444:
347:
58:
604:
He also faced a number of problems, such as increasing demands for the abolition of the monarchy, disorganisation among the country's political parties after seven years of repression making the calling of prompt elections an impossible task, labour unrest, and at least one military uprising. One of
497:, stating in a telegram to the War Minister in August 1921 that "I have been obstinately refractary to the use of suffocating gases against these indigenous peoples but after what they have done, and of their treacherous and deceptive conduct, I have to use them with true joy."
567:
Despite attempts to bring the process to a halt by Primo de Rivera (he even attempted to confiscate the report), the trial on the performance of
Berenguer and Navarro began on 16 June 1924. Attempting to pander to the military, Primo de Rivera amnestied Berenguer.
578:
In
January 1930, following the forced resignation of Primo de Rivera, Alfonso XIII tasked Berenguer with the formation of a government seeking to restore the country to its pre-1923 state, as if nothing had happened in between. During
355:
564:, the brother of Dámaso. Yet, ultimately, despite their differences, they shared the same contempt for what they thought to be persecution of the military by the government due to Annual.
535:
2509:
1636:
1485:
1334:
2038:
1181:
2514:
1555:
1339:
665:
1433:
2407:
1438:
1131:"Las ciudades santas y prohibidas de Marruecos: La santidad, la sacralidad y la impenetrabilidad de Chefchauen en los textos coloniales españoles y franceses"
241:
2289:
1297:
554:
308:
1763:
1011:"De la Monarquía a la República: el gobierno del general Dámaso Berenguer en los informes del nuncio Federico Tedeschini (enero de 1930-febrero de 1931)"
530:, as the King appointed the former as Prime Minister after the success of the coup d'état. Primo de Rivera, previously associated with pro-abandonment (
2504:
1246:
1073:
2432:
1460:
1388:
1356:
542:
2031:
437:
360:
48:
1010:
168:
1778:
1773:
1480:
904:
605:
the last straws nailing the coffin of the monarchist regime was an article titled "el error
Berenguer" (the Berenguer mistake), authored by
217:
213:
1393:
571:
In 1926, Berenguer became Chief of Staff of the
Military House of the King, a post conventionally destined to burned-out generals liked by
1613:
1510:
2024:
1423:
1444:
2519:
1667:
1630:
1603:
1586:
1470:
1490:
1214:
1239:
1021:
1805:
1398:
1200:
1142:
1029:
955:
921:
632:. He was cleared in 1935 and retired from public life. He played no relevant role in the July 1936 uprising that led to the
2326:
2084:
1383:
838:
1367:
500:
After three previous rejected attempts to hand in his resignation as High
Commissioner, he finally did so by mid 1922. An
2529:
2489:
1955:
1318:
1408:
1475:
580:
2494:
1995:
1232:
417:
515:
Amid the structural collapse of the
Restoration regime, by the summer of 1923, plotting took place in the military.
977:
448:
1738:
1292:
934:(2010). "The Making of an Interventionist Army, 1898–1923". In Romero Salvadó, Francisco J.; Smith, Angel (eds.).
2063:
628:
was declared. Berenguer was tried on his performance in
Morocco and irregularities in the repression of the 1930
583:, Berenguer repealed some of the harsher measures introduced by Primo de Rivera, earning his regime the nickname
527:
490:
1701:
2524:
2058:
1657:
1090:
1820:
1515:
1312:
621:
516:
512:
the 1921 collapse, and
Berenguer, in his capacity as High Commissioner, found himself among those martialled.
