659:. The product of S.E./P.D.F. and efficiency can be called the power factor. There are two measurement standards of this quantity – ATA and IBO speed. ATA is defined as the initial velocity of a 350-grain (23-gram) arrow when shot from a bow with a peak draw weight of 70 ± 0.2 lbf (311.38 ± 0.89 N) and draw length of 30 ± 0.25 in (76.20 ± 0.64 cm). IBO speed is defined as the initial velocity of an arrow with a weight of 5 grains (0.32 g) per pound of draw weight. While many manufacturers measure IBO speeds using a draw weight of 70 lbf (310 N) and draw length of 30 in (76 cm), the IBO standard allows a draw weight of as high as 80 ± 2 lbf (355.9 ± 8.9 N), and does not specify a draw length. The average IBO speed for the majority of compound bows on the market hovers around 310–320 feet per second.
691:, or a composite of the two materials. Wooden arrows are not commonly used on compound bows because of their fragility. Most arrows in use today are of the carbon fiber variety. An important distinction arrow-wise between recurve bows and compound bows is that of arrow spine. Compound bows and target recurve bows with fully center-shot cutaway risers tend to be very forgiving in regard to spine selection. Modern compound bows are typically equipped with substantially stiffer arrows than an equivalent draw-length and draw-weight recurve bow would be. Another advantage of the center-shot riser is that the arrow need not bend around the riser (nearly as much or at all) during the shot. Fine-tuning may be accomplished by adjustment of the arrow rest, or nock point on the string, rather than by changing arrow-length and tip weight.
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back, the draw force becomes heavier with each inch of draw (and most difficult at full draw). Therefore, little energy is stored in the first half of the draw, and much more energy at the end where the draw weight is heaviest. The compound bow operates with a different weight profile, reaching its peak weight within the first few inches of the draw, and remaining more flat and constant until the end of the cycle where the cams "let-off" and allow a reduced holding weight. This manipulation of the peak weight throughout the draw (accomplished by the elliptical shape of the cams that change leverage and mechanical advantage) is why compound bows store more energy and shoot faster than an equivalent peak weight
387:. However, there are also other less common designs, like the Quad Cam and Hinged. Cams are often described using their "let-off" rating. As a cam is rotated, the force required to hold the bow in position reaches a peak and then decreases as the bow approaches maximum extension (a position known as "the wall"). The percent-difference between the maximum force encountered during the draw and the force required to hold the bow in full extension is the "let-off". This value is commonly between 65% and 80% of the peak weight for recently designed compound bows, although some older compound bows provided a let-off of only 50% and some recent designs achieve let-offs in excess of 90%.
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archer has gained mechanical advantage, and the least amount of force needs to be applied to the string to keep the limbs bent. This is known as "let off". The lower holding weight enables the archer to maintain the bow fully drawn and take more time to aim. This let-off enables the archer to accurately shoot a compound bow with a much higher peak draw weight than other bows (see below).
331:. This rigidity makes the compound bow more energy-efficient than traditional bows, as less energy is dissipated in limb movement. The higher-rigidity, more advanced construction also improves accuracy by reducing the bow's sensitivity to changes in temperature and humidity. In literature of the early 20th century, before the invention of compound bows,
367:, or occasionally wood, and able to withstand high tensile and compressive forces. The limbs store the kinetic energy of the bow – no energy is stored in the pulleys and cables. Draw weights of adult compound bows range is between 40 and 80 pounds (18 and 36 kg), which can create arrow speeds of 250 to 370 feet per second (76 to 113 m/s).
