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East Africa Command

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493: 50: 67: 151:, Inspector-General of the African Colonial Forces, was appointed General Officer Commanding East Africa Force. It comprised "..two East African brigades , an East African reconnaissance regiment and a light battery, and the 22nd Mountain Battery R.A. from India. The task given to him by General Wavell was to defend Kenya and without compromising that defence to contain as many Italians as possible on his front." Skirmishes with the Italians began on the northern border of 26: 448:...military authorities in Kenya took very seriously and quickly developed plans to deal with a similar incident. .. As a result, had considerably more resources at his disposal to prevent and contain potential problems in the Kenyan soldiery. Once Lieutenant Colonel Mans gave a careful account of how trouble had broken out in the Tanganyika Rifles, Freeland ordered the Kenyan Special Branch to step up its surveillance of key army units. 951:
Bennett, Huw. "Soldiers in the court room: the British Army's part in the Kenya Emergency under the legal spotlight." The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 39, no. 5 (2011): 717–730; Anderson, David M. "British abuse and torture in Kenya's counter-insurgency, 1952–1960." Small Wars &
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The Gordon Highlanders appears to have finished their return home to Edinburgh in January 1964. 3 Regiment Royal Horse Artillery left Gilgil in September 1964. Headquarters 24th Infantry Brigade left for Aden in October 1964. The last British unit to depart Kenya was 1st Battalion,
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mutinied on 19-20 January 1964. When the Tanganyikan soldiers rose, 2nd Battalion Scots Guards, part of 24th Infantry Brigade, was in Aden for training. Back in Kenya three units of 24th Infantry Brigade were on varying degrees of alert: 1st Battalion, the Staffordshire Regiment at
127:. It was disbanded on 11 December 1963, the day before Kenya became independent, and replaced by British Land Forces Kenya, tasked with withdrawing all remaining British troops. All remaining troops left by December 1964 and British Land Forces Kenya was disestablished. 377:
The 70th (East African) Brigade became the basis for the independent Kenya Army. Three King's African Rifles battalions, three attached training companies, a brigade headquarters, 1 Signal Squadron, 91 General Transport Company, workshops, and a variety of other
318:. KAR battalions listed included 3 KAR (Kenya), 4 KAR (Uganda), 5 KAR (Kenya), 6 and 26 KAR (Tanganiyka, though later 26 KAR was only two companies strong), and 7 & 23 KARs (Kenya). Significant brutality and torture were used by the security forces. 1662: 372:
on Dec. 25, 1963. After the meeting the Government proclaimed a state of emergency throughout the Region and set up a five-mile-deep prohibited zone along the Kenya-Somalia border, excluding the settlements of Mandera and El
1612: 178:, and reinforcements began to arrive from South Africa and the Royal West African Frontier Force in West Africa. With some of the West African reinforcements, two weak divisions were created on 19 July. The 1655: 283:, commanded by Brigadier J.W. Tweedie. After over a year of operations, the Buffs and Devons were withdrawn and relieved in December 1954 and January 1955, respectively. Reliefs were 1st Battalion 1648: 206: 464:, on 10 December 1964. British Land Forces Kenya ceased to exist on 12 December 1964, and all British Army forces, apart from "a small administrative rear element" left the country. Anti- 2104: 2114: 368:..call an urgent Cabinet meeting, also attended by Major-General Ian Freeland (G.O.C., British Land Forces, Kenya) and Mr. Richard Catling (Inspector-General of Police), at 492: 225:
was the site of a large British engineering and Ordnance Depot designed to hold 200,000 tons of military stores. The British had anticipated the loss of military bases in
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Units in Kenya from 1952-56 included the Battle School, Tracker School, Kenya Regiment Training Centre and Heavy Battery. Police organisations listed included the
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mutiny on 23 January 1964, 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment, with an attached company of the Scots Guards, was quickly dispatched to
245: 1004:"Badge, formation, 24th Independent Guards Brigade Group & 24th Infantry Brigade & 5th Field Force & 24th Airmobile Brigade" 1727: 2033: 1386:"'Gaafa dhaabaa - the period of stop': Narrating impacts of shifta insurgency on pastoral economy in northern Kenya, c. 1963 to 2007" 1883: 1678: 724: 548: 484:
there is a typescript report from Brigadier M J D'A. Blackman on the closing down of British Land Forces Kenya, circa May 1965.
