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Gan, I, Towards the great unknown: the
Soviets prepare for their thrust into the Antarctic interior, National and transnational agendas in Antarctic Research from the 1950s and beyond. Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop of the SCAR Action Group on the History of Antarctic Research, BPRC Technical report
579:
Gan, I, The Soviet
Preparation for the IGY Antarctic Program and the Australian Response: Politics and Science, Boletín Antártico Chileno 2nd SCAR Workshop on the History of Antarctic Research, 22–22 September 2006, Santiago, Chile, pp. 60–70. (2009)
583:
Gan, I, The Soviet
Preparation for the IGY Antarctic Program and the Australian Response: Politics and Science, 2nd SCAR Workshop on the History of Antarctic Research, 21–22 September 2006, Santiago, Chile, pp. 11–15. (2006)
587:
Gan, I, There was no cold war in
Antarctica. Soviet-Australian contacts in 1950s, Russia in Antarctica Conference proceedings, April 2006, Saint Petersburg, pp. 77–78. (2006)
3139:
230:
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242:
464:
Gan, Irina (2011). "'The first practical Soviet steps towards getting a foothold in the
Antarctic': The Soviet Antarctic whaling flotilla Slava".
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Gan, Irina (2009). "The reluctant hosts: Soviet
Antarctic expedition ships visit Australia and New Zealand in 1956".
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86:
48:
2014:
4029:
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1459:
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1033:
735:
218:
2757:
62:'s Ministry of Sea Transport was responsible for the administration, logistics and supply of the expeditions.
4019:
3981:
3792:
2919:
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1562:
299:
597:
551:
Gan, Irina (2009). "'Will the
Russians abandon Mirny to the penguins after 1959 . . . Or will they stay?'".
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Gan, Irina (2010). "Soviet
Antarctic plans after the International Geophysical Year: Changes in policy".
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1999:
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1952:
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Voronin, V. I. (1948) "The first
Antarctic whaling expedition of the Slava flotilla" in
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1994:
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2004:
1957:
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1974:
1927:
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32:
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no. 2011-01, Byrd Polar
Research Centre, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 116–130. (2012)
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2239:
2195:
2135:
2059:
2029:
2024:
1984:
1962:
1910:
1846:
1836:
1787:
1509:
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1347:
1316:
1278:
1028:
956:
950:
873:
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3001:
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2742:
2737:
2586:
2439:
2293:
2255:
2212:
2145:
2119:
2073:
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2019:
1989:
1932:
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2547:
2342:
2321:
2189:
1967:
1937:
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1900:
1737:
1643:
1526:
1321:
1134:
1084:
1077:
1069:
974:
883:
718:
119:
91:
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2925:
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2814:
2668:
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2157:
1979:
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1922:
1863:
1397:
1385:
1328:
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1157:
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661:
59:
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2009:
1868:
1831:
1731:
1723:
1531:
867:
188:
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1701:
1427:
1355:
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690:
658:
598:
Map of biological data from the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955–1958)
422:
247:
The Soviet Union engaged in expeditions to Antarctica from 1955 to its
66:
3915:
3020:
1857:
1409:
1192:
602:
414:
3940:
2952:
398:
3579:
2959:
1224:
1200:
1188:
70:
1746:
1825:
1150:
252:
251:. After this, the Soviet Antarctic stations were taken over by
3723:
1211:
96:
203:
99:
on February 13, 1956. On December 1957 another station,
2416:
47:
of the Soviet Committee on Antarctic Research of the
262:
4061:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
243:List of Antarctic expeditions by the Soviet Union
4274:
352:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
202:10 Years of Soviet Research in Antarctica, 1966
305:Soviet and Russian manned drifting ice stations
439:Proceedings of the Soviet Geographical Society
16:Antarctica research agency of the Soviet Union
3739:
618:
448:
399:"The Soviet Union and the Antarctic Regime"
3746:
3732:
625:
611:
455:. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
403:The American Journal of International Law
383:Learn how and when to remove this message
3683:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
197:
41:Sovetskaya antarkticheskaya ekspeditsiya
37:Советская антарктическая экспедиция, САЭ
3258:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
295:Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
45:Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
4275:
452:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions 1955-1959
396:
180:Pionerskaya (established May 27, 1956)
113:
3727:
2402:
644:
632:
606:
4252:
324:
3044:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
1241:Norse colonization of North America
550:
521:
492:
463:
217:List of stations in use during the
69:was in January 1947 when the Slava
13:
2573:United States Exploring Expedition
168:
14:
4299:
3647:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
3015:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
591:
194:Druzhnaya II (on the Weddell Sea)
4251:
4242:
4241:
4001:
3541:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2934:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
329:
279:
265:
231:Pole of inaccessibility station
212:
152:(established February 25, 1971)
146:(established February 22, 1968)
128:(established December 16, 1957)
122:(established February 13, 1956)
49:Academy of Sciences of the USSR
3753:
236:
219:International Geophysical Year
177:(established November 6, 1957)
140:(established January 14, 1963)
134:(established January 18, 1961)
65:The first Soviet contact with
1:
2920:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
2855:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2403:
320:
300:List of Antarctic expeditions
4288:Antarctica research agencies
4283:Soviet Antarctic expeditions
3277:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
3093:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
2899:French Antarctic Expeditions
2829:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
2715:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
833:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
397:Boczek, Boleslaw A. (1984).
