493:
334:
505:
40:
809:
Peña-MeliĂĄn Ă, Cabello-de la Rosa JP, Gallardo-Alcañiz MJ, Vaamonde-Gamo J, Relea-Calatayud F, GonzĂĄlez-LĂłpez L, Villanueva-Anguita P, Flores-Cuadrado A, Saiz-SĂĄnchez D, MartĂnez-Marcos A (March 2019). "Cranial Pair 0: The Nervus
Terminalis".
382:
The terminal nerve is clearly seen in the human embryo but loses some of its ganglion cells before birth making it less recognizable in adults. The nerve is therefore often overlooked in
104:
1949:
1944:
1873:
1728:
1708:
657:
257:
1713:
1314:
492:
80:
1891:
1718:
1665:
1660:
429:
The functions of the terminal nerve are only speculated on together with possible pathological implications. Although very close to the
1723:
1533:
504:
1324:
1939:
1252:
1090:
1523:
453:) more detectable. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that the terminal nerve projects to the medial and lateral
2045:
1518:
345:
and would, if earlier recognized, have been classified as cranial nerve one. It first appears bilaterally as a microscopic
1538:
1261:
1247:
652:
250:
17:
1896:
1528:
1506:
939:"The terminal nerve and its relation with extrabulbar "olfactory" projections: lessons from lampreys and lungfishes"
2013:
1844:
1839:
1795:
1790:
1501:
1821:
1816:
1021:
Taroc EZ, Naik AS, Lin JM, Peterson NB, Keefe DL, Genis E, Fuchs G, Balasubramanian R, Forni PE (January 2020).
2018:
1929:
1023:"Gli3 Regulates Vomeronasal Neurogenesis, Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Formation, and GnRH-1 Neuronal Migration"
647:
1970:
1934:
243:
99:
1237:
1083:
978:
Wirsig, Celeste (11 August 1987). "Terminal nerve damage impairs the mating behavior of the male hamster".
1749:
1193:
1154:
1868:
1566:
1491:
1319:
353:
2006:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1446:
1329:
337:
The original images (1878) of
Fritsch's dogfish shark brain showing the nerve marked by an asterisk
2068:
1580:
1076:
761:
Vilensky, JA (January 2014). "The neglected cranial nerve: nervus terminalis (cranial nerve N)".
230:
189:
535:
Ruqa WA, Pennacchia F, Rusi E, Zoccali F, Bruno G, Talarico G, Barbato C, Minni A (March 2024).
1638:
1468:
1453:
1441:
325:
regions. The nerve has previously been called cranial nerve XIII, zero nerve, nerve N, and NT.
291:
195:
111:
87:
75:
1909:
1696:
1904:
1626:
1556:
1481:
418:
808:
619:
Fuller GN, Burger PC (1990). "Nervus terminalis (cranial nerve zero) in the adult human".
602:
47:
The terminal nerve as it is shown on the ventral side of a dog-fish brain. (Topmost label)
8:
2037:
1421:
1339:
310:
in 1913. Studies have confirmed that the terminal nerve is a common finding in the adult
563:
536:
1496:
1416:
1232:
1047:
1022:
1003:
919:
876:
786:
738:
709:
695:
683:
360:
2028:
1614:
1609:
1592:
1282:
1052:
995:
991:
960:
911:
868:
827:
778:
743:
725:
717:
628:
568:
478:
414:
376:
372:
322:
213:
1007:
923:
790:
2001:
1975:
1965:
1754:
1744:
1621:
1561:
1380:
1359:
1349:
1302:
1256:
1220:
1042:
1038:
1034:
987:
950:
903:
880:
858:
819:
770:
733:
699:
598:
558:
548:
406:
368:
171:
159:
1989:
1691:
1597:
1354:
1273:
1169:
1142:
430:
410:
207:
165:
147:
1686:
1604:
1513:
1458:
1371:
1164:
1100:
434:
364:
342:
295:
287:
225:
177:
131:
894:
MĂŒller F, O'Rahilly R (2004). "Olfactory structures in staged human embryos".
333:
2062:
1808:
1779:
1701:
1678:
1649:
1463:
1120:
729:
721:
713:
458:
454:
450:
417:
and fibers of the terminal nerve enter the brain at stages 17 and 18. During
92:
1433:
1400:
1203:
1056:
964:
915:
872:
831:
782:
747:
572:
356:
183:
999:
632:
449:. The nerve may modulate olfactory inputs making pheromones (particularly
1768:
1208:
1181:
553:
350:
311:
201:
153:
704:
955:
938:
863:
846:
387:
907:
117:
1068:
823:
774:
446:
442:
399:
383:
290:
as CN I through CN XII, but has since been recognized and listed in
39:
1921:
477:
Alterations in the terminal nerve structure may be implicated in
466:
677:
675:
1883:
462:
346:
510:
Brain viewed from below. Gyrus rectus seen at anterior centre.
