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Confederate
Congress. Efforts to levy taxes and to compel citizens to turn over their guns to the government were similarly unsuccessful. On January 3, 1862, Johnson requested a sum of $ 3 million ($ 92 million as of 2024) from the Confederate Congress to meet the provisional government's operating expenses. The Congress instead approved a sum of $ 2 million, the expenditure of which required approval of Secretary of War
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962:, the provisional government left Kentucky for the final time. Displaced from their home state, members of the legislative council dispersed to places where they could make a living or be supported by relatives until Governor Hawes called them into session. Scant records show that on December 30, 1862, Hawes summoned the council, auditor, and treasurer to his location at
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allowed to vote in whichever county they occupied on election day, and could cast a general ballot for all positions. In an election that saw military votes outnumber civilian ones, only four of the provisional legislators were elected to seats in the
Confederate House of Representatives. One provisional legislator, Henry Burnett, was elected to the Confederate Senate.
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the fate of the state to a convention that might "in a moment of excitement, adopt the extreme remedy of secession." The
Unionist position carried after many of the states rights' legislators, opposing the idea of immediate secession, voted against the convention. The assembly did, however, send six delegates to a February 4
752:. Though Davis had reservations about circumvention of the elected General Assembly in forming the Confederate government, he concluded that Johnson's request had merit, and on November 25, recommended Kentucky for admission to the Confederacy. Kentucky was admitted to the Confederacy on December 10, 1861.
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for a meeting on
January 15, 1863. Hawes himself unsuccessfully lobbied President Davis to remove Hawes' former superior, Humphrey Marshall, from command. On March 4, Hawes told Davis by letter that "our cause is steadily on the increase" and assured him that another foray into the Commonwealth would
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These elections demonstrated that a majority of the people of
Kentucky were opposed to secession, but they could not be interpreted as an approval of the war policy of the Lincoln administration, as was quite generally done at the north at that time. Perhaps the best explanation at that time was that
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on
January 25, 1861, articulated the position that the secessionists faced in the legislature, "Too much time has already been wasted. The historic moment once past, never returns. For us and for Kentucky, the time to act is NOW OR NEVER." The Unionists, on the other hand, were unwilling to surrender
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for the breakup of the United States. He asserted his belief that the Union and
Confederacy were forces of equal strength, and that the only solution to the war was a free trade agreement between the two sovereign nations. He further announced his willingness to resign as provisional governor if the
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farmer George W. Johnson chaired the committee that wrote the convention's final report and introduced some of its key resolutions. The report called for a sovereignty convention to sever ties with the
Federal government. Both Breckinridge and Johnson served on the Committee of Ten that arranged the
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On
September 11, the legislature passed a resolution instructing Magoffin to order the Confederate forces (but not the Union forces) to leave the state. The Governor vetoed the resolution, but the General Assembly overrode his veto, and Magoffin gave the order. The next week, the assembly officially
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and laws of
Kentucky, not inconsistent with the acts of this Convention, and the establishment of this Government, and the laws which may be enacted by the Governor and Council, shall be the laws of this state." The delegates proposed a provisional government to consist of a legislative council of
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to disband the meeting and arrest Breckinridge. Breckinridge, as well as many other state leaders identified with the secessionists, fled the state. These leaders eventually served as the nucleus for a group that would create a shadow government for Kentucky. In his October 8 "Address to the People
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while at the same time sharing many cultural, social, and economic links with the South. Unionist traditions were strong throughout the Commonwealth's history, especially in the east. With economic ties to both the North and the South, Kentucky had little to gain and much to lose from a war between
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during the Confederate occupation of Kentucky. Another major blow was Davis' 1864 decision not to allow Hawes to spend $ 1 million that had been secretly appropriated in August 1861 to help Kentucky maintain its neutrality. Davis reasoned that the money could not be spent for its intended purpose,
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With secession no longer considered a viable option, the pro-Confederate forces became the strongest supporters for neutrality. Unionists dismissed this as a front for a secessionist agenda. Unionists, on the other hand, struggled to find a way to move the large, moderate middle to a "definite and
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legislature on February 17, 1862. Kentucky was entitled to two senators and 12 representatives in the permanent Confederate Congress. The usual day for general elections being passed, Governor Johnson and the legislative council set election day for Confederate Kentucky on January 22. Voters were
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to Governor Magoffin requesting that the Commonwealth supply four regiments as its share of the overall request of 75,000 troops for the war. Magoffin, a Confederate sympathizer, replied, "President Lincoln, Washington, D.C. I will send not a man nor a dollar for the wicked purpose of subduing my
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on October 2. Bragg had been disappointed with the number of soldiers volunteering for Confederate service in Kentucky; wagon loads of weapons that had been shipped to the Commonwealth to arm the expected enlistees remained unissued. Desiring to enforce the Confederate Conscription Act to boost
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in Russellville. Burnett was elected presiding officer. Fearing for the safety of the delegates, he first proposed postponing proceedings until January 8, 1862. Johnson convinced the majority of the delegates to continue. By the third day, the military situation was so tenuous that the entire
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During the winter of 1861, Johnson tried to assert the legitimacy of the fledgling government but its jurisdiction extended only as far as the area controlled by the Confederate Army which at its height was over half the state. Johnson came short of raising the 46,000 troops requested by the
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sympathies while the governor was pro-Confederate. Neither was it able to gain the whole support of Kentucky's citizens; its jurisdiction extended only as far as Confederate battle lines in the Commonwealth, which at its greatest extent in 1861 and early 1862 encompassed over half the state.