53:Russian Antarctic Expedition
7:
2362:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
2041:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
906:Andrée's balloon expedition
258:
164:(established April 1, 1988)
158:(established March 9, 1980)
95:, was established near the
80:
21:Soviet Antarctic Expedition
10:
4304:
1563:Franklin's lost expedition
1263:Christian IV's expeditions
645:
240:
106:was built inland near the
73:flotilla began whaling in
51:. It was succeeded by the
4237:
4190:
4089:
4053:
4010:
3999:
3954:
3903:
3826:
3761:
3380:
3111:
2698:
2438:
2415:
2411:
2398:
1917:Great Northern Expedition
1811:
1593:Rae–Richardson expedition
1342:
1187:
793:British Arctic Expedition
685:
657:
653:
640:
565:10.1017/S0032247408007948
536:10.1017/S0032247408007675
507:10.1017/S0032247409008456
478:10.1017/S003224740999043X
449:Nudel'man, A. V. (1959).
310:List of Russian explorers
36:
3911:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
3201:British Antarctic Survey
3195:Captain Arturo Prat Base
2440:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
338:This article includes a
3677:Pole of inaccessibility
3340:Antarctic Treaty System
1681:2nd Grinnell expedition
367:more precise citations.
209:
108:South geomagnetic pole
3347:Transglobe Expedition
3246:Operation Deep Freeze
2655:Challenger expedition
1521:Coppermine expedition
1042:Drifting ice stations
201:
183:Druzhnaya I (on the
4224:Robert Falcon Scott
3881:South magnetic pole
3839:Antarctic Peninsula
3834:Biogeographic realm
3517:South magnetic pole
2183:Brusilov expedition
1292:Danish colonization
730:North magnetic pole
287:Soviet Union portal
114:Year-round stations
4162:Telecommunications
4076:Territorial claims
3208:Operation Windmill
3189:Operation Highjump
2164:Rusanov expedition
2069:A. E. Nordenskiöld
1813:North East Passage
1617:McClure expedition
340:list of references
210:
185:Filchner Ice Shelf
43:) was part of the
4270:
4269:
4229:Ernest Shackleton
4157:Research stations
4102:Antarctic English
4071:National programs
4066:Military activity
4040:COVID-19 pandemic
3997:
3996:
3866:Floristic Kingdom
3771:Antarctic sea ice
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3175:Operation Tabarin
3037:Far Eastern Party
2883:Nimrod Expedition
2394:
2393:
2390:
2389:
1953:M. Pronchishcheva
1875:Siberian Cossacks
1344:Northwest Passage
677:Research stations
634:Polar exploration
393:
392:
385:
87:Antarctic station
85:The first Soviet
4295:
4255:
4254:
4245:
4244:
4219:James Clark Ross
4191:Famous explorers
4005:
3824:
3823:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3725:
3724:
3222:Ronne Expedition
2707:
2701:
2565:Dumont d'Urville
2413:
2412:
2400:
2399:
1948:V. Pronchishchev
655:
654:
642:
641:
627:
620:
613:
604:
603:
576:
547:
518:
489:
456:
434:
388:
381:
377:
374:
368:
363:this article by
354:inline citations
333:
332:
325:
289:
284:
283:
282:
275:
273:Geography portal
270:
269:
268:
132:Novolazarevskaya
75:Antarctic waters
38:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4233:
4203:Richard E. Byrd
4186:
4147:Protected areas
4085:
4049:
4006:
3993:
3950:
3904:Bodies of Water
3899:
3888:West Antarctica
3844:East Antarctica
3822:
3757:
3752:
3722:
3709:
3384:
3376:
3252:McMurdo Station
3121:Modern research
3119:
3107:
2842:O. Nordenskjöld
2705:
2699:
2694:
2610:Ross expedition
2434:
2407:
2386:
1815:
1807:
1348:Northern Canada
1346:
1338:
1191:
1183:
689:
681:
649:
636:
631:
594:
415:10.2307/2202198
389:
378:
372:
369:
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344:related reading
334:
330:
323:
285:
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266:
264:
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215:
171:
169:Summer stations
116:
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17:
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5:
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4226:
4221:
4216:
4213:Ui-te-Rangiora
4210:
4208:Douglas Mawson
4205:
4200:
4198:Roald Amundsen
4194:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
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4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4137:Gateway cities
4134:
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4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4097:Antarctica Day
4093:
4091:
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4000:
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3995:
3994:
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3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3969:
3967:Microorganisms
3964:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:List of rivers
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3861:Extreme points
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3821:
3820:
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3783:
3781:Climate change
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3669:Vostok Station
3659:
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3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3620:Cherry-Garrard
3617:
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3460:Southern Cross
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3441:
3440:
3439:
3426:
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3405:
3404:
3390:
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3382:Farthest South
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3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3079:Ross Sea party
3075:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3040:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3011:
3006:
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2999:
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2797:
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2781:
2776:
2773:Southern Cross
2766:Southern Cross
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2567:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2512:Bellingshausen
2502:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
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2298:
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2279:
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2260:
2259:
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2242:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1819:
1817:Russian Arctic
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1763:
1758:
1757:
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1742:
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1728:
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1713:
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1589:
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1544:
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1517:
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1507:
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1492:
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1477:
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1462:
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1432:
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1417:
1412:
1407:
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1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
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1358:
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1307:
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1301:
1300:
1288:
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1252:Snæbjörn galti
1249:
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1227:
1222:
1215:
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1203:
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1195:
1185:
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1038:
1037:
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948:
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853:
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829:
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822:
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804:
789:
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758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
726:
721:
716:
711:
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695:
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687:Farthest North
683:
682:
680:
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674:
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664:
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650:
638:
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630:
629:
622:
615:
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592:External links
590:
589:
588:
585:
581:
577:
559:(2): 167–175.
548:
519:
501:(3): 244–256.
490:
461:
457:
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409:(4): 834–858.
391:
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373:September 2016
348:external links
337:
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319:
318:
317:
315:Zapadnoye Lake
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241:Main article:
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150:Leningradskaya
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144:Bellingshausen
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82:
79:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4300:
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4142:Midwinter Day
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4081:Treaty System
4079:
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3936:McMurdo Sound
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3259:
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2800:Discovery Hut
2798:
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2332:
2331:
2330:A. Sibiryakov
2327:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2302:Glavsevmorput
2299:
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2202:
2199:
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2180:
2176:
2173:
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2168:
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2161:
2159:
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2152:
2149:
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2139:
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2134:
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2100:
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2079:
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2038:
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2028:
2026:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
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1996:
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1604:J. Richardson
1602:
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1393:
1389:
1387:
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1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:M. Corte-Real
1364:
1362:
1361:G. Corte-Real
1359:
1357:
1354:
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1284:C. Richardson
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1093:Georgiy Sedov
1089:
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980:Riiser-Larsen
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193:
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179:
176:
175:Komsomolskaya
173:
172:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:Molodyozhnaya
136:
133:
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105:
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93:
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78:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
30:
26:
22:
4127:Firefighting
4112:Demographics
4035:Colonization
4030:World War II
3675:
3663:Pole of Cold
3661:
3587:
3578:
3546:
3539:
3515:
3486:
3472:
3466:Borchgrevink
3458:
3445:
3430:
3410:
3395:
3364:
3345:
3338:
3322:
3308:
3299:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3256:
3244:
3220:
3206:
3199:
3187:
3173:
3159:
3145:
3138:
3099:
3091:
3077:
3070:
3068:
3050:
3042:
3035:
3022:
3013:
2975:
2967:
2958:
2951:
2939:
2932:
2918:
2906:Pourquoi-Pas
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2876:Orcadas Base
2874:
2866:
2853:
2847:C. A. Larsen
2835:
2827:
2813:
2806:
2793:
2785:
2779:Borchgrevink
2772:
2764:
2721:
2713:
2688:C. A. Larsen
2681:
2662:
2653:
2635:
2617:
2608:
2595:
2580:
2571:
2558:
2519:
2505:
2498:
2479:
2464:
2374:
2367:
2350:
2343:
2329:
2314:
2300:
2287:
2262:
2248:
2246:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2188:
2181:
2162:
2128:
2126:
2112:
2110:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2060:
2058:
2039:
1915:
1873:
1856:
1824:
1788:
1786:
1766:
1765:
1745:
1744:
1730:
1717:
1702:
1688:
1679:
1666:
1637:
1625:Investigator
1624:
1615:
1591:
1578:
1570:
1561:
1548:
1519:
1496:
1481:
1466:
1436:
1421:
1391:
1310:
1290:
1261:
1257:Erik the Red
1239:
1217:
1210:
1167:submersibles
1164:
1158:Arktika 2007
1156:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1123:
1114:
1111:
1092:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1047:
1040:
1016:
1002:
1001:
993:
991:
957:
955:
926:
923:
912:S. A. Andrée
904:
891:
866:
858:
855:
831:
813:
800:
791:
773:
764:
762:
728:
556:
553:Polar Record
552:
527:
524:Polar Record
523:
498:
495:Polar Record
494:
469:
466:Polar Record
465:
451:
442:
438:
406:
402:
379:
370:
359:Please help
351:
246:
216:
213:IGY stations
100:
90:
84:
64:
60:Soviet Union
57:
40:
28:
24:
20:
18:
4215:(legendary)
4122:Field camps
4020:Expeditions
3946:Weddell Sea
3926:Lake Vostok
3921:Lake Mercer
3793:Ice shelves
3366:Lake Vostok
3316:Tryoshnikov
3238:Schlossbach
3129:Christensen
3071:James Caird
2992:E. R. Evans
2758:Dobrowolski
2728:de Gerlache
2430:Expeditions
2316:Aviaarktika
2270:Samoylovich
2141:Kolomeitsev
2035:Middendorff
1995:Gedenshtrom
1415:I. Fyodorov
1177:Chilingarov
1065:E. Fyodorov
672:Expeditions
445:(3):213–222
365:introducing
249:dissolution
237:Expeditions
207:stamp block
189:Weddell Sea
4277:Categories
4025:Heroic Age
3876:South Pole
3786:Heat waves
3755:Antarctica
3589:Terra Nova
3494:Shackleton
3437:J. C. Ross
3396:Resolution
3386:South Pole
3161:New Swabia
3085:Mackintosh
3057:Shackleton
2976:Terra Nova
2969:Terra Nova
2703:Heroic Age
2663:Challenger
2623:J. C. Ross
2533:Bransfield
2465:Resolution
2380:icebreaker
2344:Chelyuskin
2085:expedition
2063:Expedition
2005:Matyushkin
1963:Kh. Laptev
1958:Chelyuskin
1852:Heemskerck
1842:Chancellor
1837:Willoughby
1832:Koch boats
1775:Stefansson
1709:McClintock
1673:Inglefield
1515:J. C. Ross
1422:Resolution
1274:Cunningham
1172:Sagalevich
861:expedition
820:Stephenson
780:C. F. Hall
767:expedition
741:J. C. Ross
704:Heemskerck
691:North Pole
321:References
226:Sovetskaya
67:Antarctica
4177:Transport
3916:Lake CECs
3893:ice sheet
3849:ice sheet
3818:Volcanoes
3808:Mountains
3763:Geography
3688:Tolstikov
3474:Discovery
3444:HMS
3429:HMS
3411:Adventure
3409:HMS
3394:HMS
3330:Tolstikov
3051:Endurance
2836:Antarctic
2821:Drygalski
2794:Discovery
2787:Discovery
2748:Arctowski
2661:HMS
2634:HMS
2628:Abernethy
2616:HMS
2594:USS
2581:Vincennes
2579:USS
2559:Astrolabe
2499:San Telmo
2480:Adventure
2478:HMS
2463:HMS
2458:Kerguelen
2420:Continent
2405:Antarctic
2282:Urvantsev
2240:Vilkitsky
2093:Jeannette
2091:USS
2083:Jeannette
2047:Weyprecht
2025:Pakhtusov
1975:Chichagov
1968:D. Laptev
1911:Permyakov
1886:Stadukhin
1881:Perfilyev
1858:Mangazeya
1796:H. Larsen
1761:Rasmussen
1716:HMS
1687:USS
1636:HMS
1623:HMS
1587:Collinson
1577:HMS
1569:HMS
1547:HMS
1495:HMS
1480:HMS
1465:HMS
1450:Mackenzie
1437:Discovery
1435:HMS
1420:HMS
1392:Discovery
1371:Frobisher
1334:Rasmussen
1247:Gunnbjörn
1193:Greenland
1122:USS
1113:USS
985:Ellsworth
927:Roosevelt
857:Nansen's
814:Discovery
812:HMS
799:HMS
746:Abernethy
714:Marmaduke
573:144743332
544:145179179
530:: 37–50.
