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1825:, where hot fires and rocks produced heat to aid in body cleansing. Thus, the qasgiq was a residence, bathhouse, and workshop for all but the youngest male community members who still lived with their mothers. Although there were no formally recognized leaders or offices to be held, men and boys were assigned specific places within the qasgiq that distinguished the rank of males by age and residence. The qasgiq was a ceremonial and spiritual center for the community.
1401:, shelter, tools, kayaks, and other essentials. These great creatures were sensitive; they were believed able to understand human conversations, and they demanded and received respect. Yuuyaraq prescribed the correct method of hunting and fishing and the correct way of handling all fish and game caught by the hunter in order to honor and appease the spirits and maintain a harmonious relationship with the fish and game. Although unwritten, this way can be compared to
7022:. As a result of epidemics, the Yupʼik world would go upside down; it would end. From there it spread like a wildfire to all corners of Alaska, killing up to 60 percent of the Northern Indigenous and Alaskan Athabaskan people. This epidemic killed whole families and wiped out entire villages. Many Kuskuqvamiut also migrated to the Bristol Bay region from the Kuskokwim River region to the north of Bristol Bay, especially after the influenza epidemic of 1918–19.
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1832:) and gatherings (within and between villages among the socio-territorial and neighboring groups) took place in the qasgiq. During the early 20th century, Christian church services were held in the qasgiq before churches were constructed. Virtually all official business, within the group, between groups and villages, and between villagers and non-Yupʼik (such as early missionaries) was conducted in the qasgiq.
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5992:), migratory waterfowl, bird eggs, berries, greens, and roots help sustain people throughout the region. Traditional subsistence foods are mixed with what is commercially available. Today about half the food is supplied by subsistence activities (subsistence foods), and the other half is purchased from commercial stores (market foods, store-bought foods).
1463:. The elder is defined as an individual who has lived an extended life, maintains a healthy lifestyle, and has a wealth of cultural information and knowledge. The elder has expertise based upon know-how and provides consultation to the community and family when needed. Traditionally, knowledge was passed down from the elders to the youth through
6751:(1872–1951) was a frontier physician and Moravian Church missionary and Edith Margaret's brother, who served as Mayor of Anchorage, Alaska, from 1937 to 1938. Although the resemblances between Yupʼik and Moravian ideology and action may have aided the initial presentation of Christianity, they also masked profound differences in expectation.
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seams contains a running stitch partially piercing the skin on top and an overlapping stitch on the inside with a grass insert. Caninermiut style Yupʼik kayak used in the
Kwigillingok and Kipnuk regions and there are teeth marks in the wood of the circular hatch opening, made by the builders as they bent and curved the driftwood into shape.
5572:), caribou and beaver skins were used for traditional clothing but Northern Indigenous peoples were compelled to sell most of their furs to the Russians and substitute (inferior) manufactured materials. Everyday functional items like skin mittens, mukluks, and jackets are commonly made today, but the elegant fancy parkas (
5129:
Yupʼik was not a written language until the arrival of
Europeans, the Russians, around the beginning of the 19th century. Pre-contact knowledge transfer and learning among Yupʼik people traditionally was through oral culture, with no written history or transcribed language. Children were taught about
1724:
in Cupʼig) was an individual or semi-communal smaller sod house. They looked similar in construction to the qasgiqs but were only about half the size. Women and children lived in houses that served as residences for two to five women and their children. Raising children was the women's responsibility
5927:
harvests (hunting, fishing, and berry gathering) supplemented by seasonal subsistence activities. The Yupʼik region is rich in waterfowl, fish, and sea and land mammals. Yupʼik settled where the water remained ice-free in winter, where walruses, whales, and seals came close to shore, and where there
5469:
system developed and used by the Yupʼik and other
Northern Indigenous peoples is the most effective cold-weather clothing developed to date. Yupʼik clothing tended to fit relatively loosely. Skin sewing is an artistic arena in which Yupʼik women and a few younger men excel. Yupʼik women made clothes
4944:
with five major dialects: extinct Egegik (Aglegmuit-Tarupiaq), and living Norton Sound or Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect (two subdialects: Unaliq and Kotlik), General
Central Yupʼik dialect (seven subdialects: Nelson Island and Stebbins, Nushagak River, Yukon or Lower Yukon, Upper or Middle Kuskokwim, Lake
990:
Before a
Russian colonial presence emerged in the area, the Aleut and Yupik spent most of their time sea-hunting animals such as seals, walruses, and sea lions. They used mainly wood, stone, or bone weapons and had limited experience fishing. Families lived together in large groups during the winter
310:
numbered over 34,000 people, of whom over 22,000 lived in Alaska. The vast majority of these live in the seventy or so communities in the traditional Yupʼik territory of western and southwestern Alaska. About 10,000 speak the language. The Yupʼik had the greatest number of people who identified with
6857:
with waterless toilets are common in many rural villages in the state of Alaska, such as those in the Bethel area of the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta. About one-fourth of Alaska's 86,000 Native residents live without running water and use plastic buckets, euphemistically called honey buckets, for toilets.
6405:
in Cupʼig) was the central figure of Yupʼik religious life and was the middle man between spirits and the humans. The role of the shaman is the primary leader, petitioner, and a trans-mediator between the human and non-human spiritual worlds in association with music, dance, and masks. The shaman's
5882:
in Cupʼig) are dressed in traditional-style clothing, intended to protect the wearer from cold weather, and are often made from traditional materials obtained through food gathering. Play dolls from the Yupʼik area were made of driftwood, bone, or walrus ivory and measured from one to twelve inches
5746:
by
Christian missionaries in the late 19th century. After a century, the Cama-i dance festival is a cultural celebration that started in the mid-1980s with the goal to gather dancers from outlying villages to share their music and dances. There are now many groups that perform dances in Alaska. The
4709:
in Cupʼig) are top piece centered at the side of the coaming and used as support as one climbs out of a kayak. They prevented the person from falling while getting in and out of the kayak. All kayaks had ayaperviik on them. This one has a woman's frowning face with a down-turned mouth carved on it.
2217:
people. Under normal conditions, there was little need for interregional travel, as each regional group had access to enough resources within its own territory to be completely self-sufficient. However, fluctuations in animal populations or weather conditions sometimes necessitated travel and trade
1131:
During the last phase of the
Russian period (1825 to 1865), the Alaska Natives began to suffer the effects of introduced infectious diseases, to which they had no acquired immunity. In addition, their societies were disrupted by increasing reliance on European trade goods from the permanent Russian
4669:
from another animal. Yupʼik kayaks are known from the earliest ethnographic reports, but there are currently no surviving full-size Yupʼik kayaks from the pre-contact period. The Yupʼik Norton Sound/Hooper Bay kayaks consisted of 5–6 young seal skins stretched for the covering. The Yupʼik style of
5688:
usually performed to songs in Yupʼik. Round drums cover with seal stomachs and played with wooden sticks of driftwood to provide a rhythmic beat. Both men and women choreograph the dances and sing in accompaniment. Typically, the men are in the front, kneeling and the women stand in the back. The
5329:
in Cupʼig) are traditional Yupʼik legends or mythical tales that have been transmitted from generation to generation and often have supernatural elements. These traditional stories that have been handed down by word of mouth and involve fictional, mythical, legendary, or historical characters, or
982:
For centuries, the Yup'ik had fought amongst each other in the Bow and Arrow Wars. According to oral traditions, they may have begun a thousand or 300 years ago, with various different theories as to how the wars begun. Yup'ik tribes constantly raided each other and destroyed villages, These wars
6872:
When Alaska became a state in 1959, state laws took control of alcohol regulation from the federal government and Native communities. In 1981, however, the state legislature changed the alcohol laws to give residents broad powers, via a local option referendum, to regulate how alcohol comes into
4778:
in Cupʼig; often used in the dual for one sled) are an ancient and widespread means of transportation for
Northern Indigenous peoples, but when non-Native fur traders and explorers first traveled the Yukon River and other interior regions in the mid-19th century they observed that only Yupikized
1556:
are referenced by the same terms as siblings, and cross cousins are differentiated. Marriages were arranged by parents. Yupʼik societies (regional or socio-territorial groups) were shown to have a band organization characterized by extensive bilaterally structured kinship with multifamily groups
1208:
The economy of the islands also took a hit under
American ownership. Hutchinson, Cool & Co., an American trading company, took advantage of its position as the only trader in the area and charged the natives as much as possible for its goods. The combination of high costs and low hunting and
5181:
17 Yupʼik villages had adopted local elementary bilingual programs by 1973. In the 1980s and 1990s, Yupʼik educators became increasingly networked across village spaces. Between the early 1990s and the run of the century, students in Yupʼik villages, like youth elsewhere became connected to the
2277:
who moved seasonally throughout the year within a reasonably well-defined territory to harvest sea and land mammals, fish, bird, berry and other renewable resources. The economy of Yupʼik is a mixed cash-subsistence system, like other modern foraging economies in Alaska. The primary use of wild
1262:
While the personal experiences of non-natives who visited the
Indigenous people of what is now called Alaska formed the basis of early research, by the mid-20th century archaeological excavations in southwestern Alaska allowed scholars to study the effects of foreign trade goods on 19th-century
5629:
is masks. The masks vary enormously but are characterized by the great invention. They are typically made of wood and painted with few colors. The Yupʼik masks were carved by men or women but mainly were carved by men. They most often create masks for ceremonies but the masks are traditionally
5223:
Atmautluak, Akiuk-Kasigluk, Akula-Kasigluk, Ayaprun, BABS School, Bethel High School, Chefornak, EEK, Goodnews Bay, Gladys Jung, Kipnuk, Kongiganak, Kwethluk, Kwigillingok, M.E. School, Mekoryuk, Napakiak, Napaskiak, Newtok, Nightmute, Nunapitchuk, Oscarville, Platinum, Quinhagak, Toksook Bay,
1863:
Prior to and during the mid-19th century, the time of Russian exploration and presence in the area, the Yupiit were organized into at least twelve, and perhaps as many as twenty, territorially distinct regional or socio-territorial groups (their native names will generally be found ending in
1067:, and scattered coastal locations on the mainland. Russian Orthodox missionaries went to these islands, where in 1800 priests conducted services in the local language on Kodiak Island, and by 1824 in the Aleutian Islands. An Orthodox priest translated the Holy Scripture and the liturgy into
5390:
literally "let's go story knife!") stories a traditional and still common activity of young girls and is told by children of all ages in the Yupʼik lands. These stories are illustrated by figures sketched on mud or snow with a ceremonial knife, known as a story knife or storytelling knife
6421:
for winter ceremonies. The specified masks depicted survival essentials requested in ceremonies. Shamans often carved the symbolic masks that were vital to many Yupʼik ceremonial dances and these masks represented spirits that the shaman saw during visions. Shaman masks or plaque masks
1032:
After the Bering expedition in 1741, Russians raced to explore the Aleutian Islands and gain control of its resources. The Indigenous peoples were forced to pay taxes in the form of beaver and seal fur and opted to do so rather than fight the ever-growing stream of Russian hunters.
4661:, fishing, and general transportation. The Yupʼik people considered a kayak the owner's most prized possession. Traditionally, a kayak was a Yupʼik hunter's most prized possession and a symbol of manhood. It is fast and maneuverable, seaworthy, light, and strong. Kayak is made of
6071:. Cabin-on-post caches are thought to have appeared in the 1870s. The cabin on-post form may thus have been introduced by early traders, miners, or missionaries, who would have brought with them memories of the domestic and storage structures constructed in their homelands.
1551:
cousin terminology. Bilateral descent provides each individual with his or her own unique set of relatives or kindred: some consanguineal members from the father's kin group and some from the mother's, with all four grandparents affiliated equally with the individual.
1282:
The first academic cultural studies of southwestern Alaskan Indigenous people were developed only in the late 1940s. This was due in part to a dearth of English-language documentation, as well as competition in the field of other subject areas. American anthropologist
5733:
is used as a generic term for Yupʼik/Cupʼik regular dance. Also, yuraq is concerned with animal behavior and hunting of animals or with the ridicule of individuals (ranging from affectionate teasing to punishing public embarrassment). But, used for inherited dance is
4869:. The Yupʼik people constitute the largest ethnic group in Alaska and the Yupʼik languages are spoken by the largest number of native persons. Yupʼik, like all Northern Indigenous languages, is a suffixing language made up of noun and verb bases to which one or more
1680:
were connected by a tunnel. Both qasgiq and ena also served as schools and workshops for young boys and girls. Among the Akulmiut, the residential pattern of separate houses for women and children and a single residence for men and boys persisted until about 1930.
10747:
Gerald V. Mohatt, Carlotta Ching Ting Fok, David Henry, James Allen (2014). "Feasibility of a community intervention for the prevention of suicide and alcohol abuse with Yupʼik Alaska Native youth: the Elluam Tungiinun and Yupiucimta Asvairtuumallerkaa studies".
6987:. It infected 500 million people across the world, including remote Pacific islands and the Arctic, and killed 50 to 100 million of them—three to five percent of the world's population—making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in human history.
6066:
place designed to store food outdoors and prevent animals from accessing it. Elevated cache types include log or plank caches, open racks, platform caches, and tree caches. The high cabin-on-post cache was probably not an indigenous form among either Eskimos or
6928:, but Alaska Natives showed the lowest incidence of death. Existing data do indicate, however, that Alaska Native alcohol-related death rates are almost nine times the national average, and approximately 7% of all Alaska Native deaths are alcohol-related.
1806:"in the qasgi") is a communal larger sod house. The qasgiq was used and occupied from November through March. The qasgiq housed all adult males in the community and male youth about seven years and older. The women prepared meals in their houses, known as
5693:)to emphasize and exaggerate arm motions. Dancing plays an important role in both the social and spiritual life of the Yupʼik community. The Yupʼik have returned to practicing their songs and dances, which are a form of prayer. Traditional dancing in the
1569:
in winter to take advantage of group subsistence activities. Villages were organized in certain ways. Cultural rules of kinship served to define relationships among the individuals of the group. Villages ranged in size from just two to more than a dozen
5701:(men's house) where they would join in an evening of ceremonial singing and dancing. The mask was a central element in Yupʼik ceremonial dancing. There are dances for fun, social gatherings, exchange of goods, and thanksgiving. Yupʼik ways of dancing (
9094:. (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Etnografii im. N. N. Miklukho-Maklaia.) Moscow: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka." 1971. Pp. 269 and Alton S. Donnelly. (Materials for the Study of Alaska History, number 4.) Kingston, Ont.: Limestone Press. 1973. Pp. x, 376".
1859:
Among the Yupʼik of southwestern Alaska, societies (regional or socio-territorial groups), like those of the Iñupiat of northwestern Alaska, were differentiated by territory, speech patterns, clothing details, annual cycles, and ceremonial life.
6738:
literally "people of Mamterilleq"). In 1885, the Moravian Church established a mission in Bethel, under the leadership of the Kilbucks and John's friend and classmate William H. Weinland (1861–1930) and his wife with carpenter Hans Torgersen.
1051:. According to some estimates, Russian employees of the trading company killed more than 2,000 Alutiiq. The company then took over control of the island. By the late 1790s, its trading posts had become the centers of permanent settlements of
6881:(teetotal) and clarify the ballot wording and scheduling of local option referendums. Alaska specifically allows local jurisdictions to elect to go dry by public referendum. State law allows each village to decide on restrictions, and some
1596:
Formerly, social status was attained by successful hunters who could provide food and skins. Successful hunters were recognized as leaders by members of the social group. Although there were no formally recognized leaders, informal
6888:
Since the 1960s there has been a dramatic rise in alcohol abuse, alcoholism, and associated violent behaviors, which have upset family and village life and resulted in physical and psychological injury, death, and imprisonment.
10733:
David Henry, James Allen, Carlotta Ching Ting Fok, Stacy Rasmus, and Bill Charles (2012). "Patterns of protective factors in an intervention for the prevention of suicide and alcohol abuse with Yupʼik Alaska Native youth".
10242:. The Oratory of Yupʼik Elder Paul John. Translated by Sophie Shield, edited by Ann Fienup-Riordan. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, in cooperation with the Calista Elders Council, Bethel, Alaska, 2003.
2033:, inhabiting the tundra or "Big Lake" area north of the Kuskokwim River. The name denotes people living on the tundra—as opposed to those living along the coastline or major rivers—such as in the present-day villages of
1489:
is a program that involves elders in teaching and curriculum development in a formal educational setting (oftentimes a university), and is intended to influence the content of courses and the way the material is taught.
5427:. They most often create masks for ceremonies but the masks are traditionally destroyed after being used. These masks are used to bring the person wearing them luck and good fortune in hunts. Other art forms, including
4913:
working with linguists. The Yupʼik are among the most numerous of the various Alaska Natives. There are 10,400 speakers out of a population of 25,000, but the language was classified as threatened in 2007, according to
1725:
until young boys left the home to join other males in the qasgiq to learn discipline and how to make a living. The ena also served as a school and workshop for young girls, where they could learn the art and craft of
5928:
was a fishing stream or a bird colony nearby. Even if a place was not very convenient for human civilization, but had a rich game, Yupʼik would settle there. The coastal settlements rely more heavily on sea mammals (
5755:
Every year, the Yupiit of the Qaluuyaaq (Nelson Island) and the surrounding villages of Nelson Island gather up every weekend in each village. Each village hosts a Yupik dance festival which they call the festival
1120:. During this time, they exchanged massacres for virtual enslavement and exploitation. The major portion of Alaska remained little known, and the Yupʼik of the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta were not strongly affected. The
6205:
and guts in a wooden barrel, cover it with burlap, and bury it in the ground for about a week. For a short while in modern times, plastic bags and buckets replaced the barrel. However this increased the risk of
1140:
missionaries, who sought to convert the peoples to their form of Christianity. The missionaries learned native languages, and conducted services in those languages from the early decades of the 19th century. The
5149:
The early schools for Alaska Natives were mostly church-run schools of the Russian Orthodox missions in Russian-controlled Alaska (1799–1867), and, after 1890, the Jesuits and Moravians, allowed the use of the
6810:(DHA). EPA and DHA protect against heart disease and possibly diabetes. The replacement of a subsistence diet that is low in fat and high in omega-3s with a market-based Western diet has increased the risk of
1609:, or good provider, was a man of considerable importance in village life. This man was consulted in any affair of importance affecting the village in general, particularly in determining participation in the
9887:
6640:
influence. The arrival of missionaries dramatically altered life along the Bering Sea coast. Yupʼik beliefs and lifestyles have changed considerably since the arrival of Westerners during the 19th century.
4921:
1188:
During the Early American Period (1867–1939), the federal government generally neglected the territory, other than using positions in territorial government for political patronage. There was an effort to
1481:
meaning "to be hard; to be tough". Yupʼik discipline is different from Western discipline. The discipline and authority within Yupʼik child-rearing practices have at their core respect for the children.
345:. Today, the Yupʼik generally work and live in western style but still hunt and fish in traditional subsistence ways and gather traditional foods. Most Yupʼik people still speak the native language and
1303:, and Wendell H. Oswalt were among the earliest scholars to undertake significant archaeological research in the Yupʼik region. VanStone demonstrates the ethnographic approach to cultural history in
1205:, ceremonial buildings for Yup'ik men, disappeared due to missionary coercion. During the early American period, native languages were forbidden in mission schools, where only English was permitted.
6691:
The Russian Orthodox presence in Yupʼik territory was challenged in the late 1880s by Moravian and Catholic missions. Eventually, the Russian Orthodox missions in Alaska consolidated into a whole
5419:
The Yupʼik traditionally decorate almost all of their tools, even ones that perform smaller functions. Traditionally sculptures are not made for decoration. One of their most popular forms of the
5411:
is an antler story knife). In the Yupʼik storytelling tradition, an important aspect of traditional stories is that each listener can construct his or her own meaning from the same storytelling.
1315:(born 1948) began writing extensively about the Yukon-Kuskokwim Indigenous people in the 1980s; she melded Yupʼik voices with traditional anthropology and history in an unprecedented fashion.
5200:
is still quite common in Alaska today, especially among Native people who speak English in addition to their own language. All village schools are publicly funded by the state of Alaska. The
9928:
6778:(1906–1989) was a Spanish Jesuit, philosopher, and author who spent 40 years as a missionary among the Yupʼik people in the most remote parts of Alaska. His first mission was at Akulurak.
10790:
4842:' Kuskokwim Campus and city offices. The mission of the center is to promote, preserve and develop the traditions of the Yupʼik through traditional and non-traditional art forms of the
5162:, he proposed a policy of prohibition of indigenous language use in all Alaskan schools. This policy came into full force in about 1910. From that time period until the passage of the
6747:
to be ordained as a Moravian minister. They served the Yupʼik, used their language in the Moravian Church in their area, and supported the development of a writing system for Yupʼik.
6743:(1861–1922) and his wife, Edith Margaret Romig (1865–1933), were Moravian missionaries in southwestern Alaska in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. John H. Kilbuck was the first
5845:. It is regarded as one of the most simple, yet most complex, cultural artifacts/toys in the world. The Eskimo yo-yo involves simultaneously swinging two sealskin balls suspended on
9086:
Translated by Colin Bearne. Edited by Richard A. Pierce. (Materials for the Study of Alaska History, number 3.) Kingston, Ont.: Limestone Press. 1973. Pp. xvi, 140, S. G. Fedorova.