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were planning an invasion of Kentucky. The legislative council voted to endorse the invasion plan, and on August 27, Governor Hawes was dispatched to Richmond to favorably recommend it to President Davis. Davis was non-committal, but Bragg and Smith proceeded, nonetheless.
950:. On October 4, 1862, Hawes was inaugurated as governor by the Confederate legislative council. In the celebratory atmosphere of the inauguration ceremony, however, the Confederate forces let their guard down, and were ambushed and forced to retreat by Buell's artillery.
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Late in the war, the provisional government existed mostly on paper. However, in the summer of 1864, Colonel R. A. Alston of the Ninth Tennessee Cavalry requested Governor Hawes' assistance in investigating crimes allegedly committed by Brigadier General
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Proceedings of the convention establishing provisional government of Kentucky. Constitution of the provisional government. Letter of the governor to the president. President s message recommending the admission of Kentucky as a member of the confederate
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Kentucky General Assembly would agree to cooperate with Governor Magoffin. Magoffin himself denounced the Russellville Convention and the provisional government, stressing the need to abide by the will of the majority of the Commonwealth's citizens.
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ten members (one from each Kentucky congressional district); a governor, who had the power to appoint judicial and other officials; a treasurer; and an auditor. The delegates designated Bowling Green (then under the control of Confederate general
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to discuss the formation of a Confederate government for the Commonwealth. Despite its defeats at the polls, this group believed that the Unionist government in Frankfort did not represent the will of the majority of Kentucky's citizens.
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508:; of the 125,000 votes cast, Unionists captured close to 90,000. Confederate sympathizers were dealt a further blow in the August 5 election for state legislators. This election resulted in veto-proof Unionist majorities of 76–24 in the
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was recognized by the Confederate States of America, and Kentucky was admitted to the Confederacy on December 10, 1861. Kentucky, the final state admitted to the Confederacy, was represented by the 13th (central) star on the
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requested the assistance of the Union and asked the governor to call out the state militia to join the Federal forces. Magoffin also vetoed this request. Again the assembly overrode his veto and Magoffin acquiesced.
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ambushed the inauguration ceremony and drove the provisional government from the state for the final time. From that point forward, the government existed primarily on paper and was dissolved at the end of the war.
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over slave legislation. Magoffin proposed a conference of slave states, followed by a conference of all the states to secure the concessions. Because of the escalating pace of events, neither conference was held.
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1908:; Ramage, James; Roland, Charles; Taylor, Richard; Bush, Bryan S; Fugate, Tom; Hibbs, Dixie; Matthews, Lisa; Moody, Robert C.; Myers, Marshall; Sanders, Stuart; McBride, Stephen (2005). Rose, Jerlene (ed.).
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and coercion against the secessionists. The majority coalition of Bell and Douglas supporters was seen as a solid moderate Unionist position that opposed precipitate action by extremists on either side.
