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680:, and it is not to you that I need say this." Louis-Philippe was very critical of the prefect, writing: "It is very clear, in my opinion, that he had a previously formed agreement with the leaders, and that he was not acting loyally to his government before the events." He nonetheless was cautious on the topic of the fixed rate, writing to his son: "The fixed rate is a delicate point on which I believe we must tread lightly and carefully weigh what we do. I can not give further advice because I lack sufficient information. You must say as little on the subject as possible."
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698:, where they waited for order to return in Lyon. They entered the city on 3 December without any blood being shed and with no negotiation or agreements being made. The fixed rate was abolished, the prefect dismissed, the national guard disbanded, and a large garrison positioned in the town. The government decided to build a fort to separate the commune of Croix-Rousse from the town of Lyon. 90 workers were arrested, 11 of whom were prosecuted and acquitted in June 1832.
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723:, wrote to the king on 9 September 1833: "I have just received M. Fulchiron, who comes from Lyon. The manufacture is in a state of simply fabulous prosperity. The orders from America are immense. The workers earn 6 to 7 francs per day. This is too much. They are, however, in a state of tranquillity as one may easily conceive." On 1 February 1834, an attempt by a few hundred Italian, German and Polish revolutionaries from
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868:. Although it was apparently accurate, he was prosecuted for his publication. The canut revolts caused the emergence of a sense of shared interests in workers' communities. It began an era of social claims, that would be accentuated by the living conditions of the workers during this time of emerging capitalism, as attested by the famous memoirs of doctor
270:, at the head of an army of 20,000 to restore order. Soult was able to retake the town without any bloodshed, and without making any compromises with the workers. Though some workers were arrested, all were eventually acquitted. The revolt ended with the minimum price abolished and with the workers no better off.
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Soult informed the king of the success of his mission, attributing all the praise to "recognition of the king and the prince" and, where it was lacking, to an "expression of sadness which was obviously a testimony of repentance." He noted that all the authorities came to "pay homage to His
Highness,"
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15 April was the end of the
Sanglante semaine in Lyon, the second canut rebellion having been suppressed. Conservative estimates of the number of casualties were between 100 and 200, while more liberal estimates were more than 600. 10,000 captured insurgents were tried in a "gigantic trial" in Paris
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were discussing a law which would intensify the repression of republican groups. The
Republicans managed to amalgamate several political parties to fall within the scope of this law, as did the mutual workers' associations to which Lyon's canuts belonged. As a result, thousands of craftsmen rebelled
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in 1834 occurred in a prosperous economy that had caused a surge in workers' wages. Owners saw these wages as too high, so they attempted to impose a wage decrease. This combined with laws that oppressed
Republican groups caused the workers to rebel. The government crushed the rebellion in a bloody
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The insurgents occupied the town hall. At this point, the leaders of the workers were unsure as to the further course of action, having started the strike with the sole intention of making sure the fixed rate on silken goods was being applied correctly. A few republicans in the group insisted on
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and stealing weapons in the process. Several units of the military guard and the national guard were attacked. The infantry attempted to stop them, but was forced to retreat under a hail of tiles and bullets. The national guard, most of which was recruited from amongst the canuts, changed sides,
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The army occupied the town and bridges. Soon after, gunfire began, with troops firing on an unarmed crowd. Barricades were erected quickly throughout the town to hinder the army's progress. The disorganised workers stormed the Bon-Pasteur barracks, the same as during the first revolt, and again
507:, to help them negotiate with the manufacturers. The canuts wanted a fixed price to be established, which would stop the further decrease of the price of silk goods. The prefect organised a group of owners and workers, which was able to establish a fixed rate on 26 October. A labour court, the
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From 17 to 20 December 1831, the far left opposition parties tried to bring the situation in Lyon back to the forefront in the
Chamber of Deputies. Casimir Perier declared that the revolt had wanted to arm itself "against the freedom of commerce and industry," and affirmed on 26 December that
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asked them to be strict, but to avoid the use of capital punishment. On 29 November 1831, he wrote to Soult: "The important point is to enter Lyon without suffering any blows and without agreeing to any conditions. You will need to be strict. et you know that when I say
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In
February 1834, owners began to agree that workers' salaries had increased too much, and they began an attempt to impose a reduction. The results of this were conflict and strikes, the leaders of which were arrested and tried. Their trial began on 5 April, while the
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using the momentum to form a governmental committee. The committee did not make any definite decisions, due to a lack of agenda. Not helping the committee's effectiveness was the canuts' refusal to have their insurrection used for political purposes.