6905:(accidents) and intentional self-harm (suicide) have been among the leading causes of death in Native Alaska for many years. Alaska Natives have higher rates of suicide than other
5630:
destroyed after being used. After Christian contact in the late 19th century, masked dancing was suppressed, and today it is not practiced as it was before in the Yupʼik villages.
4555:. Kayaks were used more frequently than umiaks. Traditionally, kayaking and umiaking served as water transportation and sea hunting. Dog sleds are ideal for land transportation.
959:
By about 3,000 years ago the progenitors of the Yupiit had settled along the coastal areas of what would become western Alaska, with migrations up the coastal rivers—notably the
6798:
Traditional subsistence foods, such as fish and marine mammals, and to a lesser extent shellfish, are the only significant direct dietary sources of two important types of the
11732:
1531:
or lineal kinship. This kinship system is bilateral and a basic social unit consisting of from two to four generations, including parents, offspring, and parents' parents.
1307:(1967). Wendell Oswalt published a comprehensive ethnographic history of the Yukon–Kuskokwim delta region, the longest and most detailed work on Yupʼik history to date in
8849:, a family comedy feature film is about a 13-year-old half-Yupʼik girl navigating her way through her first heartbreak and the perils of prep school in Fairbanks, Alaska.
2213:
While Yupiit were nomadic, the abundant fish and game of the Y-K Delta and Bering Sea coastal areas permitted for a more settled life than for many of the more northerly
4791:, used dogs in this way. Both of these people had probably learned the technique from their Iñupiat or Yupʼik neighbors. Non-Yupikized Athabaskan groups, including the
2179:
and the vicinity of the 19th-century Russian outpost Kolmakovskii Redoubt. By the mid-19th century, many Kiatagmiut had migrated to the drainage of the Nushagak River.
6841:. Water from rivers and lakes is no longer potable as a result of pollution. Wells must be drilled and sewage lagoons built, but there are inherent problems as well.
10773:
Matthew Berman, Teresa Hull, and P. May (2000). "Alcohol control and injury death in Alaska native communities: wet, damp and dry under Alaska's local option law".
9884:
8995:
6722:: Northern, Southern, Alaska, and Labrador. The Moravian mission was first founded at Bethel, along the Kuskokwim River in 1885. The mission and reindeer station
1397:
Yuuyaraq defined the correct way of thinking and speaking about all living things, especially the great sea and land mammals on which the Yupʼik relied for food,
10455:
11541:
2131:, the Yupʼik name for the Kuskokwim River, possibly meaning "a big thing (river) with a small flow". The Kusquqvagmiut can be further divided into two groups:
9300:
Lieutenant Zagoskin's Travels in Russian America, 1842–1844: The First Ethnographic and Geographic Investigations in the Yukon and Kuskokwim Valleys of Alaska
7010:), and 8 percent of the native population of Alaska. More than 1,000 people died in northwest Alaska, and double that across the state, and the majority were
1216:(ANCSA) was signed into law on December 18, 1971. The ANCSA is central to both Alaska's history and current Alaska Native economies and political structures.
10254:
Qanemcikarluni Tekitnarqelartuq = One must arrive with a story to tell: Traditional Alaska Native Yupʼik Eskimo Stories in a Culturally Based Math Curriculum
2160:
6406:
professional responsibility was to enact ancient forms of prayers to request the survival needs of the people. The powerful shaman is called a big shaman (
5779:(1977) is an ethnographic documentary on the culture of the Yupʼik people, focusing primarily on dance, music, and potlatch traditions in the community of
1632:. The captain had the power to collect the surplus of the village and much of the basic production of individual family members and later redistribute it.
5883:
in height or more. Some human figurines were used by shamans. Dolls also mediated the transition between childhood and adulthood in the Yupʼik shamanism.
10472:. Samples were collected in 2004 for the Alaska Traditional Diet Project. Prepared by the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services. July 19, 2011.
952:
in waves of migration before the ancestors of the Eskimo and Aleut; there were three major waves of migration from Siberia to the Americas by way of the
7569:
1839:
or snow houses. But, the northern and northwestern Alaskan Iñupiaq built snow houses for temporary shelter during their winter hunting trips. The word
2171:, meaning "inside" or "upriver"; hence, "upriver people". The Kiatagmiut lived inland along the Kuskokwim River drainage from the present location of
311:
one tribal grouping and no other race (29,000). In that census, nearly half of American Indians and Alaska Natives identified as being of mixed race.
11408:
10584:
7984:
1319:
5362:
in Cupʼig) are a personal and historical Yupʼik narratives that can be attributed to an individual author, even though he or she has been forgotten.
17:
10715:
Hazel, K.L.; Mohatt, G.V. (2001). "Cultural and Spiritual Coping in Sobriety: Informing Substance Abuse prevention for Alaska Native Communities".
11044:
8723:(born 1989), a Yupʼik-Inupiaq snowboarder Olympian and the first Yupʼik Eskimo (Inuit) on the U.S. National Snowboard Team and Winter Olympic Team
5213:
Alakanuk, Emmonak, Hooper Bay, Ignatius Beans Memorial, Kotlik, Marshall, Pilot Station, Pitkas Point, Russian Mission, Scammon Bay, Sheldon Point
10122:
9090:. . (Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Institut Etnografii im. N. N. Miklukho-Maklaia.) Moscow: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka." 1971. Pp. 269 and Svetlana G. Fedorova.
6577:(ghost said to have a big blanket, which it wraps around children who are out too late at night playing hide-and-seek, it then takes them away);
6672:) who became a priest of the Orthodox Church, being the first Alaska Native Orthodox priest in Alaska, and continued the missionary work of St.
1236:) who were known for their memories, and those were the people who told the young about the group's history. Their stories (traditional legends
9982:
5641:, provided photographs of Yupʼik ceremonial masks collected by Adams Hollis Twitchell, an explorer and trader who traveled Alaska during the
314:
Yupʼik, Cupʼik, and Cupʼig speakers can converse without difficulty, and the regional population is often described using the larger term of
9391:. Adopted by the Assembly of Alaska Native Educators. Published by the Alaska Native Knowledge Network. Anchorage, Alaska. February 1, 2000,
10487:, Jody Seitz, technical paper no. 195, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, December 1990. Page 68.
10059:
9002:. Alaska Native Language Center. Developed by Alaska Department of Education Bilingual/Bicultural Education Programs. Juneau, Alaska, 1984.
6692:
10469:
10229:. Translations by Anna W. Jacobson in consultation with Steven A. Jacobson. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Alaska Native Language Center.
6990:
In the U.S., about 28% of the population suffered, and 500,000 to 675,000 died. Native American tribes were particularly hard hit. In the
8795:
4846:, including arts and crafts, performance arts, education, and Yupʼik language. The center also supports local artists and entrepreneurs.
1932:(for instance, a tree bent by the wind). Pastulirmiut were speakers of the Norton Sound Kotlik subdialect of Yupʼik, and are also called
1259:, is slowly emerging. The first academic studies of the Yupʼik tended to generalize all "Eskimo" cultures as homogeneous and changeless.
11215:
1074:
The Russian period, lasting roughly 120 years, can be divided into three 40-year periods: 1745 to 1785, 1785 to 1825, and 1825 to 1865.
11534:
10502:
6994:
area alone, 3,293 deaths were registered among Native Americans. Entire villages perished in Alaska. The influenza epidemic across the
6730:
literally "site of many caches") was first established by Moravian missionaries near or at the small Yupʼik village called Mumtrelega (
6581:(witch or ghost that walks in the air above the ground and has no liver; a large monster that lives in the mountains and eats people).
6297:
1378:
in Cupig) is the term for the Yupʼik way of life as a human being. The expression encompasses interactions with others, subsistence or
9925:
9836:
9811:
6873:
their communities. The 1986 statutes have remained in effect since that time, with only relatively minor amendments to formalize the
6684:) on the Yukon River in 1844 and served there until 1863. Netsvetov invented an alphabet and translated church materials and several
4563:
in winter. Only small local road systems exist in Southwest Alaska. Only a few closely adjacent villages are linked by roads. Today,
2205:(Aglegmiut), inhabiting the Bristol Bay area along the Lower Nushagak River and the northern Alaska Peninsula. The word derives from
10806:
10519:
8915:
6445:). Shamans wearing masks of bearded seal, moose, wolf, eagle, beaver, fish, and the north wind were accompanied by drums and music.
4547:(water). Sea mammal hunting and fishing in the Bering Sea region took place from both small narrow closed skin-covered boats called
10957:
4599:
10450:
Susan W. Fair (1997), "Story, storage, and symbol: functional cache architecture, cache narratives, and roadside attractions". In
6818:
in Alaska Natives. Many markets (store-bought) foods are high in fats, carbohydrates, and sodium; and these may lead to increased
1660:, with some for the men and others for the women (with their children). The Yupʼik men lived together in a larger communal house (
9194:. Alaska OCS Socioeconomic Studies Program. Prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Outer Continental Shelf Office, January 1982.
6452:
Big mouth, 1493 by Hartmann Schedel (1440–1514), Nuremberg Chronicle (Schedel'sche Weltchronik). The Big mouth similar to Yupʼik
6301:
6289:
5159:
1128:
between representatives of the Russian Empire and the United States on April 17, 1824, and went into effect on January 12, 1825.
10929:
10509:, 2005 update, State of Alaska, Department of Health & Social Services, Division of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology.
5634:
9013:
2263:. The area covers about 100,000 square miles which are roughly about 1/3 of Alaska. Their lands are located in five of the 32
11554:
11527:
11086:
10834:
10568:
10227:
Yupʼik stories read aloud = Yugcetun Qulirat Naaqumalriit Erinairissuutmun. With transcriptions and word-by-word translations
7031:
6906:
984:
391:
11201:
Jacobson, Steven A. "Central Yupʼik and the Schools: A Handbook for Teachers". Juneau: Alaska Native Language Center, 1984.
10046:
9359:. Anchorage, Alaska: National Resource Center for American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Elders. December 2004.
1984:, deriving from the same word, denotes flatland dwellers in general living between the mouth of the Yukon and Nelson Island.
11722:
11012:
9740:
8831:
1000:
11479:
11475:
11153:
The Real People and the Children of Thunder: The Yupʼik Eskimo Encounter With Moravian Missionaries John and Edith Kilbuck
10861:
10647:
The Real People and the Children of Thunder: The Yupʼik Eskimo Encounter With Moravian Missionaries John and Edith Kilbuck
6201:
such as king and silver salmon heads, are a traditional food of the Yupʼik. A customary way of preparing them is to place
11727:
9373:"The indigenous worldview of Yupiaq culture: its scientific nature and relevance to the practice and teaching of science"
8990:
7046:
7042:
1213:
1098:
10023:, Northern Minority Languages: Problems of Survival, Senri Ethnological Studies 44 1997, pp 187–223 (tablo sayfası: 194)
10364:
9711:
4827:
4598:). The smiling face of a man and the frowning face of a woman grace these pieces from a kayak frame. Collection of the
1142:
945:
9660:
5118:
spoken by most adults but not by most children & spoken only by elder people (mainly those above 50 years of age)
5104:
spoken by most adults but not by most children & spoken only by elder people (mainly those above 50 years of age)
5090:
spoken by most adults but not by most children & spoken only by elder people (mainly those above 50 years of age)
4860:
476:
literally means 'real person'. The ethnographic literature sometimes refers to the Yupʼik people or their language as
299:
202:
89:
11275:
10385:
10372:
10086:
9763:. Technical Paper No. 328, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, August 2007.
9493:
8867:"Table 16. American Indian and Alaska Native Alone and Alone or in Combination Population by Tribe for Alaska: 2000".
1190:
10303:
9910:
9868:
10342:
9748:. Technical Paper No. 114, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, March 1985
8791:
8732:
6874:
6719:
5261:
1383:
1194:
117:
10896:
9683:
Branson and Troll, 2006, p. xii. Map 3, "Tribal areas, villages and linguistics around 1818, the time of contact."
5076:
spoken by most or all adults as well as all or most children & spoken by most adults but not by most children
2285:
On the coast, in the past as in the present, to discuss hunting was to begin to define a man. In Yupʼik, the word
2248:
11306:
9712:
Yupʼik (Central Eskimo) Language Guide (and more!), a useful introduction to the Central Eskimo (Yupʼik) Language
6936:
5218:
9372:
9283:
5374:, socializing, preparing food, repairing tools, and surviving from one season to the next. Yupʼik oral stories (
11195:
8903:
8891:
6984:
6352:
6318:
5853:
5166:
in 1968, children in Alaskan schools suffered severe treatment for speaking their Native languages in schools.
4906:
4839:
1263:
Eskimo material culture. Also, translations of pertinent journals and documents from Russian explorers and the
484:. In the Hooper Bay-Chevak and Nunivak dialects of Yupʼik, both the language and the people are given the name
4945:
Iliamna, Lower Kuskokwim, and Bristol Bay), Hooper Bay-Chevak dialect (two subdialects: Hooper Bay Yupʼik and
2296:
Northwest Alaska is one of the richest Pacific salmon areas in the world, with the world's largest commercial
11191:
8884:
8799:
5221:(LKSD). English and Yupʼik (with Cupʼig at the Nunivak Island) bilingual education is done at these schools:
5158:(1834–1909) began a policy of prohibiting Native languages in the mission schools he managed. When he became
5130:
subsistence practices, culture, and social systems through stories, legends, toys, and examples of behavior.
4915:
4653:"surface; top")) is a small narrow closed skin-covered boat and was first used by the native speakers of the
1745:
1121:
10006:
9191:
8955:
6924:
in the United States overall. Deaths due to alcohol among American Indians are more common in men and among
6702:
10196:
10147:
9797:
Celeste Jordan (2014), Yupʼik Eskimo kayak miniatures: Preliminary notes on kayaks from the Nunalleq site.
9252:. Prepared for North Star Group. Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage.
7222:
6867:
5792:
5231:(YSD) English and Yupʼik (with Cupʼig at the Nunivak Island) bilingual education is done at these schools:
4516:
2279:
1460:
1201:(1888) missions and schools were established along the Kuskokwim and lower Yukon rivers, respectively. The
11067:
9555:
Fienup-Riordan, 1990, p. 154, "Figure 7.1. Regional groupings for the Yukon-Kuskokwim region, circa 1833."
5034:
Maintenance of the Eskimo-Aleut languages of Alaska (1980 and 1992) and their degree of viability (1992).
1617:
ceremonies. He was said to be a major contributor to those ceremonies and provider to orphans and widows.
11487:
8870:
American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes for the United States, Regions, Divisions, and States (PHC-T-18)
5237:
5208:
5174:
4953:
dialect. Nunivak Island dialect (Cupʼig) is distinct and highly divergent from mainland Yupʼik dialects.
10761:
10172:
9667:
Mekoryuk, AK: Nuniwarmiut Piciryarata Tamaryalkuti (Nunivak Cultural Programs). Retrieved on 2004-04-14.
9247:
5689:
drummers are in the very back of the dance group. The Yupʼik use dance fans (finger masks or maskettes,
5330:
animals taking on human characteristics, told for entertainment and edification. Yupʼik family legends (
1732:
10701:
9312:
6932:
6696:
4654:
1821:
construction. It was also a place for learning hunting and fishing skills. At times, the men created a
1813:
The qasgiq served as a school and workshop for young boys, where they could learn the art and craft of
303:
125:
31:
10883:
10454:, edited by AnneMarie Adams and Sally McMurray, pp. 167–182. Nashville University of Tennessee Press.
10126:
9611:
Oswalt, 1990, p. ii, "The Kusquqvagmiut area and the surrounding Eskimo and Indian populations" (map).
9583:
Oswalt, 1967, pp. 5–9. See also Map 2, "Aboriginal Alaskan Eskimo tribes", insert between pp. 6 and 7.
4950:
2106:
1672:). Although the men and women lived separately, they had many interactions. Depending on the village,
288:
97:
11444:
11398:
10253:
10201:
Toward a community-based transition to a Yupʼik first language (immersion) program with ESL component
10020:
9165:
6910:
6609:
6441:) were empowered by shamans and are powerful ceremonial masks represented a shaman's helping spirit (
4894:
1485:
More recently, elders have been invited to attend and present at national conferences and workshops.
1109:
1012:
9151:
5245:
4946:
505:, exemplifies Central Yupʼik orthography: "The apostrophe represents gemination of the 'p' sound."
276:
93:
10814:
9368:
7963:
7035:
6140:(or in some places, non-salmon) species are the primary main subsistence food for the Yupʼik. Both
6106:
4504:
2386:
1335:
1264:
1113:
1016:
900:
400:
was used in the southern area (Kuskokwim, Canineq , Bristol Bay). Certain places (Chevak, Nunivak,
341:
The Yupʼik combine a contemporary and a traditional subsistence lifestyle in a blend unique to the
10414:
Weapon, Toy, or Art? The Eskimo yo-yo as a commodified Arctic bola and marker of cultural Identity
10319:
10047:
The Yupʼik bilingual curriculum of the Lower Kuskokwim School District: A continuing success story
9979:
9723:
9449:. Technical Paper No. 177. Juneau, AK: Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence.
4881:
are added to denote such features as a number, case, person, and position. The Yupʼik category of
2293:(to catch after chasing; to catch something for food) and means, literally, a device for chasing.
1471:
is a lesson or reminder by which the younger generation learns from the experience of the elders.
1015:
in the Aleutian Islands and northern Alaska indigenous settlements. (These were the basis for the
11519:
10060:
An ethnographic long hook: language and literacy over time and space in Alaska Native communities
9458:
Tina D. Delapp (1991), "American Eskimos: the Yupʼik and Inupiat." In Joyce Newman Giger (eds.),
9204:
8720:
8399:
8368:
6677:
6645:
6629:
6550:
5638:
5163:
5151:
4579:
3175:
1300:
10961:
956:. This causeway became exposed between 20,000 and 8,000 years ago during periods of glaciation.
11611:
10636:. Second edition by James McCormick. USGS Bulletin: 299. Washington: Government Printing Office
9230:
8919:
8866:
8704:
7007:
6811:
6740:
6122:
5251:
5228:
4472:
2009:
244:
9757:
James S. Magdanz, Sandra Tahbone, Austin Ahmasuk, David S. Koster, and Brian L. Davis (2007),
8811:) (c. 1860–1924), Moravian helper, author, translator, and inventor of a Yupʼik writing system
6939:
was 1.5 to 2.5 per 1000 live births, more than seven times the national average, while among
5334:) are oral stories that have been handed down through the generations within a certain family.
11465:
11460:
9138:
8869:
8676:
8389:
8331:
8268:
7863:
7414:
7362:
7153:
6921:
6803:
5576:) of traditional times are now rare. Today, many Yupʼik have adopted western-style clothing.
5138:
4910:
4512:
4508:
2297:
1414:
1391:
1379:
1323:
1272:
240:
10671:
10615:
10497:
10482:
9354:
6257:
The tundra provides berries for making jams, jellies, and a Yupʼik delicacy commonly called
5256:
Lower Kalskag, Kalskag, Aniak, Chuathbaluk, Crooked creek, Red Devil, Sleetmute, Stony River
4823:
Yupʼik (as Yupʼik and Cupʼik) culture is one of five cultural groups of the Alaska Natives.
1055:(1799–1867). Until about 1819, Russian settlement and activity were largely confined to the
1007:
to America for whaling and fishing expeditions. Gradually the crews established hunting and
11264:
10685:"Alcohol Control by Referendum in Northern Native communities: The Alaska Local Option Law"
9840:
8476:
8289:
8105:
7821:
7548:
7341:
6902:
6807:
6114:
5981:
5593:
4874:
3940:
2682:
2513:
2317:
2176:
1170:
972:
9401:
8904:
2010 Census Shows Nearly Half of American Indians and Alaska Natives Report Multiple Races
1291:
in 1946; it was the first complete description of any Alaskan indigenous group. She began
883:
8:
11563:
11299:
11211:
10829:
10596:
10560:
10203:, The Bilingual Research journal, Summer/Fall 1995, Vol. 19., Nos. 3 & 4, pp. 571–585
8597:
8555:
8518:
8434:
8413:
8189:
7299:
6827:
6068:
5902:
5443:
4929:
4804:
3372:
2034:
1973:
1899:
1540:
1532:
1498:
1224:
Before European contact (until the 1800s), the history of the Yupʼik, like that of other
1209:
fishing productivity persisted until the Russo-Japanese war cut off contact with Russia.
1178:
850:
357:
346:
10684:
8830:(born 1964), oil field production operator, commercial fisherman, and snowmobile racer (
6901:
than among most American racial/ethnic groups, especially among rural young Yupʼik men.
5530:
is used to process and cut skins for clothing and footwear. Women made most clothing of
1968:(Mararmiut, Maarmiut, Magemiut), inhabiting the Scammon Bay area. The name derives from
861:
11606:
11134:
10434:
9481:
9125:
Chamberlin, Jamie (2005). "State Leadership Conference: Document, Document, Document".