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The government's financial woes also continued. Hawes was embarrassed to admit that neither he nor anyone else seemed to know what became of approximately $ 45,000 that had been sent from Columbus to
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unqualified stand with the Washington government." The maneuvering between the two reached a decisive point on September 3 when Confederate forces were ordered from Tennessee to the Kentucky towns of
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A pro-Confederate peace meeting, with Breckinridge as a speaker, was scheduled for September 21. Unionists feared the meeting would lead to actual military resistance, and dispatched troops from
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Prior to abandoning Bowling Green, Governor Johnson requested that Richard Hawes come to the city and help with the administration of the government, but Hawes was delayed due to a bout with
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during his latest raid into Kentucky. Hawes never had to act on the request, however, as Morgan was suspended from command on August 10 and killed by Union troops on September 4, 1864.
627:) as the Confederate State capital, but had the foresight to provide for the government to meet anywhere deemed appropriate by the council and governor. The convention adopted a new
891:. Following Johnson's death, the provisional government elected Hawes, who was still recovering from his illness, as governor. Following his recovery, Hawes joined the government in
854:. On April 7, Johnson was severely wounded in the thigh and abdomen, and lay on the battlefield until the following day. Johnson was recognized and helped by acquaintance and fellow
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There is no documentation detailing exactly when Kentucky's provisional government ceased operation. It is assumed to have dissolved upon the conclusion of the Civil War.
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Governor Johnson, despite his presumptive official position, his age (50), and a crippled arm, volunteered to serve under Breckinridge and Colonel Robert P. Trabue at the
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In a special congressional election held June 20, Unionist candidates won nine of Kentucky's ten congressional seats. Confederate sympathizers won only the
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sent a letter to the other slave state governors, suggesting that they come to an agreement with the North that would include strict enforcement of the
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821:. When the Confederate government eventually disbanded, the legality of marriages performed by these justices was questioned, but eventually upheld.
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On August 30, Smith commanded one of the most complete Confederate victories of the war against an inexperienced Union force at the
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to escape Federal authorities. Robert McKee, who had served as secretary of both conventions, was appointed secretary of state.
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provisional congress. Those appointed would serve for only two months, as the provisional congress was replaced with a permanent
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on December 27, 1860, to ask the legislators for a convention to decide the Commonwealth's course in the sectional conflict. The
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The majority of Kentucky's citizens believed the state should be a mediator between the North and South. On December 9, 1860,
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and President Davis. Much of the provisional government's operating capital was probably provided by Kentucky congressman
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controlled Frankfort, the only time a Union capital was captured by Confederate forces. During this occupation, General
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attempted to install the provisional government as the permanent authority in the Commonwealth. However, Union General
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the people of Kentucky desired peace and thought that the election of the union candidates was the best way to get it.
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Kentucky's citizens were split regarding the issues central to the Civil War. The state had strong economic ties with
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less than 1%. Historian Allan Nevins interpreted the election results to mean that Kentuckians strongly opposed both
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Seal of the provisional government of Kentucky, showing an arm holding the 13th star of the Confederacy. The motto
725:. In his stead, the convention elected Josiah Pillsbury, also of Warren County. The legislative council elected
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516:. From then on, most of Magoffin's vetoes to protect southern interests were overridden in the General Assembly.
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This article is about the Kentucky commonwealth government-in-exile between 1861 and 1865. For other uses, see
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on February 7, 1862. A week later, Governor Johnson and the provisional government followed. On March 12, the
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recruitment, Bragg decided to install the provisional government in the recently captured state capital of
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The provisional government took other minor actions during the winter of 1861. An act was passed to rename
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were chosen as the state's commissioners to the Confederacy. For reasons unexplained by the delegates, Dr.
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1049:"A Concise History of the Flags of the Confederate States of America and the Sovereign State of Georgia"
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to call a national convention to consider potential resolutions to the secession crisis, including the
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During the summer of 1862, word began to spread through the Army of Tennessee that Generals Bragg and
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On November 26, 1861, Governor Johnson issued an address to the citizens of the Commonwealth blaming
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1832:(Winter 1981). "George W. Johnson and Richard Hawes: The Governors of Confederate Kentucky".
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native John Quincy Burnham. The position of auditor was first offered to former Congressman
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817:. Local officials were appointed in areas controlled by Confederate forces, including many
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On November 21, the day following the convention, Johnson wrote Confederate president
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Kentucky senator and 1860 Presidential candidate John Breckinridge represented the
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Heck, Frank H. (August 1955). "John C. Breckinridge in the Crisis of 1860–1861".