156:
114:
2336:
1939:
433:
1793:
1768:
1307:
2279:
1758:
1727:
1525:
1373:
913:
1706:
1545:
1535:
1530:
1505:
1455:
1428:
1418:
1361:
1351:
1345:
624:, under whom he served as Minister of War. Two months later, King Alfonso XIII fled the country and the
2094:
2047:
1711:
1450:
1329:
1302:
2499:
2145:
2130:
1899:
1874:
1403:
867:
455:
The disaster for the
Spanish Army in Morocco in the summer of 1921, which included the defeat at the
333:
270:
2321:
1879:
1799:
1716:
1677:
1618:
994:
2484:
2422:
2397:
2099:
1884:
1018:
Del siglo XIX al XXI. Tendencias y debates: XIV Congreso de la
Asociación de Historia Contemporánea
460:
370:
1889:
1859:
505:
2346:
2089:
2016:
1830:
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313:
121:
69:
1844:
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410:
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523:
102:
2125:
1869:
1721:
1565:
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1413:
443:
2448:
2135:
1990:
1980:
1652:
1540:
1520:
1500:
559:
429:
90:
2479:
2474:
2412:
1969:
1963:
1945:
1642:
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1608:
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1278:
606:
8:
2274:
2208:
2079:
1933:
1687:
1647:
1495:
1378:
1324:
1041:"El Desastre de Annual. El pleito de las responsabilidades en la gran prensa (1921-1923)"
508:
had already been opened to determine responsibility for the disastrous military strategy
470:
2331:
229:
2155:
2150:
1465:
1135:
Religión y patrimonio cultural en Marruecos. Una aproximación antropológica e histórica
966:
939:
549:
2284:
1985:
2417:
2402:
2188:
2165:
1854:
1733:
1206:
1196:
1168:
1138:
1130:
1117:
1077:
1052:
1025:
981:
951:
931:
917:
633:
620:
Berenguer resigned as prime minister on 14 February 1931; he was replaced by Admiral
572:
534:) stances vis-à-vis Morocco had been counterintuitively supported in his coup by the
395:
346:
1153:
2361:
2223:
2160:
1928:
1753:
1109:
943:
456:
399:
391:
57:
2356:
2005:
1975:
465:
2377:
2305:
2233:
1914:
1662:
406:
312:(4 August 1873 – 19 May 1953) was a Spanish general and politician. He served as
286:
1849:
1113:
1040:
180:
2269:
2264:
2140:
1864:
1672:
553:
generals in Madrid vying for stronger interventionism in Morocco that included
329:
266:
1904:
2468:
2453:
2427:
2248:
2218:
2000:
1788:
1743:
1580:
1210:
1172:
1121:
1081:
1056:
985:
629:
387:
1894:
2213:
2203:
1783:
1224:
501:
317:
201:
142:
22:
947:
666:"CHCM destaca el libro Campañas en el Rif y Yebala" del General Berenguer"
2228:
585:
2238:
936:
The Agony of Spanish Liberalism. From Revolution to Dictatorship 1913–23
354:
visiting Carabanchel in 1913 for the latter's pledge of allegiance, by
872:
2104:
1591:
382:
1002:
Historia contemporánea de España desde 1923. Dictadura y democracia
2046:
700:
2243:
2109:
494:
461:
ensuing slaughter of about 2,000 Spanish soldiers in Monte Arruit
421:
340:
26:
770:
768:
719:
717:
715:
729:
640:
282:
807:
463:, murdered by the Riffians after their surrender, delivered a
394:
in 1912, bringing the end of the campaign. He was promoted to
1259:
845:
765:
753:
712:
688:
967:"Padrino y patrón. Alfonso XIII y sus oficiales (1902-1923)"
880:
1192:
1154:"La cultura africanista en el Ejército español (1909-1975)"
1133:. In Gómez Pellón, Eloy; González Vázquez, Araceli (eds.).
1105:
2510:
Spanish military personnel of the Second Melillan campaign
676:
575:
in order to move them away from the spotlight for a time.
797:
795:
741:
819:
780:
839:"Aproximación a la realidad histórica y sociopolítica"
792:
424:
on 14 October 1920, and Berenguer, one of the leading
339:
He enlisted in the army in 1889, served in Cuba and
1161:
Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea
1137:. Seville: Signatura Ediciones. pp. 263–298.
964:
723:
902:
735:
2466:
1128:
1088:
974:Hispania Nova. Revista de Historia Contemporánea
813:
774:
706:
694:
390:, leading the action that killed Riffian leader
316:during the last thirteen months of the reign of
2515:Spanish military personnel of the Kert campaign
1151:
1074:Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales
1063:
851:
759:
33: and the second or maternal family name is
2048:Franco-Spanish conquest of Morocco (1844–1934)
1091:"El proceso Berenguer: Sus efectos en Melilla"
473:. The armed forces was deeply divided between
2032:
1240:
1066:"Ortega y Gasset ante las Derechas Españolas"
1008:
886:
1254:
1179:
682:
1038:
747:
82:30 January 1930 – 18 February 1931
2039:
2025:
1247:
1233:
992:
825:
786:
593:meaning soft, as opposed to the preceding
386:on 30 June 1911 and fought in the ensuing
193:9 November 1918 – 27 January 1919
56:
16:Spanish general and politician (1873-1953)
2505:Spanish military personnel of the Rif War
1045:Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar
491:use of chemical weapons against civilians
442:
345:
134:30 January 1930 – 14 April 1931
930:
801:
2467:
1089:González Sánchez, José Javier (1985).