8639:
8231:
8168:
7758:
7611:
7590:
7383:
7191:
7019:
6980:
6943:, the rate of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder was as high as 5.6 per 1000 live births.
6914:
6799:
6673:
6448:
6184:
6090:
6018:) was used to store food where it would be safe from animals. Hooper Bay, Alaska, 1929.
4898:
4886:
4882:
4796:
4574:
4488:
4480:
3489:
3436:
2446:
2309:
2068:
2042:
1991:
1895:
1886:, denoting a Yupʼik from the Norton Sound area, especially the north shore villages of
1503:
1327:
1312:
1174:
1117:
1048:
953:
940:. Migrating east, they reached the Bering Sea area about 10,000 years ago. Research on
833:
11115:
Always Getting Ready – Upterrlainarluta: Yupʼik Eskimo Subsistence in Southwest Alaska
9335:
6706:
The Yupʼik at Moravian Mission Station, Bethel on the Kuskokwim River in the year 1900
6272:) consists of the roots of various tundra plants which are cached by voles in burrows
5697:
is a communal activity in the Yupʼik tradition. Mothers and wives brought food to the
5460:
5428:
5266:
Aleknagik, Clarks Point, Ekwok, Koliganek, Manokotak, New Stuyahok, Togiak, Twin Hills
1882:(Unaligmiut), inhabiting the Norton Sound area. The name derives from the Yupʼik word
1726:
1398:
373:
11271:
10843:
10564:
10418:
10368:
10360:
10306:, Alaska State Museums Conceps, Second Reprint of Technical Paper Number 2, July 1999
10273:
9489:
9107:
9061:
8660:
8455:
8347:
8210:
8147:
8063:
8021:
7900:
7737:
7257:
7132:
6976:
6759:
6223:
6098:
5989:
5985:
5912:
5846:
5626:
5535:
5420:
5277:
4941:
4902:
4843:
3778:
3676:
3087:
2305:
2252:
2060:
1544:
1296:
1276:
1150:
1036:
361:
10008:
Alaskan Eskimo Languages population, dialects, and distribution based on 1980 Census
8765:(1916–1979), a priest's wife from Kwethluk village; Native Alaskan of Yupʼik origin.
6418:
5892:
5677:
5654:
5371:
2270:
Before European contact, the Yupʼik, like other neighboring Indigenous groups, were
1871:
which signifies "inhabitants of ..." tied together by kinship—hence the Yupʼik word
1829:
1334:(1988). A more scholarly, yet similar, treatment of cultural change can be found in
1318:
The historiography of western Alaska has few Yupʼik scholars contributing writings.
1116:
was organized and continued in the exploration of the lucrative north Pacific Ocean
11214:. "Culture and Change for Iñupiat and Yupiks of Alaska". 2004. Alaska. 12 Nov 2008
10809:
10216:. Fairbanks, AK: Lower Kuskokwim School District and Alaska Native Language Center.
9126:
9099:
9021:
8726:
8576:
8497:
8310:
8084:
8042:
7942:
7921:
7842:
7800:
7716:
7674:
7111:
7069:
6995:
6920:
As of 2009, about 12% of the deaths among American Indians and Alaska Natives were
6882:
6831:
6823:
6775:
6755:
6242:
5965:
4495:, Stebbins and St. Michael), tended to trade with Yupʼik communities to the south:
4484:
4468:
3588:
2566:
2321:
2038:
1645:
1566:
1548:
1198:
1137:
1068:
1060:
1056:
872:
815:
342:
260:
224:
101:
7045:
of the Yupʼik were established in 1971 when the United States Congress passed the
6010:
5747:
most popular activity in the Yupʼik-speaking area is rediscovered Yupʼik dancing.
5584:
227:: Юпики центральной Аляски), are an Indigenous people of western and southwestern
11329:
10985:
Donahue, Deirdre (07/29/2003). "'Miles' takes measure of canine, human heroism".
10506:
10413:
10395:
9986:
9932:
9914:
9891:
9872:
9744:
9664:
9388:
8999:
8845:
8618:
8252:
7884:
7653:
7632:
7527:
7506:
7320:
6763:
6748:
6711:
6657:
6637:
6633:
5780:
5771:
5495:
5201:
5155:
4866:
4831:
4500:
2897:
2274:
2124:
1891:
1640:
1553:
1511:
1284:
1162:
1052:
968:
964:
121:
11019:
10869:
10291:
The Living Tradition of Yupʼik Masks: Agayuliyararput (Our Way of Making Prayer)
10021:
Panu Hallamaa (1997), Unangam Tunuu and Sugtestun: a struggle for continued life
9737:
9445:
8299:
Pitka's Point Traditional Council (formerly the Native Village of Pitka's Point)
6414:
5606:
5601:
4940:
It is a single well-defined language (now called Yupʼik or Yupʼik and Cupʼik) a
1814:
11717:
11658:
11550:
11501:
11418:
11403:
11292:
10556:
10064:
International Handbook of Research on Children's Literacy, Learning and Culture
9759:
8872:. U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, special tabulation. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
8781:
8750:
8534:
8126:
8000:
7779:
7695:
7427:
7278:
7236:
7212:
7011:
6940:
6925:
6898:
6723:
6699:
which was formed from the original Russian Orthodox dioceses in North America.
6661:
6653:
6210:, and the Yupʼik have reverted to fermenting fishheads directly in the ground.
6195:
6137:
5941:
5834:
5826:
5642:
5569:
5515:
5499:
5241:
4925:
4835:
4536:
4527:
4496:
3256:
2313:
2236:
2196:
2172:
2156:
2138:
2098:
1995:
1917:
1528:
1248:
1229:
1225:
1166:
1146:
1125:
1025:
933:
401:
369:
331:
295:
280:
248:
174:
141:
10437:(2002). "Inuguat, Iinrut, Uyat-llu: Yupʼik dolls, amulets and human figures".
10396:
Keynote Speaker: Christopher (Chris) J. Kiana, M.B.A., MA-RD, Ph.D., candidate
6913:. Alcohol abuse and dependence are associated with high rates of violence and
6351:
traditional religious practices could be very briefly summarised as a form of
6241:
in Bristol Bay) is the traditional meal of frozen raw beluga whale skin (dark
5865:
5432:
5424:
4578:
This kayak appears to be built in the Nunivak Island style. Collection of the
1843:
means "house" in Iñupiaq. This word is the Iñupiaq cognate of the Yupʼik word
306:
family of languages. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the Yupiit population in the
11711:
11634:
11413:
11360:
11315:
11090:
10315:
9111:
8821:
8744:
8738:
8378:
Iqugmuit Traditional Council (formerly the Native Village of Russian Mission)
8178:
Native Village of Nunam Iqua (formerly the Native Village of Sheldon's Point)
7684:
Kasigluk Traditional Elders Council (formerly the Native Village of Kasigluk)
7464:
7170:
7090:
6890:
6854:
6770:
mission was established on Nelson Island and a year later moved to Akulurak (
6715:
6016:
qulvarvik, qulrarvik, neqivik, enekvak, mayurpik, mayurrvik, ellivik, elliwig
5665:
5519:
5503:
5194:, youth are creating new participatory networks and multimodal competencies.
2164:
2142:
2056:
2004:(Kaialigamiut, Kayaligmiut), inhabiting Nelson Island. The name derives from
1656:
Traditionally, in the winter the Yupʼik lived in semi-permanent subterranean
1387:
1133:
1102:
1064:
1040:
1008:
949:
335:
319:
307:
149:
11576:
10916:
10827:
10632:
8747:(born 1976), an American dancer, writer, and choreographer of Yupʼik descent
5288:(historical narratives). In this classification then, what is identified as
4784:
2231:
1875:, meaning "those who share ancestors (are related)". These groups included:
1003:
lasted from 1732 to 1867. The Russian Empire supported ships traveling from
365:
11686:
11436:
11334:
10934:
10847:
10830:"Fetal alcohol syndrome–Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and New York, 1995–1997"
10627:
9966:
9657:
9130:
9103:
8787:
8775:
8762:
7485:
7448:
6999:
6991:
6625:
6133:
6085:
6063:
5937:
5814:
5511:
5491:
5264:(SWRSD). English and Yupʼik bilingual education are done at these schools:
5197:
4933:
4658:
4492:
3376:
2999:
2749:
2271:
2188:
2105:, the name for the island in the General Central dialect of Yupʼik. In the
2072:
1913:
1902:. Unalirmiut were speakers of the Norton Sound Unaliq subdialect of Yupʼik.
1887:
1848:
1464:
1268:
1252:
929:
264:
256:
232:
161:
113:
11045:"Peter Kaiser Takes First In Iditarod — Marking A Win For Alaskan Natives"
10521:
The Dwellers Between: Yupʼik Shamans and Cultural Change in Western Alaska
10422:
10389:
10090:
9817:. The Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History
9773:
9285:
The Dwellers between: Yupʼik Shamans and Cultural Change in Western Alaska
6774:, the former site of St. Mary's Mission) at the mouth of the Yukon River.
5211:(LYSD). English and Yupʼik bilingual education is done at these schools:
5154:
in instruction in schools. However, in the 1880s, Presbyterian missionary
5133:
11681:
9904:
9862:
8808:
8756:
8710:
7404:
6842:
6819:
6734:
literally "site of many caches") or Mumtreklogamute or Mumtrekhlagamute (
6669:
6022:
Elevated cache or raised log cache, also raised cache or log storehouse (
5660:
5479:
4586:
3584:
2823:
2076:
1959:
1921:
1279:, during his explorations for the Russian-American Company in 1842–1844.
1094:
960:
941:
252:
11586:
11581:
11169:(Our Way of Making Prayer). Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
11160:
Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yupʼik Eskimo Oral Tradition
10470:
Contaminants in subsistence foods from the western Alaska coastal region
10074:
9486:
Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yupʼik Eskimo Oral Tradition
8888:
8713:(born 1968), a kennel owner and operator, motivational speaker, and dog
6998:
in 1918 and 1919 wiped out about 50 percent of the native population of
6323:
6164:(pl) in Yupʼik, means literally "real food". But, the main food for the
4792:
4479:
community, tended to trade with other Iñupiaq communities to the north:
1342:(2001), which focuses on the intersection of Western and Yupʼik values.
11596:
11255:
11206:
The Wake of the Unseen Object: Among the Native Cultures of Bush Alaska
10240:
Stories for Future Generations / Qulirat Qanemcit-llu Kinguvarcimalriit
10062:". In Kathy Hall, Teresa Cremin, Barbara Comber, and Luis Moll (eds.),
10005:
E. Irene Reed, Steven Jacobson, Lawrence Kaplan, and Jeff Leer (1985).
9760:
Customary trade and barter in fish in the Seward Peninsula Area, Alaska
9092:
The Russian Population in Alaska and California, Late 18th Century-1867
8827:
7003:
6878:
6837:
Presently, two major problems for the growing population are water and
6281:
6059:
5898:
5386:) were embedded in many social functions of the society. Storyknifing (
4788:
4564:
4556:
2059:, including the area north of the bay where the modern-day villages of
1598:
1402:
1256:
1090:
1086:
1077:
The first phase of the Russian period (1745 to 1785) affected only the
268:
236:
11629:
11252:
Pete, Mary. (1993). "Coming to Terms". In Barker, 1993, pp. 8–10.
7973:
Asa'carsarmiut Tribe (formerly the Native Village of Mountain Village)
6165:
5767:
is a one-string fiddle or lute played by the Yupʼik of Nelson Island.
4567:
or snowmachine travel is a critical component of winter transport; an
4476:
2214:
1810:
These were taken to the males in the qasgiq by young women and girls.
1629:
509:'Person/People (Human Being)' and Ethnic Self-Name in Yupʼik Dialects
353:
153:
11696:
10011:. Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks 1985.
9297:
9231:
Cultures of Color in America: A Guide to Family, Religion, and Health
8798:; first Alaska Native and the first woman to represent Alaska in the
6782:
6265:
6202:
6198:
5969:
5818:
5802:
5764:
5743:
5645:
newly arrived in the Kuskokwim region, in Bethel in the early 1900s.
5448:
5338:
5293:
4878:
4710:
Perhaps the other side would have a man's smiling face carved on it.
4665:
from the beach, covered with the skin of a sea mammal, and sewn with
4662:
4560:
4142:
2264:
2155:, inhabiting inland regions in the upper drainages of the Kuskowkim,
2080:
1822:
1665:
1585:
1571:
129:
11653:
11127:
Federal Field Committee for Development Planning in Alaska. (1968).
9980:
Creating space and defining roles: elders and adult Yup’ik immersion
8753:(Angayuqaq) (born 1934), a Yupʼik anthropologist, teacher, and actor
6339:) from a sick boy. The enormous wooden hands with shortened thumbs (
6183:
Alaska subsistence communities are noted to obtain up to 97% of the
5797:
4571:
for highway vehicles is used along portions of the Kuskokwim River.
2282:
and trapping patterns are controlled primarily by external factors.
1954:(Ikogmiut), inhabiting the Lower Yukon River. The name derives from
11174:
Hunting Tradition in a Changing World: Yupʼik Lives in Alaska Today
10540:
Hunting Tradition in a Changing World: Yupʼik Lives in Alaska Today
10499:
Botulism in Alaska, a guide for physicians and healthcare providers
9945:
9062:"The Bow and Arrow War Days on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of Alaska"
6972:
6968:
6815:
6360:
6285:
6207:
5996:
5953:
5929:
5549:
5542:
5487:
5471:
5466:
5254:. English and Yupʼik bilingual education is done at these schools:
5187:
5183:
4870:
4812:
4747:
4568:
4540:
2260:
1998:. Askinarmiut is an old name for the village of Hooper Bay. (DCED).
1868:
1029:
from various European parts of the Russian Empire or from Siberia.
1020:
456:
169:
11549:
11139:
The Nelson Island Eskimo: Social Structure and Ritual Distribution
7393:
Curyung Tribal Council (formerly the Native Village of Dillingham)
1108:
During the second phase of the Russian period (1785 to 1825), the
1093:, rather than by the Russians. In 1778, Cook discovered and named
983:
ultimately ended in the 1830s and 1840s with the establishment of
11691:
11645:
11639:
11601:
11373:
11344:
10542:. New Brunswick, New Jersey and London: Rutgers University Press.
10534:
10532:
10530:
8565:
Nunakauyarmiut Tribe (formerly the Native Village of Toksook Bay)
7015:
6894:
6665:
6478:
6466:
6356:
6348:
6246:
6218:
6004:
5980:. The inland settlements rely more heavily on Pacific salmon and
5977:
5949:
5945:
5920:
5830:
5685:
5531:
5191:
4780:
4277:
3873:
1908:, inhabiting the mouth of the Yukon River. The name derives from
1536:
1524:
1082:
1044:
1004:
937:
327:
323:
145:
11284:
10785:
10783:
10151:
9356:
Conferences of Alaska Native Elders: Our View of Dignified Aging
9186:
9184:
9182:
9180:
9178:
9176:
9088:
Russkoe naselenie Aliaski i Kalifornii, konets XVIII veka-1867 g
6718:
denomination in Alaska, and is organized into four provinces in
6079:
4905:. The Yupʼik orthography one sees nowadays was developed at the
11621:
11390:
11368:
10357:
Original 100 Alaska Eskimo Yo-Yo Stratagems: Instructional Book
10343:
Yuraryararput Kangiit-llu: Our Ways of Dance and Their Meanings
9446:
The Akulmiut: territorial dimensions of a Yupʼik Eskimo society
9333:
Harold Napoleon (1996). With commentary edited by Eric Madsen.
9170:. The Alaska Native Foundation, Anchorage, Alaska. 2nd edition.
8804:
8769:
8714:
6838:
6767:
6744:
6649:
6489:(great worm; ingluilnguq creature that is only half a person);
6461:
6328:
6293:
6258:
6230:
6000:
5961:
5933:
5856:
with one hand. It is popular with Alaskans and tourists alike.
5822:
5698:
5694:
5557:
5553:
5523:
5309:
4890:
2256:
2064:
1754:
1741:
1605:("man in his prime; successful hunter and good provider"). The
1580:
1202:
1182:
1085:(Sugpiaq) profoundly. During this period, large sectors of the
228:
73:
38:
37:"Cupit" redirects here. For people with the Cupit surname, see
11591:
11181:
What's in a Name? Becoming a Real Person in a Yupʼik Community
10597:"A History and Introduction of the Orthodox Church in America"
10527:
9776:. Wake Forest University, Museum of Anthropology. 6 March 2014
9735:
John M. Wright, Judith M. Morris and Robert Schroeder (1985),
9476:
9474:
9472:
9470:
9468:
7747:
New Koliganek Village Council (formerly the Koliganek Village)
5280:
stories or tales are often divided into the two categories of
11676:
11571:
11508:
10789:
J. Paul Seale, Sylvia Shellenberger, and John Spence (2006).
10780:
10212:
Orr, E. C., Orr, B., Kanrilak, V., & Charlie, A. (1997).
10176:
9173:
8707:(1936–2021), the first certified traditional doctor in Alaska
6935:
found that in some continental Amerindian tribes the rate of
6685:
5973:
5957:
5849:
5842:
5838:
5447:
Nunivak Cupʼig child wearing bird skin clothing (parka?) and
5367:
5366:
The stories that previous generations of Yupʼik heard in the
5062:
spoken by most or all adults as well as all or most children
4800:
4715:
4666:
4607:
4591:
4544:
4351:
4273:
4068:
2087:, meaning "lower coast", which derives in turn from the root
1836:
1818:
1657:
1078:
157:
11247:
Bashful No Longer: An Alaskan Eskimo Ethnohistory, 1778–1988
10791:"Alcohol problems in Alaska Natives: lessons from the Inuit"
10484:
Subsistence salmon fishing in Nushagak Bay, Southwest Alaska
5370:
and assimilated as part of a life spent hunting, traveling,
4957:
Population of the dialect-based main Yupʼik groups in 1980.
4815:
by hand, using dogs solely for hunting and as pack animals.
4440:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4308:
4299:
4244:
4235:
4213:
4176:
4167:
4158:
4149:
4128:
4119:
4090:
4081:
4054:
4045:
4008:
3999:
3990:
3962:
3953:
3930:
3921:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3863:
3854:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3532:
3523:
3514:
3458:
3449:
3426:
3392:
3383:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3308:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3263:
3218:
3209:
3165:
3156:
3138:
3129:
3112:
3103:
3094:
3077:
3050:
3041:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2953:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2887:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2830:
2813:
2804:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2706:
2697:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2550:
2541:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2472:
2463:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2326:
1309:
Bashful No Longer: An Alaskan Eskimo ethnohistory, 1778–1988
500:
356:
to the north, Aleutized Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq to the south, and
11068:"List of resources with contributor: Uyaquq (Helper Neck)".
10639:
10553:
The journals of Iakov Netsvetov: the Yukon years, 1845–1863
10324:
The Journal for the Anthropological Study of Human Movement
9465:
8665:
Umkumiut Native Village (formerly Umkumiute Native Village)
6676:
among his and other Alaskan Native people. He moved to the
6169:
6145:
6141:
5924:
5622:
5592:(keeper of the game), Yukon River area, late 19th century,
5507:
5475:
5289:
4808:
4064:
2075:
are located and south of the bay where the villages of and
932:(as well as various Paleo-Siberian groups) are believed by
11258:, et al. Yupʼik Eskimo Grammar. Alaska: U of Alaska, 1977.
11042:
10812:
article by Mary Clare Jalonick Washington, D.C. (AP) 9-08
10652:
9967:
Alaska Native Languages: Population and Speaker Statistics
9729:
9278:
9084:
Baranov: Chief Manager of the Russian Colonies in America.
8717:, descended from the Yupʼik Eskimos and Athabaskan Indians
7309:
Native Village of Chuathbaluk (Russian Mission, Kuskokwim)
7014:. The Alaska Natives had no resistance to either of these
6624:
Yupi'k in western and southwestern Alaska have had a long
6616:(underground dweller that knocks on the earth's surface).
6557:(caterpillar-like creature that leaves a scorched trail);
2055:, inhabiting the lower Bering Sea coast on either side of
1527:
is based on what is formally classified in academia as an
1071:, which was used by other major people of Alaska Natives.
811:
The following are names given to them by their neighbors.
11122:
Our Story: Readings from Southwest Alaska – An Anthology.
10110:
10036:. Alaska Native Language Center Research Papers Number 4.
10001:
9999:
9978:
Oscar Alexie, Sophie Alexie, and Patrick Marlow (2009), "
9793:
9791:
9724:
Wildlife Action Plan Section IIIB: Alaska's 32 Ecoregions
9276:
9274:
9272:
9270:
9268:
9266:
9264:
9262:
9260:
9258:
6964:
6597:
5907:
5527:
5483:
5177:, the school (blue), lake, and condemned old school (red)
5169:
1944:
is used in many words where other speakers of Yupʼik use
1729:, food preparation, and other important survival skills.
1405:
because it governed all aspects of a human being's life.