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J. A. Warner, "Recruitment and service in the King's African Rifles in the Second World War," Master of Letters dissertation,
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units were handed over to the new Kenya Army during the process of independence for Kenya in December 1963 and January 1964.
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There were a total of eleven British infantry battalions (including the 1st Battalion, the Lancashire Fusiliers and 1 RHR),
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maintained a common intelligence system across East Africa until October 1964 when it was withdrawn and moved to
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https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/1963-12-11/debates/1f01d1d1-1c30-4a8f-b068-7d4ff8fb9c64/BritishForcesInKenya
123:. Until 1947 it was under the direct control of the Army Council and thereafter it became the responsibility of 2099: 1952: 1203: 1147: 1757: 1742: 1737: 1130: 456:. The uprising was quickly repressed and courts-martial ordered; 11 Kenya Rifles was eventually disbanded. 452:
This did not prevent trouble breaking out on 24 January 1964 within 11 Kenya Rifles at Lanet Barracks near
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24th Infantry Brigade was involved in the British response to indigenous army mutinies which sprang up in
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wrote that continued unrest in the north-east region of Kenya in late 1963 prompted President Kenyatta to
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at the same time), the command was reorganized, losing responsibility for some units. The newly created
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The Gazette gives Freeland's handover date as 28 November 1964. Freeland was not knighted until 1968.
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due to a rise in nationalism there and needed to stockpile the stores that had been located in the
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East Africa Command and Mombasa Area Challenge Shields Messing and Cookery Competition in 1949.
1707: 1550:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Naval & Military Press. 1474:
The King's African Rifles: A Study in the Military History of East and Central Africa 1890-1945
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British Military History - East Africa 1940–47 - East Africa Command History & Personnel
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Mwangi, Wanjiku, Kimwele (eds) reproduce Kenya Military Forces (Naming of Units) Order 1964.
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The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume I The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)
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East African Force was upgraded in status to a Command in September 1941 under General Sir
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Britain, Kenya and the cold war: imperial defence, colonial security and decolonisation
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The Soldier's Legacy: The Kenya Army at 55: A Steadfast Shield from 1963 into Posterity
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Groups, became responsible for the northern border of Kenya Colony facing Ethiopia.
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East Africa Command was disbanded, seemingly on 11 December 1963, the day before
299:. On arrival in Kenya 49 Brigade took under command the White-raised territorial 230: 796:
Africa Digest, Volume 4, 1956, by Africa Bureau (London, England) ISSN 0001-9798
209:. A team from 68 Supply Depot, East Africa Army Service Corps, Mombasa, won the 1957: 895:
In 1956, he held a senior position in 39th Infantry Brigade in Northern Ireland
572: 497: 314:, Kenya Police Reserve Air Wing, Auxiliary Forces, Dobie Force (disbanded) and 300: 222: 55: 1585: 2068: 1962: 1917: 1624: 1620:- Hansard answer on withdrawal of British forces from Kenya, 11 December 1963 1497: 1453: 1295:
Bennett, Huw (September 2010). "Minimum Force in British Counterinsurgency".
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British army groups, armies, commands, and corps during the Second World War
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Playfair et al write that on the outbreak of war with Italy , Major-General
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in 1952. During the repression of the Mau Mau the command controlled the
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Tracker Dogs, RAMC Unit Hospital Nairobi, Nyeri, Nanyuki, together with
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Brigadier M. J. D'A. Blackman (November 1965). "Closure of a Command".