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Compound archers often use a mechanical release aid to hold and release the string. This attaches to the bowstring near the point where the arrow attaches, the nocking point, and permits the archer to release the string with a squeeze of a trigger or a slight increase of tension. The use of a release
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The pulley system will usually include some rubber-covered blocks that act as draw-stops. These provide a solid "wall" that the archer can draw against. These draw stops can be adjusted to suit the archer's optimum draw-length, which helps the archer achieve a consistent anchor point and a consistent
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AMO (Archery
Manufacturers and merchants Organization, the former name of the body now known as the Archery Trade Association) standard draw length is the distance from the string at full draw to the lowest point on the grip plus 1.75 inches (4.4 cm). Because the draw force may increase more or
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The relatively low holding weight of a compound bow compared to a recurve bow makes the compound more sensitive to certain shooting form faults when the archer is at full draw. In particular, it's easier for the archer to torque (twist) the bow around the vertical axis, leading to left-right errors,
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However, there are some youth-oriented compound bows with low draw weights that have no let-off and have a maximum draw length deliberately set farther than the majority of young shooters would reach. This effectively makes the bow function very similar to a recurve, with the draw length determined
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Some pulley systems use a single cam at the bottom of the bow and a round idler wheel at the top of the bow instead of two identical cams. This design eliminates the need for a separate control cable and instead uses a single long string that begins at the cam on the bottom of the bow, travels over
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Another important consideration is that the IBO (International
Bowhunting Organization) recommends at least 5 grains per pound (0.71 grams per kilogram) of draw weight as a safety buffer. This means a bow that draws 60 pounds (27 kg) would need at least a 300-grain (19-gram) finished-with-tip
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The design of the cams directly controls the acceleration of the arrow. What is termed a "soft cam" will accelerate the arrow more gently than a "harder" cam. Novice archers will typically shoot a soft cam whereas a more advanced archer may choose to use a harder cam to gain speed. Bows can be had
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As the string is drawn the cam turns and imparts force to compress the limb. Initially, the archer has the 'short' side of the cam, with the leverage being a mechanical disadvantage. High energy input is therefore required. When near full draw is reached, the cam has turned to its full extent, the
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The function of the cam systems (known as the 'eccentrics') is to maximize the energy storage throughout the draw cycle and provide let-off at the end of the cycle (less holding weight at full draw). A traditional recurve bow has a very linear draw weight curve - meaning that as the bow is drawn
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When a compound bow is drawn, the limbs are pulled in toward each other by the cables, unlike a longbow or recurve where the limbs flex in the direction of the bow string. This difference allows modern compounds to have limbs that are closer to horizontal instead of angled. The horizontal, or
611:" held within the bowstring that acts as a back sight, however front sights attached to the riser are allowable in other classes. Some front sights are magnifying and/or adjustable for targets at different distances. Some sights have multiple "pins" set up for targets at different distances.
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by the shooter's preferred anchor point. This removes the necessity to adjust the bow draw length or use a different bow for different shooters (or to change bows as the shooter gets older). An example of this type of bow is the
Genesis, which is standard equipment in the U.S.
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less rapidly, and again drop off more or less rapidly when approaching peak draw, bows of the same peak draw force can store different amounts of energy. Norbert
Mullaney has defined the ratio of stored energy to peak draw force (S.E./P.D.F.). This is usually around one
694:
Manufacturers produce arrow shafts with different weights, different spines (stiffness), and different lengths in the same model of shaft to accommodate different draw weights and lengths, matched to archers' different styles, preferences and physical attributes.
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Brace height is the distance from the pivot point of the grip to the string at rest. Typically a shorter brace height will result in an increased power stroke, but comes at the price of a bow that's less forgiving to shooter error and having harsher string slap.
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arrow. Shooting arrows lighter than this guideline risks damage to the bow similar to that caused by dry-firing, which can in turn cause injury to the archer or anyone standing nearby. Shooting arrows that are too light also voids most manufacturer warranties.
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and are designed to have great tensile strength and minimal stretchability, so that the bow transfers its energy to the arrow as efficiently and durably as possible. In earlier models of compound bows, the cables were often made of plastic-coated steel.
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at the end of each limb. The shape of the cam may vary somewhat between different bow designs. There are several different concepts of using the cams to store energy in the limbs, and these all fall under a category called
586:
Unlike traditional bows, replacing the string or cables or making adjustments to let-off or draw length often require a bow press, a specialized tool used for compressing the limbs, taking tension off the cables and
563:"parallel" limb configuration minimizes the recoil and vibration felt by the shooter when the arrow is released, as the forces going upward at the top limb and downward at the bottom limb cancel each other out.