1064:González Cuevas, Pedro Carlos (2006).
1022:Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
526:took place in Barcelona, bringing the
2020:
1228:
862:
860:
418:High Commissioner of Spain in Morocco
2095:Second Franco-Moroccan War (1907–12)
965:Bru Sánchez-Fortún, Alberto (2006).
373:, taking part in the action of the
13:
1129:González Vázquez, Araceli (2011).
857:
601:being the Spanish word for hard).
14:
2541:
1152:Iglesias Amorín, Alfonso (2016).
995:"La dictadura de Primo de Rivera"
903:Albi de la Cuesta, Julio (2016).
436:, was granted the noble title of
416:He was appointed January 1919 as
2146:Battle of Sidi Bou Othman (1912)
2131:Bombardment of Casablanca (1907)
2080:First Franco-Moroccan War (1844)
1268:Acting prime ministers shown in
1193:UNED Centro Asociado de Asturias
1180:Ramos Oliver, Francisco (2013).
978:Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
841:. Éditions Ellipses. p. 13.
2064:Spanish protectorate in Morocco
831:
528:dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
334:Spanish administrative division
332:, Cuba, while the island was a
2520:Spanish people in Spanish Cuba
2085:Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)
2059:French protectorate in Morocco
1009:Fuster Cancio, Mónica (2019).
658:
1:
1070:Revista de Estudios Políticos
646:
613:, which famously ended with "
589:(the toothless dictatorship,
581:his mandate as prime minister
2433:Franco-Spanish Treaty (1912)
2136:Battle of Wolf Ravine (1909)
993:Egido León, Ángeles (2011).
489:. Berenguer sanctioned the
323:
25:, the first or paternal
7:
2423:Morocco–Congo Treaty (1911)
2413:Algeciras Conference (1906)
2090:First Melilla War (1893–94)
1114:10.5944/aldaba.5.1985.19613
1039:Gájate Bajo, María (2013).
622:Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
383:Fuerzas Regulares Indígenas
350:Berenguer and a company of
157:Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
115:Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas
10:
2546:
2530:Defence ministers of Spain
2490:People from Remedios, Cuba
2337:Manuel Fernández Silvestre
2126:Bombardment of Salé (1851)
1182:"Las guerras de Marruecos"
434:Manuel Fernández Silvestre
405:In 1918, he was appointed
398:in 1916, and, in 1918, to
307:Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté,
20:
2441:
2390:
2370:
2314:
2298:
2280:Joseph-François Poeymirau
2257:
2181:
2174:
2156:Battle of El Herri (1914)
2151:Battle of El Ksiba (1913)
2141:Bloody Days of Fes (1912)
2118:
2100:Second Melilla War (1909)
2072:
2054:
1954:
1913:
1829:
1686:
1564:
1277:
1266:
447:Photographic portrait by
420:. He proceeded to occupy
300:
292:
276:
256:
251:
247:
235:
223:
207:
197:
186:
174:
162:
148:
138:
127:
120:
108:
96:
86:
75:
68:
64:
55:
42:
2495:Prime ministers of Spain
2449:Tangier Crisis (1905–06)
2418:Pact of Cartagena (1907)
2403:Treaty of Wad Ras (1860)
2398:Treaty of Tangier (1844)
2166:Alhucemas Landing (1925)
868:"El destino de una vida"
371:Second Melillan campaign
330:San Juan de los Remedios
267:San Juan de los Remedios
261:Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté
122:Minister of War of Spain
2327:Arsenio Martínez-Campos
2161:Battle of Annual (1921)
1165:Universidad de Alicante
724:Bru Sánchez-Fortún 2006
504:carried out by General
70:Prime Minister of Spain
2352:Miguel Primo de Rivera
2322:Juan García y Margallo
2199:Mouha ou Hammou Zayani
2194:Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni
736:Albi de la Cuesta 2016
524:Miguel Primo de Rivera
502:official investigation
452:
366:
328:Berenguer was born in
103:Miguel Primo de Rivera
2525:Spanish war criminals
948:10.1057/9780230274648
914:Ministerio de Defensa
814:González Sánchez 1985
775:González Sánchez 1985
707:González Vázquez 2011
695:González Sánchez 1985
615:Delenda est monarchia
506:Juan Picasso González
469:to the regime of the
446:
409:under Prime Minister
349:
280:19 May 1953 (aged 79)
2454:Agadir Crisis (1911)
2428:Treaty of Fes (1912)
2408:Treaty of Fes (1894)
1739:Fernández-Villaverde
1566:Democratic Sexennium
1106:Centro Asociado UNED
852:González Cuevas 2006
760:Iglesias Amorín 2016
607:Jose Ortega y Gasset
517:In September 1923 a
411:Manuel García Prieto
214:Manuel García Prieto
2275:Paul Prosper Henrys
2105:Zaian War (1914–21)
1293:Martínez de la Rosa
709:, pp. 279–280.