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The British Empire and the Second World War By Ashley Jackson, Page 175
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was assuming responsibility for KAR units in Northern Rhodesian and
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Groups , took over the coastal and Tana sector of the defences. The
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East Africa Forces Radio Times - Xmas and New Year Programmes 1954
1136:. International Journal of African Historical studies. p. 65. 401:
broke out on 12 January 1964. A week later, two battalions of the
325:, 73 Indian Field Engineer Squadron RE, Road building Section RE, 233:. The plan was abandoned and the base became a detention camp for 1323: 1183: 1162: 964:"Airpower in the Mau Mau Conflict: The Government's chief weapon" 369: 166:
Dickinson's force drew troops from Kenya, Tanganyika, Nyasaland (
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Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Sellassie Years
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The command established its own intelligence network during the
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Mwangi, Jonah; Wanjiku, Esther; Kimwele, Muthusi, eds. (2019).
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The Charging Buffalo: A History of the Kenya Regiment 1937–1963
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United Kingdom: Kenya Insurgency 1952–1956 Units and Operations
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68 Supply Depot, East Africa Army Service Corps (EAASC) Mombasa
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12 December 1963 - 28 November 1964 Major General Ian Freeland.
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A History of the King's African Rifles and East African forces
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Brigadier M. J. D'A. Blackman (1965). "Closure of a Command".
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Britain's Military Strategy in Ireland: The Kitson Experiment
433:. 2nd Scots Guards was quickly returned to Kahawa. After the 292: 226: 1567:"An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964" 1542:; Stitt, G.M.S.; Molony, C.J.C. & Toomer, S.E. (2004) . 1204:"Dimoline, Major General William Alfred (1897-1965): Papers" 429:, though the Gordons' advance party had already returned to 1512:
The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa
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The Regiments Depart: A History of the British Army 1947–70
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Military history of British Somaliland during World War II
360:, and replaced by British Land Forces Kenya the next day. 1538: 1041: 703: 668: 977:(1). Royal Air Force: Centre for Air Power Studies: 87. 279:, it arrived in April 1953 and was soon deployed in the 205:
and British Central Africa. Until 1944 it directed the
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Somali partisans) operations continued, but now under
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1963
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The Vital Link: The Story of Royal Signals 1945-1985
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Andrew Mollo, The Armed Forces of World War II, 133.
