1538:
94:, whether such a cumbersome and time-consuming method of execution was practical remained in question. Cement takes many hours or even days to fully harden and, until 2016, there was never a documented case—although crime historian Thomas Reppetto said there have probably been real-life examples that have never been found.
97:
In May 2016, the first and only documented case of "cement shoes" was reported. The body of
Brooklyn gang member Peter Martinez, aged 28, better known on the streets as Petey Crack, washed up near Manhattan Beach in Brooklyn. His head was wrapped in duct tape, the immediate cause of his death. His
321:"There's a lot of urban legend to this — cement shoes, concrete shoes, concrete gloves, whatever you want to call it — but it all has some sort of truth to it," said Reppetto, "It started somewhere real and took off."
1110:
98:
feet and shins were encased in concrete set inside a five-gallon bucket. His body floated to the shore due to air in the concrete because it was not given enough time to dry before being thrown into the ocean.
62:(a mixture of cement powder, rock, water and sand), or even simply cement powder and water. Typically in films and novels, the victim is still alive as they watch the concrete harden, heightening the
1429:
157:, who allegedly ordered the procedure. Bigeard put his victims' feet in a basin, poured quick-setting cement in and threw the person into the sea from the top of a helicopter, said
463:
108:
Johnnie
Goodman was found by crab fisherman in a New Jersey creek, weighed down with an 18-kilogram (40-pound) block of concrete. On August 24, 1964, the body of
143:
58:
Cement shoes involve first binding, incapacitating or killing the victim and then placing each foot into a bucket or box, which is then filled with wet
968:
353:
281:
334:
304:
237:
436:
671:
696:
666:
509:
1093:
408:
267:
691:
529:
1580:
1485:
963:
188:
66:
and drama. After the concrete sets, the victim is thrown into a body of water such as a river, lake or the ocean.
1345:
1224:
978:
907:
161:, secretary general of the French police in Algiers in 1957, and notable opponent of torture during the war.
1320:
502:
361:
1214:
42:
and throwing them into water in the hope the body will never be found. In the US, the term has become a
1570:
864:
1585:
986:
742:
726:
75:
1315:
1434:
1365:
1310:
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879:
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833:
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1199:
849:
495:
1595:
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1162:
1156:
1001:
874:
854:
844:
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732:
661:
31:
1234:
1133:
869:
859:
821:
805:
794:
746:
682:
642:
272:
1449:
1439:
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1244:
1229:
1219:
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1006:
827:
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177:
148:
8:
1575:
1511:
1475:
1454:
1380:
1204:
1139:
810:
768:
134:
The French Army allegedly used cement shoes on
Algerians who were murdered on so-called "
1490:
1375:
1350:
1300:
1259:
815:
534:
413:
215:
47:
30:
is a method of murder or body disposal, usually associated with criminals such as the
1470:
1087:
1081:
651:
580:
277:
382:
1444:
1400:
1335:
1116:
736:
128:
1565:
1480:
1385:
701:
631:
43:
1560:
1355:
1340:
1264:
1239:
763:
626:
518:
154:
90:
85:
80:
120:, New York, with concrete blocks tied to his legs. It is also speculated that
101:
Concrete has been used as a weight to dispose of a body. In 1941, the body of
1554:
1506:
1325:
1305:
1269:
1026:
1019:
553:
171:
135:
113:
109:
1390:
1360:
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1043:
1038:
656:
544:
158:
139:
102:
1521:
923:
487:
263:
124:
121:
117:
930:
912:
219:
38:. It involves weighing down the victim, who may be dead or alive, with
35:
1430:
Collaborations between the United States government and
Italian Mafia
917:
468:
105:
1032:
991:
953:
59:
39:
464:"Après deux ans de polémique, l'État "enterre" le général Bigeard"
1395:
1194:
937:
335:"Man's Body, Feet Encased in Concrete, Washes Ashore in Brooklyn"
183:
63:
1274:
996:
127:
was murdered by being fitted with cement shoes and thrown into
305:"Cops seek killer of man who washed ashore in 'cement shoes'"
238:"Cops seek killer of man who washed ashore in 'cement shoes'"
46:
euphemism for a threat of death by criminals. While a common
1048:
1013:
268:"Were 'concrete shoes' a favored technique of mob hitmen?"
