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deepest ice, indicating that the bedrock is very close to the bottom of the borehole. This core greatly extends the climatic record of the first core, and according to a first, preliminary dating, it reaches back 720,000 years. The ice of the second
Valkyrie Dome core is therefore the second-oldest ice ever recovered, outranged only by the
597:
A second deep core was started in 2003. Drilling was carried out during four subsequent austral summers from 2003–2004 until 2006–2007, and by then a depth of 3,035.22 metres (9,958.1 ft) was reached. The drill did not hit the bedrock, but rock particles and refrozen water have been found in the
519:
and the high elevation, Dome Fuji is one of the coldest places on Earth. Temperatures rarely rise above −30 °C (−20 °F) in summer and can drop to −80 °C (−110 °F) in winter. The annual average air temperature is −54.3 °C (−65.7 °F). The climate is that of a cold desert,
2276:
2247:
2183:
2225:
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drilling at
Valkyrie Dome was started in August 1995, and in December 1996 a depth of 2,503 metres (8,212 ft) was reached. This first core covers a period back to 340,000 years.
1612:
921:
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994:
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3107:
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2644:
1577:
803:
687:
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672:
Watanabe, O.; and 11 others (2003). "General tendencies of stable isotopes and major chemical constituents of the Dome Fuji deep ice core".
612:
190:
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1110:
90:
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2210:
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318:
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with very dry conditions and an annual precipitation of about 25 millimetres (1 in) of water equivalent, which falls entirely as
1234:
987:
58:
2254:
2283:
752:
Kawamura, K.; and 17 others (2007). "Northern
Hemisphere forcing of climatic cycles in Antarctica over the past 360,000 years".
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1369:
1115:
360:
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3308:
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from 500 to 860 metres (1,640 to 2,820 ft) deep, where the ice is fragile during the in situ core-cutting procedure.
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1986:
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1003:
45:
3076:
2513:
1981:
1143:
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oversnow traverse crossed the northern part of the dome at an elevation of over 3,600 metres (11,800 ft).
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2020:
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468:. With an altitude of 3,810 metres (12,500 ft) above sea level, it is the second-highest summit or
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703:"Deep ice-core drilling at Dome Fuji and glaciological studies in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica"
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2584:
2574:
1565:
1290:
499:. It is the highest elevation in Queen Maud Land and also the highest elevation within the claims of
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2117:
1969:
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627:
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1670:
1260:
1246:
599:
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2332:
1866:
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1308:
622:
301:
1998:
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942:
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540:) in January 1995. Its name was changed to "Dome Fuji Station" on April 1, 2004. Located at
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8:
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228:
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2015:
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1210:
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777:
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441:
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is an ice dome rising to about 3,700 metres (12,100 ft) in the eastern part of
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1930:
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293:
125:
727:
702:
3259:
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3143:
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2754:
2744:
2729:
2709:
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2614:
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2579:
2404:
1957:
1682:
1658:
1529:
1379:
1328:
1087:
1044:
835:
819:"The paleoclimate record in the ice core at Dome Fuji station, East Antarctica"
818:
647:
591:
1504:
3323:
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2639:
2549:
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2327:
2105:
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558:
545:
333:
320:
105:
92:
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1039:
966:
781:
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2264:
817:
Watanabe O, Kamiyama K, Motoyama H, Fujii Y, Shoji H, Satow K (Jun 1999).
480:. Dome F is the site of Dome Fuji Station, a research station operated by
2992:
2972:
2859:
2739:
2664:
2482:
2003:
1945:
1617:
1524:
1338:
893:
876:
851:
674:
Global scale climate and environmental study through polar deep ice cores
773:
3049:
2922:
2801:
2704:
2604:
2146:
1424:
1169:
477:
167:
737:
590:
The core quality from the Dome Fuji
Station is excellent, even in the
402:
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2554:
2399:
2362:
2357:
2307:
206:
676:. Tokyo, Japan: National Institute of Polar Research. pp. 1–24.
