Chilean wine - Knowledge

22: 1500: 1629: 1621: 4308: 1934: 3874: 3582: 1759:, while reds must reach a minimum level of 11.5% ABV. To list a particular wine region, 85% is also the minimum requirement of grapes that need to be from that region. Among several labeling terms used to add further definition to a wine's style, the term "Reserva Especial" has no legal definition or meaning. However, there are aging requirements for wines labeled with other specific terms: for "especial," it is two years; four years for "reserva," and a minimum of six years for "gran vino." 3991: 38: 1768: 137: 1564: 1246: 872: 1948: 1491:. The volcanic soil in Malleco, composed mainly of sand and clay, are reasonably well drained. Although the valley has high rainfall, vines have to make extra effort to hydrate due to the well-drained soil, which results in less foliage and lower grape yields. All these factors produce grapes with more concentrated flavour and excellent structure, which in turn leads to the crispy and fresh wine produced in the region. 30: 368:

conditions increased, so did foreign investment in Chilean wineries. This period saw significant technological advancements in winemaking, and Chile established a reputation for producing high-quality wines at reasonable prices. Chile's export increased, becoming the third largest exporter, after France and

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than any European vineyard, viticulture here is possible because of the cooling influence of the Pacific Ocean, in the shape of cool morning fog and greater cloud cover than is found elsewhere in the north of Chile. Free-draining clay and sandy soils, whilst good for viticulture, encourage nematodes,

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flowing east to west has a moderating effect on the climate. The river also provides the different alluvial soil types found around the region, which included granite, red clay, loam and gravel. On the slopes where the vineyards grow, the soils are free-draining and more fertile on the valley floor.

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valley, where grape growers have access to high-quality water for irrigation. The region is characterized by a sunny, desert-like climate, less than 70 mm (2.8 in) of annual rainfall, dry rocky terrain, steep valleys and temperate hills cooled by strong winds from the Pacific Ocean and the

364:, which was dominated by European immigrants, vehemently protested against the free trade agreement as they perceived Chilean wines as a threat to the local industry. This, combined with the objections of the cattle farmers in Chile, ultimately led to the scrapping of the free trade agreement plans. 1746:

or viticultural practices. Varietal-labelled wines are required to contain at least 75% of the grape variety if it is to be consumed within Chile. Vintage-dated wines are also required to have at least 75% of grapes harvested in the named year. If it is to be exported, a varietal-labelled wine must

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There is not much vintage variation due to the reliability of favorable weather with little risk of summer time frost or harvest time rains. The main exception, again, is Casablanca due in part to its proximity to the Pacific. For the Chilean wine regions in the Valle Central, the Andes and Coastal

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Although European vines have been growing in the Curicó area since the mid-1800s, the modern wine production in Curicó began in the late 1970s when Spanish wine maker Miguel Torres decided to explore the capabilities of this area, bringing new technologies such as stainless steel tanks that are now

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to the north and Antarctica to the south) has left it relatively isolated from other parts of the world and has served to be beneficial in keeping the phylloxera louse at bay. Because of this many Chilean vineyards do not have to graft their rootstock and incur that added cost of planting. Chilean

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history stretches back to the start of colonisation. The valley was originally known for the quantity more that the quality of its wines, but in recent years it has attracted renewed attention. Since the mid-1990s, new technologies have been introduced allowing the region to improve the quality of

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This sub-region is located in the foothills of the Andes and is highly influenced by the mountains. The climate, cold during the night and sunny and hot during the day, combined with the poor, porous, rocky soil, puts the vines under stress which in turn produces a characteristically bold, elegant

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In the 20th century, political instability, coupled with restrictive regulations and high taxes, hindered the growth of Chile's wine industry. Until the 1980s, the majority of Chilean wine was considered low quality and mostly consumed domestically. As recognition of Chile's favorable wine growing

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Since December 1994, the Chilean wine-producing regions have been officially defined as follows, to help identify the different features of wines produced in different parts of Chile's variable geography. The Chilean ministry of agriculture redefined in a decree of May 2018 the zonal winegrowing

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grape Carménère that was thought to be extinct. The Sauvignon blanc vines were found to actually be Sauvignonasse, also known as Sauvignon vert, or a mutated Sauvignon blanc/Sémillon cross. In response to these discoveries several Chilean wineries began to import true Merlot and Sauvignon blanc

1435:. It receives 1,275 mm (50.2 in) of rain per year, among the highest of all Chilean wine valleys, although winds prevent excessive humidity – a phenomenon that can also be observed in northern France. For most of the 20th century, the main varieties grown in the Bío Bío valley were 1347:. It is the northernmost of Chile's three southern wine regions and stretches roughly 60 miles (97 km) from north to south and a similar distance from east to west, but although it is extensive, it has a low density of vineyard plantations. The area is defined by the convergence of the 1253:

Many hectares are grown organically and have been certified as organic for decades. The Maule Valley produces good value everyday wines of quality that has been improving over the years. There are also old-bush, dry-farmed vineyards that produce naturally balanced field blends of

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wineries have stated that this "purity" of their vines is a positive element that can be tasted in the wine but most wine experts agree that the most apparent benefit is the financial aspect. The one wine region that is the exception to this freedom from grafting is

1081:, sheltered by the coastal range from the cooling influences of the Pacific Ocean. Most of Cachapoal's noteworthy wineries and vineyards are located towards the east of the region, in the foothills of the Andes, away from the warmer valley floor. This is an area for 1194:. Curicó may have yet to produce a Cabernet Sauvignon to rival Maipo's red wines and its Sauvignon blanc still does not match the fresh, complex style found in Casablanca, but the valley is one of Chile's workhorse regions and its output is consistent and reliable. 1575:

style. Chilean vineyard owners would dig canals throughout their vineyards and then flood the entire surface area with water allowing some to seep into the ground and the run off to be funnel away through the canals. This encouraged excessive irrigation and high

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have been made since 1879, they have not yet established a significant place in Chile's wine portfolio. In recent years, the Pais grape variety has been creatively employed on its own or in blends, to make modern wines that have received favorable reviews.

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The climate is cool, with a high level of rainfall (51 inches or 1,300 millimetres a year), a short growing season, and high temperature variation between day and night, which is challenging for wine producers. Most vineyards are located around the town of

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wine region, the arrival of phylloxera in France became a positive opportunity for the Chilean wine industry. With vineyards in ruins, many French winemakers traveled to South America, bringing their experience and techniques with them. As a result, Don

2817: 1914:. For example, in the Berlin Wine Tasting of 2004, 36 European experts blind tasted wines from two vintages each of eight top wines from France, Italy and Chile. The first and second place wines were two Cabernet-based reds from Chile: 1544:

Ranges create a rain shadow effect which traps the warm arid air in the region. At night, cool air comes into the area from the Andes which dramatically drops the temperature. This help maintain high levels of acidity to go with the

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varieties, but many wineries are increasing experimentation in higher numbers. For most of Chile's history, Pais was the most widely planted grape only recently getting passed by Cabernet Sauvignon. Other red wine varieties include

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in blind tasting held in Berlin in 2004, a milestone for the Chilean wine industry. Although the valley is primarily known for the red grapes grown in its interior, white grapes are also now being grown in new coastal plantations.