672:
307:
303:
299:
283:
63:
847:"Development of the nervus terminalis: origin and migration"
1831:
438:
286:
that was not included in the seminal classification of the
584:
582:
534:
498:
Three forms of the nerve on the underside of human brains
402:
was used as a developmental model in research from 2004.
386:, and is often torn out upon exposing the brain. Careful
589:
Fields, R. Douglas (2007). "Sex and the Secret Nerve".
579:
341:
The terminal nerve appears just in front of the other
441:
are analyzed. This suggests that the nerve is either
1020:
684:"Cranial nerves XIII and XIV: nerves in the shadows"
893:
682:Bordoni, Bruno; Zanier, Emiliano (March 13, 2013).
405:The connections between the terminal nerve and the
2060:
461:, all of which are involved in reproduction in
409:have been extensively studied in human embryos.
936:
469:is reduced when the terminal nerve is severed.
1084:
681:
433:, the terminal nerve is not connected to the
413:enter the brain at stage 17, fibers from the
251:
930:
618:
537:"Smelling TNT: Trends of the Terminal Nerve"
844:
1091:
1077:
639:
258:
244:
38:
1046:
954:
862:
804:
802:
800:
754:
737:
703:
562:
552:
760:
472:
332:
294:. It was discovered by German scientist
688:Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare
14:
2061:
1098:
977:
797:
648:"Scientists discover secret sex nerve"
645:
588:
530:
528:
526:
524:
390:is necessary to visualize the nerve.
1072:
1014:
614:
612:
603:10.1038/scientificamericanmind0207-20
421:some of the ganglion cells are lost.
484:
465:. A 1987 study found that mating in
445:or may be related to the sensing of
521:
371:and travels posteriorly toward the
24:
937:Von Bartheld CS (September 2004).
660:from the original on June 27, 2019
609:
25:
2080:
943:Microscopy Research and Technique
851:Microscopy Research and Technique
646:Berman, Laura (March 25, 2008).
503:
491:
971:
1039:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1977-19.2019
887:
845:Whitlock KE (September 2004).
838:
393:
367:. The plexus appears near the
321:is due to its entrance in the
13:
1:
1971:Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
515:
992:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90454-9
328:
7:
1750:Inferior salivatory nucleus
424:
10:
2085:
1194:lateral geniculate nucleus
1155:anterior olfactory nucleus
2027:
1988:
1958:
1920:
1882:
1874:Superior cervical cardiac
1830:
1806:
1777:
1767:
1737:
1676:
1647:
1637:
1579:
1567:Superior salivary nucleus
1549:
1479:
1430:
1409:
1399:
1370:
1320:spinal trigeminal nucleus
1301:
1272:
1219:
1180:
1141:
1107:
306:, and was first found in
110:
98:
86:
74:
62:
57:
52:
37:
32:
2007:spinal accessory nucleus
1447:pterygopalatine ganglion
1238:EdingerâWestphal nucleus
591:Scientific American Mind
1389:no significant branches
1291:no significant branches
1131:no significant branches
1709:Stylopharyngeal branch
1469:submandibular ganglion
1454:Nerve to the stapedius
411:olfactory nerve fibers
338:
112:Anatomical terminology
473:Clinical significance
336:
317:The accepted name of
1557:Facial motor nucleus
1253:parasympathetic root
896:Cells Tissues Organs
554:10.3390/ijms25073920
419:prenatal development
1869:Recurrent laryngeal
1714:Pharyngeal branches
1492:Posterior auricular
1340:trigeminal ganglion
705:10.2147/JMDH.S39132
1852:Superior laryngeal
1719:Tonsillar branches
1417:Intermediate nerve
1233:oculomotor nucleus
956:10.1002/jemt.20095
864:10.1002/jemt.20094
812:Anat Rec (Hoboken)
696:Dove Medical Press
361:subarachnoid space
339:
276:cranial nerve zero
18:Cranial nerve zero
2056:
2055:
1984:
1983:
1950:Posterior gastric
1845:pharyngeal plexus
1840:Pharyngeal branch
1763:
1762:
1627:Scarpa's ganglion
1615:lateral lemniscus
1610:striae medullares
1593:vestibular nuclei
1581:Vestibulocochlear
1575:
1574:
908:10.1159/000081720
485:Additional images
479:Kallmann syndrome
415:vomeronasal organ
377:lamina terminalis
373:olfactory trigone
323:lamina terminalis
268:
267:
190:Vestibulocochlear
126:
125:
121:
69:nervus terminalis
16:(Redirected from
2076:
2002:nucleus ambiguus
1976:Solitary nucleus
1966:Nucleus ambiguus
1945:Anterior gastric
1892:Inferior cardiac
1822:Auricular branch
1817:Meningeal branch
1775:
1774:
1755:Solitary nucleus
1745:Nucleus ambiguus
1724:Lingual branches
1645:
1644:
1639:Glossopharyngeal
1562:Solitary nucleus
1442:Greater petrosal
1407:
1406:
1257:ciliary ganglion
1093:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1018:
1012:
1011:
975:
969:
968:
958:
934:
928:
927:
891:
885:
884:
866:
842:
836:
835:
824:10.1002/ar.23826
806:
795:
794:
775:10.1002/ca.22130
763:Clinical Anatomy
758:
752:
751:
741:
707:
679:
670:
669:
667:
665:
643:
637:
636:
621:Clin Neuropathol
616:
607:
606:
586:
577:
576:
566:
556:
532:
507:
495:
407:olfactory system
369:cribriform plate
274:, also known as
260:
253:
246:
196:Glossopharyngeal
128:
127:
118:edit on Wikidata
115:
42:
30:
29:
21:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2023:
1980:
1954:
1916:
1878:
1826:
1802:
1759:
1733:
1697:lesser petrosal
1692:tympanic plexus
1672:
1633:
1598:cochlear nuclei
1571:
1545:
1483:
1475:
1432:
1426:
1395:
1366:
1297:
1268:
1215:
1176:
1170:olfactory tract
1137:
1103:
1097:
1066:
1064:
1019:
1015:
976:
972:
935:
931:
892:
888:
843:
839:
807:
798:
759:
755:
680:
673:
663:
661:
644:
640:
617:
610:
587:
580:
533:
522:
518:
511:
508:
499:
496:
487:
475:
431:olfactory nerve
427:
396:
331:
298:in 1878 in the
264:
235:
122:
48:
28:
27:Cranial nerve 0
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2082:
2072:
2071:
2069:Cranial nerves
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1995:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1784:
1782:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1683:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1642:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1605:Cochlear nerve
1602:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1514:Parotid plexus
1511:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1459:Chorda tympani
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1250:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1226:
1224:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1165:olfactory bulb
1159:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1105:
1104:
1101:cranial nerves
1096:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1073:
1063:
1062:
1033:(2): 311â326.
1013:
986:(2): 293â303.
980:Brain Research
970:
949:(1â2): 13â24.
929:
886:
837:
818:(3): 394â404.
796:
753:
671:
638:
608:
578:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
509:
502:
500:
497:
490:
486:
483:
474:
471:
459:preoptic areas
451:sex pheromones
435:olfactory bulb
426:
423:
395:
392:
365:straight gyrus
343:cranial nerves
330:
327:
319:terminal nerve
296:Gustav Fritsch
288:cranial nerves
272:terminal nerve
266:
265:
263:
262:
255:
248:
240:
237:
236:
234:
233:
228:
222:
219:
218:
217:
216:
210:
204:
198:
192:
186:
180:
174:
168:
162:
156:
150:
144:
135:
134:
132:Cranial nerves
124:
123:
114:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
43:
35:
34:
33:Terminal nerve
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:Vagal trunks
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1809:jugular fossa
1805:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1780:jugular fossa
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1729:Carotid sinus
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1702:otic ganglion
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1679:jugular fossa
1675:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1650:jugular fossa
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:lingual nerve
1462:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:septal nuclei
1119:
1118:
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905:
902:(2): 93â116.
901:
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865:
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857:(1â2): 2â12.
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627:(6): 279â83.
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541:Int J Mol Sci
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494:
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455:septal nuclei
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363:covering the
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41:
36:
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19:
1482:stylomastoid
1434:facial canal
1388:
1290:
1204:optic chiasm
1130:
1108:
1065:
1030:
1026:
1016:
983:
979:
973:
946:
942:
932:
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889:
854:
850:
840:
815:
811:
769:(1): 46â53.
766:
762:
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691:
687:
662:. Retrieved
651:
641:
624:
620:
594:
590:
544:
540:
476:
428:
404:
397:
381:
357:nerve fibers
351:unmyelinated
340:
318:
316:
279:
275:
271:
269:
141:
81:A14.2.01.002
68:
44:
2029:Hypoglossal
1410:Near origin
1209:optic tract
547:(7): 3920.
