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of the original constitution (of which the only one still active is the clause protecting the states' equal voting power in the Senate) can be protected from subsequent amendments under the established amending formula. Under this theory, a later amendment conflicting with an already-ratified Corwin
2793:
I understand a proposed amendment to the
Constitution—which amendment, however, I have not seen—has passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to service ... holding such a provision to
2702:
proposed one that explicitly protected property rights in slaves. A group of House members proposed a national convention to accomplish secession as a "dignified, peaceful, and fair separation" that could settle questions like the equitable distribution of the federal government's assets and rights
2751:
Soon afterward, it was sent to the state legislatures for ratification. The joint resolution containing the Corwin
Amendment called for the amendment to be submitted to the state legislatures, as it was believed that the amendment had a greater chance of success in the legislatures of the Southern
2743:
On
February 26, Congressman Thomas Corwin, who had chaired the earlier House committee, introduced his own text as a substitute, but it was not adopted. The following day, after a series of preliminary votes, the House voted 123 to 71 in favor of the original resolution, but as this was below the
2726:
No amendment of this
Constitution, having for its object any interference within the States with the relations between their citizens and those described in second section of the first article of the Constitution as "all other persons", shall originate with any State that does not recognize that
2874:, an Illinois state constitutional convention purported to ratify the Corwin Amendment. However, since Illinois state lawmakers were sitting as delegates to a convention at the time—and not meeting as the actual state legislature—that action was of questionable validity.
2697:
formed a "Committee of Thirty-three" with the same objective. More than 200 resolutions with respect to slavery, including 57 resolutions proposing constitutional amendments, were introduced in
Congress. Most represented compromises designed to avert military conflict. Senator
2731:
While the House debated the measure over the ensuing weeks, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas had joined South
Carolina in seceding from the Union. The contentious atmosphere in the House during the debate was relieved by abolitionist Republican
2928:
to withdraw the Corwin
Amendment from further consideration by the state legislatures and to halt the ratification process. That same day, Anthony's joint resolution was referred to the Senate's Committee on the Judiciary. On May 11, 1864, Illinois Senator
2747:
The Senate took up the proposed amendment on March 2, 1861, debating its merits without a recess through the pre-dawn hours on March 4. When the final vote was taken, the amendment passed with exactly the needed two-thirds majority – 24–12.
559:
No amendment shall be made to the
Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said
2465:
2744:
required two-thirds majority, the measure was not passed. On
February 28, however, the House returned to and approved Corwin's version—House (Joint) Resolution No. 80—by a vote of 133 to 65, just barely above the two-thirds threshold.
3127:(NY: Hill & Wang, 2009), "Prologue: Meaningful Silences", pp. 3–10, 98–99, 113. "Madison succeeded only in getting through a semantic change ... that kept the slave-trade clause from stating directly 'that there could be property in men.'"
549:
Because it was only ratified in a handful of
Northern states and Kentucky, the Corwin Amendment failed to achieve its goal of preventing civil war and preserving the Union. Ultimately, it fell out of favor during the Civil War.
2778:
endorsed the Corwin Amendment by taking the unprecedented step of signing it. His signature on the Congressional joint resolution was unnecessary, as the President has no formal role in the constitutional amendment process.
5628:
526:. Several federal legislative measures, including the Corwin Amendment, were proposed during this period in the hope of either reconciling the sections of the United States or avoiding the secession of the
2802:, Lincoln sent a letter to each state's governor transmitting the proposed amendment, noting that Buchanan had approved it. His letter did not say anything opposing or supporting the amendment itself.
2933:, Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, received the Senate's permission to discharge Senate (Joint) Resolution No. 25 from the committee, but no further action was taken on Anthony's joint resolution.
3493:
Laws of the State of Maryland, Made and Passed At a Session of the General Assembly begun and held at the City of Annapolis on the third day of December 1861, and ended on the tenth day of March 1862.
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of 1787, which referred to slavery in its draft of the Constitution with comparable descriptions of legal status: "Person held to Service", "the whole Number of free Persons ...,
564:
The text refers to slavery with terms such as "domestic institutions" and "persons held to labor or service" and avoids using the word "slavery", following the example set at the
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In 1963, more than a century after the Corwin Amendment was submitted to the state legislatures by Congress, a joint resolution to ratify it was introduced in the
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507:, with the intent of preventing that war and preserving the Union. It passed Congress but was not ratified by the requisite number of state legislatures.
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492:. It would have shielded slavery within the states from the federal constitutional amendment process and from abolition or interference by Congress.
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On January 14, 1861, the House committee submitted a plan calling for an amendment to protect slavery, enforce fugitive slave laws, and repeal state
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2957:(Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth) would not have been permissible, as they abolish or interfere with the domestic institution of the states.
2900:. His joint resolution was referred to the House's Committee on Constitutional Amendments on March 7, 1963, but received no further consideration.
1404:
2973:) or be inferred to have either superseded or partially or completely repealed any conflicting provisions of an already-adopted Corwin Amendment.