778: 1098: 2110:Military units and formations established in 1939 683:"Forgotten Fights: The Battle of Amba Alagi 1941" 2066: 1608:British Military History - East Africa 1940 - 47 799: 2054:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force 1029:"British Army Officers 1939-1945, FAIR to FUTC" 595:1 November 1963–11 December 1963 Major General 1470: 1656: 1364: 1259:(Supplement). 29 November 1963. p. 9901. 1179: 1177: 1047: 1574:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 351: 1632:, WO 276: East Africa Command : Papers 1477:. Vol. II. Luton: Andrews UK Limited. 1663: 1649: 1494:Among Friends: The Scots Guards, 1956–1993 1393:Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice 1384:Khalif, Zeinabu Kabale; Oba, Gufu (2013). 1279:(Supplement). 12 March 1965. p. 2619. 1174: 952:Insurgencies 23, no. 4-5 (2012): 700-719. 685:. National World War II Museum New Orleans 631:https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk 516:c. September 1939–1940 Lieutenant General 24: 1404: 1383: 410:with a company afloat aboard the frigate 1345: 1336: 1269: 1249: 961: 915: 866: 643:"British, Colonial, and Dominion Armies" 491: 1564: 1509: 1433:. Woodlands Road, Nairobi: Kenya Army. 1379:. Keesing's Worldwide, LLC. April 1964. 1294: 1263: 1128: 1116: 1092: 1023: 1021: 927: 878: 748:. Reference Publications. p. 148. 743: 2067: 1518: 1491: 1104: 939: 829: 718: 487: 1644: 1060:Obituary: Maj-Gen Dick Gerrard-Wright 2095:East African campaign (World War II) 1447: 1148:"3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery" 1140: 1018: 805: 784: 273:70th (East African) Infantry Brigade 207:British Military Mission to Ethiopia 161:East African Campaign (World War II) 680: 285:King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry 142: 13: 1903:Allied Land Forces South East Asia 1625:Military Signalling in East Africa 1535:Additional ISBN 978-1-85043-460-3. 1169:Mwangi, Wanjiku & Kimwele 2019 1072:Mwangi, Wanjiku & Kimwele 2019 419:3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery 14: 2126: 1601: 820:Daily Telegraph, 14 December 2009 577:1955–1957 Lieutenant General Sir 565:1951–1953 Lieutenant General Sir 559:1948–1951 Lieutenant General Sir 547:1945–1946 Lieutenant General Sir 541:1941–1945 Lieutenant General Sir 522:1940–1941 Lieutenant General Sir 1471:Moyse-Bartlett, Hubert (2012) . 1373:Keesing's Record of World Events 1216:Whitaker's Almanacks 1941 - 1964 65: 48: 1243: 1219: 1210: 1196: 1122: 1077: 1053: 996: 955: 945: 900: 872: 842: 830:Warner, Philip (January 1989). 823: 811: 790: 362:Keesing's Contemporary Archives 762: 737: 709: 674: 635: 619: 508:Commanders-in-Chief included: 240:Soon after the arrival of the 201:, covering North East Africa, 190:made up of the Gold Coast and 135:In the late 1930s the British 1: 1297:Small Wars & Insurgencies 1288: 603:GOC British Land Forces Kenya 528:Aug – Dec 1941 Major-General 323:39 Corps Engineer Regiment RE 291:. 39th Infantry Brigade left 2075:Commands of the British Army 1309:10.1080/09592318.2010.505475 1150:. British Army Units 1945 on 612: 589:1960–1963 Major-General Sir 583:1957–1960 Major General Sir 7: 1728:British Expeditionary Force 1062:The Telegraph, 12 July 2012 727:Hambledon Continuum, 2006, 629:, October 1985, 34-35, via 417:standing by near Zanzibar; 327:Royal Army Veterinary Corps 216: 10: 2131: 2049:First Allied Airborne Army 1337:Blaxland, Gregory (1971). 818:Obituary: Lt Col Ian Field 476:control. In Major General 470:Northern Frontier District 421:at Alanbrooke Barracks at 250:Central African Federation 2039:Allied Force Headquarters 2026: 1913:British Army of the Rhine 1881: 1771: 1716: 1676: 1586:10.1080/03086530701337666 1519:Percox, David A. (2004). 