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vines that are being used to produce soft, earthy red wines with rich plum and black-fruit flavours. Maule lies at the southern end of the Central Valley and is one of the coolest wine-producing areas in Chile, although the

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wines. Rich and volcanic soils predominate in the area, although certain parts of the valley have varying soil types, like the Empedrado area which is dominated by slate soils. The Maule Valley was one of the first areas in

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During the Spanish rule, the production of vineyards was limited, with the requirement that Chileans purchase the majority of their wines directly from Spain. However, in 1641, the importation of wine from Chile and the

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In the late 20th century as Chilean wines became more popular, wine tasters around the world began to doubt the authenticity of wines labeled Merlot and Sauvignon blanc. The wines lack many of the characteristics and

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introduced new technology and styles that helped Chilean wineries produce more internationally recognized wine styles. One such improvement was the use of oak. Historically Chilean winemakers had aged their wines in

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Valley and the Maule Valley. This is Chile's most productive and internationally known wine region, due in large part to its proximity to the country's capital, Santiago. It is located directly across the Andes from

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and vinegary wines imported from Spain, which did not fare well during the long voyage. They even went as far as to export some of their wines to neighboring Peru, with one such shipment being seized by the English

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The region is located at a latitude of 36°S, similar to southern Spain and Monterrey in California. The majority of its vineyards lie between 50 and 200 m (160 and 660 ft) above sea level with a moderate

1560:. Harvest typically begins at the end of February for varieties like Chardonnay with some red wine varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon being picked in April and Carmenère sometimes staying on the vine into May. 1017:

Area benefits from the coastal influence of the Pacific Ocean as well as the alluvial soils found here. Because of the oceanic influence, it is a popular place to experiment with white grapes, most notably

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from the east. With less than 4 inches of rainfall per year, drip irrigation is used to water the vines that grow in the mineral-rich soil. The combination creates fresh wines with a distinct mineral edge.

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beechwood which imparted to the wine a unique taste that many international tasters found unpleasant. Gradually the wineries began to convert to French and American oak or stainless steel tanks for aging.

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Financial investment manifested in the form of European and American winemakers opening up their own wineries or collaborating with existing Chilean wineries to produce new brands. These include:

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and is one of the largest wine-producing regions in the Central Valley, producing roughly a quarter of all Chilean wine. It is made up of two smaller sectors, the Cachapoal and Colchagua valleys.

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Some recommended Wineries from this area are: Altair; Casas del Toqui; Clos des Fous; Los Boldos; Misiones de Rengo; San José de Apalta; Terraustral; Torreón de Paredes; Vik; Viña La Rosa and

4192: 535:, but in the 1950s wine began to be produced on a small scale around Copiapó. Examples of wine from these valleys include "Vino Copiapino" (literally, "Copiapó's Wine") by Viña Fajardo and 358:

in 1909, which made war unlikely and facilitated trade across the Andes. The two governments agreed to establish a free trade agreement. However, the Argentine winegrowers' association,

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2001. The Berlin Wine Tasting of 2005 held in Brazil featured five Chilean wines in the top seven. In the Tokyo Wine Tasting of 2006, Chilean wines won four of the top five rankings.

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that most of Europe has based their wine laws on. Chile's system went into effect in 1995 and established the boundaries of the country's wine regions and established regulations for

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from the Pacific which can bathe a vineyard with a blanket of cool air. For the rest of Chile's wine regions, the Coastal Ranges serve a buffer from the current and also acts as a

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very common in Chilean wine industry. Torres’ endeavour encouraged foreign investment which led to increased plantings and exploration of suitable grape varieties for the area.

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would be the equivalent of southern Spain and North Africa. However the climate in Chile's wine regions is much more temperate than those regions, comparing more closely to

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Vines were first planted here in the mid-1980s during the revitalization of the Chilean wine industry and the area quickly became known for its white wines, most notably

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Chile's export of wines to Argentina was hindered by the lack of efficient land transportation and several fears of war. The situation improved after the signing of the

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at sea. Instead of being angry at Drake, Spain sent an indictment to Chile ordering to majority of their vineyards to be destroyed, but this order was largely ignored.

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producer. The climate in Chile has been described as a fusion of the climates in California and France. The most commonly grown grape variety in the country are

1182:. At the western end, the coastal range protects the valley from the ocean influence. Curicó Valley is planted with more grape varieties than anywhere else in 1178:

is cooler than the western side due to the breezes coming down from the mountains, and most of the biggest producers are located in this area of Curicó and in

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from this region. Chile's southern wine regions have more rainfall, lower average temperatures and fewer hours of sunlight than the northern wine regions.

1915: 595:(6,500 feet). Wine production began in the Elqui Valley in the 1990s when Chilean wine producers began to look at potential viticulture sites outside the 2692: 1637: 859:

for vines. Rains are concentrated mainly in the winter season and the vineyards require drip irrigation for the rest of the year, using water from the

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settling in Chile, bringing with them extensive viticultural knowledge. Today, Chile stands as the fifth largest exporter of wine globally and the

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of the same name. The wine industry here is still developing but good results are already being obtained, particularly from its crispy and fresh

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The size of the region permits a range of distinct microclimates suitable for both red and white wines, though it is best known for its powerful

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in the south. The climate is varied with the northern regions being very hot and dry compared to the cooler, wetter regions in the south. In the

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into Spain was banned, which greatly impacted the wine industry in the colony. The ban led to a surplus of grapes that were instead made into

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in the west. Most of the important Colchagua vineyards lie in the foothills of the Coastal Range. The area is best known for its full-bodied

2488: 700:. There are no wineries in either of these sectors, but vines planted on the rocky, foothill soils produce small quantities of high quality 628:

Vines were first planted here in the mid-16th century and have seen a recent resurgence, due to new technologies and winemakers seeking new

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La vid y el vino en el Cono Sur de América Argentina y Chile (1545-2019). Aspectos políticos, económicos, sociales, culturales y enológicos

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The small 1,098 hectare winegrowing area is well known for its red wines, which have earned international acclaim, with Vina Errázuriz's "

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1889 painting of the founding of Santiago by conquistadors. As the Spanish took over the native's land they brought grapevines with them.

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www.wine-searcher.com Published by Wine-Searcher.com | Last updated August 30, 2013 by Wine-Searcher Staff retrieved November 20, 2013.

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were introduced. During the early 1980s, the Chilean wine industry underwent a renaissance with the introduction of stainless steel

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where it is located, and stretches roughly 30 km (19 mi) east-west from eastern border of the Valparaíso province in the

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to where most bottles labeled Merlot and Sauvignon blanc from vintages in the 21st century are more likely to be those varieties.

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that grapes develop with the long hours of uninterrupted sunshine that they get during the day. The result is a unique profile of

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Chilean winemakers have been developing a distinct style for their Cabernet Sauvignon, producing an easy drinking wine with soft

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its wines. Despite this, some of Maule's old techniques have survived and the region is fast becoming known for some 70-year-old

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Colchagua Valley is one of the best-known wine regions of Chile. It occupies the southern part of Rapel Valley, running from the

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to sustain vineyards, getting the necessary water from melting snow caps in the Andes. In the developing wine regions along the

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contains three wine-producing sub regions: Elqui, Limarí and Choapa, all are coterminous with the provinces of the same name.

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In red, the "Ancient Chile" within the Captaincy General of Chile during the colonial era, the largest wine-growing area today

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and in the far south, there is not a lack in needed rainfall but vineyard owners have to deal with other factors such as the

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level which has some impact on the grapevines. Vineyards in the Maule also suffer from low potassium as well as deficient

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brought the European vines to the region in 1554. According to local legend, the first vines were planted by conquistador

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which had a negative effect on quality. During the wine renaissance of the 1980s & 1990s more vineyards converted to

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Published by Wine-Searcher.com | Last updated September 20, 2013 by Wine-Searcher Staff, retrieved on October 16, 2013.

