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is, in many ways, "the antithesis of Virgil; for he conveys at its sharpest the ultimate and universal pain of Hell: isolation." It is Virgil, Dante's guide through Hell, who tells Dante "that the inhabitants of the infernal region are those who have lost the good of intellect; the substance of evil, the loss of humanity, intelligence, good will, and the capacity to love." Satan stands at the center because he is the epitome of Dante's Hell.
250:
20:
53:. Satan has three faces and a pair of bat-like wings affixed under each chin. As Satan beats his wings, he creates a cold wind that continues to freeze the ice surrounding him and the other sinners in the Ninth Circle. The winds he creates are felt throughout the other circles of Hell. In his three mouths, he chews on
209:
This immediately backfired on Satan. God sentenced him as a betrayer and banished him from Heaven. Dante uses this idea to create a physical place Satan created after his impact with the earth. According to Dante, the pit the
Pilgrim climbs down to reach the center of Hell is literally the hole that
163:
The reason for Satan's eternal punishment was his desire to be as powerful as the Divine. When Satan was cast out of Heaven, he "excavated the underworld cosmos in which the damned are held". Satan's punishment is the opposite of what he was trying to achieve: power and a voice over God. Satan also
154:
Uncharacteristically of Dante, he remains silent in Satan's presence. Dante examines the sinners who are "covered wholly by ice, / showing like straw in glass – some lying prone, / and some erect, some with the head towards us, / the others with the bottoms of the feet; another like a bow bent feet
147:
Dante's Hell is divided into nine circles, the ninth circle being divided further into four rings, their boundaries only marked by the depth of their sinners' immersion in the ice; Satan sits in the last ring, Judecca. It is in the fourth ring of the ninth circle, where the worst sinners, the
73:
in Hell as the ultimate sinner. Dante illustrates a less powerful Satan than most standard depictions; he is slobbering, wordless, and receives the same punishments in Hell as the rest of the sinners. In the text, Dante vividly illustrates Satan's grotesque physical attributes.
217:, but rather than moving by attracting us towards them, they move us by repelling us away from them, as evil was understood to do in scholastic philosophy. Thus, since they wanted to be God, Dante makes them godlike but at the farthest distance removed from God.
148:
betrayers to their benefactors, are punished. Here, these condemned souls, frozen into the ice, are completely unable to move or speak and are contorted into all sorts of fantastical shapes as a part of their punishment.
192:
Dante's Satan remains a common image in popular portrayals. The answer to the question of how Satan wound up in the bottom of the pit in Dante's
Inferno lies in Christian theological history. Some interpretations of the
197:, combined with apocryphal texts, explain that Satan was cast from Heaven, and fell to earth. Satan, the angel, was enamored of his own beauty, power, and pride, and attempted to usurp God's divine throne:
1690:
151:
Unlike many other circles of Dante's Hell, these sinners remain unnamed. Even Dante is afraid to enter this last circle, as he nervously proclaimed, "I drew behind my leader’s back again."
155:
to face." This circle of Hell is a complete separation from any life and, for Dante, "the deepest isolation is to suffer separation from the source of all light and life and warmth."
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65:. Scholars consider Satan to be "a once splendid being (the most perfect of God's creatures) from whom all personality has now drained away". Satan, also known as
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He wept with all six eyes, and the tears fell over his three chins mingled with bloody foam. The teeth of each mouth held a sinner,
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I will ascend to heaven; I will raise my throne above the stars of God; I will sit on the mount of assembly on the heights of
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William O'Grady has pointed out that those frozen in the ice perversely imitate God in the sense of being
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Satan made when he fell to earth. The extra earth formed Mount
Purgatory on the other side of the Earth.
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The Holy Bible
Revised Standard Edition. 1962. World Publishing Company. Cleveland.
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205:; I will ascend to the tops of the clouds, I will make myself like the Most High.
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is portrayed as a giant demon, frozen up to the waist in ice at the center of
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Satan is trapped in the frozen central zone in the Ninth Circle of Hell,
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Cassell, Anthony K. "The Tomb, the Tower, and the Pit: Dante's Satan."
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo
Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
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Blake's Dante, the
Complete Illustrations to the Divine Comedy
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677:
46:
1683:
The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The
Harpies and the Suicides
158:
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732:
390:
Cunningham, Lawrence S. "Satan: a
Theological Meditation."
122:
50:
1130:
300:
The Holy Bible
Revised Standard Edition, Isaiah 14:13–14
117:
And the right-hand one seemed 'twixt white and yellow;
472:. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame P, 2004.
518:
142:
1559:Après une Lecture de Dante: Fantasia quasi Sonata
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232:
230:
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137:So that three winds proceeded forth therefrom.