967:—around 1400 C.E., eventually reaching as far upriver as
11235:, 2nd edition. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
10862:"Health problems in American Indian/Alaska Native women"
10795:
American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research
10585:
Religions and Missionaries around the Pacific, 1500–1900
8698:
6533:(being with human female face who helps people at sea);
6509:(creature that will suck the blood from one's big toe);
5742:(lit. "real dance"). The dancing of their ancestors was
1664:), while women and children lived in smaller, different
9371:, Delena Norris-Tull, and Roger A. Norris-Tull (1998),
9242:
9240:
8992:
Central Yupʼik and the Schools: A Handbook for Teachers
8916:"The Map of Indigenous Peoples and Languages of Alaska"
6979:(January 1918 – December 1920) was an unusually deadly
2149:, meaning "those downriver"; hence, "downriver people".
1578:) for women and girls, one (or more in large villages)
1181:(1912–1959) before it was admitted to the Union as the
9996:
9799:
DigIt (Journal of the Flinders Archaeological Society)
9788:
9362:
9298:
Zagoskin, Lavrenty A.; Henry N. Michael, eds. (1967).
9255:
6652:(Unangan) living in contact with Russian fur traders (
2209:, meaning "ridgepole" or "center beam of a structure".
1758:(is pronounced as "kaz-geek" and often referred to as
1628:(whaling captain) of northern and northwestern Alaska
1305:
Eskimos of the Nushagak River: An Ethnographic History
1295:(1947) as a broad study of Alaskan Indigenous people.
1244:) express crucial parts of Alaska's earliest history.
199:
Central Alaskan Yupʼik, Central Yupʼik, Alaskan Yupʼik
11167:
The Living Tradition of Yupʼik Masks: Agayuliyararput
10828:
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (2003).
9339:. Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Knowledge Network.
8985:
8983:
8981:
8979:
6505:(sea creature with human features seen on pack ice);
6347:
Historically and traditionally, Yupʼik and other all
5705:) embrace six fundamental key entities identified as
4449:
4431:
4335:
4326:
4317:
4290:
4253:
4204:
4185:
4110:
4099:
4026:
4017:
3845:
3836:
3821:
3812:
3768:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3732:
3719:
3710:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3631:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3595:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3505:
3496:
3467:
3401:
3326:
3317:
3242:
3233:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3147:
3068:
3059:
3024:
3015:
3006:
2989:
2913:
2904:
2866:
2672:
2627:
2618:
2582:
2573:
2532:
2428:
2334:
1990:, inhabiting the area of the present-day villages of
910:
904:
334:
of St. Lawrence Island and Russian Far East, and the
11733:
Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic
10346:. University of Alaska Fairbanks. Fairbanks, Alaska.
9439:
9437:
9435:
9433:
9431:
9429:
9237:
9082:
Benjamin F. Gilbert (June 1975). "K. T. Khlebnikov.
8824:, public speaker and reality television personality.
6793:
5186:
and began to form a "Yupʼik Worldwide Web". Through
1267:
added breadth to the primary source base. The first
843:
837:
10917:
The Great Pandemic: The United States in 1918–1919
10807:"Study: 12 percent of Indian deaths due to alcohol"
10465:
10463:
9714:, World Friendship Publishing, Bethel, Alaska, 2006
9427:
9425:
9423:
9421:
9419:
9417:
9415:
9413:
9411:
9409:
9249:
Socioeconomic Review of Alaska's Bristol Bay Region
9158:
9081:
7034:for the Yupʼik are recognized by the United States
6517:(creature that sinks into the ground as it walks);
4742:in Cupʼig) is larger broad open skin-covered boat.
2083:are located (Goodnews Bay?). The name derives from
1340:
A Yupiaq Worldview: a Pathway to Ecology and Spirit
1145:defined the boundaries between Russian America and
801:
794:
787:
776:
770:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
715:
705:
698:
691:
684:
677:
670:
662:
652:
645:
638:
631:
625:
619:
612:
605:
597:
587:
580:
573:
566:
560:
554:
547:
540:
494:
485:
471:
465:
459:
450:
444:
438:
432:
431:is now used as a common term (though not replacing
426:
417:
411:
405:
395:
385:
11263:
11261:
11131:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
11124:Anchorage, AK: Alaska Natural History Association.
11087:"Yupʼik ties give Palins unique Alaska connection"
10999:
10272:
10034:Alaska Native Languages: Past, Present, and Future
9695:
9607:
9605:
9603:
9601:
9599:
9597:
9595:
9593:
9591:
9589:
9579:
9577:
9575:
9573:
9571:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9563:
9561:
9460:Transcultural nursing: assessment and intervention
9349:
9347:
9345:
8976:
8815:
5560:(skin boot) which is derived from the Yupʼik word
2049:meaning "midsection", "area between", or "tundra".
1601:was practiced by or in the men who held the title
991:and split up into smaller huts during the summer.
11141:. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Pacific University Press.
10919:, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.
10616:Moravian Mission Station, Bethel on the Kuskokwim
10336:
10334:
10332:
9960:
9507:
9505:
9329:
9327:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9209:Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State
8778:(born 1951), the former Police Chief of Anchorage
6604:(little people, said to be spirits of the dead);
5588:Yupʼik painted wood mask depicting the face of a
5568:. Before the arrival of the Russian fur traders (
2123:(Kuskowagamiut), inhabiting the Lower and middle
1940:) denoting their use of this subdialect in which
11709:
11231:Naske, Claus-M. and Herman E. Slotnick. (1987).
11146:Eskimo Essays: Yupʼik Lives and Howe We See Them
10660:Eskimo Essays: Yupʼik Lives and Howe We See Them
10460:
10245:
9704:
9406:
9291:
8969:
8967:
6541:(mammoth-like creature that lives underground);
6172:of whale and caribou (both food and meat called
4551:and larger broad open skin-covered boats called
2167:river drainages. The word derives probably from
1275:was recorded by the Russian explorer Lieutenant
854:
294:The Yupiit are the most numerous of the various
11081:
11079:
10621:
9686:
9586:
9558:
9551:
9549:
9342:
6785:Yupʼiks give gifts commemorating the departed.
6359:. Aboriginally and in early historic times the
2020:, there are three villages. Those villages are
1958:, meaning "big river", the Yupʼik name for the
1912:, the name of an abandoned village of southern
1851:, beaver house"), which it resembled in shape.
1193:in the years following the purchase of Alaska.
1169:on March 30, 1867. Originally organized as the
944:and linguistics suggests that the ancestors of
11176:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
11148:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
11117:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
10736:The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
10662:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
10329:
9883:National Museum of the American Indian :
9547:
9545:
9543:
9541:
9539:
9537:
9535:
9533:
9531:
9529:
9502:
9480:
9389:"Guidelines for Respecting Cultural Knowledge"
9318:
9005:
7931:Native Village of Marshall (aka Fortuna Ledge)
6459:Legendary animals, monsters, and half-humans:
6343:) worn by the shaman. Nushagak Bay, ca. 1890s.
5669:Nunivak Cupʼig man playing a very large drum (
5300:, and a personal or historical narrative is a
4673:Kayak stanchions or kayak cockpit stanchions (
1506:Askinarmiut boy poses wearing a circular cap (
1330:, presents an interesting premise in his book
1019:). Approximately half of the fur traders were
11535:
11300:
10405:
10359:. Publication Consultants. ASIN: B007SNYM38.
10296:
10293:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press
10251:Joan Parker Webster and Evelyn Yanez (2007),
9679:
9677:
9675:
9673:
9077:
9075:
8964:
6766:. The members are called Jesuits. In 1888, a
5393:yaaruin, saaruin, ateknguin, quliranguarrsuun
2255:tundra ecosystem. The land is generally flat
1156:
893:
887:
876:
865:
825:
819:
390:was used in the northern area (Norton Sound,
330:(Pacific Yupik) of south-central Alaska, the
30:"Cup'ik" redirects here. For other uses, see
11242:. Scranton, PA: Chandler Publishing Company.
11076:
10958:"The Great Pandemic of 1918: State by State"
10309:
9812:"Characteristics of the NMNH Kayak E419041A"
9643:
9641:
9639:
9637:
9488:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
9192:Navarin Basin sociocultural systems analysis
8950:
8948:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8940:
8938:
8936:
6584:Legendary humanoids: alirpak little person;
6363:, called as medicine man or medicine woman (
5817:or Alaska yo-yo is a traditional two-balled
1624:was not, however, comparable to that of the
1232:. Each society or village had storytellers (
11249:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
11162:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
11155:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
11043:Amanda Morris; Melissa Block (2019-03-16).
10981:
10979:
10714:
10649:. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
10452:Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture VII
10197:Elizabeth A. Hartley and Pam Johnson (1995)
9635:
9633:
9631:
9629:
9627:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9619:
9617:
9526:
9452:
8357:Native Village of Kwinhagak (aka Quinhagak)
6983:, the first of the two pandemics involving
6688:texts into Yupʼik and kept daily journals.
6083:Alaskan economical salmonoid fish species (
5403:in Cupʼig). Story knives are made of wood (
5248:bilingual education is done at this school.
4834:of the Yupʼik culture centrally located in
2109:(that is, in Cupʼig), the island's name is
291:dialect-speaking people of Nunivak Island.
11542:
11528:
11307:
11293:
11120:Branson, John and Tim Troll, eds. (2006).
10930:"Flu Epidemic Hit Utah Hard in 1918, 1919"
10897:"Historical Estimates of World Population"
10512:
10349:
9670:
9124:
9072:
8741:, a Democratic member of the Alaska Senate
5621:in Cupʼig) are expressive shamanic ritual
4909:in the 1960s by native speakers of Yupʼik
4849:
1089:coast were mapped by the English explorer
928:The common ancestors of the Yupik and the
11262:Salisbury, Gay; Salisbury, Laney (2003).
10866:National Women's Health & Information
9650:
8933:
6963:, literally "big cough") referred to the
5872:yugaq, irniaruaq, sugaq, sugaruaq, suguaq
5625:. One of their most popular forms of the
5522:made from other animal products, such as
5514:, and bird bones such as front part of a
5296:in the Western (European) tradition is a
5045:1992 population / speakers & percent
5042:1980 population / speakers & percent
2243:) is the regional hub of Yupʼik homeland.
1828:In primary villages, all ceremonies (and
1173:(1867–1884), the area was renamed as the
10976:
10750:American Journal of Community Psychology
10717:American Journal of Community Psychology
10518:Ahnie Marie Al'aq David Litecky (2011).
10378:
9738:Bristol Bay Regional Subsistence Profile
9614:
9519:
9517:
9282:Ahnie Marie Al'aq David Litecky (2011),
8796:Alaska's at-large congressional district
6701:
6447:
6322:
6217:
6078:
6009:
6003:(Eskimo ice cream), tepa (stink heads),
5906:
5796:
5750:
5664:
5583:
5442:
5407:is a wooden story knife) ivory or bone (
5168:
5132:
4920:
4600:University of Alaska Museum of the North
4585:
4573:
4559:transportation is on foot in summer and
4526:
2324:) annual hunting-gathering cycle (1985)
2230:
2097:(Nuniwarmiut, Nuniwagamiut), inhabiting
1731:
1639:
1497:
1289:The Social Culture of the Nunivak Eskimo
168:
11186:Jacobson, Steven A., compiler. (1984).
10683:Matthew Berman and Teresa Hull (2001).
10428:
10058:Perry Gilmore and Leisy Wyman (2013), "
9377:Journal of Research in Science Teaching
8859:
8794:politician and U.S. Representative for
8336:Portage Creek Village (aka Ohgsenakale)
7025:
6156:(pl) in Yupʼik. Also for salmon called
5837:, and Yupʼik. It resembles fur-covered
5673:) in 1927 photograph by Edward S Curtis
5160:United States Commissioner of Education
2137:, inhabiting the Lower Kuskokwim below
1924:. The village name comes from the root
994:
14:
11710:
8880:
8878:
6592:(ancestor identified with the raven);
6497:(creature, half animal and half man);
6413:Yupʼik shamans directed the making of
6192:stink-heads, stink heads, stinky heads
5635:National Museum of the American Indian
1644:Qasgiq entry in the Yupʼik village of
470:), meaning 'real' or 'genuine'; thus,
11523:
11288:
10835:Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
9726:by Alaska Department of Fish and Game
9514:
8772:of Yupʼik descent to win the Iditarod
8699:Notable Central Alaskan Yupʼik people
6644:The first Native Americans to become
6588:(little people having conical hats);
6573:(sea monster said to devour whales);
4897:. Yupʼik does not have a category of
4774:in Yukon and Unaliq-Pastuliq Yupʼik,
2195:, the Yupʼik name for the village of
493:The use of an apostrophe in the name
394:, some Nelson Island) while the form
352:The neighbours of the Yupʼik are the
10259:Journal of American Indian Education
10049:. Edited by Delena Norris-Tull. 1999
9991:Journal of American Indian Education
9926:Yup’ik and Cup’ik Cultures of Alaska
9336:Yuuyaraq: The Way of the Human Being
9059:
6569:(giant in Kuskokwim-area folklore);
6341:inglukellriik unatnquak ayautaunatek
5923:is based on traditional subsistence
5684:in Yupʼik) is a traditional form of
5455:), photograph by Edward Curtis, 1930
4719:or open skin boat, large skin boat (
2226:
1332:Yuuyaraq: The Way of the Human Being
1271:information about the Yupʼik of the
1001:Russian colonization of the Americas
65:Regions with significant populations
11233:Alaska: A History of the 49th State
11208:. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
11071:UAF: Alaska Native Language Archive
10704:. Alcoholic Beverage Control Board.
10538:Fienup-Riordan, Ann et al. (2000).
10270:
9866:“central deck stiffener of a kayak”
9288:. Thesis. The University of Montana
9050:Naske and Slotnick, 1987, pp. 9–10.
8875:
7047:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
7043:Alaska Native Regional Corporations
6861:
6668:, and his mother was an Aleut from
6525:(being with a dragging appendage);
6521:(creature that moves underground);
6237:in Yukon, Unaliq-Pastuliq, Chevak,
1980:, meaning "marshy, muddy lowland".
1214:Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act
349:has been in force since the 1970s.
24:
10417:. University of Alaska Fairbanks.
10214:Ellangellemni: When I became aware
10173:"Southwest Region School District"
8865:U.S. Census Bureau. (2004-06-30).
8381:Russian Mission Native Corporation
7249:Kongnigkilnomuit Yuita Corporation
6493:(being with half a woman's face);
6245:) with attached subcutaneous fat (
5648:
4928:, a Yup'ik singer and dancer from
4828:Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center
4448:
4439:
4430:
4396:
4387:
4378:
4369:
4334:
4325:
4316:
4307:
4298:
4289:
4252:
4243:
4234:
4212:
4203:
4184:
4175:
4166:
4157:
4148:
4127:
4118:
4109:
4098:
4089:
4080:
4053:
4044:
4025:
4016:
4007:
3998:
3989:
3961:
3952:
3929:
3920:
3897:
3888:
3879:
3862:
3853:
3844:
3835:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3731:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3603:
3594:
3573:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3425:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3262:
3241:
3232:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3190:
3181:
3164:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3128:
3111:
3102:
3093:
3076:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3023:
3014:
3005:
2988:
2979:
2970:
2961:
2952:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2886:
2865:
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2812:
2803:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2705:
2696:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2549:
2540:
2531:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2462:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2333:
2325:
1854:
1835:The Yupʼik Eskimo did not live in
1535:in the Yupʼik societies exhibit a
1143:Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1825
1136:. A third influence was the early
251:) and along the northern coast of
235:southwards along the coast of the
25:
18:Central Alaskan Yup'ik people
11744:
11314:
10279:. University of Washington Press.
10275:Artists of the Tundra and the Sea
10087:"Lower Kuskokwim School District"
9903:Alaska Native Collections :
9861:Alaska Native Collections :
9400:Alaska Native Collections :
9011:
8278:Pilot Station Traditional Village
7537:Chinik Eskimo Community (Golovin)
6794:Food, clean water, and sanitation
6656:) in the mid 18th century. Saint
6465:(sea monster said to resemble an
6176:in Iñupiaq, also for meat called
5786:
5224:Tuntutuliak, Tununak, Pre-School.
4779:Athabaskan groups, including the
4522:
1219:
1097:and then sailed northward around
1047:(Sugpiaqs) in 1784, known as the
11343:
11228:6(3). Alaska Geographic Society.
11061:
11036:
11005:
10992:
10950:
10922:
10910:
10889:
10876:
10854:
10821:
10800:
10767:
9969:. Alaska Native Language Center.
9894:. Kuskwogmiut Yupʼik (Kuskokwim)
9041:Naske and Slotnick, 1987, p. 18.
8961:. Alaska Native Language Center.
8281:Pilot Station Native Corporation
7543:Cook Inlet Region, Incorporated
6089:) are main food for the Yupʼik:
5801:Nunivak Cupʼig children playing
5262:Southwest Region School District
2239:on the Kuskokwim River. Bethel (
1916:near the present-day village of
1894:and the south shore villages of
1744:model) with walrus ivory dolls.
1477:is derived from the Yupʼik word
1384:traditional ecological knowledge
936:to have their origin in eastern
11183:. University of Nebraska Press.
11107:
10755:
10741:
10727:
10708:
10694:
10677:
10665:
10633:Geographic Dictionary of Alaska
10609:
10589:
10577:
10545:
10490:
10475:
10444:
10283:
10264:
10232:
10219:
10206:
10190:
10165:
10140:
10115:
10104:
10079:
10068:
10052:
10039:
10026:
10014:
9972:
9938:
9919:
9897:
9877:
9855:
9839:. Echospace.org. Archived from
9829:
9804:
9766:
9751:
9717:
9394:
9382:
9306:
9222:
9197:
9118:
9060:Funk, Caroline (October 2010).
9053:
9044:
8816:Non-enrolled lineal descendants
8735:, Lieutenant Governor of Alaska
8655:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
8550:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
8423:Native Village of Saint Michael
8342:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
8302:Pitkas Point Native Corporation
8121:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
8016:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7916:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7858:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7753:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7669:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7648:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7480:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7459:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7443:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7399:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7357:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
7148:Bristol Bay Native Corporation
6937:fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
6619:
6529:(person who lives in the sea);
5556:(parka cover or overshirt) and
5240:(KSD) is within the village of
5219:Lower Kuskokwim School District
4861:Central Alaskan Yupʼik language
1760:kashigi, kasgee, kashim, kazhim
1510:) and fur parka, photograph by
537:Norton Sound (Unaliq-Pastuliq)
300:Central Alaskan Yupʼik language
11196:University of Alaska Fairbanks
11000:Salisbury & Salisbury 2003
9302:. University of Toronto Press.
9096:The American Historical Review
9035:
8908:
8897:
8892:University of Alaska Fairbanks
8507:Stebbins Community Association
8426:St. Michael Native Corporation
8241:Oscarville Traditional Village
7831:Native Village of Kwigillingok
7558:Native Village of Goodnews Bay
7246:Village of Bill Moore's Slough
7162:Nerklikmute Native Corporation
6946:
6319:Shamanism among Eskimo peoples
5777:Uksuum Cauyai: Drums of Winter
5526:. The semilunar woman's knife
4907:University of Alaska Fairbanks
4865:The Yupʼik speak four or five
4840:University of Alaska Fairbanks
2247:The homeland of Yupʼik is the
2187:(Togiagamiut), inhabiting the
1149:claims and possessions in the
384:Originally, the singular form
13:
1:
11270:. W.W. Norton & Company.
11192:Alaska Native Language Center
11179:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (2001).
11172:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (2000).
11165:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1996).
11158:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1994).
11151:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1991).
11144:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1990).
11129:Alaska Natives & The Land
10775:Journal of Studies on Alcohol
10658:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1990).
10645:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1991).
10402:(accessed: December 01 2016).
10340:Theresa Arevgaq John (2010).
10289:Fienup-Riordan, Ann. (1996).
10123:"Kashunamiut School District"
9443:Elisabeth F. Andrews (1989),
8885:Alaska Native Language Center
8853:
8800:U.S. House of Representatives
8733:Valerie Nurr'araaluk Davidson
8652:Twin Hills Native Corporation
8607:Native Village of Tuntutuliak
8544:Traditional Village of Togiak
8492:Alaska Peninsula Corporation
8444:Native Village of Scammon Bay
8244:Oscarville Native Corporation
8199:Native Village of Nunapitchuk
8100:Alaska Peninsula Corporation
7810:Organized Village of Kwethluk
7732:Alaska Peninsula Corporation
6664:(his father was Russian from
6300:(request certain items), and
6275:
5356:qanemci, qalamciq, qalangssak
5271:
4916:Alaska Native Language Center
4657:. The Yupʼik used kayaks for
2012:, which derives in turn from
1976:, which in turn derives from
1746:Ethnological Museum of Berlin
1591:
1191:exploit the natural resources
1122:Russo-American Treaty of 1824
455:, meaning 'person', plus the
11551:Indigenous peoples of Alaska
10439:American Indian Art Magazine
10326:, Vol. 9, No. 3. pp. 131–149
9511:Fienup-Riordan, 1993, p. 29.
8973:Fienup-Riordan, 1993, p. 10.
8954:Jacobson, Steven A. (2012).