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Lacoste, Pablo. 2004. Vinos, carnes, ferrocarriles y el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Argentina y Chile (1905–1910).

327: 4788: 2892: 2463: 2192: 2143: 2117: 2079: 2049: 376:. The focus has now switched to developing exports in other major wine markets such as the United Kingdom and Japan. 254:, traveled across Chile and brought back to England a positive review of Chilean Muscatel, comparing it favorably to 175:

priests were responsible for cultivating these early vineyards and used the wine produced for the celebration of the

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Chile has benefited from an influx of foreign investment and winemaking talent that began in the late 20th century.

4915: 922:. Advances in viticultural techniques have helped vineyards in these regions compensate for some of these effects. 844: 836: 776: 747: 101: 2386: 1367:. The valley's western border is the Pacific Ocean, which has a cooling influence over the valley due to the cold 492:

with average summer temperatures of 59–64 °F (15–18 °C) and potential highs of 86 °F (30 °C).

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to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Chile's vineyards are found along an 800-mile stretch of land from

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to manage his vineyard and produce Bordeaux-style wines. He saw the potential in Chile and even tried growing the

4859: 4496: 4368: 4348: 4259: 4240: 4112: 2867: 2015: 1150:'s capital city, at 35°S, a similar latitude to the southern tip of Spain. It is divided in two sub-regions: the 3181: 2578:

Published by Wine-Searcher.com | Last updated August 21, 2013 by Wine-Searcher Staff retrieved November 5, 2013.

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Published by Wine-Searcher.com | Last updated August 21, 2013 by Wine-Searcher Staff retrieved October 24, 2013.

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dominated landscapes of Colchagua, which is thus heavily planted with the clay-loving Merlot, to the mixture of

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Published by Wine-Searcher.com | Last updated August 2, 2013 by Wine-Searcher Staff retrieved October 25, 2013.

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Published by Wine-Searcher.com | Last updated August 30, 2013 by Wine-Searcher Staff retrieved October 8, 2013.

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Published by Wine-Searcher.com | Last updated August 9, 2013 by Wine-Searcher Staff retrieved October 7, 2013.

418:, the climate is dry with an average of 15 inches (38 centimeters) of rain and little risk of springtime 5388: 4899: 4530: 4343: 3834: 2780: 894: 427: 289:, wealthy Chilean landowners were inspired by their visits to France and started importing French vines. Don 2696: 1696: 527:, both of which are coterminous with the provinces of the same names. The region is known primarily for its 5264: 4535: 4491: 4338: 4289: 4144: 3975: 3839: 2517:

www.wine-searcher.com Published by Wine-Searcher.com | Last updated August 21, 2013 by Wine-Searcher Staff.

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of the same name. One of Chile's southern wine regions, it has become known for its crisp, aromatic wines.

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in the south. Wine production in this area is known for the variety of grapes, reliability and good value

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between day and nighttime temperatures. This cool drop in temperature is vital in maintaining the grapes'

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has a long history in the production of wine, with roots dating back to the 16th century when the Spanish

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vines, while closer to the coast, where the ocean breezes flow through the Coastal Range, more

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grapes with high acidity and low pH, which is increasing wine producers' interest in the area.

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began to study the vines and found that what was considered Merlot was actually the ancient

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contain 85% of the varietal listed on the label as well as at least 85% from the designated

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Cachapoal Valley occupies the northern part of Rapel Valley, located between the heights of

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to the west and the smaller Coastal Range to the east. The valley takes its name from the

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made from the Pais and Muscatel grapes. To increase their sweetness, the wines were often

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vines, and more recently, producers have begun to plant more modern grape varieties like

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Chile is a long, narrow country that is geographically and climatically dominated by the

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brought to Mexico in 1520. This grape variety became the ancestor of the widely planted

5169: 4953: 4803: 4755: 4733: 4718: 4682: 4486: 4463: 4443: 4378: 4316: 4160: 4066: 4005: 3754: 3259: 2235: 1467: 1419: 1392: 1259: 1215: 1187: 1159: 1119: 1082: 992: 974: 832: 705: 652:. The Pacific Ocean has a strong influence on the coast of the region with the cooling 580: 164: 105: 66: 2587: 2572: 1700: 1499: 943: 767: 4813: 4750: 4649: 4583: 4575: 4422: 4264: 4168: 3963: 3708: 3655: 3239: 2977: 2662: 2634: 2507: 2459: 2188: 2139: 2113: 2075: 2045: 1756: 1646: 1545: 1537: 1513: 780: 735: 727: 438: 231: 3176: 2560: 2526: 2439: 2333: 1628: 1320: 742:

commune is also gradually developing a reputation for high quality wine production.

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Despite its political ties to Spain, Chile's wine history was heavily influenced by

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The Andes also provide a ready source of irrigation which was historically done in

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Panoramic view of Viña Santa Cruz in Colchagua Valley in the Chilean Central Valley

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Many of Chile's vineyards are found on flat land within the foothills of the Andes.

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was the first to do so, bringing in varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot,

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in the 19th century was less impressed and compared Chilean wines to a "potion of

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rivers. The region is located at a latitude of 36°S, a similar distance from the

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Chile's topography with the location of most of Chile's wine regions highlighted.

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year. Exported wines also have to meet minimum alcohol percentage requirements;

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grape, which was the most widely planted Chilean grape until the 21st century.

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and smoke. The country's Chardonnays are less distinctive, following more the

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vines to Chile dates back to the 16th century, when Spanish conquistadors and

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and westward to the coast, stretching south toward the towns and subzones of

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himself. The vines may have originated from established Spanish vineyards in

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in the wine which some Chilean wineries claim make Chilean wines higher in

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dominates wine production here, but the area has also started producing

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The region's vineyards extend from the Pacific Ocean in the west to the

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1529: 1360: 1356: 1266:, and other yet to be identified varieties. Newer plantations include 575:. It is known for producing table grapes and other fruits, as well as 5063: 3660: 3550: 3530: 3466: 3446: 3436: 3396: 3334: 3216: 3156: 3057: 2902: 2301:

Chile north to south. Part 1, text and photographs 2010 Tom Cannavan

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wine, a varietal from Spain that is now produced successfully in the

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1775:

Over twenty grape varieties are grown in Chile, mainly a mixture of

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system which allowed greater control and helped reduce yields. The

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administrative territory, this region is divided into two valleys,

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noted widespread plantings of "the common black grape", as well as

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BY MICHAEL SCHACHNER www.winemag.com retrieved September 23, 2013.

1604:

found in other regions. In the southern Rapel and parts of Maule,

1355:, and vineyards plantations are mostly found around the cities of 730:

valleys. The Aconcagua Valley is coterminous with the province of

4077: 3859: 3665: 3416: 3269: 3244: 3171: 2907: 2245:

www.chanarcillo.cl September 17, 2009 retrieved October 10, 2013.

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Prometedora cosecha en la tercera region, Uvas que valen millones

1809: 1748: 1605: 1407: 1364: 1065:

that flows through Rapel Valley, along with its tributaries, the

1003:

soils and is the warmest and driest part of the Maipo, requiring

852: 848: 804: 693: 640:, first planted during the 1990s, and also successfully produces 629: 431: 263: 216: 3020: 2590: 2575: 2236:

Celestino Fajardo: El hombre tras la historia del vino copiapino

604:

Andes Mountains, producing excellent results for varietals like

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The Maipo Valley can itself be divided into three sub-regions:

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Diario del vino, November 6, 2006, retrieved October 10, 2013.