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1886:, and James C. Klotter. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
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The council met on December 14 to appoint representatives to the Confederacy's
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was elected treasurer, but resigned on December 17 to accept a position in the
103:, was designated the Confederate capital of Kentucky at a convention in nearby
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the states. Additionally, many slaveholders felt that the best protection for
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reported that "the capital of Kentucky now being located in a Sibley tent."
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was elected at the Russellville Convention and served until his death at the
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107:. Due to the military situation in the state, the provisional government was
26:"Confederate Kentucky" redirects here. For the unincorporated community, see
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Meanwhile, the leaders of Kentucky's Confederate government had remained in
485:. B. Magoffin." Both houses of the General Assembly met on May 7 and passed
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was elected to replace Johnson and served through the remainder of the war.
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in the war, a position officially declared by Governor Magoffin on May 20.
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Secession and the Union in Tennessee and Kentucky: A Comparative Analysis
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790:, who made a fortune from varied economic activities throughout the war.
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504:. Believing defeat at the polls was certain, many Southern Rightists had
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1990:
Shortridge, William Porter (March 1923). "Kentucky Neutrality in 1861".
862:, a Union general. However, Johnson died aboard the Union hospital ship
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was created from a revision of this article dated 31 May 2008
2011:
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for most of its existence. For a short time in the autumn of 1862, the
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2003:
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68:
866:, and the provisional government of Kentucky was left leaderless.
79:. The shadow government never replaced the elected government in
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sympathizers and delegates sent by Kentucky counties, during the
874:
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Historian Wilson Porter Shortridge made the following analysis:
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since Kentucky had already been admitted to the Confederacy.
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to request Kentucky's admission to the Confederacy. Burnett,
1761:. Vol. 4 (1969 ed.). Americana Corporation. 1969.
721:, but Hawes declined to continue his military service under
2110:
List of C.S. states by date of admission to the Confederacy
1900:
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with a star, extended from a circle of twelve other stars.
229:
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and waited for something to happen, a move that historian
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On November 18, 116 delegates from 68 counties met at the
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region, which was economically linked to Tennessee by the
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The convention unanimously elected Johnson as governor.
910:. Bragg also won a decisive victory at the September 13
607:
convention had to be moved to a tower on the campus of
189:
showed Kentucky's mixed sentiments when the state gave
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Political history of the Confederate States of America
825:
Withdrawal from Kentucky and death of Governor Johnson
2748:
1954:. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky.
1730:
837:, General Johnston withdrew from Bowling Green into
639:
Officials of the Confederate government of Kentucky
1998:(4). Organization of American Historians: 283–301.
1931:
The War for the Union: The Improvised War 1861–1862
1912:. Clay City, Kentucky: Back Home In Kentucky, Inc.
1733:
The Civil War in Kentucky: Battle for the Bluegrass
914:, but the delay there cost him the larger prize of
2835:Governments in exile during the American Civil War
1928:
1803:
1775:
1754:
565:On October 29, 1861, 63 delegates representing 34
236:Governor Magoffin called a special session of the
131:The provisional government elected two governors.
2093:, James Copeland, Walters State Community College
1569:
1567:
1565:
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1561:
1559:
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1009:, one of two rival state governments in Virginia
1003:, one of two rival state governments in Missouri
1873:
1853:(3). Southern Historical Association: 316–346.
1834:The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society
1554:
2860:States and territories disestablished in 1865
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882:, the second Confederate governor of Kentucky
611:, a now-defunct institution in Hopkinsville.
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934:called a "stupendously illogical decision".
869:
776:, the first Confederate governor of Kentucky
83:, in which the state legislature had strong
2865:States of the Confederate States of America
1523:
967:produce better results than the first had.
562:no longer exists. The Union is dissolved."
16:Government of Kentucky in exile (1861–1865)
2855:States and territories established in 1861
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558:of Kentucky," Breckinridge declared, "The
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2870:Western Theater of the American Civil War
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1029:Western Theater of the American Civil War
895:, and took the oath of office on May 31.
582:was elected chairman of the proceedings.
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1992:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review
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1952:Perryville: This Grand Havoc of Battle
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614:The first item was ratification of an
537:. Union forces responded by occupying
2612:The Great Republic of Rough and Ready
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2114:Admitted on December 10, 1861 (13th)
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1185:
1080:
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1015:, Richmond's support in West Virginia
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1814:: The University Press of Kentucky.