394:Development
312:human brain
214:Hypoglossal
58:Identifiers
1622:Vestibular
1534:mandibular
1507:stylohyoid
1497:Suprahyoid
1422:Geniculate
1360:mandibular
1350:ophthalmic
1303:Trigeminal
1221:Oculomotor
1027:J Neurosci
516:References
447:pheromones
388:dissection
354:peripheral
188:CN VIII â
172:Trigeminal
160:Oculomotor
2042:Branches
1990:Accessory
1910:posterior
1897:Pulmonary
1583:(CN VIII)
1524:zygomatic
1502:digastric
1385:Branches
1355:maxillary
1346:Branches
1287:Branches
1274:Trochlear
1244:Branches
1143:Olfactory
730:319595339
722:1178-2390
714:1178-2390
698:: 87â91.
653:TODAY.com
443:vestigial
400:zebrafish
384:autopsies
329:Structure
212:CN XII â
208:Accessory
182:CN VII â
166:Trochlear
158:CN III â
148:Olfactory
2063:Category
2031:(CN XII)
1905:anterior
1862:internal
1857:external
1796:inferior
1791:superior
1787:Ganglia
1687:Tympanic
1666:inferior
1661:superior
1657:Ganglia
1539:cervical
1519:temporal
1403:(CN VII)
1372:Abducens
1262:inferior
1248:superior
1223:(CN III)
1109:Terminal
1057:31767679
1008:33371658
965:15570592
924:43056268
916:15604533
873:15570589
832:29663690
791:21454488
783:22836597
748:23516138
664:June 27,
658:Archived
597:: 20â7.
573:38612730
564:11011448
467:hamsters
457:and the
437:, where
425:Function
226:Overview
206:CN XI â
194:CN IX â
178:Abducens
176:CN VI â
164:CN IV â
152:CN II â
142:Terminal
2046:lingual
2038:Nucleus
2014:Cranial
1998:Nuclei
1992:(CN XI)
1940:Hepatic
1922:Abdomen
1778:Before
1648:Before
1641:(CN IX)
1589:Nuclei
1484:foramen
1381:Nucleus
1374:(CN VI)
1336:Course
1311:Nuclei
1283:Nucleus
1276:(CN IV)
1229:Nuclei
1200:Course
1190:Nuclei
1184:(CN II)
1161:Course
1151:Nuclei
1127:Course
1117:Nuclei
1048:6948949
1000:3308003
881:8736656
739:3601045
633:2286018
463:mammals
359:in the
282:, is a
200:CN X â
170:CN V â
146:CN I â
140:CN 0 â
53:Details
2019:Spinal
1959:Nuclei
1930:Celiac
1884:Thorax
1807:After
1771:(CN X)
1738:Nuclei
1677:After
1550:Nuclei
1529:buccal
1431:Inside
1401:Facial
1305:(CN V)
1145:(CN I)
1111:(CN 0)
1055:
1045:
1006:
998:
963:
922:
914:
879:
871:
830:
789:
781:
746:
736:
728:
720:
712:
631:
571:
561:
439:smells
347:plexus
308:humans
304:sharks
300:brains
184:Facial
1935:Renal
1769:Vagus
1182:Optic
1004:S2CID
920:S2CID
877:S2CID
787:S2CID
710:eISSN
284:nerve
231:Table
202:Vagus
154:Optic
116:[
105:76749
64:Latin
1832:Neck
1099:The
1053:PMID
996:PMID
961:PMID
912:PMID
869:PMID
828:PMID
779:PMID
744:PMID
726:OCLC
718:ISSN
666:2019
629:PMID
569:PMID
398:The
375:and
280:CN 0
270:The
93:6179
76:TA98
45:Left
1480:At
1330:TMN
1315:PSN
1255:of
1043:PMC
1035:doi
988:doi
984:417
951:doi
904:doi
900:178
859:doi
820:doi
816:302
771:doi
734:PMC
700:doi
599:doi
559:PMC
549:doi
349:of
302:of
292:TA2
100:FMA
88:TA2
2065::
1325:MN
1051:.
1041:.
1031:40
1029:.
1025:.
1002:.
994:.
982:.
959:.
947:65
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941:.
918:.
910:.
898:.
875:.
867:.
855:65
853:.
849:.
826:.
814:.
799:^
785:.
777:.
767:27
765:.
742:.
732:.
724:.
716:.
708:.
694:.
690:.
686:.
674:^
656:.
650:.
623:.
611:^
595:18
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581:^
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545:25
543:.
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523:^
481:.
379:.
314:.
1092:e
1085:t
1078:v
1059:.
1037::
1010:.
990::
967:.
953::
926:.
906::
883:.
861::
834:.
822::
793:.
773::
750:.
702::
692:6
668:.
635:.
625:9
605:.
601::
575:.
551::
259:e
252:t
245:v
120:]
20:)
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