2347:José Millán-Astray
2290:Henry de Bournazel
2219:Sidi Ahmed El Hiba
1915:Spain under Franco
1308:Álvarez Mendizábal
1220:on 27 August 2020.
940:Palgrave Macmillan
932:Balfour, Sebastian
887:Fuster Cancio 2019
876:. 18 October 1980.
672:. 1 December 2017.
639:Berenguer died in
453:
367:
309:1st Count of Xauen
218:Álvaro de Figueroa
2462:
2461:
2386:
2385:
2189:Mohammed Ameziane
2110:Rif War (1921–26)
2014:
2013:
1940:Fernández-Miranda
1279:Queen Isabella II
1202:978-84-88642-16-5
1144:978-84-96210-98-1
1031:978-84-17422-62-2
957:978-1-349-36383-4
923:978-84-9091-143-3
906:En torno a Annual
683:Ramos Oliver 2013
634:Spanish Civil War
573:King Alfonso XIII
451:published in 1919
396:brigadier general
375:Barranco del Lobo
369:He served in the
304:
303:
242:Diego Muñoz Comos
2537:
2500:Spanish generals
2362:Francisco Franco
2342:Dámaso Berenguer
2332:José Marina Vega
2209:Mhand n'Ifrutant
2179:
2178:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2018:
2017:
1922:
1921:
1838:
1837:
1695:
1694:
1573:
1572:
1286:
1285:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1213:. Archived from
1186:
1176:
1163:(15). Alicante:
1158:
1148:
1125:
1095:
1085:
1060:
1035:
1015:
1005:
999:
989:
971:
961:
927:
911:
890:
884:
878:
877:
864:
855:
849:
843:
842:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
790:
784:
778:
772:
763:
757:
751:
748:Gájate Bajo 2013
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
673:
662:
563:
546:
457:Battle of Annual
432:in Africa along
400:division general
392:Mohamed Ameziane
364:
252:Personal details
238:
230:José Marina Vega
226:
210:
191:
177:
165:
151:
132:
111:
99:
80:
60:
44:Dámaso Berenguer
40:
39:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2485:Counts of Spain
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2437:
2382:
2378:Mohamed Meziane
2366:
2310:
2306:Thami El Glaoui
2294:
2285:Philippe Pétain
2253:
2234:Assou Oubasslam
2170:
2114:
2068:
2050:
2045:
2015:
2010:
1950:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1890:Martínez Barrio
1860:Martínez Barrio
1835:
1834:
1833:
1831:Second Republic
1825:
1811:Primo de Rivera
1794:Sánchez de Toca
1759:López Domínguez
1712:Martínez Campos
1692:
1691:
1690:
1688:The Restoration
1682:
1673:Sierra Bullones
1570:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1352:Pérez de Castro
1335:Heredia-Spínola
1283:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1262:
1256:Prime ministers
1253:
1217:
1203:
1184:
1156:
1145:
1093:
1072:(133). Madrid:
1032:
1013:
997:
969:
958:
924:
909:
894:
893:
885:
881:
866:
865:
858:
850:
846:
837:
836:
832:
826:Egido León 2011
824:
820:
812:
808:
800:
793:
787:Egido León 2011
785:
781:
773:
766:
758:
754:
746:
742:
734:
730:
722:
713:
705:
701:
693:
689:
681:
677:
664:
663:
659:
649:
557:
540:
519:pronunciamiento
483:responsibilists
407:Minister of War
380:He founded the
358:
326:
287:Francoist Spain
281:
265:
263:
262:
236:
224:
216:
208:
192:
187:
175:
163:
155:
149:
133:
128:
109:
97:
81:
76:
51:
45:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
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2477:
2460:
2459:
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2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
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2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2371:Spanish allies
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2270:Hubert Lyautey
2267:
2265:Charles Mangin
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2249:Beni Ouryaghel
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1934:Carrero Blanco
1931:
1925:
1923:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1806:Sánchez-Guerra
1803:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1764:Vega de Armijo
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1576:
1574:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:González Bravo
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1414:González Bravo
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1287:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1201:
1177:
1149:
1143:
1126:
1104:(5). Melilla:
1086:
1061:
1051:(3): 119–138.