1510:Parsons, Timothy (2003). 1341:. London: William Kimber. 1129:Parsons, Timothy (2007). 883:. Zed Press. p. 27. 393:, in the Uganda Army and 352:British Land Forces Kenya 192:2nd East African Brigade 97: 86: 76: 61: 43: 35: 23: 18: 1206:. King's College London. 962:Chappell, Steve (2011). 553:1946–1948 Major General 184:1st East African Brigade 182:, with the Nigerian and 130: 1492:Naylor, Murray (1995). 879:Faligot, Roger (1983). 536:GOC East Africa Command 496:Lieutenant General Sir 468:(anti-pro-independence 444:Timothy Parsons wrote, 397:from January 1964. The 335:North American Harvards 277:The Devonshire Regiment 211:Middle East Land Forces 91:Middle East Land Forces 1708:Allied Armies in Italy 1448:Page, Malcolm (2011). 1406:10.1186/2041-7136-3-14 1350:. London: Leo Cooper. 1346:Campbell, Guy (1986). 744:Spencer, John (2006). 571:1953–1955 General Sir 505: 462:Staffordshire Regiment 450: 380:Combat service support 375: 287:and 1st Battalion The 221:Between 1947 and 1950 188:2nd (African) Division 180:1st (African) Division 168:British Central Africa 2100:Kenya in World War II 1630:The National Archives 1565:Speller, Ian (2007), 1006:. Imperial War Museum 627:University of Bristol 591:Richard Elton Goodwin 511:GOC East Africa Force 495: 482:King's College London 446: 366: 342:24th Infantry Brigade 316:General Service Units 269:49th Infantry Brigade 265:39th Infantry Brigade 237:suspects until 1955. 137:King's African Rifles 1873:Western Desert Force 992:on 3 September 2011. 704:Playfair et al. 2004 669:Playfair et al. 2004 312:Kenya Police Reserve 242:Lancashire Fusiliers 838:. pp. 133=137. 706:, pp. 180–181. 488:Commanders-in-Chief 399:Zanzibar Revolution 358:Kenyan independence 331:No. 1340 Flight RAF 125:Middle East Command 113:East Africa Command 19:East Africa Command 2085:British Somaliland 1276:The London Gazette 1256:The London Gazette 918:, p. 172-175. 854:2013-10-04 at the 506: 427:Gordon Highlanders 425:and 1st Battalion 159:by June 1940; the 2062: 2061: 1863:3rd Anti-Aircraft 1858:2nd Anti-Aircraft 1853:1st Anti-Aircraft 1463:978-0-85052-538-0 1440:978-9966-804-32-7 755:978-0-917256-25-7 733:978-1-85285-417-1 681:Stewart, Andrew. 567:Alexander Cameron 518:Douglas Dickinson 403:Tanganyika Rifles 176:Southern Rhodesia 172:Northern Rhodesia 149:Douglas Dickinson 107: 106: 2122: 1978:Northern Ireland 1665: 1658: 1651: 1642: 1641: 1596: 1571: 1561: 1540:Playfair, I.S.O. 1534: 1515: 1501: 1488: 1467: 1444: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1408: 1390: 1380: 1370: 1361: 1342: 1333: 1320: 1282: 1280: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1247: 1241: 1240: 1239:on July 5, 2015. 1238: 1232:. 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1005: 999: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 965: 958: 948: 942:, p. 90. 941: 936: 930:, p. 82. 929: 924: 917: 916:Campbell 1986 912: 903: 896: 892: 886: 882: 875: 868: 867:Blaxland 1971 863: 857: 853: 850: 845: 837: 836:Pen and Sword 833: 826: 819: 814: 807: 802: 793: 786: 781: 773: 772: 765: 757: 751: 747: 740: 734: 730: 726: 721: 712: 705: 700: 684: 677: 670: 665: 663: 661: 644: 638: 632: 628: 622: 618: 607: 606: 605: 604: 598: 594: 592: 588: 586: 582: 580: 576: 574: 570: 568: 564: 562: 561:Arthur Dowler 558: 556: 552: 550: 546: 544: 543:William Platt 540: 539: 538: 537: 531: 527: 525: 521: 519: 515: 514: 513: 512: 503: 499: 494: 485: 483: 480:'s papers at 