207:
Ed Cray, "Ethnic and Place Names as
Derisive Adjectives",
437:"April 23, 1944: Hamilton mobster Rocco Perri disappears"
50:, only one real-life case has ever been authenticated.
409:"Body of Informer, Tied to Concrete, Pulled From Bay"
969:List of Italian-American mobsters by organization
1552:
354:"Body in 'cement shoes' washes up in Brooklyn"
503:
302:
235:
517:
510:
496:
462:Boitiaux, Charlotte (November 20, 2012).
112:, aged 52, a trigger man who informed on
461:
332:
1553:
326:
231:
229:
227:
69:
491:
262:
383:"'Cement shoes' found on NYC corpse"
224:
13:
375:
214::1:27–34 (January 1962), p. 27-34
14:
1607:
964:List of Italian-American mobsters
153:" 'Bigeard shrimp' after General
16:Method of murder or body disposal
1537:
1536:
443:. thespec.com. 23 September 2016
1346:Italian-American National Union
455:
333:Southall, Ashley (3 May 2016).
53:
1486:Saint Valentine's Day Massacre
429:
401:
351:
345:
296:
256:
201:
1:
194:
530:List of Mafia crime families
303:Colleen Long (May 5, 2016).
236:Colleen Long (May 5, 2016).
7:
1215:Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan
797:(Northeastern Pennsylvania)
164:
142:. The victims were called "
10:
1612:
189:Kidnapping of Kim Dae-jung
1534:
1499:
1463:
1420:
1413:
1288:
1187:
1176:
1149:
1126:
1103:
1068:
1061:
977:
950:
900:
893:
836:(Little Italy, Manhattan)
787:
756:
714:
680:
640:
615:
599:
564:
552:
543:
525:
74:Despite being a theme in
1581:Gangland warfare tactics
1435:Operation Family Secrets
1366:National Crime Syndicate
1076:Atlantic City Conference
1331:East Harlem Purple Gang
1200:Colacurcio Organization
1280:Velentzas Organization
1250:Philadelphia Greek Mob
1163:Mafia Commission Trial
1157:Pizza Connection Trial
747:10th & Oregon Crew
662:Greenwich Village Crew
519:Italian-American Mafia
441:The Hamilton Spectator
116:in 1944, was found in
1235:Musitano crime family
1007:Black Hand in Chicago
737:Angiulo's Boston crew
729:(Northern New Jersey)
273:Washington City Paper
266:(November 14, 2008).