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writes to me that 1,200 inhabitants of Lyon had made plans to support the movement in Savoy should it have succeeded." The republicans intended to create a revolutionary climate, taking advantage of a salary conflict caused by high worker wages.
540:. The manufacturers claimed the fixed rate was contrary to freedom of enterprise. On 10 November, they rejected the salary claims of the canuts, which they considered to be exorbitant. This attitude infuriated much of the working class.
814:. On 12 April, the troops attacked and re-took the Guillotière quarter, after having destroyed numerous houses by artillery. On 14 April, the army reconquered the town piece by piece, attacking Croix-Rousse for the third time.
69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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At the end of 1833, good economic prospects and conditions caused a boom in the
Lyonnais silk industry. As a result, the government thought the chances of a second revolt extremely unlikely. The Interior Minister, the
706:"society will not let itself be threatened with impunity". The cabinet's motion was passed quickly by a large majority, continuing to the day's agenda despite the protests and demand for an enquiry by the far left.
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After a bloody battle which caused about 600 casualties (100 dead, 263 injured on the military side, 69 dead, 140 injured on the civilian side), the insurgents captured the town. During the night of 22–23 November,
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After the failure of the 1831 revolt, the
Parisian republicans sent agents to Lyon. They were able to create a large network of secret societies, often working closely with labour associations for silk craftsmen.
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The grim condition of the economy in 1831 drastically reduced the demand for silk goods. Salaries were continually being reduced, much less than their maximum during the economically prosperous years of the
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in 1831 was provoked by a bad economy and a resultant drop in silk prices, which caused a drop in workers' wages. In an effort to maintain their standard of living, the workers tried to see a
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The Canuts employed about 30,000 apprentices, who were paid by the day, but generally lived with the canut, who lodged and fed them, and with whom they shared a similar standard of living.
648:, wrote: "Poverty... there are many exaggerations in what is said about it. It has been worse in other times and did not produce such results," which probably represented opinion in the
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plundered the arsenal. The workers barricaded the different districts of the city, including Croix-Rousse, effectively creating fortified camps. What would be known later as the
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On 10 April, more shots were exchanged between the insurgents and the troops. The workers occupied the telegraph office, the
Guillotière quarter, and then the nearby city of
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and that all had prepared very good speeches, with the exception of the archbishop, Jean Paul Gaston de Pins, who was content saying he had "nothing but prayers to offer."
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520:, and the concessions afforded by their representatives to be a sign of weakness. 104 of them refused to apply the rate, claiming it was against the principles of the
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imposed on silk. The refusal of the manufacturers to pay this price infuriated the workers, who went into open revolt. They seized the arsenal and repulsed the local
552:. They forced the few weavers still at work to close their workshops, harassing the National Guard. Soon after they erected barricades and marched to Lyon with the
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all over Europe and it did not acquire the same renown as that of 1831. Indeed, the revolt of 1831 encouraged many other worker revolts of the 19th century.
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all over Europe and it did not acquire the same renown as that of 1831. Indeed, the revolt of 1831 encouraged many other worker revolts of the 19th century.
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1006:(De Pins, 1822–1824, was named in 1824 the apostolic administrator of the archdiocese of Lyon and received at this occasion the title of archbishop of
806:. Fighting continued on 11 April; Croix Rousse was bombarded by the recently reinforced military, while revolts started in the more distant cities of
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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393:(who make the coded tables indicating the colour and characteristics of the silk to be used, according to the drawing provided by the customer),
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Women were also employed at a lesser salary, as were apprentices and errand boys. These workers filled a wide variety of professions:
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A third insurrection occurred in 1848. Although it was as violent and was motivated by almost identical worker exploitation, 1848 was
600:, the news of the riot and the occupation of France's second largest city caused astonishment and consternation. Debate raged in the
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A third insurrection occurred in 1848. Although it was as violent and was motivated by almost identical worker conditions, 1848 was
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In 1831, the production of silk goods in Lyon was still organised in a manner similar to that of the pre-industrial era:
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and the surrounding region. The livelihood of half of the population of Lyon was dependent on the silk weaving industry.