8631:Tununrmiut Rinit Corporation
8568:Nunakauiak Yupik Corporation
8513:Bering Straits Native Corp.
8429:Bering Straits Native Corp.
8405:St. Marys Native Corporation
8320:Platinum Traditional Village
7771:Qemirtalek Coast Corporation
7768:Native Village of Kongiganak
7621:Native Village of Hooper Bay
7501:Bering Straits Native Corp.
7223:Orutsararmuit Native Village
7064:Native Regional Corporation
6915:a variety of health problems
6885:may prohibit it altogether.
6868:Alcohol and Native Americans
6612:" or extraordinary person);
6312:
6187:through a subsistence diet.
5821:played and performed by the
5793:World Eskimo Indian Olympics
5124:
2280:Commercial fishing in Alaska
2191:area. The word derives from
1920:at one of the mouths of the
1635:
1560:
1293:Alaskan Eskimo Ceremonialism
7:
11723:Alaska Native ethnic groups
11245:Oswalt, Wendell H. (1990).
11238:Oswalt, Wendell H. (1967).
10618:. Alaska's Digital Archive.
10524:. The University of Montana
10411:Klistoff, Alysa J. (2007),
10320:"Yupʼik Dance: Old and New"
10304:The Milotte Mask Collection
10075:Lower Yukon School District
9190:Ann Fienup-Riordan (1982),
8989:Steven A. Jacobson (1984).
8838:
8510:Stebbins Native Corporation
8157:Native Village of Nightmute
8097:Newhalen Native Corporation
8073:Native Village of Napaskiak
8031:Native Village of Napaimute
7729:Kokhanok Native Corporation
7330:Chuloonawick Native Village
7142:Native Village of Aleknagik
6501:(big hand from the ocean);
6335:) exorcising evil spirits (
6307:
5451:-like beaded circular cap (
5438:
5238:Kashunamiut School District
5209:Lower Yukon School District
5175:Kashunamiut School District
4854:
4531:Nunivak kayaks, August 1936
2016:, meaning "dipnet". In the
1930:to become set in a position
1345:
449:comes from the Yupʼik word
318:. They are one of the four
279:dialect-speaking people of
27:Indigenous people of Alaska
10:
11749:
11728:Native Americans in Alaska
11220:Morgan, Lael, ed. (1979).
10355:Kiana, Chris (2004/2016).
9228:Sybil M. Lassiter (1998),
9205:"Purchase of Alaska, 1867"
8894:. Retrieved on 2014-04-04.
8759:, a Yugtun language expert
8052:Native Village of Napakiak
7952:Native Village of Mekoryuk
7666:Iliamna Native Corporation
7645:Igiugig Native Corporation
7579:Native Village of Hamilton
7540:Golovin Native Corporation
7061:Native Village Corporation
6933:Center for Disease Control
6865:
6697:Orthodox Church in America
6658:Jacob (or Iakov) Netsvetov
6513:(rock-throwing creature);
6316:
6213:
5896:
5890:
5886:
5863:
5790:
5658:
5652:
5599:
5546:Rangifer tarandus tarandus
5458:
5284:(traditional legends) and
4858:
4818:
4491:. The Yupʼik communities (
2304:Coastal Togiak subregion (
2289:(man) comes from the root
2221:
2113:and the people are called
1565:The Yupʼik created larger
1518:
1493:
1240:and historical narratives
1157:United States colonization
923:
918:
901:Upper Kuskokwim Athabaskan
36:
29:
11669:
11620:
11562:
11496:
11474:
11453:
11435:
11389:
11359:
11352:
11341:
11322:
11113:Barker, James H. (1993).
10886:. Arcticcircle.uconn.edu.
10302:Lynn Ager Wallen (1999),
10225:Anna W. Jacobson (1998),
9948:. Bethelculturecenter.com
9167:Alaska Native Land Claims
8957:Yupʼik Eskimo Dictionary,
8889:"Central Alaskan Yupʼik."
8832:First Gentleman of Alaska
8628:Native Village of Tununak
8586:Tuluksak Native Community
8257:Native Village of Paimiut
7913:Manokotak Natives Limited
7750:Koliganek Natives Limited
7582:Nunapiglluraq Corporation
7228:Bethel Native Corporation
7145:Aleknagik Natives Limited
7079:Akiachak Native Community
6911:continental United States
6788:
6565:(caribou-like creature);
6252:
5940:), many species of fish (
5233:Akiachak, Akiak, Tuluksak
5108:
5094:
5080:
5066:
5052:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5017:
5003:
4989:
4975:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4961:
3986:other furbearers trapping
2107:Nunivak dialect of Yupʼik
1817:making, tool making, and
1408:
1394:, and spiritual balance.
1299:(1925–2001), an American
1110:Shelikhov-Golikov Company
1013:Shelikhov-Golikov Company
379:
326:, closely related to the
271:. They are also known as
140:
135:
112:
107:
88:
83:
69:
64:
60:34,000 (2010 U.S. Census)
59:
54:
11188:Yupʼik Eskimo Dictionary
10818:accessed October 7, 2009
10815:News From Indian Country
10702:"Dry / Damp Communities"
10148:"Kuspuk School District"
9701:Oswalt, 1990, pp. 13–14.
9656:NPT, Inc. (2004-08-24).
9369:Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley
9164:Robert D. rnold (1978),
8610:Tuntutuliak Land Limited
7873:Village of Lower Kalskag
7855:Levelock Natives Limited
7792:Kotlik Yupik Corporation
7705:Native Village of Kipnuk
7372:Village of Crooked Creek
7333:Chuloonawick Corporation
7036:Bureau of Indian Affairs
6826:(hypercholesterolemia),
6477:(monster identified as "
6292:(Festival of the Dead),
5809:in Cupʼig), 1940 or 1941
5539:Rangifer tarandus granti
4462:
2145:. The word derives from
2127:. The name derives from
2101:. The name derives from
2045:. The name derives from
1336:Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley
1265:Russian-American Company
1114:Russian-American Company
1017:Russian-American Company
596:General Central Yupʼik (
50:(Central Alaskan Yupʼik)
10045:Our Language Our Souls:
10032:Michael Krauss (1980),
9908:“old-style dog harness”
8721:Callan Chythlook-Sifsof
8400:Algaaciq Native Village
8339:Ohgsenskale Corporation
7498:Elim Native Corporation
7351:Village of Clarks Point
7018:. Native tribes had no
6931:A 1995-97 study by the
6926:Northern Plains Indians
6695:, a part of the larger
6261:or "Eskimo ice cream".
6123:Pink or Humpback salmon
6074:
5859:
5639:Smithsonian Institution
5579:
5502:), sewn together using
5382:) of the storytellers (
5164:Bilingual Education Act
5152:Alaska Native languages
4976:General Central Yupʼik
4850:Language and literature
4580:Arktikum Science Museum
2278:resources is domestic.
2275:hunter-fisher-gatherers
2022:Toksook bay, Nightmute,
1766:in the old literature;
1301:cultural anthropologist
1043:against the indigenous
911:
905:
894:
888:
877:
855:
844:
838:
826:
820:
802:
795:
788:
777:
771:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
716:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
663:
653:
646:
639:
632:
626:
620:
613:
606:
598:
588:
581:
574:
567:
561:
555:
548:
541:
501:
499:, compared to Siberian
495:
486:
472:
466:
460:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
418:
412:
406:
396:
386:
32:Cup'ik (disambiguation)
11222:Alaska's Native People
11073:. Accessed 6 Feb 2014.
10111:Yupiit School District
9801:2(1): 28–33, June 2014
9710:Terryl Miller (2006),
9353:Graves, Kathy (2004).
9146:Cite journal requires
9131:10.1037/e401522005-069
8705:Rita Pitka Blumenstein
8547:Togiak Natives Limited
8523:Village of Stony River
7889:McGrath Native Village
7495:Native Village of Elim
7453:Native Village of Ekuk
7100:Akiak Native Community
7058:Native tribal entities
7008:1925 serum run to Nome
6897:are more common among
6849:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik,
6812:cardiovascular disease
6760:religious congregation
6707:
6628:history, in part from
6456:
6401:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik,
6344:
6227:
6130:
6107:Chinook or King salmon
6019:
5916:
5810:
5729:(dance location). The
5674:
5597:
5456:
5435:are the most popular.
5414:
5360:qanengssi, univkangssi
5358:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik,
5325:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik,
5252:Kuspuk School District
5229:Yupiit School District
5178:
5146:
4937:
4770:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik,
4738:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik,
4705:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik,
4655:Eskimo–Aleut languages
4630:in Yupʼik and Cupʼik,
4602:
4583:
4582:in Rovaniemi, Finland.
4532:
4453:
4444:
4435:
4411:Basket grass gathering
4401:
4392:
4383:
4374:
4339:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4294:
4257:
4248:
4239:
4217:
4208:
4189:
4180:
4171:
4162:
4153:
4132:
4123:
4114:
4103:
4094:
4085:
4058:
4049:
4030:
4021:
4012:
4003:
3994:
3966:
3957:
3934:
3925:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3867:
3858:
3849:
3840:
3825:
3816:
3807:
3798:
3789:
3772:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3723:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3687:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3635:
3626:
3617:
3608:
3599:
3578:
3569:
3560:
3551:
3536:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3500:
3471:
3462:
3453:
3430:
3405:
3396:
3387:
3366:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3303:
3294:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3246:
3237:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3195:
3186:
3169:
3160:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3116:
3107:
3098:
3081:
3072:
3063:
3054:
3045:
3028:
3019:
3010:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2957:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2891:
2870:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2834:
2817:
2808:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2710:
2701:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2338:
2330:
2244:
2008:, the Yupʼik name for
1972:, the Yupʼik name for
1749:
1653:
1584:for men and boys, and
1557:aggregating annually.
1515:
1287:(1906–2006) published
866:
231:ranging from southern
178:
48:Yupʼik, Cupʼig, Cupʼik
11204:Kizzia, Tom. (1991).
10672:Overview and Findings
10583:Tanya Storch (2006),
10271:Ray, Dorothy (1961).
8689:Kuskokwim Corporation
8526:Kuskokwim Corporation
8468:Kuskokwim Corporation
8181:Swan Lake Corporation
8034:Kuskokwim Corporation
8013:Paug-Vik Inc. Limited
8010:Naknek Native Village
7876:Kuskokwim Corporation
7477:Ekwok Natives Limited
7415:Native Village of Eek
7375:Kuskokwim Corporation
7312:Kuskokwim Corporation
7288:Chevak Native Village
7201:Village of Atmautluak
7183:Kuskokwim Corporation
7103:Kokarmiut Corporation
6804:eicosapentaenoic acid
6705:
6451:
6326:
6221:
6115:Coho or Silver salmon
6091:Sockeye or Red salmon
6082:
6013:
5910:
5800:
5751:Yupik Dance Festivals
5668:
5587:
5490:and land mammals for
5446:
5172:
5139:Crooked Creek, Alaska
5136:
4924:
4589:
4577:
4530:
4452:
4443:
4434:
4400:
4391:
4382:
4373:
4338:
4329:
4320:
4311:
4302:
4293:
4256:
4247:
4238:
4216:
4207:
4188:
4179:
4170:
4161:
4152:
4131:
4122:
4113:
4102:
4093:
4084:
4057:
4048:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4002:
3993:
3965:
3956:
3933:
3924:
3901:
3892:
3883:
3866:
3857:
3848:
3839:
3824:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3771:
3762:
3753:
3744:
3735:
3722:
3713:
3704:
3695:
3686:
3669:
3660:
3651:
3634:
3625:
3616:
3607:
3598:
3577:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3470:
3461:
3452:
3429:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3365:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3311:
3302:
3293:
3284:
3275:
3266:
3245:
3236:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3194:
3185:
3168:
3159:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3080:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3044:
3027:
3018:
3009:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2898:other freshwater fish
2890:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2816:
2807:
2786:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2709:
2700:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2648:
2639:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2576:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2475:
2466:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2337:
2329:
2298:Alaska salmon fishery
2234:
1735:
1684:The women's house or
1643:
1533:Kinship terminologies
1501:
1450:teggneret ~ teggenret
1444:teggnerek ~ teggenrek
1392:indigenous psychology
1380:traditional knowledge
1273:Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta
851:Holikachuk Athabaskan
338:of Russian Far East.
298:groups and speak the
243:(including living on
241:Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta
172:
136:Related ethnic groups
11212:MacLean, Edna Ahgeak
9692:Oswalt, 1990, p. 12.
9104:10.1086/ahr/80.3.613
8768:Peter Kaiser, first
8692:Calista Corporation
8671:Calista Corporation
8634:Calista Corporation
8613:Calista Corporation
8592:Calista Corporation
8571:Calista Corporation
8529:Calista Corporation
8486:South Naknek Village
8471:Calista Corporation
8465:Village of Sleetmute
8450:Calista Corporation
8408:Calista Corporation
8384:Calista Corporation
8363:Calista Corporation
8326:Calista Corporation
8305:Calista Corporation
8284:Calista Corporation
8263:Calista Corporation
8247:Calista Corporation
8226:Calista Corporation
8220:Village of Ohogamiut
8205:Calista Corporation
8184:Calista Corporation
8163:Calista Corporation
8142:Calista Corporation
8115:New Stuyahok Village
8079:Calista Corporation
8058:Calista Corporation
8055:Napakiak Corporation
8037:Calista Corporation
7995:Calista Corporation
7979:Calista Corporation
7958:Calista Corporation
7937:Calista Corporation
7879:Calista Corporation
7837:Calista Corporation
7816:Calista Corporation
7795:Calista Corporation
7774:Calista Corporation
7711:Calista Corporation
7690:Calista Corporation
7627:Calista Corporation
7624:Sea Lion Corporation
7585:Calista Corporation
7564:Calista Corporation
7522:Calista Corporation
7440:Becharof Corporation
7422:Calista Corporation
7378:Calista Corporation
7336:Calista Corporation
7315:Calista Corporation
7294:Calista Corporation
7273:Calista Corporation
7267:Village of Chefornak
7252:Calista Corporation
7231:Calista Corporation
7207:Calista Corporation
7186:Calista Corporation
7165:Calista Corporation
7159:Yupiit of Andreafski
7127:Calista Corporation
7124:Alakanuk Corporation
7106:Calista Corporation
7085:Calista Corporation
7026:Modern tribal unions
6985:H1N1 influenza virus
6903:Unintentional injury
6830:(hypertension), and
6808:docosahexaenoic acid
6758:is a Christian male
6660:, a Russian-Alaskan
6288:(Bladder Festival),
6148:(and salmon) called
5982:freshwater whitefish
5911:Tumnaq used to make
5594:Dallas Museum of Art
5552:. The English words
5332:ilakellriit qulirait
5204:of the Yupʼik area:
5073:18,000 / 12,000 67%
5070:17,000 / 14,000 80%
5039:People and language
4594:cockpit stanchions (
4517:Kusilvak Census Area
1620:The position of the
1177:(1884–1912) and the
1171:Department of Alaska
995:Russian colonization
979:) on the Kuskokwim.
878:Nobaagha hutʼaankkaa
834:Deg Xinag Athabaskan
404:) have other forms:
360:, such as Yupikized
11454:Notable individuals
11135:Fienup-Riordan, Ann
10561:The Limestone Press
10435:Fienup-Riordan, Ann
9935:. Alaskanative.net.
9837:"Qayaqs and Canoes"
9482:Fienup-Riordan, Ann
9246:Marie Lowe (2007),
8447:Askinuk Corporation
8260:Paimiut Corporation
8202:Nunapitchuk Limited
7519:Emmonak Corporation
7456:Ekuk Native Limited
7204:Atmauthluak Limited
7156:(today: St. Mary's)
7121:Village of Alakanuk
7002:(later an epidemic
6828:high blood pressure
6800:omega-3 fatty acids
6296:(Messenger Feast),
6190:Tepas, also called
6185:omega-3 fatty acids
6069:Alaskan Athabaskans
5995:Traditional Yupʼik
5903:Greenlandic cuisine
5854:opposite directions
5721:(song structures),
5637:, as a part of the
5087:13,000 / 4,000 31%
5084:12,000 / 5,000 40%
5035:
4958:
4805:Alaskan Athabaskans
4223:Bird eggs gathering
2341:
2340:occasional harvest
1541:social organization
1487:Elders-in-residence
1415:Alaska Native elder
1382:, environmental or
1195:Moravian Protestant
1179:Territory of Alaska
985:Russian colonialism
884:Denaʼina Athabaskan
824:(Northern Kodiak),
510:
358:Alaskan Athabaskans
347:bilingual education
118:Moravian Protestant
51:
11353:Homelands by state
11266:The Cruelest Miles
11002:, pp. 42, 50)
10505:2012-02-06 at the
10238:Paul John (2003),
9985:2014-12-04 at the
9931:2016-07-22 at the
9913:2013-09-18 at the
9890:2014-12-01 at the
9871:2014-11-30 at the
9743:2016-03-03 at the
9663:2011-03-11 at the
9234:. Greenwood Press.
9018:East Asian Studies
8998:2014-12-04 at the
8686:Village of Kalskag
8649:Twin Hills Village
7708:Kugkaktilk Limited
7663:Village of Iliamna
7600:Holy Cross Village
7291:Chevak Corporation
7237:Bill Moores Slough
6981:influenza pandemic
6877:on home brew in a
6741:John Henry Kilbuck
6708:
6457:
6345:
6228:
6131:
6099:Chum or Dog salmon
6020:
5917:
5811:
5675:
5598:
5457:
5179:
5147:
5098:3,000 / 1,000 33%
5095:Sugpiaq (Alutiiq)
5059:1,000 / 1,050 95%
5056:1,000 / 1,050 95%
5033:
5004:Hooper Bay-Chevak
4956:
4938:
4603:
4584:
4533:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4402:
4393:
4384:
4375:
4340:
4331:
4322:
4313:
4304:
4295:
4258:
4249:
4240:
4218:
4209:
4190:
4181:
4172:
4163:
4154:
4133:
4124:
4115:
4104:
4095:
4086:
4059:
4050:
4031:
4022:
4013:
4004:
3995:
3967:
3958:
3935:
3926:
3903:
3894:
3885:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3841:
3826:
3817:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3773:
3764:
3755:
3746:
3737:
3724:
3715:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3671:
3662:
3653:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3609:
3600:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3537:
3528:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3472:
3463:
3454:
3431:
3406:
3397:
3388:
3367:
3358:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3247:
3238:
3223:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3187:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3134:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3029:
3020:
3011:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2892:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2818:
2809:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2711:
2702:
2677:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2578:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2339:
2331:
2303:
2245:
1750:
1654:
1516:
1313:Ann Fienup-Riordan
1175:District of Alaska
1161:The United States
954:Bering land bridge
873:Koyukon Athabaskan
508:
302:, a member of the
189:(sg & pl) and
179:
177:Cupʼig man in 1929
47:
11705:
11704:
11517:
11516:
11431:
11430:
11226:Alaska Geographic
11190:. Fairbanks, AK:
11093:. 23 October 2008
10882:Henry W. Griest,
10764:. Northslope.org.
10762:Chapter 3: Injury
10570:978-0-919642-01-0
9523:Pete, 1993, p. 8.
9012:Vajda, Edward J.
8696:
8695:
8668:Umkumiute Limited
8589:Tulkisarmute Inc.
8489:Quinuyang Limited
7910:Manokotak Village
7789:Village of Kotlik
7396:Choggiung Limited
7270:Chefarnrmute Inc.
6977:1918 flu pandemic
6693:Diocese of Alaska
6561:(magical kayak);
6440:
6434:
6428:
6417:and composed the
6400:
6394:
6388:
6381:
6375:
6369:
6224:Point Lay, Alaska
6222:Muktuk drying at
6162:neqpiit ~ neqpiat
5627:Alaska Native art
5506:made from animal
5421:Alaska Native art
5353:
5347:
5324:
5318:
5278:oral storytelling
5122:
5121:
5031:
5030:
4942:dialect continuum
4844:Alaska Native art
4769:
4763:
4757:
4737:
4731:
4725:
4704:
4698:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4648:
4644:qay'at ~ qass'it
4642:
4636:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4539:was primarily by
4460:
4459:
2227:Hunting-gathering
2218:between regions.
1797:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1719:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1545:bilateral descent
1454:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1369:
1363:
1297:James W. VanStone
1277:Lavrenty Zagoskin
1151:Pacific Northwest
1037:Grigory Shelikhov
971:on the Yukon and
830:(Southern Kodiak)
816:Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq
809:
808:
328:Sugpiaq ~ Alutiiq
259:and the northern
222:
216:
210:
167:
166:
16:(Redirected from
11740:
11648:
11544:
11537:
11530:
11521:
11520:
11357:
11356:
11347:
11309:
11302:
11295:
11286:
11285:
11281:
11269:
11102:
11101:
11099:
11098:
11083:
11074:
11065:
11059:
11058:
11056:
11055:
11040:
11034:
11033:
11031:
11030:
11024:
11018:. Archived from
11017:
11009:
11003:
10996:
10990:
10983:
10974:
10973:
10971:
10969:
10960:. Archived from
10954:
10948:
10947:
10945:
10943:
10926:
10920:
10914:
10908:
10907:
10905:
10903:
10893:
10887:
10884:The Big Sickness
10880:
10874:
10873:
10868:. Archived from
10858:
10852:
10851:
10825:
10819:
10810:Associated Press
10804:
10798:
10787:
10778:
10771:
10765:
10759:
10753:
10745:
10739:
10731:
10725:
10724:
10712:
10706:
10705:
10698:
10692:
10681:
10675:
10674:. Princeton.edu.