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162:
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500:
389:
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2156:
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852:"The second deep ice coring project at Dome Fuji, Antarctica"
816:
481:
536:) was established as Dome Fuji Observation Base (ドームふじ観測拠点
904:
700:
464:, is an Antarctic base located in the eastern part of
926:
751:
671:
1002:
3108:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
745:
665:
3321:
694:
901:, contains downloadable data for the first core
2786:
2498:
988:
19:Antarctic research station in Queen Maud Land
843:
802:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
686:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2793:
2779:
2512:
2505:
2491:
995:
981:
875:
834:
736:
726:
575:by about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi).
65:
849:
440:
367:
810:
487:
3322:
2774:
2486:
1914:
1483:
1014:
976:
3299:
911:Institute of Low Temperature Science
905:National Institute of Polar Research
527:
613:List of Antarctic research stations
13:
380:Location of airfield in Antarctica
14:
3371:
3360:1995 establishments in Antarctica
894:Dome Fuji Deep Ice Coring Project
887:
701:Dome-F Deep Coring Group (1998).
16:Antarctic base in Queen Maud Land
3298:
3289:
3288:
3048:
960:
948:
936:
366:
359:
64:
57:
1004:Research stations in Antarctica
922:COMNAP Antarctic Facilities Map
445:Japanese stations in Antarctica
2800:
1015:
510:
1:
659:
618:List of Antarctic field camps
578:
515:Owing to its location on the
306:12,354 ft / 3,765 m
201:3,700 m (12,100 ft)
3335:Mountains of Queen Maud Land
7:
3345:Outposts of Queen Maud Land
917:COMNAP Antarctic Facilities
728:10.3189/1998AoG27-1-333-337
638:Mizuho Station (Antarctica)
605:
532:Dome Fuji Station (ドームふじ基地
505:Soviet Antarctic Expedition
35:Dome Fuji Observation Base
10:
3376:
3350:Japanese Antarctic Program
1915:
1484:
836:10.3189/172756499781821553
643:Showa Station (Antarctica)
633:Asuka Station (Antarctica)
46:Antarctic research station
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24:
2958:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
628:Troll (research station)
538:Dōmu Fuji Kansoku Kyoten
474:East Antarctic Ice Sheet
28:
2255:Pole of Inaccessibility
571:, it is separated from
334:77.316667°S 39.700000°E
3340:Ice caps of Antarctica
3330:Outposts of Antarctica
2514:Airports in Antarctica
623:Airports in Antarctica
446:
78:Location in Antarctica
850:Motoyama, H. (2007).
653:Climate of Antarctica
444:
339:-77.316667; 39.700000
1566:St. Kliment Ohridski
877:10.5194/sd-5-41-2007
823:Annals of Glaciology
707:Annals of Glaciology
488:Discovery and naming
3355:Prince Harald Coast
3271:Robert Falcon Scott
2928:South magnetic pole
2886:Antarctic Peninsula
2881:Biogeographic realm
1816:Gabriel de Castilla
868:2007SciDr...5...41M
856:Scientific Drilling
774:10.1038/nature06015
766:2007Natur.448..912K
719:1998AnGla..27..333D
555: /
330: /
106:77.3169°S 39.7020°E
102: /
3209:Telecommunications
3123:Territorial claims
2675:Princess Elisabeth
2575:King George Island
1554:Princess Elisabeth
503:. In 1963–1964, a
476:and represents an
447:
3317:
3316:
3276:Ernest Shackleton
3204:Research stations
3149:Antarctic English
3118:National programs
3113:Military activity
3087:COVID-19 pandemic
3044:
3043:
2913:Floristic Kingdom
2818:Antarctic sea ice
2768:
2767:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2016:Drescher Ice Camp
1906:
1905:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1401:Comandante Ferraz
1121:Profesor Escudero
1111:General O'Higgins
760:(7156): 912–916.