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The Corwin Amendment was the second proposed "Thirteenth Amendment" submitted to the states by Congress. The first was the similarly ill-fated
2756:, given that state conventions were being conducted at that time throughout the South at which votes to secede from the Union were successful.
1759:
88:
83:
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93:
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68:
2885:, voted to approve the amendment on February 13, 1862. However, West Virginia did not ratify the amendment after it became a state in 1863.
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of Illinois, who questioned the amendment's reach: "Does that include polygamy, the other twin relic of barbarism?" Missouri Democrat
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quickly formed a "Committee of Thirteen" to investigate possible legislative measures that might solve the slavery predicament. The
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Letter from Abraham Lincoln transmitting the Corwin Amendment to North Carolina Governor John W. Ellis, March 16, 1861
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On February 8, 1864, during the 38th Congress, with the prospects for a Union victory improving, Republican Senator
2727:
relation within its own limits, or shall be valid without the assent of every one of the States composing the Union.
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that has never been adopted, but owing to the absence of a ratification deadline, could still be adopted by the
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2019:
2007:
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Public Laws of the State of Illinois Passed by the Twenty-Third General Assembly Convened January 5, 1863
2753:
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answered: "Does the gentleman desire to know whether he shall be prohibited from committing that crime?"
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In December 1860, when the second session of the 36th Congress was convened, the deepening rift between
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3745:
Lincoln and the Politics of Slavery: The Other Thirteenth Amendment and the Struggle to Save the Union
3389:
Lincoln and the Politics of Slavery: The Other Thirteenth Amendment and the Struggle to Save the Union
3093:
Lincoln and the Politics of Slavery: The Other Thirteenth Amendment and the Struggle to Save the Union
2711:
consisting of six constitutional amendments and four Congressional resolutions, which were ultimately
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4271:
3549:"Rescission of Illinois's Ratification of the Corwin Amendment to the United States Constitution"
3506:"Rescission of Maryland's Ratification of the Corwin Amendment to the United States Constitution"
3419:
3050:
2794:
now be implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable.
2581:
2315:
2265:
2193:
1966:
1744:
1688:
1671:
1102:
707:
569:
3570:
Martin, Philip L. (March 1967). "Convention Ratification of Federal Constitutional Amendments".
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8:
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1961:
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580:
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5629:
United States House Select Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government
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3268:. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: Civil War Institute, Gettysburg College. Archived from
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2213:
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2198:
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2138:
2106:
2076:
1949:
1937:
1915:
1893:
1840:
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1644:
946:
890:
712:
677:
672:
503:
proposed the Corwin Amendment on March 2, 1861, shortly before the outbreak of the
499:, it was designed specifically to protect slavery from federal power. The outgoing
5730:
5723:
5608:
5276:
5224:
5105:
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3369:
Lincoln President-Elect: Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter 1860-1861
2782:
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2549:
2435:
2430:
2183:
2153:
2148:
1871:
1835:
1634:
1552:
1257:
1003:
794:
542:, introduced the Corwin Amendment, which was endorsed by the outgoing president,
539:
437:
3181:
Amendments Proposed in Congress by Senator John J. Crittenden: December 18, 1860
5437:
5214:
5193:
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4869:
3068:
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2775:
2737:
2633:
2522:
1414:
1055:
1013:
687:
543:
3716:
3169:
Constitutional Brinksmanship: Amending the Constitution by National Convention
2941:
The Corwin Amendment never became law. But if it had done so, then, under the
5760:
5598:
5523:
5319:
5240:
5198:
5167:
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5017:
4889:
4859:
4775:
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4344:
3734:
2882:
2870:
On February 14, 1862, prior to the 1863 ratification of the amendment by the
2571:
2495:
1942:
1925:
1700:
1530:
1520:
1304:
954:
857:
619:
587:
535:
3782:
Martin, Philip L. (1966). "Illinois' Ratification of the Corwin Amendment".
3604:
House Joint Resolution No. 67, 58th Texas Legislature, Regular Session, 1963
3343:
5702:
3769:
2851:
2733:
2576:
2408:
2384:
2290:
2283:
2014:
1542:
1515:
1478:
1456:
1343:
1060:
1040:
1018:
1008:
998:
993:
983:
3329:
1823:
16:
Proposed US constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal power
5271:
5151:
2413:
2401:
1754:
1557:
1547:
1505:
1319:
572:
of all other Persons", "The Migration and Importation of such Persons".
546:, as well as by Lincoln himself in his first inaugural address in 1861.
432:
4996:
3717:"Stopping Time: The Pro-Slavery and 'Irrevocable' Thirteenth Amendment"
3591:
2566:
1858:
1562:
1429:
425:
3262:"The Corwin Amendment: The Last Last-Minute Attempt to Save the Union"
2965:
Amendment could either explicitly repeal the Corwin Amendment (as the
5538:
4904:
3392:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 245–250.