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The intervention of the prefect was, however, poorly received by some manufacturers who considered his actions to be
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing French
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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735:. D'Argout told the king: "They are Savoyards who have recently come to Grenoble, and a few French republicans.
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of 1791 established the principle of economic non-intervention by the state, in addition to explicitly banning
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The value of silk, as with any luxury product, depended on the economy. A large portion of the demand was from
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and military in a bloody battle, which left the insurgents in control of the town. The government sent Marshal
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449:. There was only one industrial grade factory, the silk factory of la Sauvagère, employing 600 workers, in
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879:, which in turn influenced much of the socialist, communist and anarchistic philosophies of the present.
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On 22 November in Lyon, the workers captured the fortified police barracks at Bon-Pasteur, pillaging the
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on 9 April. The leaders proclaimed daily agendas, which they dated not "9 April 1834," but instead "22
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or strict prison sentences. The July Monarchy suspected the intrigues of other groups, such as
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At the beginning of the 19th century, the textile industry was the main industrial activity of
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where military barracks were captured. Black flags were flown over the arrondissements
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On 21 November 1831 several hundred weavers toured the then independent commune of
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While most of the workshops were situated in houses in the arrondissement of
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Edwards, Stewart . The Paris Commune 1871. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
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himself was quite sure that the problems were caused by republican actions.
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On 25 November, Perier announced that Crown Prince Ferdinand Philippe, and
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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The manufacturers contracted about 8,000 chief weaving craftsmen, the
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On 28 November, the Duke of Orléans and Marshal Soult stopped at
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They later influenced the rebellion that resulted in the brief
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The bombardment of Brunet House in Croix-Rousse. Oil on canvas.
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allowed greater salaries throughout the system. After the
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Silk industry in Lyon at the beginning of the 19th century
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to this template: there are already 1,502 articles in the
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21 novembre 1831 : début de la révolte des canuts
324:(literally great manufacture), a group of about 1,400
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propaganda and political manoeuvres by supporters of
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battle and deported or imprisoned 10,000 insurgents.
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at the Académie des sciences morales et politiques.
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Suppression of the Second Canut revolt in April 1834
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a machine-translated version of the French article.
1056:Robert Tombs (1996). "The State and the Economy".
222:) is the collective name for the major revolts by
886:wrote the piano piece "Lyon" from his collection
536:(a predecessor to trade unions), and denying the
316:At the top of the socio-economic pyramid was the
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385:(who make the tools necessary for the weaving),
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104:accompanying your translation by providing an
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36:expand this article with text translated from
1013:. The official archbishop remained cardinal
938:Grande encyclopédie Larousse, 1972, p.2282-83
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369:(mechanics who repair and adjust the looms),
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818:during April 1835, and were condemned to
495:On 18 October 1831, the canuts asked the
401:(who create the perforated cards for the
190:Learn how and when to remove this message
1174:, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1971
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753:, year XLII of the Republic," using the
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421:, embroiderers, silk folders, spinners,
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153:This article includes a list of general
1228:Bibliographie sur la soie et les canuts
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592:Louis-Philippe I, King of the French.
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1091:. L'Harmattan. p. 193.
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451:Saint-Rambert-l'ĂŽle-Barbe
431:Pentes de la Croix-Rousse
38:the corresponding article
1341:Military history of Lyon
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564:joining the insurgents.
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501:department of the RhĂ´ne
470:economic crisis of 1825
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125:For more guidance, see
1172:The Paris Commune 1871
1151:, La DĂ©couverte, 2001.
1011:in partibus infidelium
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127:Knowledge:Translation
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1321:History of anarchism
1261:19th century in Lyon
1256:Rebellions in France
1236:La Maison des Canuts
840:a year of revolution
676:, I do not refer to
283:a year of revolution
1331:Revolutions of 1848
888:Album d'un voyageur
870:Louis René Villermé
669:King Louis-Philippe
634:King Louis-Philippe
602:Chamber of deputies
524:. Laws such as the
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338:(manufacturers) or
275:Second Canut revolt
266:, a veteran of the
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1144:, Spartacus, 1974.
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