600:EPICA Dome C core
559:77.317°S 39.700°E
528:Dome Fuji Station
517:Antarctic Plateau
439:
438:
435:
434:
235:
234:
187: • Body
179: • Type
135:January 1995
111:-77.3169; 39.7020
72:Dome Fuji Station
26:Dome Fuji Station
3367:
3302:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3266:James Clark Ross
3238:Famous explorers
3052:
2871:
2870:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2635:Novolazarevskaya
2615:McMurdo Williams
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2500:
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2229:
2187:
2055:Dakshin Gangotri
2039:
1912:
1911:
1481:
1480:
1319:Novolazarevskaya
1187:Dumont d'Urville
1023:
1022:
1012:
1011:
997:
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932:
913:, Sapporo, Japan
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374:Dome Fuji Skiway
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241:Dome Fuji Skiway
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3364:
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3313:
3280:
3250:Richard E. Byrd
3233:
3194:Protected areas
3132:
3096:
3053:
3040:
2997:
2951:Bodies of Water
2946:
2935:West Antarctica
2891:East Antarctica
2869:
2804:
2799:
2769:
2764:
2725:Thiel Mountains
2610:McMurdo Phoenix
2516:
2511:
2481:
2472:
2461:
2447:World Park Base
2425:Little Rockford
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2274:
2262:
2245:
2223:
2181:
2033:
1917:
1902:
1603:Julio Ripamonti
1588:González Videla
1500:Almirante Brown
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1467:
1384:
1356:
1333:
1295:
1272:
1153:
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1116:Presidente Frei
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811:
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750:
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682:cite conference
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608:
581:
564:-77.317; 39.700
563:
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549:
546:
544:
542:
541:
534:Dōmu Fuji Kichi
530:
513:
497:Queen Maud Land
490:
466:Queen Maud Land
456:), also called
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300:Elevation
294:Queen Maud Land
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151:
138:
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126:Queen Maud Land
110:
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82:
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39:
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31:Dōmu Fuji Kichi
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12:
11:
5:
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3306:
3296:
3285:
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3279:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3260:Ui-te-Rangiora
3257:
3255:Douglas Mawson
3252:
3247:
3245:Roald Amundsen
3241:
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3234:
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3196:
3191:
3186:
3184:Gateway cities
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3156:
3151:
3146:
3144:Antarctica Day
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3016:
3014:Microorganisms
3011:
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3003:
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2985:
2980:
2978:List of rivers
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2908:Extreme points
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2828:Climate change
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2454:Joint Stations
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2422:
2420:Little America
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2303:United Kingdom
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2260:Salyut Station
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2240:
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2159:
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2125:
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2110:
2109:
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2071:
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2069:
2059:
2058:
2057:
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2028:
2023:
2018:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1991:
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1989:
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1898:
1896:Elichiribehety
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1871:
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1869:
1864:
1857:United Kingdom
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1825:
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1818:
1808:
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1784:Leningradskaya
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1642:Czech Republic
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87:Coordinates:
85:
60:
51:
47:
42:
32:
23:
3174:Firefighting
3159:Demographics
3082:Colonization
3077:World War II
2595:Marble Point
2565:Fossil Bluff
2453:
2441:
2384:
2313:Port Lockroy
2302:
2272:Sodruzhestvo
2206:Druzhnaya IV
2196:Druzhnaya II
2174:Soviet Union
2173:
2167:Sarie Marais
2142:South Africa
2141:
2129:
2112:
2095:
2083:
2073:
2067:Giacomo Bove
2061:
2049:
2010:
1993:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1936:Belgrano III
1925:
1890:
1873:
1862:Fossil Bluff
1856:
1844:
1827:
1810:
1778:
1772:Law-Racoviță
1766:
1754:
1748:Machu Picchu
1742:
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1706:
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1624:
1598:Jorge Boonen
1572:
1560:
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1432:South Africa
1431:
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1407:
1395:
1253:
1241:
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1199:Neumayer III
1193:
1176:
1164:
1106:Captain Prat
859:
855:
845:
829:(1): 176–8.