1036:
1030:
1006:
990:
962:
956:
928:
922:
899:
898:
892:
891:
889:, p. 688.
879:
856:
844:
830:
818:
806:
804:, p. 267.
791:
779:
764:
762:, p. 109.
752:
750:, p. 120.
740:
738:, p. 432.
728:
711:
699:
687:
685:, p. 175.
675:
656:
655:
654:
653:
648:
645:
438:Count of Xauen
325:
322:
314:Prime Minister
302:
301:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
278:
274:
273:
260:
258:
254:
253:
249:
248:
245:
244:
239:
233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
211:
209:Prime Minister
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
184:
183:
178:
172:
171:
166:
160:
159:
152:
150:Prime Minister
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
125:
124:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
73:
72:
66:
65:
62:
61:
53:
52:
49:Count of Xauen
46:
43:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2542:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:José Sanjurjo
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:French allies
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Ma al-'Aynayn
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1845:Alcalá-Zamora
1843:
1842:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1821:Aznar-Cabañas
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:García Prieto
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Ruiz Zorrilla
1641:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Ruiz Zorrilla
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Bravo Murillo
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:García Goyena
1449:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1404:Gómez Becerra
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1007:
1003:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
976:(6). Getafe:
975:
968:
963:
959:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
919:
915:
908:
907:
901:
900:
896:
895:
888:
883:
875:
874:
869:
863:
861:
854:, p. 81.
853:
848:
840:
834:
828:, p. 22.
827:
822:
816:, p. 99.
815:
810:
803:
798:
796:
789:, p. 23.
788:
783:
777:, p. 97.
776:
771:
769:
761:
756:
749:
744:
737:
732:
725:
720:
718:
716:
708:
703:
697:, p. 98.
696:
691:
684:
679:
671:
667:
661:
657:
651:
650:
644:
642:
637:
635:
631:
630:Jaca uprising
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:
582:
576:
574:
569:
565:
561:
556:
552:
551:
544:
539:
538:
533:
529:
525:
521:
520:
513:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:
466:coup de grâce
462:
458:
450:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
388:Kert campaign
385:
384:
378:
376:
372:
362:
357:
353:
348:
344:
342:
337:
335:
331:
321:
319:
315:
311:
310:
299:
295:
291:
288:
284:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:4 August 1873
259:
255:
250:
246:
243:
240:
234:
231:
228:
222:
219:
215:
212:
206:
203:
200:
196:
190:
185:
182:
179:
173:
170:
169:Julio Ardanaz
167:
161:
158:
153:
147:
144:
141:
137:
131:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
101:
95:
92:
89:
85:
79:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
41:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
2341:
2214:Ali Amhaouch
2204:Moha ou Said
1981:Calvo-Sotelo
1968:
1938:
1815:
1798:
1726:
1635:
1623:
1596:
1579:
1443:
1366:
1344:
1317:
1269:
1215:the original
1188:
1160:
1134:
1101:
1097:
1069:
1048:
1044:
1020:. Alicante:
1017:
1001:
973:
935:
905:
897:Bibliography
882:
871:
847:
833:
821:
809:
802:Balfour 2010
782:
755:
743:
731:
702:
690:
678:
669:
660:
638:
619:
614:
610:
603:
598:
594:
590:
584:
577:
570:
566:
548:
547:, a quad of
537:Cuadrilátero
536:
531:
518:
514:
509:
499:
486:
482:
478:
475:africanistas
474:
464:
454:
430:Alfonso XIII
425:
415:
404:
381:
379:
374:
368:
351:
338:
327:
318:Alfonso XIII
306:
305:
237:Succeeded by
202:Alfonso XIII
188:
181:Manuel Azaña
176:Succeeded by
143:Alfonso XIII
129:
110:Succeeded by
91:Alfonso XIII
77:
34:
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
2480:1953 deaths
2475:1873 births
2229:Abd el-Krim
1986:F. González
1920:(1936–1975)
1870:Chapaprieta
1836:(1931–1939)
1693:(1874–1931)
1637:Mendigorría
1571:(1868–1874)
1486:Mendigorría
1399:J. M. López
1389:A. González
1357:A. González
1284:(1833–1868)
1195:: 165–186.
670:Melilla Hoy
586:dictablanda
558: [
541: [
532:abandonista
493:during the
471:Restoration
440:in reward.