3223:
The History, Civil, Political and Military, of the Southern Rebellion
1806:
1471:
1333:
3583:
1488:
420:
5603:
2908:
2863:
2857:
2839:
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1954:
1898:
1850:
1510:
1355:
1210:
1116:
5406:
4939:
4369:
2379:
1461:
1141:
958:
3051:"The Non-Aggression Principle: Living free on the path of peace"
2893:
2081:
1903:
1483:
1466:
1328:
1163:
1131:
495:
Although the Corwin Amendment does not explicitly use the word
3304:
The Thirteenth Amendment and American Freedom: A Legal History
3809:"The Paradox of Self-Amendment (Section on Corwin Amendment)"
3001:, amendments sent to the states, both ratified and unratified
1338:
1324:
1299:
3833:
3194:"House Committee of Thirty Three submits proposed amendment"
2881:, consisting mostly of representatives of what would become
2860:: January 10, 1862 (rescinded ratification – April 7, 2014)
2845:
1205:
1035:
3842:"Abraham Lincoln and the Thirteenth Amendment that Wasn't"
3830:"Ghost Amendment: The Thirteenth Amendment that Never Was"
3526:
3154:
Ewen Cameron Mac Veagh, "The Other Rejected Amendments",
3067:. United States House of Representatives. Archived from
2953:
and to interference by Congress. As a result, the later
2848:: May 13, 1861 (rescinded ratification – March 31, 1864)
5782:
Unratified amendments to the United States Constitution
3125:
Slavery's Constitution: From Revolution to Ratification
2866:: June 2, 1863 (rescinded ratification – April 4, 2022)
3617:. The Progress Report. August 13, 2003. Archived from
3418:. Frankfort: Commonwealth of Kentucky. 1861. pp.
3890:
3844:. This Cruel War Blog. June 16, 2016. Archived from
3057:
3023:
2999:
List of amendments to the United States Constitution
2980:
2960:
A competing theory, however, suggests that only the
2903:
2336:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
3236:
A Short Constitutional History of the United States
2936:
5594:List of federal judges appointed by James Buchanan
5314:Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787
3028:
2722:. The proposed constitutional amendment declared:
3136:Jos. R. Long, "Tinkering with the Constitution",
5758:
3200:. A&E Television Networks. February 1, 2019
3089:
2451:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution
5325:Bibliography of the United States Constitution
3765:"The Corwin Amendment in the Secession Crisis"
3533:. Springfield: Baker & Phillips. pp.
5422:
3876:
3658:"What in the Constitution Cannot be Amended?"
3284:
3255:
3253:
2662:
2540:List of slavery-related memorials and museums
923:
457:
3748:. University of North Carolina Press Books.
3363:
3361:
3217:
3215:
2456:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom
538:, Republicans and allies of President-elect
2810:The Corwin Amendment has been ratified by:
2703:to navigate the Mississippi River. Senator
5429:
5415:
3883:
3869:
3344:"Abraham Lincoln and the Corwin Amendment"
3250:
3150:
3148:
3146:
2789:on March 4, said of the Corwin Amendment:
2669:
2655:
930:
916:
464:
450:
3358:
3330:Text of Lincoln's first inaugural address
3212:
3158:, vol. 222, no. 829, December 1925, 281-2
3031:The Oxford History of the American People
2766:
5554:1856 United States presidential election
5381:Scene at the Signing of the Constitution
3722:Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy
3646:, p. 2218; Mac Veagh, 282-3; Caplan, 128
3259:
3065:"Constitutional Amendments Not Ratified"
2912:The Corwin Amendment as approved by the
2907:
2812:
2798:Just weeks prior to the outbreak of the
2752:states than would have been the case in
2461:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf
2326:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
2306:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
579:
3143:
2805:
5759:
3827:
3781:
3741:
3714:
3687:
3569:
3385:
3341:
575:
5410:
3864:
3806:
3688:Albert, Richard (February 27, 2013).
3381:
3379:
3377:
3371:(NY: Simon & Schuster, 2008), 429
2348:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
2025:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea
902:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
5360:Constitution Day and Citizenship Day
3306:(New York University Press, 2004), 2
2545:Slave marriages in the United States
2144:Human trafficking in the Middle East
5559:1856 Democratic National Convention
5544:1852 Democratic National Convention
5529:1848 Democratic National Convention
5519:1844 Democratic National Convention
5514:Electoral history of James Buchanan
5348:Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom
4875:Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
3762:
3171:(Oxford University Press, 1988), 56
3035:. Oxford University Press. p.
2951:constitutional amendment procedures
1879:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia
13:
5436:
4439:Drafting and ratification timeline
4184:District of Columbia Voting Rights
3708:
3690:"The Unamendable Corwin Amendment"
3655:
3527:Illinois General Assembly (1863).
3422:–52 – via Internet Archive.
3374:
3238:(Boston: Little, Brown, 1904), 207
3225:(NY: James D Torrey, 1861), I, 463
2533:last survivors of American slavery
812:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
668:End of slavery in British colonies
320:Drafting and ratification timeline
14:
5808:
3892:Constitution of the United States
3795:
3424:amendment Kentucky April 4, 1861.