111:Two were the others, that were joined with this
451:. "Dante's Satan and Milton's "Byronic Hero""
387:. University of Texas at Austin. 27 Jan. 2007.
227:
81:From his mid-breast forth issued from the ice;
504:
369:. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1994.
420:. New York, NY: New York University P, 1963.
127:Underneath each came forth two mighty wings,
115:And they were joined together at the crest;
135:Their fashion was; and he was waving them,
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497:
113:Above the middle part of either shoulder,
99:Well may proceed from him all tribulation.
87:Consider now how great must be that whole,
85:Than do the giants with those arms of his;
460:Satan: an Instrument for Dante and Milton
176:
159:Contrappasso: the poetic justice of Satan
443:Portrayal of Heaven and Hell Through Art
180:
129:Such as befitting were so great a bird;
119:The left was such to look upon as those
91:Were he as fair once, as he now is foul,
18:
1447:Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli
131:Sails of the sea I never saw so large.
89:Which unto such a part conforms itself.
1884:
406:. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2000.
340:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
172:; thus he held three of them in agony.
103:When I beheld three faces on his head!
492:
133:No feathers had they, but as of a bat
1508:As I Was Going Down Sackville Street
438:. New York, NY: Harmony Books, 1980.
404:, the Drawings for the Divine Comedy
241:
101:O, what a marvel it appeared to me,
79:The Emperor of the kingdom dolorous
13:
485:. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 1957.
83:And better with a giant I compare
14:
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1361:Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic
1864:
1863:
445:." Boston College. 27 Jan. 2007.
248:
1656:A Place Where the Sun Is Silent
143:Description of the Ninth Circle
93:And lifted up his brow against
643:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti
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1:
1723:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
1248:Pape Satàn, pape Satàn aleppe
1345:The Deep and Dreamless Sleep
1255:Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi
220:
27:, Canto 34. Illustration by
7:
1922:Mythological anthropophages
1902:Demons in the Divine Comedy
105:The one in front, and that
10:
1938:
1516:The System of Dante's Hell
1101:Constance, Queen of Sicily
258:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
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738:Ugolino della Gherardesca
578:Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti
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121:Who come from where the
396:51 (1994). 27 Jan. 2007.
16:Satan in Dante's Inferno
1907:Fiction about the Devil
1369:La commedia di Amos Poe
1096:Charles Martel of Anjou
971:Giovanna da Montefeltro
723:Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
434:Klonsky, Milton, comp.
413:. MLN 80 (1965): 11–26.
399:Foster, Micheal, comp.
188:depicting Dante's Satan
1912:Male literary villains
1031:Omberto Aldobrandeschi
966:Gherardo III da Camino
663:Guido I da Montefeltro
381:Circle 9, Cantos 31-34
256:in the translation by
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177:Religious significance
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170:kept as by a flax rake
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63:Gaius Cassius Longinus
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1897:Christian iconography
1731:La barca de Aqueronte
1377:Dante's Hell Animated
1161:Mary, mother of Jesus
921:Bonagiunta Orbicciani
623:Farinata degli Uberti
376:56.4 (1979): 331–351.
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1846:English translations
1803:Devil May Cry series
1586:(Rachmaninoff, 1904)
1081:Bernard of Clairvaux
423:Jacoff, Rachel, ed.
418:Dante and His Comedy
363:The Inferno of Dante
59:Marcus Junius Brutus
1841:Cultural references
1707:The Barque of Dante
1675:The Barque of Dante
1591:Francesca da Rimini
1583:Francesca da Rimini
1578:(Tchaikovsky, 1876)
1575:Francesca da Rimini
1476:The Story of Rimini
1136:Hierarchy of angels
1121:Folquet de Marselha
633:Francesca da Rimini
479:Vittorini, Domenico
470:Understanding Dante
455:41 (1965): 139-149.
441:Korchak, Michael. "
289:The Origin of Satan
1851:In popular culture
1484:La Comédie humaine
1388:(2016 documentary)
1385:Botticelli Inferno
986:Jacopo del Cassero
906:Beatrice Portinari
713:Pope Boniface VIII
703:Pietro della Vigna
190:
125:falls valley-ward.
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1758:The Gates of Hell
1739:La Laguna Estigia
1678:(Delacroix, 1822)
1641:"Dante's Inferno"
1618:(Ronchetti, 2020)
1607:The Divine Comedy
1551:Music (classical)
1329:The Dante Quartet
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1106:Cunizza da Romano
1026:Oderisi da Gubbio
991:Giovanna Visconti
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668:Iacopo Rusticucci
411:The Sign of Satan
402:Sandro Botticelli
269:Cunningham, pg. 2
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1726:(Rossetti, 1885)
1718:(Rossetti, 1868)
1702:(Flandrin, 1835)
1694:(Scheffer, 1835)
1594:(Zandonai, 1914)
1404:Demon Lord Dante
1289:(Terragni, 1938)
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1151:John the Apostle
976:Guido Guinizelli
941:Conrad Malaspina
936:Cato the Younger
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483:The Age of Dante
462:." 27 Jan. 2007.