359: [
293:Nationality
225:Preceded by
164:Preceded by
98:Preceded by
2469:Categories
2175:Key people
1956:Since 1975
1424:Miraflores
1167:: 99–122.
1108:: 97–106.
1076:: 59–116.
912:. Madrid:
647:References
550:Africanist
2315:Spaniards
2182:Moroccans
1816:Berenguer
1779:Romanones
1769:Canalejas
1728:Azcárraga
1541:O'Donnell
1521:O'Donnell
1501:O'Donnell
1496:Espartero
1481:Sartorius
1445:Salamanca
1434:Sotomayor
1379:Espartero
1325:Espartero
1319:Calatrava
1211:1130-314X
1191:. Gijón:
1173:1579-3311
1122:0213-7925
1082:0048-7694
1057:2254-6111
986:1138-7319
652:Citations
643:in 1953.
595:dictadura
510:vis-à-vis
487:impunists
426:protegees
352:regulares
324:Biography
189:In office
130:In office
78:In office
31:Berenguer
2391:Treaties
2239:Aït Atta
1996:Zapatero
1970:Santiago
1800:Bugallal
1707:Jovellar
1663:Castelar
1658:Salmerón
1648:Figueras
1614:Malcampo
1526:Arrazola
1476:Lersundi
1368:Cortázar
626:Republic
555:Federico
479:junteros
459:and the
377:(1909).
21:In this
2244:Zayanes
2119:Battles
2006:Sánchez
1885:Casares
1875:Portela
1855:Lerroux
1749:Montero
1734:Silvela
1717:Sagasta
1702:Cánovas
1678:Sagasta
1668:Serrano
1631:Serrano
1619:Sagasta
1604:Serrano
1587:Serrano
1546:Narváez
1536:Narváez
1516:Istúriz
1506:Narváez
1471:Roncali
1461:Clonard
1456:Narváez
1439:Pacheco
1429:Narváez
1419:Narváez
1409:Olózaga
1330:Bardají
1313:Istúriz
1270:italics
873:El País
495:Rif War
449:Franzen
422:Chaouen
341:Morocco
296:Spanish
198:Monarch
154:Himself
139:Monarch
87:Monarch
27:surname
2442:Crises
2258:French
1976:Suárez
1929:Franco
1905:Negrín
1880:Barcía
1865:Samper
1722:Posada
1625:Topete
1598:Topete
1556:Havana
1511:Armero
1384:Ferrer
1374:Sancho
1362:Ferraz
1298:Toreno
1209:
1199:
1189:Entemu
1171:
1141:
1120:
1098:Aldaba
1080:
1055:
1028:
984:
954:
920:
641:Madrid
611:El Sol
591:blanda
356:Campúa
283:Madrid
2001:Rajoy
1991:Aznar
1964:Arias
1946:Arias
1900:Largo
1895:Giral
1850:Azaña
1789:Maura
1754:Moret
1744:Maura
1581:Madoz
1491:Rivas
1394:Rodil
1346:Alaix
1340:Frías
1303:Álava
1260:Spain
1218:(PDF)
1185:(PDF)
1157:(PDF)
1094:(PDF)
1014:(PDF)
998:(PDF)
970:(PDF)
910:(PDF)
562:]
545:]
363:]
47:1st.
35:Fusté
2073:Wars
1784:Dato
1592:Prim
1207:ISSN
1197:ISBN
1169:ISSN
1139:ISBN
1118:ISSN
1078:ISSN
1053:ISSN
1026:ISBN
982:ISSN
952:ISBN
918:ISBN
599:dura
485:vs.
481:and
477:vs.
277:Died
271:Cuba
257:Born
1531:Mon
1258:of
1110:doi
944:doi
617:".
609:in
522:by
428:of
29:is
2471::
1653:Pi
1205:.
1187:.
1159:.
1116:.
1100:.
1096:.
1068:.
1047:.
1043:.
1024:.
1016:.
1000:.
980:.
972:.
950:.
942:.
938:.
916:.
870:.
859:^
794:^
767:^
714:^
668:.
636:.
597:,
560:es
543:es
413:.
402:.
361:es
343:.
336:.
320:.
285:,
269:,
2040:e
2033:t
2026:v
1272:.
1248:e
1241:t
1234:v
1175:.
1147:.
1124:.
1112::
1102:5
1084:.
1059:.
1049:2
1034:.
1004:.
988:.
960:.
946::
926:.
726:.
365:.
37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