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A bow's central mount for other components (limbs, sights, stabilizers and quivers) is called the riser. Risers are designed to be as rigid as possible. The central riser of a compound bow is usually made of
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Drawing a compound bow with the fingers increases the likelihood of torquing the bowstring, and thus derailing the string from the cams, thus often requiring the use of a mechanical release-aid.
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aid gives a more consistent release than the use of fingers on the string as it minimises the arrow oscillation which is inevitable when the bowstring is released directly from the fingers.
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The efficiency of bows also varies. Normally between 70 and 85% of the stored energy is transferred to the arrow. This stored energy is referred to as
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823:. The notes were made in the 1920s and describe composite bows as "compound"; the modern compound bow did not exist at this time.
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Arrow stiffness (spine) is an important parameter in finding arrows that will shoot accurately from any particular bow (see
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the wheel on top, and back to the bottom cam. A separate buss cable then connects the bottom cam to the top limb.
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A relatively larger number of moving parts requires additional maintenance and creates more points of failure.
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In tournaments, competition rules for compound archers allow bows with a sighting system, consisting of a "
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is more likely to damage or destroy a compound bow due to the greater amount of energy stored and released.
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383:. The four most common types of bow eccentrics are Single Cam, Hybrid Cam, Dual Cam and
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amount of force imparted to the arrow on every shot, further increasing accuracy.
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1111:"The Compound Bow: Twenty-five Years After Allen's Patent of December 1969"
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449: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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323:, and so the limbs of a compound bow are much stiffer than those of a
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304:, to bend the limbs. The compound bow was first developed in 1966 by
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94:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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858:"Compound Bow Brace Height and Cam Specs - Hunter's Friend Archery"
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834:"Compound Bow Cam Technology Explained - Hunter's Friend Archery"
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with a variety of cams, in a full spectrum from soft to hard.
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and also a plucked or snatched release can have more effect.
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655:. When transferred to the arrow it is referred to as
648:) but can reach 1.4 ft⋅lb/lbf (4.2 J/kgf).
666:Further information on the youth compound bow:
300:that uses a levering system, usually of cables and
152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
995:"How Far Can a Compound Bow Shoot? - Bow to Hunt"
882:"Video Tutorial: 2016 PSE Draw Length Adjustment"
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370:In the most common configuration, there is a
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593:Usually heavier than recurves and longbows.
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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533:at women's individual compound 3rd place,
509:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
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319:The pulley/cam system grants the user a
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821:"Tutankhamun: Anatomy of an Excavation"
521:
397:National Archery in the Schools Program
1619:
1543:World University Archery Championships
1125:Photos of compound bows from the 1970s
1087:The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 3
1069:The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 2
1051:The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 1
912:"Rules World Archery - see Chapter 11"
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447:adding citations to reliable sources
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150:adding citations to reliable sources
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363:Limbs are made of fiberglass-based
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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406:and cables are normally made of
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434:needs additional citations for
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280:shooting a compound bow at the
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42:or discuss these issues on the
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335:were described as "compound".
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415:Comparison to other bow types
1130:How does a compound bow work
1044:General and cited references
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616:Circumstantial disadvantages
7:
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535:2013 FITA Archery World Cup
310:North Kansas City, Missouri
90:the claims made and adding
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1204:Modern competitive archery
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1089:. The Lyons Press. 1994.
1071:. The Lyons Press. 1992.
1053:. The Lyons Press. 1992.
993:Kenny, Tim (2023-08-27).
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598:Circumstantial advantages
408:high-modulus polyethylene
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1209:World Archery Federation
804:Encyclopaedia of Archery
801:Paterson, W. F. (1984).
757:Construction techniques
572:Technical disadvantages
16:Type of bow for archery
1284:Austroasiatic crossbow
1214:World Archery Rankings
807:. St. Martin's Press.
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285:
282:2013 Archery World Cup
862:www.huntersfriend.com
838:www.huntersfriend.com
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356:and many are made of
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1548:Military World Games
1199:History of crossbows
1121:)—Extensive article.