10669:
10663:
10656:
10650:
10643:
10637:
10625:
10619:
10613:
10607:
10606:
10604:
10603:
10593:
10587:
10581:
10575:
10574:
10555:. Translated by
10549:
10543:
10536:
10525:
10516:
10510:
10494:
10488:
10479:
10473:
10467:
10458:
10448:
10442:
10432:
10426:
10409:
10403:
10393:
10392:on 3 March 2016.
10388:. Archived from
10382:
10376:
10353:
10347:
10338:
10327:
10313:
10307:
10300:
10294:
10287:
10281:
10280:
10278:
10268:
10262:
10249:
10243:
10236:
10230:
10223:
10217:
10210:
10204:
10194:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10184:
10175:. Archived from
10169:
10163:
10162:
10160:
10159:
10150:. Archived from
10144:
10138:
10137:
10135:
10134:
10125:. Archived from
10119:
10113:
10108:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10098:
10089:. Archived from
10083:
10077:
10072:
10066:
10056:
10050:
10043:
10037:
10030:
10024:
10018:
10012:
10003:
9994:
9976:
9970:
9964:
9958:
9957:
9955:
9953:
9942:
9936:
9923:
9917:
9901:
9895:
9881:
9875:
9859:
9853:
9852:
9850:
9848:
9843:on 21 March 2016
9833:
9827:
9826:
9824:
9822:
9816:
9808:
9802:
9795:
9786:
9785:
9783:
9781:
9770:
9764:
9755:
9749:
9733:
9727:
9721:
9715:
9708:
9702:
9699:
9693:
9690:
9684:
9681:
9668:
9658:"We are Cupʼit."
9654:
9648:
9645:
9612:
9609:
9584:
9581:
9556:
9553:
9524:
9521:
9512:
9509:
9500:
9499:
9478:
9463:
9456:
9450:
9441:
9404:
9398:
9392:
9386:
9380:
9366:
9360:
9351:
9340:
9331:
9316:
9313:Lesson One words
9310:
9304:
9303:
9295:
9289:
9280:
9253:
9244:
9235:
9226:
9220:
9219:
9217:
9215:
9201:
9195:
9188:
9171:
9162:
9156:
9155:
9149:
9144:
9142:
9134:
9122:
9116:
9115:
9079:
9070:
9069:
9057:
9051:
9048:
9042:
9039:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9029:
9020:. Archived from
9014:"Siberian Yupik"
9009:
9003:
8987:
8974:
8971:
8962:
8952:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8927:
8918:. Archived from
8912:
8906:
8901:
8895:
8887:. (2001-12-07).
8882:
8873:
8863:
8784:, viral musician
8727:Crow Village Sam
8294:Negeqliim Painga
8118:Stuyahok Limited
8094:Newhalen Village
7964:Mountain Village
7955:Nima Corporation
7852:Levelock Village
7726:Kokhanok Village
7241:Konogkelyokamiut
7180:Village of Aniak
7082:Akiachak Limited
7052:
7051:
6996:Seward Peninsula
6907:Native Americans
6862:Alcohol epidemic
6832:chronic diseases
6824:high cholesterol
6776:Segundo Llorente
6756:Society of Jesus
6646:Russian Orthodox
6630:Russian Orthodox
6485:(sea creature);
6473:(monster fish);
6438:
6432:
6426:
6419:dances and music
6398:
6392:
6386:
6379:
6373:
6367:
6226:. June 24, 2007.
6158:neqpik ~ neqpiaq
6014:Elevated cache (
5984:, land mammals (
5966:Alaska blackfish
5913:Eskimo ice cream
5760:(you-rawr-puk).
5465:The traditional
5351:
5345:
5322:
5316:
5202:school districts
5145:), March 5, 2008
5115:2,100 / 400 19%
5112:2,200 / 700 35%
5109:Aleut (Unangan)
5101:3,100 / 600 19%
5036:
5032:
4990:Unaliq-Pastuliq
4959:
4955:
4830:is a non-profit
4767:
4761:
4755:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4702:
4696:
4689:
4683:
4677:
4649:in Cupʼig; from
4646:
4640:
4634:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4505:Mountain Village
4469:Nome Census Area
2342:
2302:
2300:in Bristol Bay.
2141:to its mouth in
2091:, "area beside".
1873:tungelquqellriit
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1717:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1554:Parallel cousins
1459:in Cupʼig) is a
1452:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1367:
1361:
1185:(1959–present).
1163:purchased Alaska
1138:Russian Orthodox
1069:Tlingit language
1061:Pribilof Islands
1057:Aleutian Islands
946:American Indians
914:
908:
897:
891:
880:
869:
858:
847:
841:
829:
823:
805:
798:
791:
780:
774:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
719:
709:
702:
695:
688:
681:
674:
666:
656:
649:
642:
635:
629:
623:
616:
609:
601:
591:
584:
577:
570:
564:
558:
551:
544:
511:
507:
504:
498:
489:
475:
469:
463:
454:
448:
442:
436:
430:
421:
415:
409:
399:
389:
368:, non-Yupikized
343:Southwest Alaska
261:Alaska Peninsula
220:
214:
208:
126:Russian Orthodox
55:Total population
52:
46:
21:
11748:
11747:
11743:
11742:
11741:
11739:
11738:
11737:
11708:
11707:
11706:
11701:
11665:
11654:Central Alaskan
11644:
11640:Alutiiq–Sugpiaq
11616:
11612:Upper Kuskokwim
11558:
11555:Tribal entities
11548:
11518:
11513:
11492:
11478:
11470:
11449:
11427:
11385:
11348:
11339:
11330:Yupik languages
11318:
11313:
11278:
11240:Alaskan Eskimos
11110:
11105:
11096:
11094:
11085:
11084:
11077:
11066:
11062:
11053:
11051:
11041:
11037:
11028:
11026:
11022:
11015:
11011:
11010:
11006:
10997:
10993:
10984:
10977:
10967:
10965:
10956:
10955:
10951:
10941:
10939:
10938:. 28 March 1995
10928:
10927:
10923:
10915:
10911:
10901:
10899:
10895:
10894:
10890:
10881:
10877:
10860:
10859:
10855:
10826:
10822:
10805:
10801:
10788:
10781:
10772:
10768:
10760:
10756:
10752:54(1–2):153-69.
10746:
10742:
10732:
10728:
10713:
10709:
10700:
10699:
10695:
10682:
10678:
10670:
10666:
10657:
10653:
10644:
10640:
10626:
10622:
10614:
10610:
10601:
10599:
10595:
10594:
10590:
10582:
10578:
10571:
10551:
10550:
10546:
10537:
10528:
10517:
10513:
10507:Wayback Machine
10495:
10491:
10480:
10476:
10468:
10461:
10449:
10445:
10433:
10429:
10410:
10406:
10384:
10383:
10379:
10354:
10350:
10339:
10330:
10314:
10310:
10301:
10297:
10288:
10284:
10269:
10265:
10261:46(3): 116–136.
10250:
10246:
10237:
10233:
10224:
10220:
10211:
10207:
10195:
10191:
10182:
10180:
10171:
10170:
10166:
10157:
10155:
10146:
10145:
10141:
10132:
10130:
10121:
10120:
10116:
10109:
10105:
10096:
10094:
10085:
10084:
10080:
10073:
10069:
10057:
10053:
10044:
10040:
10031:
10027:
10019:
10015:
10004:
9997:
9987:Wayback Machine
9977:
9973:
9965:
9961:
9951:
9949:
9944:
9943:
9939:
9933:Wayback Machine
9924:
9920:
9915:Wayback Machine
9902:
9898:
9892:Wayback Machine
9882:
9878:
9873:Wayback Machine
9860:
9856:
9846:
9844:
9835:
9834:
9830:
9820:
9818:
9814:
9810:
9809:
9805:
9796:
9789:
9779:
9777:
9772:
9771:
9767:
9756:
9752:
9745:Wayback Machine
9734:
9730:
9722:
9718:
9709:
9705:
9700:
9696:
9691:
9687:
9682:
9671:
9665:Wayback Machine
9655:
9651:
9647:Jacobson, 1984.
9646:
9615:
9610:
9587:
9582:
9559:
9554:
9527:
9522:
9515:
9510:
9503:
9496:
9479:
9466:
9457:
9453:
9442:
9407:
9399:
9395:
9387:
9383:
9367:
9363:
9352:
9343:
9332:
9319:
9311:
9307:
9296:
9292:
9281:
9256:
9245:
9238:
9227:
9223:
9213:
9211:
9203:
9202:
9198:
9189:
9174:
9163:
9159:
9147:
9145:
9136:
9135:
9123:
9119:
9098:. Book Review.
9080:
9073:
9058:
9054:
9049:
9045:
9040:
9036:
9027:
9025:
9010:
9006:
9000:Wayback Machine
8988:
8977:
8972:
8965:
8953:
8934:
8925:
8923:
8914:
8913:
8909:
8902:
8898:
8883:
8876:
8864:
8860:
8856:
8846:Dear Lemon Lima
8841:
8818:
8701:
8369:Russian Mission
7992:Nagamut Limited
7934:Maserculig Inc.
7895:Doyon, Limited
7642:Igiugig Village
7606:Doyon, Limited
7603:Deloycheet Inc.
7516:Emmonak Village
7032:tribal entities
7028:
6975:) of 1918. The
6949:
6922:alcohol-related
6870:
6864:
6796:
6791:
6764:Catholic Church
6749:Joseph H. Romig
6736:Mamterillermiut
6712:Moravian Church
6678:Russian Mission
6654:promyshlennikis
6622:
6321:
6315:
6310:
6278:
6255:
6216:
6077:
5905:
5895:
5889:
5876:cugaq, cugaruaq
5868:
5862:
5795:
5789:
5781:Emmonak, Alaska
5772:Drums of Winter
5753:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5649:Music and dance
5604:
5596:, Dallas, Texas
5582:
5570:promyshlennikis
5463:
5461:Yupʼik clothing
5441:
5429:Yupʼik clothing
5417:
5274:
5156:Sheldon Jackson
5127:
5067:Central Yupʼik
5053:Siberian Yupik
5048:1992 viability
4934:President Obama
4867:Yupik languages
4863:
4857:
4852:
4832:cultural center
4821:
4776:ikamrag, qamaug
4632:qayar ~ qay'ar
4590:Nunivak Cupʼig
4535:Traditionally,
4525:
4465:
2235:Aerial view of
2229:
2224:
2175:to present-day
2125:Kuskokwim River
1857:
1855:Regional groups
1752:Men's house or
1638:
1594:
1563:
1521:
1512:Edward S Curtis
1496:
1461:respected elder
1411:
1348:
1320:Harold Napoleon
1285:Margaret Lantis
1255:, as a part of
1222:
1199:Jesuit Catholic
1183:State of Alaska
1159:
1118:sea otter trade
1053:Russian America
1049:Awa'uq Massacre
1039:led attacks on
997:
926:
921:
382:
376:, to the east.
255:as far east as
249:Nunivak Islands
146:Sugpiaq/Alutiiq
92:(and dialects:
71:
49:
45:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11746:
11736:
11735:
11730:
11725:
11720:
11703:
11702:
11700:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11679:
11673:
11671:
11667:
11666:
11664:
11663:
11662:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11650:
11649:
11632:
11626:
11624:
11618:
11617:
11615:
11614:
11609:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11579:
11574:
11568:
11566:
11560:
11559:
11547:
11546:
11539:
11532:
11524:
11515:
11514:
11512:
11511:
11505:
11497:
11494:
11493:
11491:
11490:
11484:
11482:
11472:
11471:
11469:
11468:
11463:
11457:
11455:
11451:
11450:
11448:
11447:
11441:
11439:
11433:
11432:
11429:
11428:
11426:
11425:
11424:
11423:
11422:
11421:
11416:
11411:
11395:
11393:
11387:
11386:
11384:
11383:
11382:
11381:
11376:
11365:
11363:
11354:
11350:
11349:
11342:
11340:
11338:
11337:
11332:
11326:
11324:
11320:
11319:
11312:
11311:
11304:
11297:
11289:
11283:
11282:
11276:
11259:
11253:
11250:
11243:
11236:
11229:
11218:
11209:
11202:
11199:
11184:
11177:
11170:
11163:
11156:
11149:
11142:
11132:
11125:
11118:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11103:
11075:
11060:
11035:
11004:
10991:
10975:
10949:
10921:
10909:
10888:
10875:
10872:on 2006-02-11.
10853:
10820:
10799:
10779:
10766:
10754:
10740:
10726:
10707:
10693:
10676:
10664:
10651:
10638:
10620:
10608:
10588:
10576:
10569:
10557:Lydia T. Black
10544:
10526:
10511:
10489:
10474:
10459:
10443:
10441:, 27(2): 40–7.
10427:
10404:
10400:WCSpeakers.com
10377:
10365:978-1594330131
10348:
10328:
10308:
10295:
10282:
10263:
10244:
10231:
10218:
10205:
10189:
10164:
10139:
10114:
10103:
10078:
10067:
10051:
10038:
10025:
10013:
9995:
9971:
9959:
9937:
9918:
9906:łeendenaalyoye
9896:
9876:
9854:
9828:
9803:
9787:
9765:
9750:
9728:
9716:
9703:
9694:
9685:
9669:
9649:
9613:
9585:
9557:
9525:
9513:
9501:
9494:
9464:
9451:
9405:
9393:
9381:
9361:
9341:
9317:
9315:. Alaskool.org
9305:
9290:
9254:
9236:
9221:
9196:
9172:
9157:
9148:|journal=
9117:
9071:
9052:
9043:
9034:
9004:
8975:
8963:
8932:
8907:
8896:
8874:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8851:
8850:
8840:
8837:
8836:
8835:
8825:
8817:
8814:
8813:
8812:
8802:
8785:
8782:Byron Nicholai
8779:
8773:
8766:
8760:
8754:
8751:Oscar Kawagley
8748:
8742:
8736:
8730:
8724:
8718:
8708:
8700:
8697:
8694:
8693:
8690:
8687:
8684:
8673:
8672:
8669:
8666:
8663:
8657:
8656:
8653:
8650:
8647:
8636:
8635:
8632:
8629:
8626:
8615:
8614:
8611:
8608:
8605:
8594:
8593:
8590:
8587:
8584:
8573:
8572:
8569:
8566:
8563:
8552:
8551:
8548:
8545:
8542:
8531:
8530:
8527:
8524:
8521:
8515:
8514:
8511:
8508:
8505:
8494:
8493:
8490:
8487:
8484:
8473:
8472:
8469:
8466:
8463:
8452:
8451:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8431:
8430:
8427:
8424:
8421:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8403:
8397:
8386:
8385:
8382:
8379:
8376:
8365:
8364:
8361:
8360:Qanirtuuq Inc.
8358:
8355:
8344:
8343:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8328:
8327:
8324:
8321:
8318:
8307:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8286:
8285:
8282:
8279:
8276:
8265:
8264:
8261:
8258:
8255:
8249:
8248:
8245:
8242:
8239:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8221:
8218:
8207:
8206:
8203:
8200:
8197:
8186:
8185:
8182:
8179:
8176:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8137:
8136:Newtok Village
8134:
8123:
8122:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8102:
8101:
8098:
8095:
8092:
8081:
8080:
8077:
8076:Napaskiak Inc.
8074:
8071:
8060:
8059:
8056:
8053:
8050:
8039:
8038:
8035:
8032:
8029:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8011:
8008:
7997:
7996:
7993:
7990:
7987:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7976:Azachorok Inc.
7974:
7971:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7953:
7950:
7939:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7911:
7908:
7897:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7874:
7871:
7860:
7859:
7856:
7853:
7850:
7839:
7838:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7818:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7797:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7787:
7776:
7775:
7772:
7769:
7766:
7755:
7754:
7751:
7748:
7745:
7734:
7733:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7713:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7703:
7692:
7691:
7688:
7685:
7682:
7671:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7629:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7608:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7587:
7586:
7583:
7580:
7577:
7566:
7565:
7562:
7561:Kiutsarak Inc.
7559:
7556:
7545:
7544:
7541:
7538:
7535:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7517:
7514:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7496:
7493:
7482:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7454:
7451:
7445:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7437:Egegik Village
7435:
7424:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7412:
7401:
7400:
7397:
7394:
7391:
7380:
7379:
7376:
7373:
7370:
7359:
7358:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7310:
7307:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7286:
7275:
7274:
7271:
7268:
7265:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7247:
7244:
7233:
7232:
7229:
7226:
7220:
7209:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7181:
7178:
7167:
7166:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7150:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7066:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7030:Alaska Native
7027:
7024:
7012:Alaska Natives
6948:
6945:
6941:Alaska natives
6899:Alaska Natives
6863:
6860:
6853:in Cupʼig) or
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6714:is the oldest
6621:
6618:
6602:kelessiniayaaq
6545:(giant bird);
6537:(polar bear);
6317:Main article:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:(invitation).
6277:
6274:
6270:ugnarat neqait
6254:
6251:
6215:
6212:
6180:"real food").
6138:Pacific salmon
6076:
6073:
5942:Pacific salmon
5893:Yupʼik cuisine
5891:Main article:
5888:
5885:
5870:Yupʼik dolls (
5864:Main article:
5861:
5858:
5835:Siberian Yupik
5827:Alaska Natives
5791:Main article:
5788:
5787:Toys and games
5785:
5752:
5749:
5725:(regalia) and
5678:Yupʼik dancing
5655:Yupʼik dancing
5653:Main article:
5650:
5647:
5643:Nome Gold Rush
5600:Main article:
5581:
5578:
5459:Main article:
5440:
5437:
5416:
5413:
5364:
5363:
5335:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5259:
5249:
5244:. English and
5235:
5226:
5216:
5137:School bus at
5126:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4962:Yupʼik groups
4951:Nunivak Cupʼig
4932:, performs to
4926:Byron Nicholai
4885:distinguishes
4859:Main article:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4820:
4817:
4537:transportation
4524:
4523:Transportation
4521:
4473:Brevig Mission
4464:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4394:
4385:
4376:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4296:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4250:
4241:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4182:
4173:
4164:
4155:
4146:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4125:
4116:
4107:
4105:
4096:
4087:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4061:
4060:
4051:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4005:
3996:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3941:Parky squirrel
3937:
3936:
3927:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3895:
3886:
3877:
3870:
3869:
3860:
3851:
3842:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3791:
3782:
3775:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3716:
3707:
3698:
3689:
3680:
3673:
3672:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3581:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3433:
3432:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3369:
3368:
3359:
3350:
3341:
3332:
3323:
3314:
3305:
3296:
3287:
3278:
3269:
3260:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3239:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3188:
3179:
3172:
3171:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3109:
3100:
3091:
3084:
3083:
3074:
3065:
3056:
3047:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3012:
3003:
2996:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2894:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2820:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2332:usual harvest
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2150:
2118:
2099:Nunivak Island
2092:
2050:
2028:
1999:
1985:
1963:
1949:
1903:
1856:
1853:
1830:Yupʼik dancing
1768:qasgi ~ qasgiq
1637:
1634:
1593:
1590:
1562:
1559:
1529:Eskimo kinship
1520:
1517:
1495:
1492:
1410:
1407:
1347:
1344:
1251:of the Yupʼik
1249:historiography
1230:oral tradition
1226:Alaska Natives
1221:
1220:Historiography
1218:
1167:Russian Empire
1158:
1155:
1147:British Empire
1126:St. Petersburg
1124:was signed in
1112:and later the
1081:(Unangan) and
1026:promyshlenniki
996:
993:
934:archaeologists
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
915:
898:
881:
870:
859:
848:
831:
821:Pamanaʼrmiuʼaq
807:
806:
799:
792:
785:
783:
781:
768:
764:
763:
756:
749:
742:
735:
728:
721:
711:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
675:
668:
658:
657:
650:
643:
636:
617:
610:
603:
593:
592:
585:
578:
571:
552:
545:
538:
534:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
381:
378:
332:Siberian Yupik
322:of Alaska and
289:Nunivak Cupʼig
175:Nunivak Island
165:
164:
142:Siberian Yupik
138:
137:
133:
132:
110:
109:
105:
104:
86:
85:
81:
80:
77:
67:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11745:
11734:
11731:
11729:
11726:
11724:
11721:
11719:
11716:
11715:
11713:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11678:
11675:
11674:
11672:
11668:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11647:
11643:
11642:
11641:
11638:
11637:
11636:
11633:
11631:
11628:
11627:
11625:
11623:
11619:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11569:
11567:
11565:
11561:
11556:
11552:
11545:
11540:
11538:
11533:
11531:
11526:
11525:
11522:
11510:
11506:
11504:
11503:
11499:
11498:
11495:
11489:
11486:
11485:
11483:
11481:
11477:
11473:
11467:
11464:
11462:
11461:United States
11459:
11458:
11456:
11452:
11446:
11443:
11442:
11440:
11438:
11434:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11406:
11405:
11402:
11401:
11400:
11397:
11396:
11394:
11392:
11388:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11371:
11370:
11367:
11366:
11364:
11362:
11361:United States
11358:
11355:
11351:
11346:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11327:
11325:
11321:
11317:
11316:Yupik peoples
11310:
11305:
11303:
11298:
11296:
11291:
11290:
11287:
11279:
11277:0-393-01962-4
11273:
11268:
11267:
11260:
11257:
11254:
11251:
11248:
11244:
11241:
11237:
11234:
11230:
11227:
11223:
11219:
11216:
11213:
11210:
11207:
11203:
11200:
11197:
11193:
11189:
11185:
11182:
11178:
11175:
11171:
11168:
11164:
11161:
11157:
11154:
11150:
11147:
11143:
11140:
11136:
11133:
11130:
11126:
11123:
11119:
11116:
11112:
11111:
11092:
11091:Seattle Times
11088:
11082:
11080:
11072:
11069:
11064:
11050:
11046:
11039:
11025:on 2016-03-04
11021:
11014:
11013:"Marie Meade"
11008:
11001:
10995:
10988:
10982:
10980:
10964:on 6 May 2009
10963:
10959:
10953:
10937:
10936:
10931:
10925:
10918:
10913:
10898:
10892:
10885:
10879:
10871:
10867:
10863:
10857:
10849:
10845:
10842:(20): 433–5.