1784:: The University Press of Kentucky.
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2380:Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain
1949:
1627:
13:
2820:1865 disestablishments in Virginia
2805:Kentucky in the American Civil War
2038:
1731:Kent Masterson Brown, ed. (2000).
1019:Kentucky in the American Civil War
1001:Confederate government of Missouri
809:to Zollicoffer County in honor of
57:Confederate government of Kentucky
14:
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2713:Provisional Government of Hawaii
2594:Provisional Government of Oregon
2513:Provisional Government of Mexico
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1776:Lowell H. Harrison, ed. (2004).
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1847:The Journal of Southern History
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1007:Restored Government of Virginia
71:by a self-constituted group of
1910:Kentucky's Civil War 1861–1865
1549:Kentucky's Civil War 1861–1865
1235:Kentucky's Civil War 1861–1865
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1115:
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1:
2840:Political history of Kentucky
2624:Confederate States of America
1874:Kleber, John E., ed. (1992).
1034:
472:As a result of the firing on
187:presidential election of 1860
146:
2618:The Kingdom of Beaver Island
1739:: Savas Publishing Company.
1055:. Golden Ink. Archived from
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7:
2825:American Civil War by state
2319:Organized January 18, 1862.
2155:Political divisions of the
1935:. Charles Scribner's Sons.
989:
755:
637:
476:, President Lincoln sent a
10:
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2588:Republic of the Rio Grande
1969:Powell, Robert A. (1976).
487:declarations of neutrality
242:Louisville Morning Courier
25:
18:
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2570:Republic of Indian Stream
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1876:The Kentucky Encyclopedia
1806:The Civil War in Kentucky
1644:The Civil War in Kentucky
1622:The Civil War in Kentucky
1609:The Civil War in Kentucky
1257:The Civil War in Kentucky
1193:The Civil War in Kentucky
1141:The Civil War in Kentucky
1101:The Civil War in Kentucky
1088:The Civil War in Kentucky
996:Border states (Civil War)
870:Richard Hawes as governor
860:Alexander McDowell McCook
683:
679:Theodore Legrand Burnett
675:
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261:, proposed by Kentuckian
238:Kentucky General Assembly
193:45% of the popular vote,
21:Kentucky (disambiguation)
2532:Santa Fe de Nuevo México
2507:Second Republic of Texas
2501:Republic of the Floridas
2489:Republic of East Florida
2483:Republic of West Florida
2447:United States of America
2391:Santa Fe de Nuevo México
2367:within the contemporary
1950:Noe, Kenneth W. (2001).
707:Theodore Legrand Burnett
2850:Provisional governments
2495:First Republic of Texas
1277:Shortridge, pp. 298–300
1130:Shortridge, pp. 290–291
954:Decline and dissolution
101:Bowling Green, Kentucky
95:Confederate battle flag
2830:Government of Kentucky
2046:
2026:Listen to this article
1927:Nevins, Allen (1959).
1830:Harrison, Lowell Hayes
1757:Encyclopedia Americana
1683:Encyclopedia Americana
1659:Encyclopedia Americana
939:Chattanooga, Tennessee
912:Battle of Munfordville
884:
815:Battle of Mill Springs
778:
713:. He was replaced by
625:Albert Sidney Johnston
616:ordinance of secession
599:
526:
506:boycotted the election
182:was within the Union.
162:
111:and traveled with the
90:provisional government
52:
2564:Republic of Madawaska
2465:Trans-Oconee Republic
2045:
1878:. Associate editors:
1047:Irby, Richard E. Jr.
877:
819:justices of the peace
771:
609:Bethel Female College
593:
521:
259:Crittenden Compromise
154:
38:
28:Confederate, Kentucky
2558:Republic of Fredonia
2255:Governments in exile
2077:More spoken articles
1778:Kentucky's Governors
960:Battle of Perryville
893:Corinth, Mississippi
844:New Orleans Picayune
835:Battle of Fort Henry
727:Willis Benson Machen
711:Confederate Congress
660:Lieutenant Governor
195:John C. Breckinridge
63:established for the
2707:Free State of Jones
2600:California Republic
2435:Republic of Watauga
2403:Provincias Internas
2365:unrecognized states
1977:: Kentucky Images.