515:145342011
486:129798279
472:: 21–28.
431:146974520
4247:Category
4152:Religion
4054:Politics
3972:Wildlife
3941:Ross Sea
3803:Glaciers
3700:A. Fuchs
3657:V. Fuchs
3637:McKinley
3600:E. Evans
3559:Bjaaland
3554:Amundsen
3504:Marshall
3417:Furneaux
3269:V. Fuchs
3233:E. Ronne
3228:F. Ronne
3167:Ritscher
3021:SY
3009:Filchner
2953:Framheim
2947:Amundsen
2753:Racoviță
2738:Amundsen
2733:Lecointe
2602:Ringgold
2596:Porpoise
2486:Furneaux
2322:Shevelev
2277:Begichev
2256:Amundsen
2218:Nagórski
2196:Brusilov
2190:Sv. Anna
2104:Melville
2074:Palander
2030:Tsivolko
1990:Sannikov
1985:Billings
1928:Chirikov
1847:Barentsz
1789:St. Roch
1780:Bartlett
1754:Amundsen
1738:Sverdrup
1638:Resolute
1527:Franklin
1455:Kotzebue
1322:Sverdrup
1305:Scoresby
1279:Lindenov
1130:Plaisted
1115:Nautilus
1060:Shirshov
1034:Belyakov
1029:Baydukov
1003:Nautilus
965:Amundsen
925:SS
884:Sverdrup
879:Johansen
849:Brainard
844:Lockwood
699:Barentsz
259:See also
162:Progress
156:Russkaya
81:Stations
4257:Commons
4172:Tourism
4117:Economy
4090:Society
4012:History
3982:Mammals
3871:Islands
3827:Regions
3798:Geology
3776:Climate
3705:Messner
3652:Hillary
3632:Balchen
3580:Polheim
3574:Wisting
3452:Crozier
3424:Weddell
3402:J. Cook
3372:Kapitsa
3353:Fiennes
3295:Klenova
3264:Hillary
3214:Ketchum
3140:BANZARE
3115:·
2960:Polheim
2926:Shirase
2912:Charcot
2722:Belgica
2641:Crozier
2553:Morrell
2548:Weddell
2526:Lazarev
2471:J. Cook
2425:History
2375:Arktika
2351:Krassin
2336:Voronin
2308:Schmidt
2294:Ushakov
2233:Vaygach
2201:Albanov
2170:Rusanov
2151:Kolchak
2146:Matisen
2120:Makarov
2099:De Long
2000:Wrangel
1980:Lyakhov
1933:Malygin
1891:Dezhnev
1718:Pandora
1689:Advance
1656:Kennedy
1651:Belcher
1644:Kellett
1631:McClure
1555:Beechey
1549:Blossom
1542:Simpson
1510:Crozier
1503:Hoppner
1460:J. Ross
1428:J. Cook
1376:Gilbert
1269:J. Hall
1235:Ingólfr
1225:Naddodd
1219:Vikings
1206:Brendan
1201:Pytheas
1189:Iceland
1143:Arktika
1135:Herbert
1100:Badygin
1070:Krenkel
1055:Papanin
1024:Chkalov
1010:Wilkins
975:Wisting
919:F. Cook
825:Markham
785:Bessels
774:Polaris
765:Polaris
736:J. Ross
719:Carolus
667:History
423:2202198
361:improve
187:in the
71:whaling
33:Russian
3854:shield
3813:Tundra
3615:Bowers
3610:Wilson
3569:Hassel
3564:Helmer
3533:Mackay
3523:Mawson
3488:Nimrod
3446:Terror
3431:Erebus
3358:Burton
3153:Rymill