416:Gilbert, Allan.
409:Freccero, John.
359:Alighieri, Dante
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316:. Archived from
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291:. Vintage. 1996.
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1715:Pia de' Tolomei
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1602:(Puccini, 1918)
1599:Gianni Schicchi
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1420:Dante's Inferno
1412:Jimbo's Inferno
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1321:Dante's Inferno
1313:Dante's Inferno
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1281:(Palanti, 1923)
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1036:Pia de' Tolomei
911:Beatrice d'Este
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762:Circles of Hell
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568:Brunetto Latini
558:Bertran de Born
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323:on 2014-04-28
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1659:(2011 album)
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1651:(2006 album)
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1637:(1973 album)
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1272:Architecture
1166:Peter Damian
1066:
1016:Nella Donati
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872:Scarmiglione
852:Draghignazzo
727:
658:Guido Guerra
563:Bonturo Dati
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325:. Retrieved
318:the original
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40:
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29:Gustave Doré
24:
1822:(cancelled)
1787:Video games
1774:The Thinker
1643:(1995 song)
1503:(1917–1962)
1487:(1830–1850)
1454:Jean Giraud
1265:Adaptations
1221:Contrapasso
1191:Saint Peter
1156:Justinian I
1091:Cacciaguida
1086:Bonaventure
832:Barbariccia
819:Malebranche
748:Vanni Fucci
353:Works cited
254:canto XXXIV
1886:Categories
1750:Sculptures
1500:The Cantos
1468:Literature
1337:A TV Dante
1226:Terza rima
981:Hugh Capet
887:Purgatorio
857:Farfarello
842:Calcabrina
693:Phlegethon
533:Characters
327:2014-04-28
1667:Paintings
1648:Dante XXI
1305:L'Inferno
867:Rubicante
673:Malebolge
365:. Trans.
221:Footnotes
107:vermilion
95:his Maker
1870:Category
1819:The Lost
1766:The Kiss
1458:Paradiso
1214:Concepts
1176:Piccarda
1116:Empyrean
1067:Paradiso
1051:Sordello
916:Belacqua
862:Malacoda
847:Ciriatto
837:Cagnazzo
827:Alichino
698:Phlegyas
608:Ciampolo
588:Cerberus
583:Capaneus
573:Caiaphas
336:cite web
71:eternity
1834:Related
1634:Inferno
1615:Inferno
1540:Inferno
1524:Inferno
1460:, 1999)
1286:Danteum
1186:Solomon
1181:Ripheus
1126:Gabriel
1056:Statius
1011:Matelda
1001:Manfred
931:Casella
799:Seventh
743:Ulysses
613:Cocytus
553:Acheron
544:Inferno
453:Italica
431:, 1963.
374:Italica
67:Lucifer
42:Inferno
25:Inferno
1814:(2010)
1806:(2001)
1798:(1996)
1777:(1904)
1769:(1882)
1543:(2013)
1535:(2003)
1527:(1976)
1519:(1965)
1511:(1937)
1495:(1905)
1479:(1816)
1450:(1485)
1431:(2023)
1423:(2023)
1415:(2006)
1407:(1971)
1396:Comics
1380:(2013)
1372:(2010)
1364:(2010)
1356:(2007)
1348:(2006)
1340:(1989)
1332:(1987)
1324:(1935)
1316:(1924)
1308:(1911)
1297:Cinema
1240:Verses
1201:Trajan
804:Eighth
784:Fourth
774:Second
753:Virgil
708:Plutus
683:Nessus
638:Geryon
603:Ciacco
598:Chiron
593:Charon
247:Dante
203:Zaphon
1917:Satan
1111:David
996:Lethe
946:Eunoe
809:Ninth
794:Sixth
789:Fifth
779:Third
769:First
728:Satan
678:Minos
520:Dante
425:Dante
321:(PDF)
314:(PDF)
47:Satan
37:Dante
1076:Adam
733:Styx
342:link
123:Nile
109:was;
61:and
51:Hell
1131:God
618:Dis
522:'s
383:."
45:,
39:'s
35:In
1888::
481:.
468:.
427:.
361:.
338:}}
334:{{
260:..
229:^
57:,
1456:(
1257:"
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1246:"
512:e
505:t
498:v
458:"
379:"
344:)
330:.
97:,
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