2226:

Diario del vino, November 6, 2006, retrieved October 10, 2013.

457:

plains of the Andes foothills along a major river such as the

4108: 4061: 3608: 3324: 3279: 3249: 2343: 2302: 1801: 1463: 1340: 1224: 1207: 1183: 1175: 1147: 1127: 1107: 1058: 701: 685: 657: 641: 605: 576: 528: 419: 399: 208: 121: 45: 1820:. White wine varieties include Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, 754:

and the surrounding mountains is used to irrigate the vines.

4020: 2876: 2832: 2112:, Third Edition, pp. 163–167, Oxford University Press 2006 1601: 1593: 1589: 1507:

Chile's natural boundaries (Pacific Ocean, Andes Mountain,

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is located 340 miles (550 km) south of the capital of

1440: 1380: 1308: 1300:, this area includes three wine-producing sub regions: the 1151: 239: 168: 160: 2772: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 1398:

The soils are alluvial, made up of sand and clay from the

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The valley's climate is varied. The eastern part near the

1077:. The climate of the valley is temperate and consistently 808:

so grafting onto nematode-resistant rootstocks is common.

726:

contains two wine-producing subregions, the Aconcagua and

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influences and severely affected the 1997–1998 vintages.

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Old barrels made of rauli wood outside of Concha y Toro.

41:

View of Chilean vineyards in the foothills of the Andes.

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as southern Spain or the central valley of California.

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It is located very close to the sea around the city of

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Navegado.cl – Promoting natural wines and agriculture

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stemming from irrigation from the Maipo river and low

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It lies within the narrowest part of Chile, where the

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is located roughly 470 km (290 mi) north of

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Most of Chile's premium wine regions are dependent on

2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2130: 2128: 2126: 1929: 1343:, and 65 kilometres (40 miles) of the major port of 734:

while the Casablanca Valley is coterminous with the

453:. The vineyards in these regions are planted on the 163:

and likely included the "common black grape", which

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DIARIO OFICIAL DE LA REPUBLICA DE CHILE Núm. 42.065