10841:
10837:
10836:
10831:
10824:
10817:
10816:
10811:
10808:
10803:
10796:
10792:
10786:
10784:
10777:61(2):311–319
10776:
10770:
10763:
10758:
10751:
10744:
10738:38(5):476-82.
10737:
10730:
10722:
10718:
10711:
10703:
10697:
10690:
10686:
10680:
10673:
10668:
10661:
10655:
10648:
10642:
10635:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10617:
10612:
10598:
10592:
10586:
10580:
10572:
10566:
10562:
10558:
10554:
10548:
10541:
10535:
10533:
10531:
10523:
10522:
10515:
10508:
10504:
10501:
10500:
10493:
10486:
10485:
10478:
10471:
10466:
10464:
10457:
10453:
10447:
10440:
10436:
10431:
10424:
10420:
10416:
10415:
10408:
10401:
10397:
10391:
10387:
10386:"Chris Kiana"
10381:
10374:
10373:9781594331879
10370:
10366:
10362:
10358:
10352:
10345:
10344:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10325:
10321:
10317:
10316:Emily Johnson
10312:
10305:
10299:
10292:
10286:
10277:
10276:
10267:
10260:
10256:
10255:
10248:
10241:
10235:
10228:
10222:
10215:
10209:
10202:
10198:
10193:
10179:on 2017-11-06
10178:
10174:
10168:
10154:on 2011-12-30
10153:
10149:
10143:
10129:on 2011-08-13
10128:
10124:
10118:
10112:
10107:
10093:on 2012-03-20
10092:
10088:
10082:
10076:
10071:
10065:
10061:
10055:
10048:
10042:
10035:
10029:
10022:
10017:
10010:
10009:
10002:
10000:
9992:
9988:
9984:
9981:
9975:
9968:
9963:
9947:
9941:
9934:
9930:
9927:
9922:
9916:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9900:
9893:
9889:
9886:
9880:
9874:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9858:
9842:
9838:
9832:
9813:
9807:
9800:
9794:
9792:
9775:
9774:"Model Kayak"
9769:
9762:
9761:
9754:
9747:
9746:
9742:
9739:
9732:
9725:
9720:
9713:
9707:
9698:
9689:
9680:
9678:
9676:
9674:
9666:
9662:
9659:
9653:
9644:
9642:
9640:
9638:
9636:
9634:
9632:
9630:
9628:
9626:
9624:
9622:
9620:
9618:
9608:
9606:
9604:
9602:
9600:
9598:
9596:
9594:
9592:
9590:
9580:
9578:
9576:
9574:
9572:
9570:
9568:
9566:
9564:
9562:
9552:
9550:
9548:
9546:
9544:
9542:
9540:
9538:
9536:
9534:
9532:
9530:
9520:
9518:
9508:
9506:
9497:
9495:0-585-12190-7
9491:
9487:
9483:
9477:
9475:
9473:
9471:
9469:
9461:
9455:
9448:
9447:
9440:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9432:
9430:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9422:
9420:
9418:
9416:
9414:
9412:
9410:
9403:
9402:Hat (E037904)
9397:
9390:
9385:
9378:
9374:
9370:
9365:
9358:
9357:
9350:
9348:
9346:
9338:
9337:
9330:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9322:
9314:
9309:
9301:
9294:
9287:
9286:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9273:
9271:
9269:
9267:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9259:
9251:
9250:
9243:
9241:
9233:
9232:
9225:
9210:
9206:
9200:
9193:
9187:
9185:
9183:
9181:
9179:
9177:
9169:
9168:
9161:
9153:
9140:
9132:
9128:
9121:
9113:
9109:
9105:
9101:
9097:
9093:
9089:
9085:
9078:
9076:
9067:
9063:
9056:
9047:
9038:
9024:on 2016-10-28
9023:
9019:
9015:
9008:
9001:
8997:
8994:
8993:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8970:
8968:
8960:
8958:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8943:
8941:
8939:
8937:
8922:on 2012-12-10
8921:
8917:
8911:
8905:
8900:
8893:
8890:
8886:
8881:
8879:
8871:
8868:
8862:
8858:
8848:
8847:
8843:
8842:
8834:, 2006–2009).
8833:
8829:
8826:
8823:
8822:Bristol Palin
8820:
8819:
8810:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8797:
8793:
8790:(born 1973),
8789:
8786:
8783:
8780:
8777:
8774:
8771:
8767:
8764:
8761:
8758:
8755:
8752:
8749:
8746:
8745:Emily Johnson
8743:
8740:
8739:Lyman Hoffman
8737:
8734:
8731:
8728:
8725:
8722:
8719:
8716:
8712:
8709:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8691:
8688:
8685:
8682:
8678:
8677:Upper Kalskag
8675:
8674:
8670:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8658:
8654:
8651:
8648:
8645:
8641:
8638:
8637:
8633:
8630:
8627:
8624:
8620:
8617:
8616:
8612:
8609:
8606:
8603:
8599:
8596:
8595:
8591:
8588:
8585:
8582:
8578:
8575:
8574:
8570:
8567:
8564:
8561:
8557:
8554:
8553:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8540:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8528:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8516:
8512:
8509:
8506:
8503:
8499:
8496:
8495:
8491:
8488:
8485:
8482:
8478:
8475:
8474:
8470:
8467:
8464:
8461:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8449:
8446:
8443:
8440:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8428:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8407:
8404:
8401:
8398:
8395:
8391:
8388:
8387:
8383:
8380:
8377:
8374:
8370:
8367:
8366:
8362:
8359:
8356:
8353:
8349:
8346:
8345:
8341:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8332:Portage Creek
8330:
8329:
8325:
8322:
8319:
8316:
8312:
8309:
8308:
8304:
8301:
8298:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8287:
8283:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8270:
8269:Pilot Station
8267:
8266:
8262:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8246:
8243:
8240:
8237:
8233:
8230:
8229:
8225:
8222:
8219:
8216:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8204:
8201:
8198:
8195:
8191:
8188:
8187:
8183:
8180:
8177:
8174:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8162:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8149:
8146:
8145:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8132:
8128:
8125:
8124:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8099:
8096:
8093:
8090:
8086:
8083:
8082:
8078:
8075:
8072:
8069:
8065:
8062:
8061:
8057:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8044:
8041:
8040:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8015:
8012:
8009:
8006:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7978:
7975:
7972:
7969:
7965:
7962:
7961:
7957:
7954:
7951:
7948:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7930:
7927:
7923:
7920:
7919:
7915:
7912:
7909:
7906:
7902:
7899:
7898:
7894:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7882:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7865:
7864:Lower Kalskag
7862:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7851:
7848:
7844:
7841:
7840:
7836:
7833:
7830:
7827:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7815:
7813:Kwethluk Inc.
7812:
7809:
7806:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7794:
7791:
7788:
7785:
7781:
7778:
7777:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7743:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7718:
7715:
7714:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7701:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7689:
7687:Kasigluk Inc.
7686:
7683:
7680:
7676:
7673:
7672:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7659:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7626:
7623:
7620:
7617:
7616:Naparyaarmiut
7613:
7610:
7609:
7605:
7602:
7599:
7596:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7584:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7574:Nunapigglugaq
7571:
7568:
7567:
7563:
7560:
7557:
7554:
7550:
7547:
7546:
7542:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7521:
7518:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7494:
7491:
7490:Neviarcaurluq
7487:
7484:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7474:Ekwok Village
7473:
7470:
7466:
7463:
7462:
7458:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7410:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7398:
7395:
7392:
7389:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7377:
7374:
7371:
7368:
7364:
7363:Crooked Creek
7361:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7314:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7272:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7230:
7227:
7224:
7221:
7218:
7214:
7211:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7185:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7172:
7169:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7141:
7138:
7134:
7131:
7130:
7126:
7123:
7120:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7096:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7084:
7081:
7078:
7075:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7063:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7023:
7021:
7017:
7013:
7009:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6993:
6988:
6986:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6944:
6942:
6938:
6934:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6918:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6891:Alcohol abuse
6886:
6884:
6880:
6879:dry community
6876:
6869:
6859:
6856:
6855:honey buckets
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6825:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6801:
6786:
6784:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6765:
6761:
6757:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6742:
6737:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6720:North America
6717:
6713:
6704:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6679:
6675:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6642:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6617:
6615:
6611:
6610:little person
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6563:tunturyuaryuk
6560:
6556:
6552:
6548:
6544:
6540:
6536:
6532:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6483:cirunelvialuk
6480:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6455:
6450:
6446:
6444:
6437:
6431:
6425:
6420:
6416:
6411:
6409:
6404:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6378:
6372:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6305:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6280:The dominant
6273:
6271:
6267:
6262:
6260:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6225:
6220:
6211:
6209:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6188:
6186:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6136:, especially
6135:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6087:
6081:
6072:
6070:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6017:
6012:
6008:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5993:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5975:
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5938:beluga whales
5935:
5931:
5926:
5922:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5884:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5808:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5766:
5761:
5759:
5748:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5709:(ancestors),
5708:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5656:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5541:and domestic
5540:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5468:
5462:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5361:
5357:
5350:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5328:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5144:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5037:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4960:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4947:Chevak Cupʼik
4943:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4917:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4807:pulled their
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4773:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4701:
4695:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4671:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4529:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4509:Pilot Station
4506:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4395:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4097:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:Silver salmon
2512:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2219:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2143:Kuskowkim Bay
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2121:Kusquqvagmiut
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:Kuskokwim Bay
2054:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:Nelson Island
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:understanding
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1134:trading posts
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1103:Kuskokwim Bay
1100:
1099:Cape Newenham
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:Kodiak Island
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:Kodiak Island
1038:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:trading posts
1006:
1002:
992:
988:
986:
980:
978:
977:Tulukarugmiut
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
950:North America
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
913:
907:
902:
899:
896:
895:Naghelghazhna
890:
885:
882:
879:
874:
871:
868:
863:
860:
857:
856:Namagh hitʼan
852:
849:
846:
845:Novogh xitʼan
840:
835:
832:
828:
822:
817:
814:
813:
812:
804:
800:
797:
793:
790:
786:
784:
782:
779:
773:
769:
766:
765:
761:
757:
754:
750:
747:
743:
740:
736:
733:
729:
726:
722:
718:
713:
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
694:
690:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
669:
665:
660:
659:
655:
651:
648:
644:
641:
637:
634:
628:
622:
618:
615:
611:
608:
604:
600:
595:
594:
590:
586:
583:
579:
576:
572:
569:
563:
557:
553:
550:
546:
543:
539:
536:
535:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
512:
506:
503:
497:
491:
488:
483:
479:
474:
468:
462:
458:
453:
447:
441:
435:
429:
423:
420:
414:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:Yupik peoples
317:
312:
309:
308:United States
305:
301:
297:
296:Alaska Native
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:Chevak Cupʼik
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
219:
213:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
171:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
78:
75:
70:United States
68:
63:
58:
53:
40:
33:
19:
11500:
11437:Organisation
11378:
11265:
11246:
11239:
11232:
11225:
11221:
11205:
11187:
11180:
11173:
11166:
11159:
11152:
11145:
11138:
11128:
11121:
11114:
11108:Bibliography
11095:. Retrieved
11070:
11063:
11052:. Retrieved
11048:
11038:
11027:. Retrieved
11020:the original
11007:
10994:
10986:
10966:. Retrieved
10962:the original
10952:
10940:. Retrieved
10935:Deseret News
10933:
10924:
10912:
10900:. Retrieved
10891:
10878:
10870:the original
10865:
10856:
10839:
10833:
10823:
10813:
10802:
10794:
10774:
10769:
10757:
10749:
10743:
10735:
10729:
10720:
10716:
10710:
10696:
10691:65(1):77–83.
10688:
10679:
10667:
10659:
10654:
10646:
10641:
10631:
10628:Marcus Baker
10623:
10611:
10600:. Retrieved
10591:
10579:
10552:
10547:
10539:
10520:
10514:
10498:
10492:
10483:
10477:
10451:
10446:
10438:
10430:
10412:
10407:
10399:
10390:the original
10380:
10356:
10351:
10341:
10323:
10311:
10298:
10290:
10285:
10274:
10266:
10258:
10252:
10247:
10239:
10234:
10226:
10221:
10213:
10208:
10200:
10192:
10181:. Retrieved
10177:the original
10167:
10156:. Retrieved
10152:the original
10142:
10131:. Retrieved
10127:the original
10117:
10106:
10095:. Retrieved
10091:the original
10081:
10070:
10063:
10054:
10041:
10033:
10028:
10016:
10007:
9993:48(3): 1–18.
9990:
9974:
9962:
9950:. Retrieved
9940:
9921:
9905:
9899:
9879:
9863:
9857:
9845:. Retrieved
9841:the original
9831:
9819:. Retrieved
9806:
9798:
9778:. Retrieved
9768:
9758:
9753:
9736:
9731:
9719:
9706:
9697:
9688:
9652:
9485:
9459:
9454:
9444:
9396:
9384:
9376:
9364:
9355:
9334:
9308:
9299:
9293:
9284:
9248:
9229:
9224:
9212:. Retrieved
9208:
9199:
9166:
9160:
9139:cite journal
9120:
9095:
9091:
9087:
9083:
9066:ResearchGate
9065:
9055:
9046:
9037:
9026:. Retrieved
9022:the original
9017:
9007:
8991:
8956:
8924:. Retrieved
8920:the original
8910:
8899:
8861:
8844:
8788:Mary Peltola
8776:Walt Monegan
8763:Olga Michael
8680:
8643:
8622:
8601:
8580:
8559:
8538:
8501:
8480:
8477:South Naknek
8459:
8439:Marayaarmiut
8438:
8417:
8402:(St. Mary's)
8393:
8372:
8351:
8314:
8293:
8290:Pitkas Point
8272:
8235:
8214:
8193:
8172:
8151:
8130:
8109:
8106:New Stuyahok
8088:
8067:
8046:
8025:
8004:
7968:Asaacaryaraq
7967:
7946:
7926:Masserculleq
7925:
7904:
7892:MTNT Limited
7867:
7846:
7825:
7822:Kwigillingok
7804:
7783:
7762:
7741:
7720:
7699:
7678:
7657:
7636:
7615:
7594:
7573:
7552:
7549:Goodnews Bay
7531:
7510:
7489:
7468:
7431:
7408:
7387:
7366:
7354:Saguyak Inc.
7345:
7342:Clarks Point
7324:
7321:Chuloonawick
7303:
7282:
7261:
7240:
7225:(aka Bethel)
7216:
7195:
7174:
7136:
7115:
7094:
7073:
7040:
7029:
6992:Four Corners
6989:
6967:(influenza)
6960:
6957:Big Sickness
6956:
6952:
6950:
6930:
6919:
6887:
6871:
6850:
6846:
6843:Chamber pots
6836:
6797:
6780:
6771:
6753:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6709:
6690:
6681:
6643:
6623:
6620:Christianity
6613:
6605:
6601:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6583:
6578:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6554:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6502:
6498:
6494:
6490:
6486:
6482:
6474:
6470:
6460:
6458:
6453:
6442:
6435:
6429:
6423:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6395:
6389:
6383:
6376:
6370:
6364:
6346:
6340:
6336:
6332:
6279:
6269:
6263:
6256:
6238:
6234:
6229:
6191:
6189:
6182:
6177:
6173:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6134:Fish as food
6132:
6126:
6118:
6110:
6102:
6094:
6086:Oncorhynchus
6084:
6064:food storage
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6021:
6015:
5994:
5918:
5915:, circa 1910
5879:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5815:Eskimo yo-yo
5812:
5806:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5762:
5757:
5754:
5739:
5735:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5719:yuaruciyaraq
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5690:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5632:
5618:
5614:
5610:
5607:Yupʼik masks
5605:
5602:Yupʼik masks
5589:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5545:
5538:
5518:'s foot and
5512:walrus ivory
5494:, sometimes
5492:fur clothing
5478:(especially
5474:from animal
5464:
5452:
5433:Yupʼik dolls
5418:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5365:
5359:
5355:
5348:
5342:
5331:
5326:
5319:
5313:
5308:Traditional
5301:
5297:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5265:
5255:
5232:
5222:
5212:
5198:Bilingualism
5196:
5180:
5148:
5142:
5128:
4971:Nonspeakers
4939:
4873:and a final
4864:
4825:
4822:
4775:
4771:
4764:
4758:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4699:
4693:
4686:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4659:seal hunting
4650:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4595:
4552:
4548:
4534:
4466:
2567:Dolly Varden
2318:Goodnews Bay
2295:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2272:semi-nomadic
2269:
2246:
2240:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2189:Togiak River
2185:Tuyuryarmiut
2184:
2177:Crow Village
2168:
2152:
2146:
2134:
2128:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2095:Nunivaarmiut
2094:
2088:
2084:
2073:Kwigillingok
2052:
2046:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2002:Qaluyaarmiut
2001:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1914:Norton Sound
1909:
1906:Pastulirmiut
1905:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1849:beaver lodge
1844:
1840:
1834:
1827:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1737:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1579:
1575:
1564:
1522:
1507:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1465:storytelling
1456:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1396:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1331:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1269:ethnographic
1261:
1253:ethnohistory
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1211:
1207:
1187:
1160:
1130:
1107:
1076:
1073:
1035:
1031:
1024:
998:
989:
981:
976:
973:Crow Village
958:
927:
810:
492:
481:
477:
424:
383:
351:
340:
315:
313:
304:Eskimo–Aleut
293:
284:
272:
265:Naknek River
257:Nushagak Bay
233:Norton Sound
217:
211:
205:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
180:
114:Christianity
44:Ethnic group
11564:Athabaskans
11256:Reed, Irene
10797:13(1):1–31.
9952:17 November
9847:26 November
9821:26 November
9780:26 November
9379:Vol. 35, #2
9214:December 4,
8959:2nd edition
8809:Helper Neck
8757:Marie Meade
8729:(1893–1974)
8711:Ramy Brooks
8602:Tuntutuliaq
8598:Tuntutuliak
8581:Tuulkessaaq
8556:Toksook Bay
8519:Stony River
8460:Cellitemiut
8435:Scammon Bay
8414:St. Michael
8236:Kuiggayagaq
8190:Nunapitchuk
8139:Newtok Inc.
8047:Naparyarraq
7595:Ingirraller
7419:Iqfijouq Co
7300:Chuathbaluk
7217:Mamterilleq
6971:(worldwide
6953:Great Death
6947:Great Death
6875:prohibition
6820:weight gain
6732:Mamterilleq
6728:Mamterilleq
6670:Atka Island
6590:ciuliaqatuk
6551:thunderbird
6547:tengmiarpak
6531:qupurruyuli
6495:irci, irciq
6491:inglupgayuk
6454:Miluquyulit
6062:-like safe
5878:in Cupʼik,
5874:in Yupʼik,
5866:Yupʼik doll
5852:strings in
5723:yurarcuutet
5713:(shamans),
5661:Inuit music
5617:in Yupʼik,
5425:Yupʼik mask
5409:cirunqaaraq
5399:in Cupʼik,
5395:in Yupʼik,
5337:Historical
4965:Population
4936:'s cabinet.
