expedition to the South
Pacific to observe the reentry of the Russian MIR Space Station in a remote area of the Pacific Ocean. That expedition included chartering two aircraft from Fiji with 31 observers on board. The observers included the Russian Chief Designer of
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LTS architecture will enable NASA to meet its near-term strategic objectives, including sending small payloads to the lunar surface in a few years, sending larger payloads to the lunar surface in succeeding years, and sending crews to the Moon and back to the Earth by the end of the next decade. In
509:
Lunar
Transportation Systems, Inc. is developing a new lunar architecture that has a number of advantages over current known and evolving architectures. The LTS architecture uses new innovations for modularity and flexibility, leading to reduced development cost, a faster development schedule, and
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is an international nonprofit organization that brings science to life for people concerned about the Earth's future. Founded by Citron and
Truesdell in 1969, Earthwatch supports scientific field research by offering volunteers the opportunity to join research teams around the world. This unique
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The K-1 was conceived to become the world's first fully reusable aerospace vehicle, designed to deliver payloads to orbit and provide a low-cost alternative to single-use launch vehicles. The company intended the K-1 rocketships to become the reliable, low-cost providers of launch services for
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Citron incorporated the company in 1984 and the company made its initial public offering in 1995. The company flew its first module on a Space
Shuttle mission on June 21, 1993. The SPACEHAB modules that Citron and Tom Taylor invented have been the primary payload on 17 Space Shuttle missions,
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and to better define the geodesy of planet Earth. Citron created and managed the
Smithsonian Transient Lunar Phenomena (TLP) program for NASA during the Apollo Program (1968–1972) and established the NASA/Smithsonian Skylab Earth Observing Program (1973–1974) during the post-Apollo period. He
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While working for the
Smithsonian, Citron also organized and managed and was the principal cinematographer on 18 volcanic eruption expeditions in Africa, the South Pacific, North and Central America, Hawaii, the Philippines, and New Guinea (1968–1974). He recently donated 40 hours of volcano
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Citron has organized, managed, and/or participated in more than 60 scientific field research expeditions in Europe, Africa, Asia, South America, and the South Pacific in fields that include volcanic eruption research, paleoanthropology, archaeology, anthropology, ecology, ethology, zoology,
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Earth Observing Program (1973–1974), and established the global Student Environmental Monitoring Network (1973–1975). Citron spun off The Center for Short-lived Phenomena from the Smithsonian Institution in 1975 and established it as a nonprofit organization.
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Citron has published over 200 articles and has written, and/or edited dozens of books and reports dealing with short-lived phenomena, adventure travel, space exploration, meteorite distribution, global environmental monitoring, and the future of humanity.
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Programs (STP) after the launch of Sputnik I in 1957. He founded or co-founded five companies dealing with documentary film production (Limpopo Films Pty. Ltd. – 1964), publishing (Adventure Travel, Inc. – 1976), space research and space logistics support
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In 1976 Citron founded the American Adventurer's Association (AAA), which was an international organization for adventurers. The American Adventurer's Association eventually grew to a membership of over 10,000 and published a monthly national magazine,
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Citron has organized, managed, and/or participated in more than a dozen archaeological excavations in Africa and Europe, including excavating early hominid and iron-age sites in South and East Africa with prominent archeological teams (1964–1974).
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Corporation – 1993), and Lunar transportation and logistics (Lunar Transportation Systems, Inc. – 2004). Citron also started three nonprofit foundations dealing with scientific field research (Educational Expeditions International with
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the Smithsonian Institution Center for Short-lived Phenomena (CSLP) in 1968. The purpose of the Smithsonian Satellite Tracking Program was to track satellites to determine their precision orbits in order to better understand the
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astronomy, meteoritics, and geophysics. He has participated in eight total solar eclipse expeditions in the Philippines, Mexico, Canada, Turkey, Mauritania, Ethiopia, India, and the Libyan Sahara between 1956 and 2006.
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Citron founded or co-founded five companies: Limpopo Films, Pty. Ltd. (1964); Adventure Travel, Inc. (1976); SPACEHAB, Inc. (1984); Kistler Aerospace Corporation (1993); and Lunar Transportation Systems, Inc. (2004).