2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2652: 2650: 2283:www.winesofchile.org retrieved September 25, 2013. 230:In the 18th century, Chile was recognized for its 2255:Chile Enólogos destacan avances del vino pajarete 2164: 2123: 1612:soil being found in parts of Curico and Bio-Bio. 342:in 1870, both using grapes imported from France. 5370: 2681:Tapia P (2011), Descorchados, Santiago, Planeta. 2324:www.winesofchile.org retrieved October 10, 2013. 2085: 2074:, pp. 297–299, Mitchell Beazley Publishing 2005 116:. Chile is also fortunate to remain free of the 2647: 669:lies around 400 km (250 mi) north of 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 1202:is located 250 km (160 mi) south of 1142:is located 200 km (120 mi) south of 563:is located 530 km (330 mi) north of 179:. By the late 16th century, Chilean historian 58:vines to the region. In the mid-19th century, 4900: 4093: 3910: 3624: 2861: 1905: 1879: 1728:Chile's wine laws are more similar to the US 1699:, and Paul Pontallier, technical director of 843:. As in other Chilean wine regions, like the 488:and Bordeaux. Overall, it is classified as a 893:(VII) administrative regions as well as the 591:in the east, rising to an altitude of 2,000 96:The late 20th century saw a large number of 2421:Maipo: Chile's Cradle of Cabernet Sauvignon 2358:wineanorak.com/ retrieved October 13, 2013. 1278:with bright acidity and juicy fruit notes. 1249:Fiesta de Vendimia (Grape harvest festival) 934:and extends eastwards from the city to the 910:The soil of Maipo Valley is noted for high 875:A Cabernet Sauvignon from the Valle Central 815:is a small wine region known for producing 648:, with a climate similar to Marlborough in 4907: 4893: 4100: 4086: 3917: 3903: 3631: 3617: 2868: 2854: 1371:that runs along most of Chile's coastline. 2451: 2445: 1910:Chilean wines have ranked very highly in 1516:whose vines are susceptible to attack by 1073:rivers. All these watercourses flow into 2831: 2800:Movement of Independent Vintners – Chile 1766: 1627: 1619: 1562: 1498: 1443:(known as Missiones in USA), but today, 1244: 987:Corresponds to the area surrounding the 870: 866: 472:The vineyards of Chile fall between the 389: 379: 135: 36: 28: 20: 4128: 3809:Clarification and stabilization of wine 2207:, 25 May 2018, retrieved 5 August 2018. 2187:, pp. 543–546, Dorling Kindersley 2005 2138:, pp. 432–434, Simon and Schuster 1989 2044:, pp. 836–843, Workman Publishing 2001 839:and only 55 miles (89 km) west of 632:. The area is best known for producing 242:. After his shipwreck off the coast at 5371: 2656: 2628: 2149: 1771:A Pinot noir from the Requínoa Valley. 1455:are also grown throughout the valley. 128:with phylloxera-resistant rootstocks. 4888: 4081: 3898: 3612: 2849: 2830: 2695:. TravelLady Magazine. Archived from 1588:of Chile's vineyards varies from the 4354:Fjords, channels, sounds and straits 881:Central Valley (Chilean wine region) 4914: 2486:Chilean Wine Regions: Curico Valley 2356:Seña, Errazuriz and Viñedo Chadwick 1762: 711: 13: 4107: 2693:"Cousino-Macul rules Chilean wine" 2690: 2606:. January 28, 2014. Archived from 2458:. University of California Press. 1755:must reach a minimum level of 12% 1335:, 420 kilometres (260 miles) from 546: 14: 5405: 3933: 2893:Annual growth cycle of grapevines 2795:Asociación de Viñas de Chile A.G. 2766: 2185:"The Sotheby's Wine Encyclopedia" 1281: 1227:where vines were planted and its 1186:, but the dominant varieties are 999:wines. This sub region has rocky 510: 250:, grandfather of the famous poet 4306: 3989: 3924: 3872: 3580: 1946: 1932: 906:'s most well known wine region, 732:San Felipe de Aconcagua Province 2737: 2711: 2684: 2675: 2622: 2596: 2581: 2566: 2554: 2535: 2520: 2501: 2479: 2433: 2414: 2402: 2380: 2361: 2349: 2327: 2308: 2286: 2267: 2248: 2229: 2210: 1735:Appellation d'origine contrôlée 851:, poor and well drained with a 495: 354:in 1902 and the opening of the 345: 328:Silvestre Ochagavía Echazarreta 238:, which concentrated the grape 3638: 2805:VIGNO – Vigandores de Carignan 2198: 2110:"The Oxford Companion to Wine" 2070:H. Johnson & J. Robinson. 2009: 1983: 1800:, Cabernet franc, Pinot noir, 1494: 1057:to the south, and between the 673:, in the southern part of the 1: 3835:Glossary of viticulture terms 2719:"Berlin Tasting, Brazil 2005" 2604:"The Chilean Wine Revolution" 2591:http://www.wine-searcher.com/ 2576:http://www.wine-searcher.com/ 2542:Maule Valley – Wines of Chile 1977: 1615: 1528:, which was spread easily by 1298:Bío Bío Administrative Region 885:The Central Valley spans the 722:The administrative region of 692:and consists of two sectors, 567:, at the southern end of the 428:diurnal temperature variation 4536:Comptroller General of Chile 3840:Glossary of winemaking terms 2745:"Berlin Tasting, Tokyo 2006" 2530:http://www.wine-searcher.com 2399:retrieved November 20, 2013. 2397:http://www.winesofchile.org/ 1723: 1466:, Santiago, and lies in the 1288:Southern Chile (wine region) 361:Centro Vitivinícola Nacional 120:louse, which means that its 7: 4761:Water supply and sanitation 2498:retrieved October 23, 2013. 2409:Antonio Valley – Chile Wine 2305:retrieved October 10, 2013. 1925: 10: 5410: 3760:Yeast assimilable nitrogen 2426:November 28, 2015, at the 2344:http://www.wine-pages.com/ 2303:http://www.wine-pages.com/ 2136:Vintage: The Story of Wine 1912:international competitions 1906:International competitions 1880:Merlot and Sauvignon blanc 1285: 878: 855:of clay, providing a good 715: 499: 383: 131: 5320: 5299: 5273: 5082: 4971: 4922: 4846: 4774: 4704: 4695: 4620: 4611: 4574: 4544: 4477: 4434: 4430: 4421: 4324: 4315: 4304: 4252: 4137: 4119: 4029: 3998: 3987: 3932: 3868: 3850:History of the wine press 3817: 3801: 3773: 3740:Sparkling wine production 3725: 3707: 3674: 3646: 3574: 3513: 3475: 3370: 3347: 3230: 3117: 3105: 2998: 2926: 2883: 2843: 2783:December 8, 2019, at the 2547:December 3, 2013, at the 2513:November 5, 2019, at the 2491:December 8, 2013, at the 2392:November 6, 2013, at the 2339:October 21, 2012, at the 2260:December 7, 2013, at the 1710:Château Mouton Rothschild 1687:Château Lafite Rothschild 4052:Natural regions of Chile 3845:Wine tasting descriptors 3566:Wine tasting descriptors 3495:Phenolic content in wine 3387:Alternative wine closure 2971:Great French Wine Blight 2875: 2452:Goldstein, Evan (2014). 1540:can also cause trouble. 1154:valley in the north and 779:takes its name from the 762:" placing ahead of both 502:Natural regions of Chile 3735:Malolactic fermentation 2657:Kolpan, Steven (2010). 2629:Kolpan, Steven (2010). 2373:March 26, 2019, at the 2222:April 29, 2009, at the 2072:The World Atlas of Wine 1995:appalachianvintner.com/ 1871:New World style. While 1697:Château Cos d'Estournel 1218:and aromatic and spicy 1130:. Colchagua has a cool 718:Aconcagua (wine region) 579:, Chile's most popular 422:. The proximity to the 258:. However, wine writer 5105:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2661:. Wiley. p. 215. 2633:. Wiley. p. 214. 2496:http://allrecipes.com/ 2455:Wines of South America 2320:April 1, 2014, at the 2279:April 1, 2014, at the 2274:See Elqui Valley Chart 2241:March 4, 2016, at the 1772: 1695:Bruno Prats, Owner of 1633: 1625: 1568: 1504: 1437:Moscatel de Alejandria 1319:has experimented with 1250: 876: 597:Chilean Central Valley 395: 144: 42: 34: 26: 4562:Investigations Police 4225:Presidential Republic 4201:Conservative Republic 4193:Republic Organization 3536:Wine and food pairing 2297:June 9, 2013, at the 1844:, Gewürztraminer and 1770: 1712:, collaboration with 1689:, collaboration with 1660:, collaboration with 1631: 1623: 1608:soil is present with 1566: 1502: 1433:Mediterranean climate 1377:Mediterranean climate 1248: 1132:Mediterranean climate 874: 867:Central Valley Region 490:Mediterranean climate 393: 380:Climate and geography 309:, and hired a French 139: 85:tanks and the use of 40: 32: 24: 5389:Agriculture in Chile 4531:Constitutional Court 4409:World Heritage Sites 4241:Democracy Transition 3187:Muscat of Alexandria 2751:on February 13, 2009 2610:on December 31, 2019 1972:Agriculture in Chile 1846:Muscat of Alexandria 1714:Concha y Toro Winery 1524:and hazards such as 1487:, just south of the 1385:Muscat of Alexandria 1317:Concha y Toro Winery 1100:The Colchagua Valley 1043:The Cachapoal Valley 895:Metropolitana Region 157:Francisco de Aguirre 147:The introduction of 16:Wine making in Chile 4599:Ministry of Defence 4047:Chilean wine routes 4042:Chilean land reform 3765:Yeast in winemaking 3717:Carbonic maceration 2588:Malleco Valley Wine 2573:Bio Bio Valley Wine 2527:Maule Valley Region 1962:Chilean wine routes 1681:Miguel Torres Chile 1120:Cabernet Sauvignons 1110:in the east to the 1030:is named after the 482:Northern Hemisphere 426:help create a wide 356:Transandine Railway 336:Maximiano Errázuriz 291:Silvestre Errázuriz 287:phylloxera epidemic 205:Viceroyalty of Peru 4673:Telecommunications 4067:Transverse Valleys 4006:Cabernet Sauvignon 3755:Traditional method 3556:Wine personalities 3260:Cabernet Sauvignon 2818:* Lacoste, Pablo. 