1975:Frankfort, Kentucky
1812:Lexington, Kentucky
1800:Harrison, Lowell H.
1782:Lexington, Kentucky
1598:Kleber, pp. 772–773
1424:Kleber, pp. 418–419
1077:Nevins, pp. 129–130
1059:on November 9, 2012
1053:About North Georgia
943:Lexington, Kentucky
701:, but soon fled to
699:lieutenant governor
668:Secretary of State
663:Horatio F. Simrall
640:
604:William Forst House
596:William Forst House
49:voice of the people
2765:American Civil War
2719:Republic of Hawaii
2415:Florida Occidental
2157:Confederate States
2047:
1971:Kentucky Governors
1884:Lowell H. Harrison
1575:Kentucky Governors
1286:Shortridge, p. 300
1268:Shortridge, p. 297
1171:Kentucky Governors
1112:Shortridge, p. 290
972:Memphis, Tennessee
908:Battle of Richmond
900:Edmund Kirby Smith
885:
833:'s victory at the
813:, who died at the
788:Eli Metcalfe Bruce
779:
750:Richmond, Virginia
729:as its president.
695:Horatio F. Simrall
655:George W. Johnson
638:
600:
555:Camp Dick Robinson
287:American Civil War
281:Confederate States
263:John J. Crittenden
222:Fugitive Slave Act
163:
88:Nevertheless, the
77:American Civil War
53:
2810:1860s in Kentucky
2746:
2745:
2582:Republic of Texas
2477:State of Muskogee
2459:State of Franklin
2326:
2325:
2300:Arizona Territory
2123:
2122:
2043:
1961:978-0-8131-2209-0
1942:978-0-684-10426-3
1902:Klotter, James C.
964:Athens, Tennessee
811:Felix Zollicoffer
784:Judah P. Benjamin
774:George W. Johnson
746:Luke P. Blackburn
723:Humphrey Marshall
691:
690:
687:Josiah Pillsbury
631:, an arm wearing
512:and 27–11 in the
470:
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394:Arizona Territory
228:, and a Southern
226:Mississippi River
215:Kentucky Governor
133:George W. Johnson
113:Army of Tennessee
61:shadow government
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852:Battle of Shiloh
831:Ulysses S. Grant
742:William E. Simms
641:
502:Tennessee Rivers
494:Jackson Purchase
462:
455:
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405:Indian Territory
402:Allied tribes in
355:Dual governments
275:
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251:Washington, D.C.
247:Peace Conference
137:Battle of Shiloh
125:Don Carlos Buell
117:Confederate Army
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2515:(1823–1824)
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1995:
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1930:
1909:
1875:
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1725:Bibliography
1718:Brown, p. 97
1702:
1697:Brown, p. 96
1682:
1678:
1658:
1643:
1642:Harrison in
1638:
1629:
1621:
1620:Harrison in
1616:
1608:
1607:Harrison in
1603:
1594:
1589:Brown, p. 93
1574:
1573:Harrison in
1548:
1547:Harrison in
1525:
1520:Brown, p. 89
1516:
1508:
1507:Harrison in
1489:Brown, p. 88
1474:
1473:Harrison in
1456:
1455:Harrison in
1451:
1446:Brown, p. 87
1442:
1434:
1433:Harrison in
1429:
1420:
1415:Brown, p. 85
1391:
1382:
1377:Brown, p. 84
1373:
1365:
1364:Harrison in
1349:
1348:Harrison in
1318:Brown, p. 83
1304:Brown, p. 80
1300:
1295:Heck, p. 343
1291:
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1273:
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1255:Harrison in
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1135:
1126:
1121:Heck, p. 333
1117:
1108:
1100:
1099:Harrison in
1095:
1087:
1086:Harrison in
1082:
1073:
1063:November 29,
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1052:
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1024:Upland South
985:
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886:
863:
849:
842:
828:
807:Wayne County
804:
792:
780:
759:
731:
697:was elected
692:
620:Constitution
613:
601:
587:convention.