180:(method of execution)
1450:Operation Underworld
1440:Operation Old Bridge
1371:New Springville Boys
1255:Rizzuto crime family
1245:Papalia crime family
1230:Luppino crime family
1220:Inzerillo Mafia clan
1210:Cotroni crime family
1094:Palermo Mafia summit
586:New Springville Boys
1512:Buster from Chicago
1476:Hired Truck Program
1455:Operation Wasteland
1381:South Brooklyn Boys
1356:Marat Balagula gang
1140:Castellammarese War
672:Springfield faction
284:on January 21, 2009
70:Real-life incidents
1491:Rochester bombings
1376:Rudaj Organization
1351:Maceo Organization
1306:Bumpy Johnson gang
1301:Bugs and Meyer Mob
1260:Sacra Corona Unita
1111:Kefauver Committee
757:Midwestern/Western
697:New Jersey faction
667:New Jersey faction
581:Motion Lounge crew
535:Mafia bibliography
414:The New York Times
339:The New York Times
309:CBS 3 Philadelphia
242:CBS 3 Philadelphia
1571:Execution methods
1548:
1547:
1530:
1529:
1471:French Connection
1409:
1408:
1326:Dutch Schultz Mob
1172:
1171:
1134:Mafia–Camorra War
1088:Apalachin meeting
1082:Havana Conference
1057:
1056:
987:Initiation ritual
889:
888:
710:
709:
652:116th Street Crew
417:. August 25, 1964
278:The Straight Dope
144:crevettes Bigeard
1603:
1586:Shoes in culture
1540:
1539:
1500:Related articles
1445:Operation Solare
1418:
1417:
1401:Winter Hill Gang
1336:Five Points Gang
1311:New York Camorra
1205:Commisso 'ndrina
1185:
1184:
1117:Valachi hearings
1066:
1065:
1023:(boss of bosses)
901:Chain of command
898:
897:
830:(Italian Harlem)
692:Brooklyn faction
562:
561:
550:
549:
512:
505:
498:
489:
488:
482:
481:
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433:
427:
426:
424:
422:
405:
399:
398:
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394:
379:
373:
372:
370:
369:
360:. Archived from
349:
343:
342:
330:
324:
323:
318:
316:
300:
294:
293:
291:
289:
280:. Archived from
260:
254:
253:
251:
249:
233:
222:
209:Western Folklore
205:
152:
129:Hamilton Harbour
48:trope in fiction
28:Chicago overcoat
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1526:
1495:
1481:Lufthansa heist
1459:
1422:
1405:
1386:Tanglewood Boys
1316:The Corporation
1284:
1180:
1178:
1177:Closely related
1168:
1145:
1122:
1099:
1053:
973:
946:
885:
783:
752:
735:(New England) (
706:
702:Tanglewood Boys
676:
636:
632:Ozone Park Boys
611:
595:
576:Calabrian group
557:
539:
521:
516:
486:
485:
475:
473:
460:
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446:
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297:
287:
285:
261:
257:
247:
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225:
206:
202:
197:
167:
146:
84:and books like
72:
56:
44:tongue-in-cheek
17:
12:
11:
5:
1609:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1591:American Mafia
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1501:
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1473:
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1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1341:Forty-Two Gang
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:Sicilian Mafia
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1182:
1179:and affiliated
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
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1024:
1016:
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960:
958:
948:
947:
945:
944:
941:
934:
927:
920:
915:
910:
908:The Commission
904:
902:
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890:
887:
886:
884:
883:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
831:
825:
824:(Philadelphia)
819:
813:
808:
803:
798:
791:
789:
788:Mostly defunct
785:
784:
782:
781:
776:
771:
766:
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669:
664:
659:
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648:
646:
638:
637:
635:
634:
629:
627:Baltimore Crew
623:
621:
613:
612:
607:
605:
597:
596:
594:
593:
591:Sicilian group
588:
583:
578:
572:
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559:
547:
541:
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538:
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344:
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295:
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223:
199:
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186:
181:
175:
166:
163:
155:Marcel Bigeard
91:Billy Bathgate
86:E. L. Doctorow
81:Lady in Cement
71:
68:
55:
52:
24:concrete shoes
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1608:
1597:
1596:Crime fiction
1594:
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1558:
1556:
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1533:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Barrel murder
1505:
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1502:
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1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:Siderno Group
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
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1211:
1208:
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1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:organizations
1175:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1131:
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1125:
1118:
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1108:
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1102:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:Mustache Pete
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:Capo dei capi
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
980:
976:
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967:
965:
962:
961:
959:
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942:
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935:
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928:
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911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
899:
896:
892:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
865:San Francisco
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
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812:
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807:
804:
802:
799:
796:
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786:
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587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
571:
569:
568:
563:
560:
558:New York City
555:
554:Five Families
551:
548:
546:
542:
536:
533:
531:
528:
527:
524:
520:
513:
508:
506:
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499:
494:
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471:
470:
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458:
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438:
432:
416:
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410:
404:
389:. May 5, 2016
388:
384:
378:
364:on 2018-07-11
363:
359:
355:
348:
340:
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228:
221:
217:
213:
210:
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200:
190:
187:
185:
182:
179:
176:
174:
173:
172:Lupara bianca
169:
168:
162:
160:
156:
150:
145:
141:
138:" during the
137:
136:death flights
132:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
114:Vito Genovese
111:
110:Ernest Rupolo
107:
104:
99:
95:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
67:
65:
61:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1517:Cement shoes
1516:
1414:Other topics
1391:Unione Corse
1361:Murder, Inc.