972:Archery Country Blog
968:"What is IBO speed?"
522:Technical advantages
443:improve this article
321:mechanical advantage
306:Holless Wilbur Allen
146:improve this article
1516:World Championships
365:composite materials
358:7075 aluminum alloy
1117:2011-07-23 at the
974:. October 18, 2019
916:betteroutdoors.net
886:betteroutdoors.net
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1026:Texas Archery
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949:on 2015-04-02
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773:Laminated bow
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768:Composite bow
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460: –
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454:Find sources:
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432:This section
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265:Bow and Arrow
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246:Compound bow
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163: –
162:
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157:Find sources:
151:
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135:This article
133:
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73:This article
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21:
20:
1552:Continental
1497:Competitions
1354:Takedown bow
1299:Compound bow
1298:
1086:
1068:
1050:
1030:the original
1025:
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
988:
978:November 17,
976:. Retrieved
971:
962:
951:. Retrieved
944:the original
931:
919:. Retrieved
915:
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894:. Retrieved
890:the original
885:
876:
865:. Retrieved
861:
852:
841:. Retrieved
837:
828:
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746:Horse archer
721:Bow (weapon)
704:
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689:carbon fiber
682:
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505:
499:January 2017
496:
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453:
441:Please help
436:verification
433:
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354:carbon fiber
342:
339:Construction
318:
294:compound bow
293:
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144:Please help
139:verification
136:
106:
97:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1538:Universiade
1533:Paralympics
1422:Release aid
1344:Recurve bow
1252:Run archery
999:Bow To Hunt
668:Hoyt Ruckus
638:pound-force
545:recurve bow
404:bow strings
325:recurve bow
278:Erika Jones
1463:Bowhunting
1458:Bowfishing
1451:Activities
1442:Thumb ring
1407:Finger tab
1339:Mongol bow
1004:2023-08-28
953:2015-03-08
867:2016-04-22
843:2016-04-22
784:References
726:Binary cam
677:See also:
634:foot-pound
609:peep sight
581:Dry firing
469:newspapers
385:Binary Cam
352:alloy, or
288:In modern
172:newspapers
100:April 2017
84:improve it
39:improve it
1528:World Cup
1412:Fletching
1392:Bowstring
1387:Arrowhead
1368:Equipment
1359:Welsh bow
1271:Bow shape
789:Citations
716:Bow shape
402:Compound
350:magnesium
88:verifying
45:talk page
1621:Category
1606:Glossary
1596:Category
1561:Americas
1504:Olympics
1483:Popinjay
1349:Self bow
1304:Crossbow
1279:Arbalest
1245:Yabusame
1187:Japanese
1115:Archived
778:Self bow
731:Crossbow
710:See also
685:aluminum
346:aluminum
202:May 2012
1427:Quarrel
1334:Longbow
1319:Gakgung
1314:Flatbow
1192:Turkish
1182:Chinese
1177:History
1166:Archery
921:8 April
896:7 April
741:Flatbow
687:alloy,
587:string.
549:longbow
483:scholar
329:longbow
314:hunting
302:pulleys
290:archery
276:Archer
186:scholar
82:Please
1578:Naadam
1571:Europe
1556:Africa
1468:Bowyer
1437:Target
1432:Quiver
1397:Bracer
1223:Topics
1093:
1075:
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673:Arrows
642:joules
485:
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1521:Youth
1509:Youth
1375:Arrow
1033:(PDF)
1022:(PDF)
947:(PDF)
940:(PDF)
809:p. 39
679:Arrow
490:JSTOR
476:books
376:wheel
296:is a
193:JSTOR
179:books
1566:Asia
1266:yumi
1262:Bows
1091:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1055:ISBN
980:2023
923:2018
898:2018
751:Yumi
644:per
636:per
462:news
292:, a
261:Type
165:news
640:(3
547:or
445:by
374:or
372:cam
327:or
308:in
298:bow
148:by
86:by
1623::
1380:Ya
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