2904:Attempted withdrawal of amendment
1494:Field slaves in the United States
1361:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate
801:The Impending Crisis of the South
643:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
5740:
5739:
5655:Buchanan's Birthplace State Park
5464:United States Secretary of State
4295:Convention to propose amendments
3476:Adoption of the Corwin Amendment
2983:
2937:Debates over hypothetical impact
2926:Senate (Joint) Resolution No. 25
1371:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
1366:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate
1195:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
965:
431:
419:
407:
42:
3715:Bryant, A. Christopher (2003).
3681:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3607:
3598:
3563:
3541:
3520:
3498:
3486:
3467:
3458:
3449:
3406:
3335:
3323:
3309:
3293:
3241:
3228:
3186:
3140:, vol. 24, no. 7, May 1915, 579
2879:Restored Government of Virginia
2833: Ratification questionable
2321:Committee of Experts on Slavery
1872:East, Southeast, and South Asia
5582:Inauguration of James Buchanan
5472:U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
5453:President of the United States
4910:Separation of church and state
3551:. General Assembly of Illinois
3508:. General Assembly of Maryland
3174:
3161:
3130:
3117:
3096:. UNC Press Books. p. 7.
3083:
3043:
3017:
2890:Texas House of Representatives
2827: Ratified, then rescinded
2020:Slave raiding in Easter Island
109:Amendments to the Constitution
1:
4414:Virginia Ratifying Convention
3770:The Ohio Historical Quarterly
3495:(Chapter 21, pages 21 and 22)
3346:. Illinois Periodicals Online
3320:, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 378 (1798)
3010:
2945:, it would have made slavery
524:Confederate States of America
5619:1858 United States elections
5375:National Constitution Center
5173:Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer
4472:Assemble and Petition Clause
2761:Titles of Nobility Amendment
2683:slave states and free states
2311:Temporary Slavery Commission
1972:Slavery in the Mongol Empire
776:Burning of Pennsylvania Hall
738:Secession of Southern states
7:
5792:36th United States Congress
5767:Secession crisis of 1860–61
5246:Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
4300:State ratifying conventions
4237:Equal Opportunity to Govern
4232:Electoral College abolition
4159:Congressional Apportionment
3615:"Slavery: Just a 'Detail'?"
3572:Political Science Quarterly
2976:
2924:of Rhode Island introduced
2754:state ratifying conventions
2331:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
1376:Volga Bulgarian slave trade
771:Martyrdom of Elijah Lovejoy
615:End of Atlantic slave trade
501:36th United States Congress
375:Preamble and Articles I–VII
271:Congressional Apportionment
10:
5813:
5705:(niece, acting First Lady)
5680:James Buchanan High School
3482:. June 3, 1861. p. 2.
3386:Crofts, Daniel W. (2016).
2516:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
2353:Anti-Slavery International
2118:North Africa and West Asia
858:Recapture of Anthony Burns
728:1860 presidential election
703:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
520:1860 presidential election
486:United States Constitution
5787:United States slavery law
5777:1861 in American politics
5718:
5695:
5642:
5572:
5506:
5444:
5333:
5305:
5285:
5264:
5233:
5207:
5186:
5160:
5124:
5073:
5042:
5026:
5005:
4984:
4963:
4947:
4938:
4817:
4699:Privileges and Immunities
4512:Congressional enforcement
4447:
4434:Rhode Island ratification
4325:Articles of Confederation
4312:
4290:
4267:Parental Rights amendment
4192:
4149:
4074:
4046:
4025:
3962:
3958:
3949:
3898:
3742:Crofts, Daniel W (2016).
3692:. Int'l J. Const. L. Blog
3317:Hollingsworth v. Virginia
3156:The North American Review
3090:Daniel W. Crofts (2016).
2991:American Civil War portal
2955:Reconstruction Amendments
2872:Illinois General Assembly
2617:Emancipation Proclamation
2284:Opposition and resistance
2042:Sex trafficking in Europe
2030:Blackbirding in Polynesia
1593:Trans-Saharan slave trade
807:Oberlin–Wellington Rescue
782:American Slavery As It Is
590:, author of the amendment
566:Constitutional Convention
522:, eventually forming the
356:Reconstruction Amendments
4930:Unitary executive theory
4704:Privileges or Immunities
4419:New York Circular Letter
4409:Massachusetts Compromise
3828:Walter, Michael (2003).
3480:Providence Evening Press
3332:, accessed July 17, 2011
3005:Peace Conference of 1861
2969:explicitly repealed the
2821: Ratified amendment
2392:Compensated emancipation
1603:Indian Ocean slave trade
830:Trial of Reuben Crandall
743:Peace Conference of 1861
718:Caning of Charles Sumner
414:United States portal
24:This article is part of
5650:James Buchanan Memorial
4850:Dormant Commerce Clause
4694:Presidential succession
4429:Fayetteville Convention
4424:Hillsborough Convention
4360:Three-fifths Compromise
4340:Philadelphia Convention
4330:Mount Vernon Conference
4217:Campaign finance reform
3342:Lupton, John A (2006).