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LTS is a privately financed company that requires cooperation from NASA in order to raise the private capital required to design, build, ground test, flight test, and operate its Earth-Moon transportation system.
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Citron began making films in 1964 while living in Africa and founded a film production company, Limpopo Films Ltd., which produced a series of documentary and travel films for television. These films included
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Corporation to develop fully reusable, low-cost rocketships to take commercial satellites to Low Earth and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit as well as provide logistic support for the International Space Station.
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magazine eventually reached a national circulation of over 100,000 and was distributed on half a dozen major international airlines. Citron sold his company to the Ziff Davis Publishing Company in 1981.
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was a global wire service that included a network of over 3,200 scientists and scientific institutions in 34 countries that reported on and undertook field research on short-lived phenomena such as
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Kistler Aerospace Corporation raised over $ 600 million in private financing and, in 2006, received a NASA contract for $ 207 million to further the development of the K-1 launch vehicle fleet.
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In 1964, while living in Africa, Citron founded Limpopo Films, Pty. Ltd. to produce documentary films for television. Limpopo Films produced a wide variety of films from 1964 to 1968 including
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roots through the development of privately owned, pressurized modules that fly in the shuttle's cargo bay and double the amount of working and living space available to the astronaut crew.
687:, and others. During this period Citron was also a consultant to a number of film projects for the National Geographic Society, David Wolper Productions, and MGM Documentary Films.
615:(SPLC) in 2008, "the foundation's main undertaking is holding several seminars a year on such things as climate change, energy security, and other important matters."
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In 2004, after NASA announced plans to return humans to the Moon and build a lunar base, Citron and Walter Kistler founded Lunar Transportation Systems, Inc. (LTS).
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as a showcase for the work of the Foundation For the Future. He also supervises the production of a series of short films for the Foundation, including
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314:– 1975), and the study of the long-term future of humanity Foundation For the Future – 1996). He died on January 31, 2012, at his home in
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In the 1960s, while with the Smithsonian Institution, Citron made a series of films in Africa on field research expeditions including
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including research missions on board the fleet of orbiters, and resupply missions to both the Russian space station MIR and the
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made a series of television documentaries and educational films based on his EARTHWATCH field research expeditions, including
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Earth Orbit (GEO), as well as for cargo resupply and recovery flights to and from the International Space Station (ISS).
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network (1974), involving high school students from 20 countries, to report on significant environmental events (1974).
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model is creating a systematic change in how the public views science and its role in environmental sustainability.
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addition, the LTS architecture can provide routine logistic support for the lunar base now being planned by NASA.
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While at the Smithsonian, Citron was a consultant to a number of United Nations organizations including
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presented Citron with the Haile Selassie Gold Medal for his contributions to the people of Ethiopia.
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Citron founded or co-founded three nonprofit foundations: Educational Expeditions International with
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Citron was a member of many professional organizations and special-interest groups, including the
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the MIR Space Station as well as three cosmonauts who lived aboard MIR for lengthy durations.
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expedition films to the Smithsonian Institution archives for research and education.
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607:) the nonprofit Foundation For the Future (FFtF). The foundation awarded the annual
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For the American politician and former treasurer of Orange County, California, see
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877:"Robert Citron, pioneering engineer who envisioned space travel, dies at 79"
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264:(September 14, 1932 – January 31, 2012) was an American entrepreneur and
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530:, superintendent of Vermont public schools, in 1971, which became
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903:"Walter P. Kistler Becomes Sole Donor to the Racist Pioneer Fund"
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376:(which won numerous national and international awards),
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280:(1953–1959). Citron helped establish and manage the
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297:, Inc. – 1983), reusable satellite launch systems (
159:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
741:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
690:Recently Citron created a 15-minute film entitled
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276:(liberal arts) and aeronautical engineering from
1019:Deaths from prostate cancer in the United States
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833:Robert Citron, Private Space Pioneer, Dies at 79
483:commercial and government payloads destined for
421:; a monthly newsletter on worldwide adventure,
318:, at the age of 79, due to complications from
692:Cosmic Origins: From the Big Bang to Humanity
706:. Citron created a television series called
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60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1024:Deaths from cancer in Washington (state)
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80:This article includes a list of general
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282:Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
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989:20th-century American businesspeople
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157:adding citations to reliable sources
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662:The Meteorites of Southwest Africa
502:Lunar Transportation Systems, Inc.
86:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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696:Where Does Humanity Go from Here?
41:This article has multiple issues.
947:Center for Short-Lived Phenomena
767:, Seattle Astronomical Society,
544:Center for Short-Lived Phenomena
538:Center for Short-Lived Phenomena
312:Center for Short-Lived Phenomena
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16:American businessman (1932–2012)
875:Woo, Elaine (8 February 2012).
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751:, African Wildlife Federation,
427:Worldwide Adventure TravelGuide
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144:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
901:Beirich, Heidi (20 May 2008).
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745:British Interplanetary Society
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932:Bob Citron's Personal Website
909:. Southern Poverty Law Center
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765:Union of Concerned Scientists
654:The Wama Pygmies of the Congo
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340:established a global Student
274:University of the Philippines
1004:American aerospace engineers
969:Lunar Transportation Systems
658:The Borana Tribe of Ethiopia
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613:Southern Poverty Law Center
460:International Space Station
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423:Adventure Travel Newsletter
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1009:Northrop University alumni
847:Darling, Birt (Nov 1984).
685:Earth, the Restless Planet
394:The Crocodiles of the Nile
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942:Foundation For the Future
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781:Space Frontier Foundation
673:The Search for Fossil Man
647:An American Boy in Russia
599:Foundation For the Future
310:, short-lived phenomena (
779:, Seattle Film Society,
667:In the 1970s Citron and
635:Ten Thousand Mile Safari
603:Citron co-founded (with
382:Ten Thousand Mile Safari
342:Environmental monitoring
777:American Film Institute
708:The Next Thousand Years
570:, insect infestations,
452:space commercialization
442:In 1983 Citron founded
406:The Mystery of Zimbabwe
398:The Elephants of Wankie
386:From Zululand to Zambia
368:Limpopo Films Pty. Ltd.
332:Smithsonian Institution
101:more precise citations.
937:Obituary of Bob Citron
798:Emperor Haile Selassie
785:National Space Society
773:The Wilderness Society
769:The Nature Conservancy
412:Adventure Travel, Inc.
390:The Lions of Gorongoza
330:Citron worked for the
288:and Precision Optical
272:, and educated at the
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849:"Vacation Scientists"
749:The Planetary Society
700:Visions of the Future
522:Nonprofit Foundations
510:better evolvability.
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959:Earthwatch Institute
753:Friends of the Earth
677:The Day the Sun Died
588:Earthwatch Institute
450:fleet. It began its
316:Bellevue, Washington
153:improve this article
907:Intelligence Report
881:The Washington Post
669:National Geographic
470:In 1993 Citron and
408:, and many others.
286:Operation Moonwatch
278:Northrop University
952:2012-10-24 at the
631:Zululand to Zambia
548:volcanic eruptions
528:Clarence Truesdale
489:Medium Earth Orbit
337:Earth's atmosphere
304:Clarence Truesdale
290:Satellite Tracking
270:Brooklyn, New York
266:aerospace engineer
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964:Kistler Aerospace
681:The Violent Earth
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378:Vigeland on Life
268:who was born in
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999:2012 deaths
994:1932 births
886:11 February
859:(5): 18–21.
761:Sierra Club
735:Memberships
552:earthquakes
491:(MEO), and
99:introducing
983:Categories
813:References
783:, and the
757:Greenpeace
583:Earthwatch
572:moonquakes
566:, unusual
560:oil spills
532:Earthwatch
308:Earthwatch
262:Bob Citron
179:newspapers
82:references
46:improve it
359:Companies
52:talk page
974:SPACEHAB
950:Archived
474:founded
444:SPACEHAB
438:SPACEHAB
351:and the
295:SPACEHAB
913:16 July
487:(LEO),
462:(ISS).
193:scholar
95:improve
791:Awards
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576:Skylab
349:UNESCO
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200:JSTOR
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