2508:Curico Valley Wine 2387:San Antonio Valley 2108:J. Robinson (ed). 1991:"Wines from Chile" 1773: 1730:appellation system 1705:Domaine Paul Bruno 1634: 1626: 1569: 1505: 1418:is located in the 1393:Cabernet Sauvignon 1331:is located in the 1260:Cabernet Sauvignon 1251: 1216:Cabernet Sauvignon 1188:Cabernet Sauvignon 1160:Cabernet Sauvignon 1083:Cabernet Sauvignon 993:Cabernet Sauvignon 975:Cabernet Sauvignon 930:is the closest to 877: 833:San Antonio, Chile 813:San Antonio Valley 738:of that name. The 706:Cabernet Sauvignon 396: 145: 106:Cabernet Sauvignon 67:Cabernet Sauvignon 43: 35: 27: 5366: 5365: 4882: 4881: 4842: 4841: 4691: 4690: 4607: 4606: 4570: 4569: 4459:Political parties 4449:Foreign relations 4439:National Congress 4417: 4416: 4302: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4217:Parliamentary Era 4161:Spanish Discovery 4075: 4074: 3964:Casablanca Valley 3892: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3656:Late harvest wine 3606: 3605: 3343: 3342: 3240:Alicante Bouschet 2988:Judgment of Paris 2813:Wine Map of Chile 2778:Wine Source Chile 2668:978-0-471-77063-3 2640:978-0-471-77063-3 2561:Itata Valley Wine 2440:Maipo Valley Wine 2368:Casablanca Valley 1889:of those grapes. 1732:than to France's 1677:Catalan winemaker 1638:Flying winemakers 1538:verticillium wilt 1514:Casablanca Valley 1339:, the capital of 1292:Lying within the 1089:vines are grown. 1053:to the north and 1011:The Pacific Maipo 845:Casablanca Valley 837:Casablanca Valley 785:Valparaíso region 777:Casablanca Valley 750:, snow melt from 321:. Similar to the 98:French immigrants 5401: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4886: 4885: 4862: 4855: 4702: 4701: 4658: 4618: 4617: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4322: 4321: 4310: 4245: 4237: 4229: 4221: 4213: 4209:Liberal Republic 4205: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4173: 4169:Spanish Conquest 4165: 4157: 4135: 4134: 4126: 4125: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4079: 4078: 3993: 3919: 3912: 3905: 3896: 3895: 3877: 3876: 3633: 3626: 3619: 3610: 3609: 3585: 3584: 3500:Proteins in wine 3167:Grüner Veltliner 3115: 3114: 2870: 2863: 2856: 2847: 2846: 2828: 2827: 2809: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2747:. Archived from 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2725:on March 3, 2012 2721:. Archived from 2715: 2709: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2699:on July 24, 2008 2691:Beeson, Darryl. 2688: 2682: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2654: 2645: 2644: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2600: 2594: 2585: 2579: 2570: 2564: 2558: 2552: 2539: 2533: 2524: 2518: 2505: 2499: 2483: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2384: 2378: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2331: 2325: 2312: 2306: 2290: 2284: 2271: 2265: 2252: 2246: 2233: 2227: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2181: 2162: 2153: 2147: 2132: 2121: 2106: 2083: 2068: 2053: 2038: 2019: 2016:OIV press report 2013: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1987: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1942: 1937: 1936: 1763:Grapes and wines 1673:Miguel A. Torres 1586:soil composition 1369:Humboldt current 908:Mendoza Province 748:Aconcagua Valley 712:Aconcagua Region 515:Named after the 447:Humboldt Current 386:Climate of Chile 334:in 1851 and Don 181:Alonso de Ovalle 5409: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5394:Wine by country 5369: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5316: 5295: 5269: 5195:North Macedonia 5078: 4967: 4918: 4916:Wine by country 4913: 4883: 4878: 4865: 4858: 4851: 4838: 4824:Public holidays 4789:Beauty pageants 4770: 4687: 4656: 4603: 4566: 4540: 4521:Law enforcement 4473: 4413: 4374:Natural regions 4311: 4294: 4248: 4243: 4235: 4233:Pinochet Regime 4227: 4219: 4211: 4203: 4195: 4187: 4179: 4171: 4163: 4147: 4115: 4106: 4076: 4071: 4025: 3994: 3985: 3976:Southern Region 3928: 3923: 3893: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3879:Wine portal 3871: 3864: 3855:History of wine 3813: 3797: 3769: 3721: 3703: 3684:Deacidification 3670: 3642: 3637: 3607: 3602: 3587:Wine portal 3579: 3570: 3509: 3471: 3376: 3366: 3339: 3226: 3207:Sauvignon blanc 3142:Cayetana blanca 3110: 3108:grape varieties 3101: 2994: 2922: 2879: 2874: 2839: 2822:. Mendoza, 2019 2807: 2785:Wayback Machine 2769: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2669: 2655: 2648: 2641: 2627: 2623: 2613: 2611: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2586: 2582: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2549:Wayback Machine 2540: 2536: 2525: 2521: 2515:Wayback Machine 2506: 2502: 2493:Wayback Machine 2484: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2450: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2428:Wayback Machine 2419: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2394:Wayback Machine 2385: 2381: 2375:Wayback Machine 2366: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2341:Wayback Machine 2334:VIÑA DE MARTINO 2332: 2328: 2322:Wayback Machine 2313: 2309: 2299:Wayback Machine 2291: 2287: 2281:Wayback Machine 2272: 2268: 2262:Wayback Machine 2253: 2249: 2243:Wayback Machine 2234: 2230: 2224:Wayback Machine 2215: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2182: 2165: 2154: 2150: 2133: 2124: 2107: 2086: 2069: 2056: 2039: 2022: 2014: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1938: 1931: 1928: 1916:Viñedo Chadwick 1908: 1882: 1873:sparkling wines 1855:and flavors of 1765: 1744:grape varieties 1726: 1701:Château Margaux 1618: 1582:drip irrigation 1497: 1453:Sauvignon blanc 1290: 1284: 1192:Sauvignon blanc 1164:Sauvignon blanc 1063:Cachapoal river 1020:Sauvignon blanc 1005:drip irrigation 920:nitrogen levels 883: 869: 835:, south of the 821:Sauvignon blanc 793:Sauvignon blanc 768:Château Margaux 720: 714: 622:Coquimbo region 589:Andes Mountains 573:Coquimbo Region 553:Coquimbo Region 549: 547:Coquimbo Region 513: 504: 498: 388: 382: 348: 332:Ochagavia Wines 303:Sauvignon blanc 277:, specifically 134: 124:do not require 102:seventh largest 17: 12: 11: 5: 5407: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5384:Chilean drinks 5381: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5277: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5267: 5265:United Kingdom 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5125:Czech Republic 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4975: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4912: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4889: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4864: 4863: 4856: 4848: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4663:Stock Exchange 4660: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4580: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4435: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4369:National parks 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4349:Extreme points 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4244:(1990–Present) 4238: 4230: 4222: 4214: 4206: 4198: 4190: 4182: 4174: 4166: 4158: 4141: 4139: 4132: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4105: 4104: 4097: 4090: 4082: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4057:New World wine 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4033: 4031: 4030:Related topics 4027: 4026: 4024: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3971:Central Valley 3968: 3967: 3966: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3944: 