3266:The Gettysburg Compiler
3234:Francis Newton Thorpe,
2787:first inaugural address
2316:1926 Slavery Convention
2072:Germany in World War II
1689:North and South America
1211:Contract of manumission
723:Lincoln–Douglas debates
553:
5614:Lecompton Constitution
5588:Dred Scott v. Sandford
5564:Woodward Hill Cemetery
5013:William Samuel Johnson
4885:Nondelegation doctrine
4457:Admission to the Union
4404:Anti-Federalist Papers
4355:Connecticut Compromise
3763:Lee, R. Alton (1961).
3260:Christiensen, Hannah.
3221:Orville James Victor,
2967:Twenty-first Amendment
2917:
2835:
2796:
2767:Presidential responses
2729:
1797:British Virgin Islands
1349:Circassian slave trade
1315:Safavid imperial harem
1310:Ottoman Imperial Harem
871:Virginia v. John Brown
864:Dred Scott v. Sandford
766:Nat Turner's Rebellion
591:
562:
5220:Richard Dobbs Spaight
4689:Presidential Electors
4664:Original Jurisdiction
4604:Full Faith and Credit
4477:Assistance of Counsel
4398:The Federalist Papers
4227:Crittenden Compromise
3807:Suber, Peter (1990).
3784:Journal of Public Law
3664:: 717. Archived from
3123:David Waldstreicher,
2911:
2816:
2791:
2724:
2720:personal liberty laws
2036:Europe and North Asia
1996:Australia and Oceania
1696:Pre-Columbian America
1268:Slave raid of Suðuroy
1200:Slavery in al-Andalus
1122:Black Sea slave trade
1051:21st-century jihadism
897:Battle of Fort Sumter
852:Prigg v. Pennsylvania
733:Crittenden Compromise
583:
557:
396:Unratified Amendments
263:Unratified Amendments
52:Preamble and Articles
5772:1861 in American law
5709:James Buchanan Henry
5389:A More Perfect Union
5365:Constitution Gardens
5286:Convention Secretary
4948:Convention President
4920:Symmetric federalism
4915:Separation of powers
4649:Necessary and Proper
4644:Natural-born citizen
4589:Freedom of the Press
4527:Copyright and Patent
4517:Contingent Elections
4335:Annapolis Convention
3025:Samuel Eliot Morison
2971:Eighteenth Amendment
2806:Ratification history
2685:was erupting into a
2491:Indentured servitude
2419:Underground Railroad
2219:United Arab Emirates
1608:Zanzibar slave trade
1575:By country or region
1388:Atlantic slave trade
1290:Ma malakat aymanukum
1174:Venetian slave trade
836:Commonwealth v. Aves
693:Nashville Convention
683:Mexican–American War
653:Nullification crisis
514:states attempted to
36:of the United States
5624:Paraguay expedition
5492:U.S. Representative
5480:U.S. Representative
5396:Worldwide influence
5137:Gunning Bedford Jr.
4865:Executive privilege
4845:Criminal sentencing
4768:Title of Nobility (
4759:Taxing and Spending
4659:Oath or Affirmation
4619:House Apportionment
4482:Case or Controversy
4365:Committee of Detail
4257:"Liberty" amendment
4222:Christian amendment
3815:on October 15, 2012
3644:Congressional Globe
3632:Congressional Globe
3272:on November 7, 2017
3167:Russell L. Caplan,
2582:Slave Route Project
1708:Americas indigenous
1598:Red Sea slave trade
1588:Contemporary Africa
1451:Topics and practice
1221:Crimean slave trade
1216:Bukhara slave trade
1169:Genoese slave trade
1046:Contemporary Africa
1026:Forced prostitution
708:Kansas–Nebraska Act
648:Missouri Compromise
638:Northwest Ordinance
603:
576:Legislative history
534:and Representative
438:Politics portal
389:Amendments XI–XXVII
5675:Buchanan, Missouri
5660:Buchanan, Michigan
5050:William Livingston
5034:Alexander Hamilton
4840:Criminal procedure
4835:Constitutional law
4770:Foreign Emoluments
4734:State of the Union
4719:Self-Incrimination
4709:Recess appointment
4502:Compulsory Process
4164:Titles of Nobility
3836:on August 6, 2018.
3662:Arizona Law Review
2962:entrenched clauses
2943:plain meaning rule
2918:
2914:36th U.S. Congress
2898:Henry Stollenwerck
2836:
2705:John J. Crittenden
2358:Blockade of Africa
1665:Somali slave trade
1581:Sub-Saharan Africa
1273:Turkish Abductions
1231:Khivan slave trade
1226:Khazar slave trade
1179:Balkan slave trade
1137:Prague slave trade
698:Compromise of 1850
601:American Civil War
594:
592:
505:American Civil War
490:state legislatures
300:D.C. Voting Rights
278:Titles of Nobility
5754:
5753:
5731:Abraham Lincoln →
5724:← Franklin Pierce
5670:Buchanan, Georgia
5665:Buchanan, Indiana
5404:
5403:
5370:Constitution Week
5355:Independence Mall
5343:National Archives
5301:
5300:
5116:Gouverneur Morris
5101:Thomas Fitzsimons
5081:Benjamin Franklin
4955:George Washington
4855:Enumerated powers
4830:Concurrent powers
4825:Balance of powers
4654:No Religious Test
4594:Freedom of Speech
4385:Independence Hall
4308:
4307:
4212:Bricker amendment
4145:
4144:
3755:978-1-4696-2731-1
3656:Linder, Douglas.