826:
822:
812:
798:cite journal
757:
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747:
710:
706:
696:
673:
667:
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592:brittle zone
589:
582:
537:
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531:
522:ice crystals
514:
492:
491:
469:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:
282:Airport type
266:
255:
219:Some summers
216:Active times
37:(until 2004)
30:
3262:(legendary)
3169:Field camps
3067:Expeditions
2993:Weddell Sea
2973:Lake Vostok
2968:Lake Mercer
2840:Ice shelves
2750:Wolf's Fang
2740:WAIS Divide
2605:McMurdo Ice
2560:Enigma Lake
2462: [
2292: [
2275: [
2263: [
2246: [
2238:Pionerskaya
2224: [
2191:Druzhnaya I
2182: [
2135:Dobrowolski
2096:New Zealand
2043:Neumayer II
2034: [
2004:Port Martin
1760:Dobrowolski
1707:New Zealand
1542:Vechernyaya
1420:New Zealand
1352:King Sejong
1339:South Korea
1035:Belgrano II
713:: 333–337.
562: /
511:Environment
337: /
312:Coordinates
132:Established
109: /
3324:Categories
3072:Heroic Age
2923:South Pole
2833:Heat waves
2802:Antarctica
2720:South Pole
2705:Siple Dome
2284:Sovetskaya
2147:Borga Base
2031:Neumayer I
1931:Belgrano I
1850:ITU PolReC
1608:Risopatrón
1170:Eco-Nelson
1139:Great Wall
1060:San Martín
1016:Year-round
738:2115/50946
660:References
579:Glaciology
478:ice divide
325:39°42′00″E
322:77°19′00″S
229:nipr.ac.jp
174:Government
168:Mount Fuji
97:39°42′07″E
94:77°19′01″S
3224:Transport
2963:Lake CECs
2940:ice sheet
2896:ice sheet
2865:Volcanoes
2855:Mountains
2810:Geography
2760:Zucchelli
2690:Rumdoodle
2645:O'Higgins
2620:Mid Point
2555:Dome Fuji
2540:Concordia
2459:Weddell-1
2410:Ellsworth
2400:East Base
2378:Station W
2373:Station V
2368:Station T
2363:Station P
2358:Station O
2353:Station N
2348:Station J
2343:Station G
2338:Station F
2333:Station E
2328:Station D
2323:Station C
2318:Station B
2308:South Ice
2162:SANAE III
2084:Dome Fuji
1953:Australia
1941:Ellsworth
1926:Argentina
1700:Zucchelli
1659:Maldonado
1530:Primavera
1510:Decepción
1495:Argentina
1347:Jang Bogo
1247:Vernadsky
1235:Arctowski
1211:Concordia
1182:Concordia
1144:Zhongshan
1070:Australia
1045:Esperanza
1027:Argentina
955:Geography
862:: 41–43.