1296:Broadway Mob
1225:Jewish Mafia
1044:Sixth Family
1039:One-way ride
1031:
1018:
952:
936:
929:
922:
743:Philadelphia
727:DeCavalcante
681:
657:Broadway Mob
641:
616:
600:
565:
474:. Retrieved
467:
457:
445:. Retrieved
440:
431:
419:. Retrieved
412:
403:
391:. Retrieved
386:
377:
366:. Retrieved
362:the original
357:
347:
338:
328:
320:
313:. Retrieved
308:
298:
286:. Retrieved
282:the original
271:
264:Adams, Cecil
258:
246:. Retrieved
241:
211:
208:
203:
170:
159:Paul Teitgen
140:Algerian War
133:
103:Philadelphia
100:
96:
89:
79:
78:movies like
73:
57:
54:Cement shoes
27:
23:
20:Cement shoes
19:
18:
1522:Shotgun Man
1321:The Council
1240:'Ndrangheta
1165:(1985–1986)
1159:(1985–1987)
1142:(1929–1931)
1136:(1914–1917)
1113:(1950–1951)
924:Consigliere
880:Trafficante
840:New Orleans
779:Los Angeles
774:Kansas City
472:(in French)
352:Ly, Laura.
288:December 4,
147: [
125:Rocco Perri
118:Jamaica Bay
1576:Euphemisms
1555:Categories
1423:operations
1421:Government
1002:Black Hand
931:Caporegime
850:Pittsburgh
715:East Coast
447:5 December
368:2020-02-28
315:August 11,
248:August 11,
195:References
122:bootlegger
951:Members (
943:Associate
918:Underboss
894:Structure
875:St. Louis
855:Rochester
845:Milwaukee
818:(Chicago)
801:Cleveland
733:Patriarca
469:France 24
131:in 1944.
106:racketeer
76:Hollywood
1542:Category
1104:Hearings
1069:Meetings
1014:Vendetta
992:Made man
954:made men
870:San Jose
860:Rockford
834:D'Aquila
822:Lanzetta
806:Colorado
795:Bufalino
683:Lucchese
643:Genovese
545:Families
476:June 25,
387:BBC News
178:Crushing
165:See also
60:concrete
40:concrete
1396:Westies
1289:Defunct
1195:Camorra
938:Soldato
882:(Tampa)
828:Morello
769:Detroit
764:Chicago
722:Buffalo
618:Gambino
609:Colombo
602:Colombo
567:Bonanno
220:1520639
184:Stoning
64:torture
1566:Murder
1464:Crimes
1275:Stidda
1188:Active
1150:Trials
1119:(1963)
1096:(1957)
1090:(1957)
1084:(1946)
1078:(1929)
1062:Events
1033:OmertĂ
997:Bagman
811:Dallas
421:May 6,
393:May 6,
218:
1561:Slang
979:Terms
816:Genna
216:JSTOR
151:]
36:gangs
32:Mafia
26:, or
1127:Wars
1049:Zips
913:Boss
478:2022
449:2016
423:2016
395:2016
317:2018
311:. AP
290:2008
250:2018
244:. AP
358:CNN
88:'s
34:or
1557::
556:of
466:.
439:.
411:.
385:.
356:.
337:.
319:.
307:.
276:.
270:.
240:.
226:^
212:21
149:fr
22:,
957:)
749:)
745:(
739:)
511:e
504:t
497:v
480:.
451:.
425:.
397:.
371:.
341:.
292:.
252:.
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