3938: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3899: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3883: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3811: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3779: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3745:Sugars in wine 3742: 3737: 3731: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3701: 3696: 3694:Chaptalization 3691: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3636: 3635: 3628: 3621: 3613: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3569: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3521:Classification 3517: 3515: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3505:Sugars in wine 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3481: 3479: 3477:Wine chemistry 3473: 3472: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3452:Wine dispenser 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3381: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3255:Cabernet Franc 3252: 3247: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3222:Welschriesling 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3177:Müller-Thurgau 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3123: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2991: 2990: 2980: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2944:Ancient Greece 2941: 2932: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2889: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2873: 2872: 2865: 2858: 2850: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2825: 2824: 2815: 2810: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2790:Wines of Chile 2787: 2775: 2768: 2767:External links 2765: 2763: 2762: 2736: 2710: 2683: 2674: 2667: 2659:Exploring Wine 2646: 2639: 2631:Exploring Wine 2621: 2595: 2580: 2565: 2553: 2534: 2519: 2500: 2478: 2464: 2444: 2432: 2413: 2401: 2379: 2360: 2348: 2326: 2307: 2285: 2266: 2247: 2228: 2209: 2197: 2183:T. Stevenson. 2163: 2148: 2122: 2084: 2054: 2042:The Wine Bible 2020: 2008: 1997:. June 4, 2009 1981: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1943: 1927: 1924: 1907: 1904: 1891:Ampelographers 1881: 1878: 1822:Sauvignon vert 1764: 1761: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1707: 1693: 1684: 1670: 1662:Viña Errázuriz 1658:Robert Mondavi 1617: 1614: 1534:Powdery mildew 1522:grape diseases 1509:Atacama Desert 1496: 1493: 1489:Bio Bio Valley 1480: 1479: 1428: 1427: 1416:Bío-Bío Valley 1373: 1372: 1321:Gewürztraminer 1286:Main article: 1283: 1282:Southern Chile 1280: 1272:Cabernet Franc 1212: 1211: 1168: 1167: 1104: 1103: 1101: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1015: 1014: 1012: 985: 984: 982: 970: 969: 967: 960: 959: 879:Main article: 868: 865: 829: 828: 789: 788: 764:Château Lafite 756: 755: 716:Main article: 713: 710: 682: 681: 626: 625: 585: 584: 569:Atacama Desert 548: 545: 517:Atacama Region 512: 511:Atacama Region 509: 497: 494: 480:which, in the 476:of 32 and 38° 443:Coastal Ranges 408:Bio-Bio Region 404:Atacama Region 381: 378: 352:Pactos de Mayo 347: 344: 340:Viña Errázuriz 295:Cabernet franc 149:Vitis vinifera 133: 130: 79:Cabernet Franc 55:Vitis vinifera 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5406: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5321:South America 5319: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5292: 5291:United States 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274:North America 5272: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5170:Liechtenstein 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4970: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4898: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4887: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4610: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4545:Public safety 4543: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4526:Supreme Court 4524: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4502: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4242: 4239: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4223: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4207: 4202: 4199: 4194: 4191: 4186: 4183: 4178: 4175: 4170: 4167: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3913: 3908: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3897: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3622: 3620: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3490:Acids in wine 3488: 3486: 3485:Aroma of wine 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3374: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3349:Major regions 3346: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3305:Montepulciano 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3096: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2859: 2857: 2852: 2851: 2848: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2823: 2821: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2698: 2694: 2687: 2678: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2651: 2642: 2636: 2632: 2625: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2592: 2589: 2584: 2577: 2574: 2569: 2562: 2557: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2504: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2487: 2482: 2471:September 30, 2467: 2465:9780520273931 2461: 2457: 2456: 2448: 2441: 2436: 2429: 2425: 2422: 2417: 2410: 2405: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2383: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2352: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2315:Limarí Valley 2311: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2251: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2232: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2193:0-7566-1324-8 2190: 2186: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2160: 2159: 2152: 2145: 2144:0-671-68702-6 2141: 2137: 2131: 2129: 2127: 2119: 2118:0-19-860990-6 2115: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2081: 2080:1-84000-332-4 2077: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2051: 2050:1-56305-434-5 2047: 2043: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2018:October 2015. 2017: 2012: 1996: 1992: 1986: 1982: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1930: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1895:Bordeaux wine 1892: 1888: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1869:stereotypical 1866: 1862: 1861:black currant 1858: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1842:Pedro Ximénez 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1769: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1630: 1622: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1565: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1501: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1315:, though the 1314: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140:Curicó Valley 1137: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1112:Coastal Range 1109: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1079:Mediterranean 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1021: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 983: 981:Central Maipo 980: 979: 978: 976: 968: 965: 964: 963: 957: 953: 952:Isla de Maipo 949: 945: 941: 940:Padre Hurtado 937: 933: 929: 925: 924: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 900: 896: 892: 888: 882: 873: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 826: 822: 818: 814: 811: 810: 809: 806: 802: 799:, as well as 798: 794: 786: 782: 778: 774: 773: 772: 769: 765: 761: 753: 749: 745: 744: 743: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 719: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 690:Coastal Range 687: 679: 676: 672: 668: 667:Choapa Valley 664: 663: 662: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 623: 619: 615: 614:Limarí Valley 611: 610: 609: 607: 602: 598: 594: 590: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557: 556: 554: 544: 542: 541:Huasco Valley 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 508: 503: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 470: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 412:Valle Central 409: 405: 401: 392: 387: 377: 375: 371: 365: 363: 362: 357: 353: 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 285:. Before the 284: 280: 276: 271: 269: 265: 261: 260:André Jullien 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 228: 226: 225:Francis Drake 223: 218: 214: 210: 206: 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 165:Hernán Cortés 162: 158: 154: 150: 142: 138: 129: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 94: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 61: 57: 56: 51: 50:conquistadors 47: 39: 33:Chilean wines 31: 23: 19: 5379:Chilean wine 5342: 4954:South Africa 4714:Demographics 4635:Central Bank 4504:Human rights 4492:Constitution 4275:Expansionism 4185:Independence 3952:Elqui Valley 3934:Wine regions 3926:Chilean wine 3925: 3870: 3727:Fermentation 3578: 3561:Wine tasting 3182:Muscat blanc 3152:Chenin blanc 2949:Ancient Rome 2819: 2808:(in Spanish) 2753:. Retrieved 2749:the original 2739: 2727:. Retrieved 2723:the original 2713: 2701:. Retrieved 2697:the original 2686: 2677: 2658: 2630: 2624: 2612:. Retrieved 2608:the original 2598: 2583: 2568: 2556: 2537: 2522: 2503: 2481: 2469:. Retrieved 2454: 2447: 2435: 2416: 2404: 2382: 2363: 2351: 2329: 2310: 2288: 2269: 2250: 2231: 2212: 2200: 2184: 2156: 2151: 2135: 2134:H. Johnson. 