3621:on June 26, 2015.
2679:
2678:
2629:Freedmen's Bureau
2446:Third Servile War
2441:International law
2008:Human trafficking
1770:Human trafficking
1445:Thirteen colonies
1263:Sack of Baltimore
1031:Human trafficking
940:
939:
789:Uncle Tom's Cabin
596:Events leading to
532:William H. Seward
474:
473:
5804:
5743:
5742:
5686:Raising Buchanan
5634:Corwin Amendment
5549:Ostend Manifesto
5499:
5487:
5475:
5467:
5456:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5408:
5407:
5251:Charles Pinckney
5060:William Paterson
4992:Nathaniel Gorham
4945:
4944:
4724:Speech or Debate
4552:Equal Protection
4262:Ludlow amendment
4247:Flag Desecration
4242:Federal Marriage
4207:Blaine amendment
4169:Corwin Amendment
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3837:
3832:. Archived from
3824:
3822:
3820:
3811:. Archived from
3791:
3778:
3759:
3738:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3668:on June 27, 2010
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3471:
3465:
3464:61 Ohio Laws 182
3462:
3456:
3455:58 Ohio Laws 190
3453:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3426:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3383:
3372:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3300:Alexander Tsesis
3297:
3291:
3290:Brandon, 219–220
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3257:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3165:
3159:
3152:
3141:
3138:Yale Law Journal
3134:
3128:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3021:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2922:Henry B. Anthony
2832:
2826:
2820:
2715:on December 31.
2671:
2664:
2657:
2641:Emancipation Day
2469:
2436:Slave Trade Acts
1127:Byzantine Empire
969:
942:
941:
932:
925:
918:
891:Star of the West
748:Corwin Amendment
713:Ostend Manifesto
678:Texas annexation
673:Texas Revolution
604:
593:
478:Corwin Amendment
466:
459:
452:
436:
435:
424:
423:
412:
411:
410:
46:
21:
20:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5714:
5691:
5638:
5609:Bleeding Kansas
5568:
5502:
5490:
5478:
5470:
5459:
5448:
5440:
5435:
5405:
5400:
5335:
5329:
5297:
5293:William Jackson
5281:
5277:Abraham Baldwin
5260:
5229:
5225:Hugh Williamson
5203:
5182:
5156:
5147:Richard Bassett
5120:
5106:Jared Ingersoll
5069:
5065:Jonathan Dayton
5038:
5022:
5001:
4980:
4976:Nicholas Gilman
4959:
4934:
4900:Reserved powers
4880:Judicial review
4813:
4609:General Welfare
4532:Double Jeopardy
4443:
4370:List of Framers
4350:New Jersey Plan
4304:
4286:
4282:Victims' Rights
4202:Balanced budget
4188:
4141:
4070:
4042:
4021:
3945:
3894:
3889:
3851:
3849:
3848:on May 26, 2018
3840:
3818:
3816:
3798:
3756:
3711:
3709:Further reading
3706:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3686:
3682:
3671:
3669:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3599:
3584:10.2307/2147300
3568:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3400:
3384:
3375:
3367:Harold Holzer,
3366:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3310:
3298:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3229:
3220:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3175:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3144:
3135:
3131:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3071:on July 2, 2012
3063:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3022:
3018:
3013:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2939:
2906:
2842:: April 4, 1861
2834:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2783:Abraham Lincoln
2769:
2700:Jefferson Davis
2675:
2646:
2645:
2550:Slave narrative
2501:Fugitive slaves
2481:
2473:
2472:
2463:
2431:Slave rebellion
2286:
2276:
2275:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2046:United Kingdom
1982:Yankee princess
1576:
1568:
1567:
1295:Avret Pazarları
1241:Avret Pazarları
1110:Medieval Europe
1076:
1066:
1065:
1004:Forced marriage
979:
936:
907:
906:
885:
877:
876:
825:
817:
816:
795:Bleeding Kansas
761:
753:
752:
633:
625:
624:
610:
598:
578:
556:
540:Abraham Lincoln
470:
430:
418:
408:
406:
360:
304:
260:
259:
103:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5810:
5800:
5799:
5797:1861 documents
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5735:
5734:
5727:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5706:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5689:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5488:
5476:
5468:
5457:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5438:James Buchanan
5434:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5411:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5385:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5339:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5235:
5234:South Carolina
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5215:William Blount
5211:
5209:
5208:North Carolina
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5178:Daniel Carroll
5175:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5142:John Dickinson
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5086:Thomas Mifflin
5083:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5055:David Brearley
5052:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4951:
4949:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4925:Taxation power
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4870:Implied powers
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4818:Interpretation
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4714:Recommendation
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4599:Fugitive Slave
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4569:
4567:Excessive Bail
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4467:Appropriations
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
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4048:Reconstruction
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3796:External links
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3183:Avalon Project
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2854:: May 31, 1861
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2776:James Buchanan
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480:is a proposed
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382:Amendments I–X
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351:Bill of Rights
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5241:John Rutledge
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5168:James McHenry
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5096:George Clymer
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5091:Robert Morris
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5018:Roger Sherman
5016:
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4985:Massachusetts
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4964:New Hampshire
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4890:Plenary power
4888:
4886:
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4860:Equal footing
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4781:Trial by Jury
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4634:Ineligibility
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4629:Import-Export
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4584:Free Exercise
4582:
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4573:Ex Post Facto
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4557:Establishment
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4507:Confrontation
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4407:
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4390:Syng inkstand
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4345:Virginia Plan
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4272:School Prayer
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3998:
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3993:
3990:
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3852:September 20,
3847:
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3789:
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3718:
3713:
3712:
3691:
3684:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3640:
3634:, pp. 522-523
3633:
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3432:
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3417:
3416:
3415:Resolution 10
3409:
3401:
3399:9781469627328
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3312:
3305:
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2915:
2910:
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2886:
2884:
2883:West Virginia
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2598:
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2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Slave catcher
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
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2521:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:Forced labour
2494:
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2487:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2476:
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2462:
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2364:
2361:
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2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2341:Abolitionists
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
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2259:
2255:
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2250:
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2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2220:
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2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:comfort women
1941:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1926:Chukri System
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:Latin America
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1765:interregional
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:prison labour
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1720:United States
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1698:
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1694:
1693:
1690:
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1579:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:White slavery
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Slave raiding
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Corvée labour
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
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1449:
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1443:
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1433:
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1428:
1426:
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1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
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1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
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1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Abbasid harem
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1248:Barbary Coast
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
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1193:
1192:
1189:
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1177:
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1143:
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1135:
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1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
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1111:
1108:
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1101:
1099:
1096:
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1089:
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1079:
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1069:
1062:
1059:
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1054:
1052:
1049:
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1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
981:
978:
973:
972:
968:
964:
963:
960:
956:
955:Forced labour
953:
952:
948:
944:
943:
933:
928:
926:
921:
919:
914:
913:
911:
910:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
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888:
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873:
872:
868:
866:
865:
861:
859:
856:
854:
853:
849:
847:
845:
840:
838:
837:
833:
831:
828:
827:
821:
820:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
802:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:
786:
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783:
779:
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772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
757:
756:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
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731:
729:
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724:
721:
719:
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714:
711:
709:
706:
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701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
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664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
629:
628:
621:
620:Panic of 1857
618:
616:
613:
612:
606:
605:
602:
597:
589:
588:Thomas Corwin
586:
582:
573:
571:
567:
561:
551:
547:
545:
541:
537:
536:Thomas Corwin
533:
529:
528:border states
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
467:
462:
460:
455:
453:
448:
447:
445:
444:
439:
434:
429:
427:
422:
417:
415:
405:
404:
403:
402:
397:
394:
393:
390:
387:
386:
383:
380:
379:
376:
373:
372:
371:
370:
367:
364:
363:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:Republicanism
342:
340:
337:
336:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
321:
318:
317:
315:
314:
311:
308:
307:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
116:
114:
113:
110:
107:
106:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
66:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
5738:
5729:
5722:
5703:Harriet Lane
5684:
5643:Public image
5633:
5586:
5387:
5379:
5312:
5111:James Wilson
5074:Pennsylvania
4971:John Langdon
4729:Speedy Trial
4571:
4462:Appointments
4396:
4179:Equal Rights
4168:
4075:20th century
3850:. Retrieved
3846:the original
3834:the original
3817:. Retrieved
3813:the original
3787:
3783:
3774:
3768:
3744:
3726:
3720:
3694:. Retrieved
3683:
3672:November 11,
3670:. Retrieved
3666:the original
3661:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3619:the original
3609:
3600:
3578:(1): 67–71.