584:Scott County
576:Trigg County
571:Russellville
564:
552:
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527:
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518:
491:
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362:
253:, and asked
241:
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184:
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105:Russellville
99:
65:Commonwealth
56:
54:
47:for "by the
40:
32:
2721:(1894–1898)
2715:(1893–1894)
2709:(1863–1865)
2665:Mississippi
2628:1861–1865;
2620:(1850–1856)
2608:(1849–1850)
2596:(1841–1848)
2584:(1836–1846)
2578:(1834–1907)
2572:(1832–1835)
2560:(1826–1827)
2552:, 1836–1846
2546:, 1824–1835
2540:, 1824–1830
2534:, 1821–1846
2528:, 1821–1836
2522:, 1821–1824
2518:1835–1846;
2497:(1812–1813)
2479:(1799–1803)
2473:(1795–1893)
2461:(1784–1788)
2455:(1777–1791)
2449:(1776–1783)
2443:(1775–1776)
2437:(1772–1777)
2429:, 1804–1821
2423:, 1769–1801
2421:La Luisiana
2417:, 1783–1821
2411:, 1783–1821
2405:, 1776–1821
2399:, 1690–1821
2393:, 1598–1821
2387:, 1565–1821
2385:New Navarre
2199:Mississippi
2159:(1861–1865)
1633:Noe, p. 124
1577:, pp. 85–88
1551:, pp. 90–91
1237:, pp. 63–65
1173:, pp. 82–84
924:Shelbyville
703:Mississippi
474:Fort Sumter
322:Mississippi
73:Confederate
41:voce populi
2799:Categories
2280:government
2268:government
2234:government
2073:Audio help
2064:2008-05-31
1840:(1): 3–39.
1035:References
916:Louisville
829:Following
795:unicameral
676:Treasurer
629:state seal
498:Cumberland
175:Cincinnati
171:Pittsburgh
167:Ohio River
147:Background
2685:Tennessee
2660:Louisiana
2361:sovereign
2292:Territory
2214:Tennessee
2194:Louisiana
1090:, pp. 6–7
948:Frankfort
920:Bardstown
856:Freemason
839:Tennessee
799:bicameral
652:Governor
644:Position
549:Formation
419:Chickasaw
386:Territory
337:Tennessee
317:Louisiana
207:secession
201:18%, and
191:John Bell
160:position.
81:Frankfort
2789:Politics
2777:Kentucky
2738:Category
2695:Virginia
2670:Missouri
2655:Kentucky
2640:Arkansas
2275:Missouri
2263:Kentucky
2224:Virginia
2179:Arkansas
2103:Missouri
2075: ·
1802:(1975).
1685:, p. 707
1661:, p. 407
1509:Register
1475:Register
1457:Register
1435:Register
1366:Register
1350:Register
990:See also
928:Danville
864:Hannibal
756:Activity
684:Auditor
567:counties
535:Columbus
478:telegram
434:Seminole
414:Cherokee
373:Virginia
368:Missouri
363:Kentucky
347:Virginia
302:Arkansas
255:Congress
69:Kentucky
2751:Portals
2650:Georgia
2645:Florida
2635:Arizona
2630:Alabama
2359:Former
2189:Georgia
2184:Florida
2174:Alabama
2062: (
2033:minutes
2012:1886256
1983:2690774
1867:2954954
1646:, p. 47
1624:, p. 48
1611:, p. 46
1511:, p. 22
1477:, p. 20
1459:, p. 16
1437:, p. 15
1368:, p. 14
1352:, p. 13
1259:, p. 11
569:met at
539:Paducah
531:Hickman
481:sister
424:Choctaw
312:Georgia
307:Florida
297:Alabama
284:in the
180:slavery
2614:(1850)
2602:(1846)
2590:(1840)
2566:(1827)
2509:(1819)
2503:(1817)
2491:(1812)
2485:(1810)
2467:(1794)
2166:States
2086:states
2010:
1981:
1958:
1939:
1916:
1890:
1865:
1818:
1788:
1765:
1743:
1195:, p. 9
1143:, p. 8
1103:, p. 7
740:, and
514:Senate
109:exiled
59:was a
2690:Texas
2397:Tejas
2314:Union
2219:Texas
2118:Last
2008:JSTOR
1863:JSTOR
510:House
429:Creek
342:Texas
197:36%,
85:Union
45:Latin
1979:OCLC
1956:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1888:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1786:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1065:2006
926:and
633:mail
594:The
533:and
500:and
230:veto
185:The
173:and
55:The
2363:or
2000:doi
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249:in
67:of
43:is
2801::
2031:25
2006:.
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1904:;
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1051:.
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