2109: 2071: 2041: 2040:K. MacNeil. 2011: 1999:. Retrieved 1994: 1985: 1954:Chile portal 1909: 1883: 1850: 1798:Petite Sirah 1774: 1733: 1727: 1717: 1665: 1652: 1635: 1570: 1558:antioxidants 1542: 1526:downy mildew 1506: 1481: 1429: 1397: 1374: 1353:Ñuble Rivers 1333:Ñuble Region 1329:Itata Valley 1302:Itata Valley 1291: 1252: 1213: 1200:Maule Valley 1173: 1169: 1105: 1094:Viña Tipaume 1091: 1048: 1028:Rapel Valley 1016: 986: 971: 961: 928:Maipo Valley 884: 830: 790: 757: 721: 683: 627: 586: 561:Elqui Valley 550: 533:table grapes 514: 505: 496:Wine regions 471: 467:Maule Rivers 436: 397: 366: 359: 349: 346:20th century 338:established 272: 229: 201: 153:missionaries 148: 146: 141:Pedro Lira's 95: 89:barrels for 83:fermentation 53: 44: 18: 5312:New Zealand 5255:Switzerland 5200:Netherlands 5049:Philippines 4729:Immigration 4630:Aquaculture 4625:Agriculture 4557:Gendarmerie 4552:Carabineros 4404:Lighthouses 4344:Environment 4339:Earthquakes 4260:Agriculture 4236:(1973–1990) 4228:(1925–1973) 4220:(1891–1925) 4212:(1861–1891) 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press 3689:Destemming 3640:Winemaking 3546:Wine fraud 3541:Wine fault 3526:Oenophilia 3462:Wine label 3457:Wine glass 3422:Port tongs 3320:Sangiovese 3315:Pinot noir 3275:Douce noir 3202:Rkatsiteli 3147:Chardonnay 3137:Catarratto 3111:by acreage 3085:Biodynamic 3048:Aromatized 2837:winemaking 1978:References 1967:Winemaking 1806:Sangiovese 1691:Los Vascos 1645:made from 1616:Winemaking 1550:flavonoids 1546:ripe fruit 1476:Pinot noir 1472:Chardonnay 1449:Chardonnay 1445:Pinot noir 1345:Concepción 1124:Carmeneres 1075:Lake Rapel 1071:Cortaderal 1036:Lake Rapel 966:Alto Maipo 825:Chardonnay 817:Pinot noir 801:Pinot noir 797:Chardonnay 728:Casablanca 724:Valparaíso 654:Camanchaca 646:Pinot noir 638:Chardonnay 500:See also: 486:California 439:irrigation 384:See also: 311:oenologist 283:winemaking 252:Lord Byron 248:John Byron 246:, Admiral 122:grapevines 118:phylloxera 5328:Argentina 5307:Australia 5044:Palestine 4814:Mythology 4756:Squatting 4734:Languages 4719:Education 4683:Transport 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5235:Slovakia 5210:Portugal 5110:Bulgaria 5064:Thailand 4979:Abkhazia 4959:Tanzania 4939:Ethiopia 4869:Category 4751:Religion 4650:Forestry 4576:Military 4514:Intersex 4423:Politics 4285:Maritime 4270:Economic 4265:Banditry 4253:By topic 4177:Colonial 4130:Timeline 4113:articles 3947:Coquimbo 3676:Pressing 3598:Glossary 3514:Industry 3407:Jug wine 3402:Decanter 3392:Box wine 3290:Isabella 3285:Grenache 3265:Carignan 3212:Sémillon 3197:Riesling 3192:Palomino 2935:Ancient 2918:Vineyard 2913:Veraison 2898:Oenology 2781:Archived 2545:Archived 2511:Archived 2489:Archived 2424:Archived 2390:Archived 2371:Archived 2337:Archived 2318:Archived 2295:Archived 2277:Archived 2258:Archived 2239:Archived 2220:Archived 2158:Historia 1926:See also 1900:cuttings 1887:typicity 1838:Torontel 1834:Viognier 1830:Riesling 1826:Sémillon 1818:Carignan 1718:Almaviva 1610:volcanic 1485:Traiguen 1468:province 1420:province 1389:Carignan 1337:Santiago 1256:Carignan 1234:Carignan 1204:Santiago 1144:Santiago 1055:Pelequén 1001:alluvial 944:Peñaflor 932:Santiago 912:salinity 849:granitic 841:Santiago 675:Coquimbo 671:Santiago 630:terroirs 618:Santiago 593:m.a.s.l. 565:Santiago 537:Pajarete 434:levels. 416:Santiago 330:founded 319:Riesling 307:Sémillon 279:Bordeaux 217:oxidized 189:Torontel 185:Muscatel 126:grafting 65:such as 5358:Uruguay 5333:Bolivia 5300:Oceania 5260:Ukraine 5215:Romania 5185:Moldova 5160:Ireland 5155:Hungary 5145:Germany 5140:Georgia 5130:Denmark 5115:Croatia 5100:Belgium 5095:Austria 5090:Albania 5074:Vietnam 5034:Lebanon 4984:Armenia 4964:Tunisia 4949:Namibia 4944:Morocco 4929:Algeria 4853:Outline 4799:Cuisine 4776:Culture 4697:Society 4678:Tourism 4613:Economy 4497:History 4384:Regions 4364:Islands 4359:Geology 4334:Climate 4138:Periods 4121:History 3981:Austral 3942:Atacama 3860:Terroir 3818:Related 3666:Vintage 3648:Harvest 3593:Outline 3417:Muselet 3379:storage 3270:Cinsaut 3245:Barbera 3172:Macabeo 3132:Aligoté 3090:Organic 3080:Natural 3033:Dessert 2978:Georgia 2928:History 2908:Terroir 2903:Species 2001:May 17, 1853:tannins 1810:Barbera 1777:Spanish 1749:vintage 1683:in 1979 1679:opened 1643:barrels 1606:tuffeau 1530:El Niño 1460:Malleco 1408:Equator 1365:Coelemu 1361:Quillón 1357:Chillán 1116:Malbecs 853:topsoil 805:Equator 781:commune 746:In the 736:commune 694:Illapel 571:in the 521:Copiapó 432:acidity 414:around 406:to the 264:rhubarb 256:Madeira 193:Albilho 132:History 5338:Brazil 5286:Mexico 5281:Canada 5250:Sweden 5230:Serbia 5220:Russia 5205:Poland 5150:Greece 5135:France 5120:Cyprus 5083:Europe 5069:Turkey 5059:Taiwan 5024:Jordan 5014:Israel 4994:Bhutan 4923:Africa 4874:Portal 4829:Sports 4794:Cinema 4739:People 4668:Mining 4645:Energy 4389:Rivers 4329:Cities 4280:Mining 4152:–1536 4111: 4016:Merlot 3825:Winery 3788:Solera 3412:Kvevri 3300:Merlot 3295:Malbec 3095:Kosher 3071:Other 3026:Orange 2999:Styles 2966:France 2665: 2637: 2462: 2191: 2142: 2116: 2078: 2048: 1865:olives 1816:, and 1814:Malbec 1786:Merlot 1781:French 1578:yields 1451:, and 1424:region 1379:suits 1274:, and 1268:Merlot 1264:Malbec 1180:Molina 1156:Lontue 1128:Syrahs 899:Curicó 678:Region 581:liquor 525:Huasco 455:valley 317:grape 305:, and 299:Malbec 275:French 236:boiled 197:Mollar 195:, and 173:Jesuit 112:, and 110:Merlot 77:, and 71:Merlot 5343:Chile 5245:Spain 5180:Malta 5165:Italy 5054:Syria 5039:Nepal 5019:Japan 5004:India 4999:China 4934:Egypt 4860:Index 4809:Music 4766:Women 4709:Crime 4655:Peso 4394:Lakes 4109:Chile 4062:Pisco 3775:Aging 3325:Syrah 3280:Gamay 3250:Bobal 3162:Glera 3127:Airén 3119:White 3075:Table 3063:Straw 3053:Fruit 3011:White 2954:China 2833:Wines 1802:Syrah 1647:rauli 1464:Chile 1404:Ñuble 1400:Itata 1349:Itata 1341:Chile 1306:boxed 1294:Ñuble 1225:Chile 1208:Chile 1184:Chile 1176:Andes 1148:Chile 1108:Andes 1067:Claro 1059:Andes 1051:Paine 936:Andes 891:Maule 702:Syrah 686:Andes 658:Andes 642:Syrah 606:Syrah 577:Pisco 529:Pisco 463:Rapel 459:Maipo 420:frost 400:Andes 370:Italy 323:Rioja 268:senna 240:juice 209:pisco 91:aging 46:Chile 5353:Peru 5009:Iran 4972:Asia 4784:Arts 4594:Navy 4589:Army 4509:LGBT 4290:Wars 4021:País 3377:and 3106:Top 3021:Rosé 2877:Wine 2835:and 2757:2008 2731:2008 2705:2008 2663:ISBN 2635:ISBN 2616:2016 2473:2017 2460:ISBN 2189:ISBN 2140:ISBN 2114:ISBN 2076:ISBN 2046:ISBN 2003:2020 1920:Sena 1857:mint 1779:and 1667:Sena 1602:sand 1600:and 1594:loam 1590:clay 1556:and 1536:and 1474:and 1441:Pais 1439:and 1422:and 1414:The 1402:and 1387:and 1381:Pais 1363:and 1351:and 1327:The 1309:Pais 1296:and 1198:The 1190:and 1162:and 1152:Teno 1138:The 1126:and 1069:and 1034:and 1026:The 954:and 926:The 823:and 795:and 775:The 766:and 760:Seña 704:and 696:and 665:The 644:and 636:and 612:The 559:The 551:The 531:and 523:and 465:and 266:and 211:and 169:Pais 161:Peru 4479:Law 4150:ACN 3783:Oak 3232:Red 3043:Ice 3006:Red 1757:ABV 977:. 270:." 87:oak 5375:: 4154:AD 2649:^ 2166:^ 2125:^ 2087:^ 2057:^ 2023:^ 1993:. 1863:, 1859:, 1848:. 1840:, 1836:, 1832:, 1828:, 1824:, 1812:, 1808:, 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