3029:Mawson
3023:Aurora
3002:Lashly
2987:Wilson
2890:Nimrod
2867:Scotia
2674:Murray
2649:Cooper
2636:Terror
2618:Erebus
2587:Wilkes
2538:Palmer
2506:Vostok
2453:Bouvet
2377:-class
2357:Gakkel
2225:Taymyr
2206:Konrad
2175:Kuchin
2113:Yermak
2020:Lavrov
1938:Ovtsyn
1923:Bering
1901:Ivanov
1864:Hudson
1826:Pomors
1803:Cowper
1768:Karluk
1667:Isabel
1661:Bellot
1611:Austin
1579:Terror
1571:Erebus
1467:Griper
1443:Clerke
1403:Baffin
1386:Hudson
1317:Nansen
1230:Garðar
1151:Barneo
1018:ANT-25
994:Italia
970:Nobile
939:Henson
898:Amedeo
874:Nansen
839:Greely
709:Hudson
647:Arctic
571:
542:
513:
484:
429:
421:
253:Russia
126:Vostok
102:Vostok
4262:Index
4182:Women
4132:Flags
4107:Crime
4045:Years
3987:Krill
3977:Birds
3962:Flora
3695:Crary
3642:Dufek
3605:Oates
3595:Scott
3528:David
3509:Adams
3480:Barne
3301:Mirny
3290:Somov
3100:Quest
2997:Crean
2982:Scott
2861:Bruce
2815:Gauss
2808:Gauss
2682:Jason
2669:Nares
2543:Davis
2520:Mirny
2493:Smith
2448:Roché
2368:Lenin
2288:Sadko
2213:Wiese
2158:Sedov
2129:Zarya
2052:Payer
2015:Litke
2010:Anjou
1943:Minin
1906:Vagin
1896:Popov
1869:Poole
1724:Young
1537:Dease
1482:Hecla
1473:Parry
1398:Bylot
1381:Davis
1356:Cabot
1329:Peary
1311:Jason
1298:Egede
1212:Papar
1124:Skate
1105:Wiese
1085:NP-37
1078:NP-36
958:Norge
946:Sedov
934:Peary
892:Jason
807:Nares
801:Alert
756:Hayes
724:Parry
662:Ocean
569:S2CID
540:S2CID
511:S2CID
482:S2CID
427:S2CID
419:JSTOR
346:, or
120:Mirny
97:coast
92:Mirny
29:SovAE
4167:Time
3955:Life
3627:Byrd
3548:Fram
3499:Wild
3181:Marr
3147:BGLE
3134:Byrd
3062:Wild
2941:Fram
2743:Cook
2264:AARI
2249:Maud
2136:Toll
2061:Vega
1747:Gjøa
1732:Fram
1695:Kane
1532:Back
1497:Fury
1488:Lyon
1410:Munk
1049:NP-1
951:Byrd
868:Fram
859:Fram
751:Kane
204:USSR
58:The
19:The
3324:3rd
3310:2nd
3284:1st
3117:IGY
3113:IPY
1703:Fox
1599:Rae
1165:Mir
1141:NS
561:doi
532:doi
503:doi
474:doi
411:doi
31:) (
27:or
25:SAE
4279::
2229:/
567:.
557:45
555:.
538:.
528:45
526:.
509:.
499:46
497:.
480:.
470:47
468:.
443:80
441:,
425:.
417:.
407:78
405:.
401:.
350:,
342:,
255:.
221:.
110:.
89:,
77:.
55:.
39:,
35::
3747:e
3740:t
3733:v
2706:"
2700:"
2643:)
2639:(
2630:)
2621:(
626:e
619:t
612:v
575:.
563::
546:.
534::
517:.
505::
488:.
476::
433:.
413::
386:)
380:(
375:)
371:(
357:.
191:)
104:,
23:(
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