3575:
3571:
3565:
3553:. Retrieved
3543:
3529:
3522:
3510:. Retrieved
3500:
3492:
3488:
3479:
3469:
3460:
3451:
3423:
3414:
3408:
3388:
3368:
3348:. Retrieved
3337:
3325:
3315:
3311:
3303:
3295:
3286:
3274:. Retrieved
3270:the original
3265:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3222:
3202:. Retrieved
3197:
3188:
3176:
3168:
3163:
3155:
3137:
3132:
3124:
3119:
3107:. Retrieved
3092:
3085:
3075:November 21,
3073:. Retrieved
3069:the original
3059:
3045:
3030:
3019:
2959:
2940:
2919:
2916:, March 1861
2887:
2876:
2869:
2852:Rhode Island
2809:
2797:
2792:
2781:
2770:
2758:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2734:Owen Lovejoy
2730:
2725:
2717:
2689:crisis. The
2680:
2577:Slave patrol
2409:Freedom suit
2385:Sierra Leone
2375:Colonization
2291:Abolitionism
2271:Baháʼí Faith
2244:Christianity
2194:Saudi Arabia
2050:Penal Labour
2015:Blackbirding
1921:Debt bondage
1909:penal system
1735:Contemporary
1725:Field slaves
1713:U.S. Natives
1672:South Africa
1543:Galley slave
1516:Slave market
1506:House slaves
1479:Blackbirding
1457:Conscription
1381:21st century
1344:Umm al-walad
1188:Muslim world
1157:Emancipation
1061:Wage slavery
1041:Penal labour
1019:Wife selling
1009:Bride buying
994:Conscription
984:Child Labour
977:Contemporary
889:
869:
862:
850:
843:
834:
799:
787:
780:
747:
570:three fifths
563:
558:
548:
509:
494:
477:
475:
295:Equal Rights
282:
261:
34:Constitution
18:
5498:(1821–1823)
5486:(1823–1831)
5474:(1834–1845)
5466:(1845–1849)
5455:(1857–1861)
5272:William Few
5152:Jacob Broom
5132:George Read
5006:Connecticut
4940:Signatories
4790:Legislative
4764:Territorial
4684:Presentment
4669:Origination
4624:Impeachment
4579:Extradition
4547:Engagements
4537:Due Process
4487:Citizenship
4174:Child Labor
3819:December 3,
3439:|work=
3247:Victor, 467
3198:history.com
3109:November 7,
2896:Republican
2707:proposed a
2592:court cases
2464: [
2414:Slave Power
2402:Manumission
2249:Catholicism
2124:Afghanistan
1865:Puerto Rico
1777:The Bahamas
1755:Slave codes
1558:Shanghaiing
1548:Impressment
1440:Slave Coast
1320:Qajar harem
1280:Concubinage
1253:slave trade
288:Child Labor
5761:Categories
5574:Presidency
5384:(painting)
5336:and legacy
5194:John Blair
5043:New Jersey
4997:Rufus King
4895:Preemption
4809:War Powers
4744:Suspension
4562:Exceptions
4252:Human Life
4151:Unratified
3951:Amendments
3777:(1): 1–26.
3555:January 6,
3011:References
2709:compromise
2607:J.Q. Adams
2597:Washington
2567:Slave name
2511:convention
2486:Common law
1859:Encomienda
1655:Seychelles
1640:Mauritania
1563:Slave ship
1430:Panyarring
1425:New France
1074:Historical
530:. Senator
518:after the
339:Federalism
327:Convention
5539:Doughface
5534:Wheatland
4905:Saxbe fix
4794:Executive
4749:Take Care
4739:Supremacy
4614:Guarantee
4542:Elections
4313:Formation
4026:1795–1804
3735:0193-4872
3512:April 10,
3441:ignored (
3431:cite book
3350:August 4,
3276:April 13,
3204:April 13,
2800:Civil War
2785:, in his
2773:President
2771:Outgoing
2763:in 1810.
2687:secession
2602:Jefferson
2254:Mormonism
2189:Palestine
2003:Australia
1933:Indonesia
1824:Lei Áurea
1807:Code Noir
1787:Caribbean
1760:Treatment
1499:Treatment
1472:Devshirme
1334:Odalisque
1152:In Russia
1093:Babylonia
1081:Antiquity
632:Political
482:amendment
366:Full text
5745:Category
5711:(nephew)
5604:Utah War
5187:Virginia
5161:Maryland
5125:Delaware
5027:New York
4804:Vicinage
4798:Judicial
4522:Contract
4492:Commerce
4380:Printing
4194:Proposed
3906:Preamble
3899:Articles
3790:: 18–91.
3696:March 2,
3027:(1965).
2977:See also
2864:Illinois
2858:Maryland
2840:Kentucky
2634:Iron bit
2624:40 acres
2587:breeding
2397:Freedman
2232:Religion
2092:Portugal
1977:Thailand
1967:Maldives
1962:Malaysia
1955:Kwalliso
1899:Booi Aha
1851:Restavek
1831:Colombia
1802:Trinidad
1792:Barbados
1682:Zanzibar
1630:Ethiopia
1511:Saqaliba
1405:Database
1356:Saqaliba
1117:Ancillae
947:a series
945:Part of
884:Military
824:Judicial
658:Gag rule
609:Economic
512:Southern
510:Several
61:Preamble
26:a series
5334:Display
5306:Related
5265:Georgia
4786:Vesting
4754:Takings
4639:Militia
4497:Compact
4449:Clauses
4375:Signing
4320:History
3729:: 501.
3592:2147300
2949:to the
2612:Lincoln
2480:Related
2380:Liberia
2266:Judaism
2204:Tunisia
2179:Morocco
2169:Lebanon
2134:Bahrain
2129:Algeria
2097:Romania
2062:Denmark
2055:Slavery
1989:Vietnam
1660:Somalia
1650:Nigeria
1625:Comoros
1553:Pirates
1462:Ghilman
1395:Bristol
1285:history
1258:pirates
1147:History
1036:Peonage
959:slavery
844:Amistad
497:slavery
484:to the
332:Signing
310:History
5696:Family
5392:(film)
4776:Treaty
4679:Postal
4674:Pardon
3752:
3733:
3590:
3396:
3100:
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