4930:Toksook Bay
4700:ayaperyarat
4694:ayaperyaraq
4543:(land) and
3779:River otter
3377:Ringed seal
3257:Harbor seal
2387:King salmon
2267:of Alaska:
2249:Dfc climate
2241:Mamterilleq
2115:Nuniwarmiut
2053:Caninermiut
2035:Nunapitchuk
1988:Askinarmiut
1974:Scammon Bay
1966:Marayarmiut
1960:Yukon River
1952:Kuigpagmiut
1922:Yukon River
1900:St. Michael
1802:in Cupʼig;
1798:in Cupʼik,
1785:in Yupʼik,
1727:skin sewing
1720:in Cupʼik,
1707:in Yupʼik,
1567:settlements
1523:The Yupʼik
1455:in Cupʼik,
1436:in Yupʼik,
1374:in Cupʼik,
1370:in Yupʼik,
1355:Way of life
1197:(1885) and
1095:Bristol Bay
942:blood types
839:Dodz xitʼan
827:Pamanirmiuq
253:Bristol Bay
197:(pl), also
11712:Categories
11597:Holikachuk
11577:Deg Hitʼan
11507:See also:
11480:settlement
11137:. (1983).
11097:2023-08-23
11054:2023-04-13
11029:2023-08-27
10723:(5): 1–46.
10602:2023-08-27
10183:2014-11-26
10158:2014-11-26
10133:2014-11-26
10097:2014-11-26
9885:Sled model
9864:ayaperviik
9028:2014-12-01
8926:2014-11-29
8854:References
8828:Todd Palin
8792:Democratic
8640:Twin Hills
8560:Nunakauyaq
8323:Arvig Inc.
8232:Oscarville
8215:Urr'agmiut
8194:Nunapicuar
8173:Nunam Iqua
8169:Nunam Iqua
8089:Nuuriileng
7905:Manuquutaq
7826:Kuigilnguq
7784:Qerrulliik
7759:Kongiganak
7612:Hooper Bay
7591:Holy Cross
7384:Dillingham
7304:Curarpalek
7262:Cevv'arneq
7196:Atmaulluaq
7192:Atmautluak
7154:Andreafsky
7004:diphtheria
6866:See also:
6806:(EPA) and
6716:Protestant
6614:tukriayuli
6600:, dwarf);
6575:uligiayuli
6571:ulurrugnaq
6559:tumarayuli
6539:quugaarpak
6523:qamurralek
6519:paalraayak
6511:miluquyuli
6282:ceremonies
6276:Ceremonies
6239:mangengtak
6203:fish heads
6060:bear cache
6028:qulvarviit
6007:(muktuk).
5997:delicacies
5899:Inuit diet
5897:See also:
5880:cuucunguar
5829:, such as
5825:-speaking
5807:qawaliqtar
5703:yuraryaraq
5659:See also:
5611:kegginaquq
5339:Narratives
5272:Literature
4803:and other
4789:Holikachuk
4785:Deg Hitʼan
4687:ayaperviit
4681:ayaperviik
4596:ayaperviik
4565:snowmobile
4557:Pedestrian
4513:St. Mary's
4489:Point Hope
4481:Shishmaref
3176:Brown bear
2447:Red salmon
2310:Twin Hills
2265:ecoregions
2153:Kiatagmiut
2135:Unegkumiut
2069:Kongiganak
2043:Atmautluak
1992:Hooper Bay
1896:Unalakleet
1880:Unalirmiut
1666:sod houses
1599:leadership
1592:Leadership
1586:warehouses
1572:sod houses
1504:Hooper Bay
1403:Mosaic law
1328:Hooper Bay
1257:Eskimology
1091:James Cook
1087:Bering Sea
1023:, such as
366:Deg Hitʼan
362:Holikachuk
269:Egegik Bay
237:Bering Sea
11697:Tsimshian
10987:USA Today
10423:103303229
9112:1937-5239
8661:Umkumiute
8644:Ingricuar
8456:Sleetmute
8390:St. Marys
8352:Kuinerraq
8348:Quinhagak
8273:Tuutalgaq
8223:Ohog Inc.
8211:Ohagamiut
8160:NGTA Inc.
8152:Negtemiut
8148:Nightmute
8110:Cetuyaraq
8068:Napaskiaq
8064:Napaskiak
8022:Napaimute
7901:Manokotak
7834:Kwik Inc.
7763:Kangirnaq
7738:Koliganek
7721:Qarr'unaq
7679:Kassigluq
7367:Qipcarpak
7325:culunivik
7258:Chefornak
7137:Alaqnaqiq
7133:Aleknagik
7055:Community
7049:(ANCSA).
6783:Christmas
6648:were the
6626:Christian
6606:ircenrraq
6594:egacuayak
6586:cingssiik
6567:u͡gayaran
6543:tengempak
6515:muruayuli
6499:itqiirpak
6487:cissirpak
6396:angalkuut
6390:angalkuuk
6355:based on
6353:shamanism
6313:Shamanism
6266:mousefood
6243:epidermis
6199:fish head
6196:fermented
6127:amaqaayak
6111:taryaqvak
6103:kangitneq
6048:mayurrvik
6032:qulrarvik
6024:qulvarvik
5970:shellfish
5934:walrusses
5819:skill toy
5803:jump-rope
5765:qelutviaq
5711:angalkuut
5453:uivqurraq
5449:wood knot
5401:igaruarun
5388:yaaruilta
5384:qulirarta
5294:fairytale
5125:Education
4968:Speakers
4879:enclitics
4871:postbases
4838:near the
4813:toboggans
4748:dog sleds
4707:ayaperwig
4675:ayapervik
4663:driftwood
4561:snowshoes
4541:dog sleds
4280:gathering
4143:Ptarmigan
3490:Porcupine
2683:Whitefish
2306:Manokotak
2253:subarctic
2203:Aglurmiut
2129:Kusquqvak
2081:Quinhagak
2061:Chefornak
2018:Qaluuyaaq
1982:Mararmiut
1934:pisalriit
1738:qasgiruaq
1636:Residence
1622:nukalpiaq
1615:Itruka'ar
1607:nukalpiaq
1603:Nukalpiaq
1561:Community
1508:uivqurraq
1431:tegganret
1425:tegganrek
1234:qulirarta
1165:from the
965:Kuskokwim
867:Uqayuiḷat
714:Nunivak (
526:Singular
517:Singular
425:The form
84:Languages
11659:Siberian
11587:Gwichʼin
11582:Denaʼina
11502:Category
11476:European
11409:Chaplino
11404:Yupighyt
11399:Chukotka
10902:29 March
10848:12056499
10630:(1906),
10563:. 1984.
10503:Archived
10318:(1998),
9983:Archived
9929:Archived
9911:Archived
9888:Archived
9869:Archived
9741:Archived
9661:Archived
9484:(1994).
8996:Archived
8839:See also
8577:Tuluksak
8539:Tuyuryaq
8498:Stebbins
8481:Qinuyang
8394:Negeqliq
8373:Iqugmiut
8311:Platinum
8085:Newhalen
8043:Napakiak
8026:Napamiut
7947:Mikuryar
7943:Mekoryuk
7922:Marshall
7843:Levelock
7805:Kuiggluk
7801:Kwethluk
7742:Qalirneq
7717:Kokhanok
7675:Kasigluk
7658:Illiamna
7570:Hamilton
7553:Mamterat
7432:Igyagiiq
7409:Ekvicuaq
7112:Alakanuk
7074:Akiacuaq
7070:Akiachak
7020:immunity
7016:diseases
6973:epidemic
6969:pandemic
6961:quserpak
6883:boroughs
6816:diabetes
6772:Akuluraq
6682:Iqugmiut
6674:Innocent
6638:Moravian
6634:Catholic
6535:quq'uyaq
6503:kun'uniq
6475:arularaq
6436:nepcetat
6430:nepcetak
6424:nepcetaq
6408:angarvak
6384:angalkuk
6377:angalkut
6371:angalkuk
6365:angalkuq
6337:caarrluk
6333:angalkuq
6308:Religion
6298:Petugtaq
6286:Nakaciuq
6208:botulism
6178:niqipiaq
6119:qakiiyaq
6044:mayurpik
5954:flounder
5758:Yurarpak
5740:Yurapiaq
5727:yurarvik
5717:(drum),
5691:tegumiak
5615:nepcetaq
5574:atkupiaq
5550:sealskin
5543:reindeer
5472:footwear
5467:clothing
5439:Clothing
5397:qucgutaq
5380:qanemcit
5349:qanemcit
5343:qanemciq
5302:qanemciq
5286:Qanemcit
5188:Facebook
5184:Internet
5173:Chevak,
5143:Tevyaraq
5081:Inupiaq
5018:Nunivak
4903:articles
4887:singular
4855:Language
4793:Gwichʼin
4569:ice road
4485:Kotzebue
3943:trapping
3876:trapping
3781:trapping
3679:trapping
3437:Sea lion
2900:catching
2826:catching
2752:catching
2685:catching
2569:catching
2516:catching
2449:catching
2389:catching
2345:Resource
2322:Platinum
2261:wetlands
2193:Tuyuryaq
2157:Nushagak
2103:Nunivaaq
2039:Kasigluk
2031:Akulmiut
2026:Tununak.
2006:Qaluyaaq
1970:Marayaaq
1938:pisalria
1928:meaning
1910:Pastuliq
1869:postbase
1823:firebath
1646:Stebbins
1549:Iroquois
1539:type of
1475:Tegganeq
1469:naucaqun
1457:taqnelug
1419:tegganeq
1399:clothing
1376:cuuyarar
1372:cuuyaraq
1365:yuuyarat
1359:yuuyaraq
1351:Yuuyaraq
1346:Yuuyaraq
1311:(1988).
1242:qanemcit
1021:Russians
948:reached
912:Dodinayu
803:Tarupiat
796:Tarupiak
789:Tarupiaq
661:Chevak (
514:Dialect
457:postbase
419:Tarupiaq
374:Denaʼina
287:for the
203:own name
122:Catholic
108:Religion
11692:Tlingit
11646:Chugach
11630:Iñupiat
11602:Koyukon
11488:Siberia
11419:Serinik
11374:Alutiiq
11323:Culture
10481:p. 69,
8623:Tununeq
8619:Tununak
8253:Paimiut
8131:Niugtaq
7985:Nagamut
7885:McGrath
7847:Liivlek
7654:Iliamna
7637:Igyaraq
7633:Igiugig
7528:Golovin
7511:Imangaq
7507:Emmonak
7388:Curyung
7346:Saguyaq
7175:Anyaraq
7116:Alarneq
7006:during
6955:or the
6909:of the
6895:suicide
6802:called
6781:During
6762:of the
6666:Tobolsk
6579:yuilriq
6555:tiissiq
6527:qununiq
6479:Bigfoot
6467:octopus
6443:tuunraq
6403:angalku
6357:animism
6349:Eskimos
6327:Yupʼik
6247:blubber
6235:mangtak
6214:Mammals
6166:Iñupiaq
6058:) is a
6056:elliwig
6052:ellivik
6040:enekvak
6036:neqivik
6005:mangtak
5990:caribou
5978:seaweed
5950:halibut
5946:herring
5921:cuisine
5919:Yupʼik
5887:Cuisine
5847:caribou
5831:Inupiat
5736:Yurapik
5707:ciuliat
5686:dancing
5590:tuunraq
5536:caribou
5532:caribou
5520:threads
5504:needles
5498:, also
5423:is the
5376:qulirat
5372:dancing
5327:qulirer
5320:qulirat
5314:quliraq
5310:Legends
5298:quliraq
5282:Qulirat
5276:Yupʼik
5192:YouTube
4979:13,702
4949:), and
4819:Culture
4781:Koyukon
4765:ikamrat
4759:ikamrak
4753:ikamraq
4515:of the
4501:Emmonak
4477:Iñupiaq
4467:In the
4354:picking
4278:Mussels
4145:hunting
4071:hunting
3874:Red fox
3591:hunting
3492:hunting
3439:hunting
3379:hunting
3373:Bearded
3259:hunting
3178:hunting
3090:hunting
3088:Caribou
3002:hunting
2222:Economy
2215:Iñupiaq
2165:Kvichak
2147:unegkut
2111:Nuniwar
2085:canineq
1956:Kuigpak
1936:(sing.
1892:Golovin
1804:qasgimi
1736:Wooden
1652:), 1900
1630:Iñupiaq
1626:umialik
1525:kinship
1519:Kinship
1514:(1930).
1494:Society
1438:teggneq
1238:qulirat
1083:Alutiiq
1045:Alutiiq
1011:of the
1005:Siberia
969:Paimiut
938:Siberia
924:Origins
919:History
862:Iñupiaq
767:Egegik
532:Plural
523:Plural
370:Koyukon
354:Iñupiaq
324:Siberia
275:by the
239:on the
225:Russian
154:Iñupiat
102:English
11622:Eskimo
11607:Tanana
11466:Russia
11445:Global
11414:Naukan
11391:Russia
11379:Yup'ik
11369:Alaska
11274:
10942:7 July
10846:
10689:Arctic
10567:
10496:p. 5,
10421:
10371:
10363:
9946:"YPCC"
9492:
9110:
8805:Uyaquq
8770:musher
8715:musher
8681:Qalqaq
8535:Togiak
8502:Tapraq
8315:Arviiq
8127:Newtok
8005:Nakniq
8001:Naknek
7868:Qalqaq
7780:Kotlik
7700:Qipnek
7696:Kipnuk
7532:Cingik
7428:Egegik
7283:Cev'aq
7279:Chevak
7213:Bethel
6851:qerrun
6847:qurrun
6839:sewage
6789:Health
6768:Jesuit
6745:Lenape
6724:Bethel
6662:creole
6650:Aleuts
6636:, and
6507:meriiq
6471:amlliq
6462:amikuk
6361:shaman
6329:shaman
6294:Kevgiq
6259:akutaq
6253:Plants
6231:Muktuk
6194:, are
6001:akutaq
5976:, and
5962:burbot
5823:Eskimo
5744:banned
5715:cauyaq
5699:qasgiq
5695:qasgiq
5671:cauyaq
5566:maklak
5562:qaspeq
5558:mukluk
5554:kuspuk
5548:) and
5534:(wild
5488:marine
5431:, and
5246:Cupʼik
5242:Chevak
5007:1,037
4985:9,080
4982:9,622
4911:elders
4899:gender
4893:, and
4891:plural
4883:number
4875:ending
4836:Bethel
4797:Tanana
4772:qamauk
4740:angyar
4733:angyat
4727:angyak
4721:angyaq
4638:qay'ag
4553:umiaks
4549:kayaks
4545:kayaks
4497:Kotlik
4487:, and
4276:&
4067:&
3677:Beaver
3589:Rabbit
3587:&
3375:&
2314:Togiak
2257:tundra
2237:Bethel
2197:Togiak
2173:Bethel
2163:, and
2139:Bethel
2065:Kipnuk
1996:Chevak
1926:paste-
1918:Kotlik
1884:Unaliq
1845:ngel'u
1837:igloos
1800:kiiyar
1793:qaygit
1787:qaygiq
1780:qasgit
1774:qasgik
1764:casine
1755:Qasgiq
1742:qasgiq
1674:qasgiq
1662:qasgiq
1658:houses
1650:Tapraq
1611:Kevgiq
1581:qasgiq
1547:, and
1479:tegge-
1409:Elders
1386:, and
1228:, was
1203:Qasgiq
1059:, the
909:, pl.
906:Dodina
903:: sg.
760:Cupiit
753:Cupiig
746:Cupʼig
739:cuuget
717:Cugtun
707:Cupiit
700:Cupiik
693:Cupʼik
686:cuuget
679:cuugek
664:Cugtun
654:Yupiat
647:Yupiak
640:Yupiaq
633:yugʼet
627:yuuget
624:(<
599:Yugtun
589:Yupiit
582:Yupiik
575:Yupʼik
568:yugʼet
562:yuuget
559:(<
496:Yupʼik
487:Cupʼik
473:Yupʼik
446:Yupʼik
440:Cupʼig
434:Cupʼik
428:Yupʼik
416:, and
413:Cupʼig
407:Cupʼik
402:Egegik
397:Yupiaq
387:Yupʼik
380:Naming
336:Naukan
316:Yupʼik
285:Cupʼig
281:Chevak
273:Cupʼik
245:Nelson
229:Alaska
218:Yupiit
212:Yupiik
206:Yupʼik
195:Yupiat
191:Yupiit
187:Yupiaq
183:Yupʼik
150:Naukan
130:Native
128:) and
98:Cupʼig
94:Cupʼik
90:Yupʼik
79:34,000
74:Alaska
39:Cupitt
11718:Yupik
11687:Haida
11677:Aleut
11670:Other
11635:Yupik
11572:Ahtna
11509:Inuit
11335:Thule
11023:(PDF)
11016:(PDF)
10968:4 May
10456:JSTOR
10394:and "
9815:(PDF)
8418:Taciq
7469:Iquaq
7465:Ekwok
7171:Aniak
7095:Akiaq
7091:Akiak
6686:Bible
6415:masks
6302:Keleq
6290:Elriq
6284:are:
6160:(sg)
6154:neqet
6152:(sg)
6095:sayak
6030:pl ,
5986:moose
5974:crabs
5958:trout
5930:seals
5850:sinew
5843:yo-yo
5839:bolas
5731:Yuraq
5682:yuraq
5623:masks
5619:agayu
5524:sinew
5516:crane
5508:bones
5496:birds
5476:skins
5405:equaq
5368:qasgi
4809:sleds
4801:Ahtna
4716:umiak
4667:sinew
4625:qayat
4619:qayak
4613:qayaq
4608:kayak
4592:kayak
4475:, an
4463:Trade
4352:Berry
4274:Clams
4069:Geese
4065:Ducks
3000:Moose
2750:Smelt
2291:angu-
2287:anqun
2251:type
2207:agluq
2169:kiani
2047:akula
2041:, or
1978:maraq
1866:-miut
1819:kayak
1762:, or
1543:with
1537:Yuman
1324:elder
1322:, an
1101:into
1079:Aleut
961:Yukon
930:Aleut
889:Dutna
778:taruq
529:Dual
520:Dual
502:Yupik
467:-piaq
392:Yukon
162:Aleut
158:Inuit
11682:Eyak
11272:ISBN
10970:2009
10944:2012
10904:2013
10844:PMID
10565:ISBN
10419:OCLC
10369:ISBN
10361:ISBN
9954:2014
9849:2014
9823:2014
9782:2014
9490:ISBN
9216:2014
9152:help
9108:ISSN
7486:Elim
7449:Ekuk
7041:The
7000:Nome
6951:The
6893:and
6814:and
6754:The
6710:The
6553:");
6481:");
6433:dual
6393:dual
6374:dual
6264:The
6174:niqi
6170:meat
6150:neqa
6146:fish
6144:and
6142:food
6075:Fish
5999:is,
5925:food
5901:and
5860:Doll
5841:and
5763:The
5633:The
5613:and
5580:Mask
5564:and
5500:fish
5482:and
5480:hide
5470:and
5378:and
5290:myth
5190:and
5021:153
5010:959
4999:244
4996:508
4993:752
4901:and
4895:dual
4826:The
4811:and
4787:and
4762:dual
4745:The
4730:dual
4713:The
4684:dual
4651:qai-
4641:dual
4622:dual
4605:The
4493:Elim
3585:Hare
2824:Pike
2381:Dec
2259:and
2161:Wood
2089:cani
2079:and
2024:and
2014:qalu
1994:and
1898:and
1890:and
1888:Elim
1841:iglu
1815:mask
1808:ena.
1777:dual
1715:enet
1699:dual
1676:and
1613:and
1467:. A
1447:dual
1428:dual
1247:The
1212:The
999:The
963:and
772:taru
732:cuug
630:) ~
621:yuut
614:yuuk
565:) ~
556:yuut
549:yuuk
482:Yuit
464:(or
461:-pik
437:and
372:and
364:and
283:and
267:and
247:and
215:dual
181:The
100:),
11592:Hän
11049:NPR
10398:",
9989:".
9127:doi
9100:doi
7405:Eek
7323:(?
6965:flu
6598:elf
6469:);
6410:).
6382:or
6249:).
6168:is
6121:),
6113:),
6105:),
6097:),
6026:sg
5968:),
5813:An
5775:or
5738:or
5528:ulu
5486:of
5484:fur
5415:Art
5354:or
5292:or
5027:61
5024:92
5013:78
4877:or
4692:or
2378:Nov
2375:Oct
2372:Sep
2369:Aug
2366:Jul
2363:Jun
2360:May
2357:Apr
2354:Mar
2351:Feb
2348:Jan
2077:Eek
1722:ena
1709:ena
1702:net
1696:nek
1686:Ena
1678:ena
1670:ena
1576:ena
1413:An
1353:or
1338:'s
1326:of
725:cug
672:cuk
607:yuk
542:yuk
480:or
478:Yuk
452:yuk
443:).
263:at
193:or
185:or
11714::
11224:.
11194:,
11089:.
11078:^
11047:.
10978:^
10932:.
10864:.
10840:51
10838:.
10832:.
10793:.
10782:^
10721:29
10719:.
10687:.
10559:.
10529:^
10462:^
10375:.
10331:^
10322:,
10257:.
10199:,
9998:^
9790:^
9672:^
9616:^
9588:^
9560:^
9528:^
9516:^
9504:^
9467:^
9408:^
9375:.
9344:^
9320:^
9257:^
9239:^
9207:.
9175:^
9143::
9141:}}
9137:{{
9106:.
9074:^
9064:.
9016:.
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