493:Dome Fuji
454:Dōmu Fuji
450:Dome Fuji
403:Direction
207:UN/LOCODE
198:Elevation
163:Named for
29:ドームふじ基地,
3294:Category
3199:Religion
3101:Politics
3019:Wildlife
2988:Ross Sea
2850:Glaciers
2695:SANAE IV
2680:Progress
2630:Neumayer
2590:Marambio
2390:Brockton
2289:Vostok I
2157:SANAE II
2123:Maudheim
2026:Filchner
1884:Shirreff
1799:Russkaya
1794:Progress
1731:Pakistan
1688:Gondwana
1578:Carvajal
1561:Bulgaria
1520:Melchior
1515:Matienzo
1437:SANAE IV
1324:Progress
1050:Marambio
782:17713531
606:See also
585:ice core
470:ice dome
410:Surface
290:Location
3304:Commons
3219:Tourism
3164:Economy
3137:Society
3059:History
3029:Mammals
2918:Islands
2874:Regions
2845:Geology
2823:Climate
2745:Wilkins
2715:Sky Blu
2685:Rothera
2670:Plateau
2660:Pegasus
2525:Bharati
2430:Plateau
2415:Hallett
2216:Lazarev
2179:Druzhba
2152:SANAE I
2101:Hallett
2011:Germany
1999:Charcot
1965:Belgium
1891:Uruguay
1767:Romania
1678:Germany
1666:Finland
1654:Ecuador
1635:Taishan
1583:Collins
1549:Belgium
1537:Belarus
1461:Artigas
1456:Uruguay
1375:McMurdo
1286:Bharati
1266:Rothera
1242:Ukraine
1194:Germany
1149:Qinling
1055:Orcadas
1040:Carlini
929:Portals
864:Bibcode
790:1784780
762:Bibcode
715:Bibcode
550:39°42′E
547:77°19′S
472:of the
452:(ドームふじ
407:Length
391:Runways
285:Private
277:Summary
224:Website
193:, Japan
152: (
139:1995-01
137: (
2901:shield
2860:Tundra
2755:Vostok
2665:Petrel
2650:Palmer
2600:Mawson
2585:Maitri
2580:Kohnen
2570:Halley
2405:Eights
2243:Pobeda
2130:Poland
2118:Norway
2113:Norway
2089:Mizuho
1994:France
1958:Wilkes
1946:Sobral
1916:Closed
1845:Turkey
1828:Sweden
1779:Russia
1755:Poland
1736:Jinnah
1719:Norway
1683:Kohnen
1647:Mendel
1630:Kunlun
1618:Yelcho
1525:Petrel
1505:Cámara
1485:Summer
1444:Turkey
1396:Brazil
1389:Others
1380:Palmer
1329:Vostok
1301:Russia
1291:Maitri
1261:Halley
1230:Poland
1218:Norway
1177:France
1158:Europe
1088:Mawson
788:
780:
754:Nature
501:Norway
458:Dome F
428:1,200
425:3,937
211:AQ DMF
147:Closed
122:Region
3309:Index
3229:Women
3179:Flags
3154:Crime
3092:Years
3034:Krill
3024:Birds
3009:Flora
2735:Union
2730:Troll
2710:Sitry
2700:Showa
2535:Casey
2466:]
2442:Other
2435:Siple
2296:]
2279:]
2267:]
2250:]
2233:Oasis
2228:]
2186:]
2106:Vanda
2079:Asuka
2074:Japan
2062:Italy
2050:India
2038:]
1977:Chile
1879:Lenie
1867:Signy
1811:Spain
1804:Soyuz
1712:Vanda
1695:Italy
1625:China
1573:Chile
1425:Scott
1413:Showa
1408:Japan
1314:Mirny
1278:India
1223:Troll
1206:Italy
1131:China
1098:Chile
1083:Davis
1078:Casey
967:Japan
786:S2CID
583:Deep
482:Japan
3214:Time
3002:Life
2395:Byrd
1838:Wasa
1833:Svea
1743:Peru
1671:Aboa
1449:TARS
804:link
778:PMID
688:link
431:Ice
302:AMSL
267:none
263:ICAO
256:none
252:IATA
191:NIPR
154:2019
150:2019
2545:D10
2221:Mir
1724:Tor
872:doi
831:doi
770:doi
758:448
733:hdl
723:doi
460:or
415:ft
350:Map
3326::
2464:ru
2294:es
2277:ru
2265:lt
2248:ru
2226:ru
2184:ru
2036:de
870:.
858:.
854:.
827:29
825:.
821:.
800:}}
796:{{
784:.
776:.
768:.
756:.
731:.
721:.
711:27
709:.
705:.
684:}}
680:{{
602:.
524:.
484:.
418:m
265::
254::
2794:e
2787:t
2780:v
2506:e
2499:t
2492:v
996:e
989:t
982:v
931::
880:.
874::
866::
860:5
839:.
833::
806:)
792:.
772::
764::
741:.
735::
725::
717::
690:)
156:)
141:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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