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 457: 455: 449: 445: 442: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 415: 409: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 383: 381: 374: 371: 365: 363: 359: 349: 347: 343: 338: 336: 332: 328: 324: 319: 317: 313: 309: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 289:Rifle Brigade 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 257: 255: 251: 247: 246:Evelyn Baring 243: 238: 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Retrieved 1396: 1392: 1376: 1372: 1347: 1338: 1329: 1326:RUSI Journal 1325: 1300: 1296: 1274: 1265: 1254: 1245: 1234:the original 1221: 1212: 1198: 1189: 1186:RUSI Journal 1185: 1171:, p. 7. 1164: 1152:. Retrieved 1142: 1124: 1117:Parsons 2003 1112: 1100: 1095:, p. 9. 1093:Speller 2007 1088: 1079: 1067: 1055: 1043: 1032:. Retrieved 1008:. Retrieved 998: 987:the original 974: 970: 957: 947: 935: 928:Parsons 2003 923: 911: 906:Warner, 134. 902: 894: 880: 874: 862: 844: 831: 825: 813: 801: 792: 780: 770: 764: 745: 739: 720: 711: 699: 687:. Retrieved 676: 647:. Retrieved 637: 621: 602: 601: 597:Ian Freeland 535: 534: 510: 507: 458: 451: 447: 443: 413: 395:Kenya itself 384: 376: 367: 355: 339: 320: 308:Kenya Police 305: 295:in 1956 for 258: 239: 220: 196: 165: 153:Kenya Colony 146: 134: 121:British Army 112: 111: 87:Part of 71:British Army 2090:East Africa 2013:West Africa 1968:Middle East 1928:East Africa 1580:(2): 1–35, 1420:11 February 1271:"No. 43598" 1251:"No. 43173" 1192:(640): 321. 1105:Naylor 1995 1010:11 February 940:Percox 2004 689:14 February 649:14 February 435:Uganda Army 281:Rift Valley 203:East Africa 98:Garrison/HQ 93:(1947–1963) 2069:Categories 1882:Commands ( 1788:I Airborne 1763:Fourteenth 1289:References 1034:2022-02-11 585:Nigel Tapp 474:Kenya Army 2044:Deception 1983:Palestine 1948:GHQ India 1923:Cyrenaica 1898:Aldershot 1594:159656717 1317:145055741 983:1463-6298 806:Page 2011 785:Page 2011 613:Footnotes 431:Edinburgh 412:HMS  254:Nyasaland 244:(and Sir 39:1940–1963 2018:Western 2008:Southern 1993:Scottish 1973:Northern 1943:Far East 1717:Armies ( 1415:53391670 852:Archived 466:"Shifta" 391:Tanzania 387:Zanzibar 271:and the 217:Post war 1958:Malaya 1933:Eastern 1772:Corps ( 1758:Twelfth 1546:(ed.). 774:. 1949. 502:Mau Mau 370:Gatundu 235:Mau Mau 119:of the 117:Command 102:Nairobi 81:Command 44:Country 1953:London 1743:Eighth 1738:Second 1592:  1554:  1527:  1481:  1460:  1437:  1413:  1399:: 16. 1354:  1332:(640). 1315:  1154:10 May 981:  887:  752:  731:  454:Nakuru 423:Gilgil 408:Kahawa 174:, and 157:Moyale 115:was a 62:Branch 53:  36:Active 2027:Other 1963:Malta 1938:Egypt 1918:Burma 1753:Tenth 1748:Ninth 1733:First 1590:S2CID 1570:(PDF) 1502:(Via 1411:S2CID 1389:(PDF) 1369:(PDF) 1313:S2CID 1237:(PDF) 1230:(PDF) 1134:(PDF) 990:(PDF) 967:(PDF) 439:Jinja 293:Kenya 227:Egypt 131:1930s 2034:ABDA 1893:Aden 1884:list 1843:XIII 1818:VIII 1774:list 1719:list 1703:21st 1698:18th 1693:15th 1688:11th 1679:list 1552:ISBN 1525:ISBN 1479:ISBN 1458:ISBN 1435:ISBN 1422:2022 1352:ISBN 1156:2014 1012:2022 979:ISSN 885:ISBN 750:ISBN 729:ISBN 691:2022 651:2022 414:Rhyl 373:Wak. 346:Aden 340:The 77:Type 1848:XXX 1838:XII 1813:VII 1798:III 1582:doi 1401:doi 1330:110 1305:doi 1190:110 337:). 170:), 155:at 2071:: 1833:XI 1823:IX 1803:IV 1793:II 1588:, 1578:35 1576:, 1572:, 1506:.) 1496:. 1456:. 1452:. 1409:. 1395:. 1391:. 1377:10 1375:. 1371:. 1328:. 1311:. 1301:21 1299:. 1273:. 1253:. 1188:. 1176:^ 1020:^ 975:14 969:. 893:. 834:. 659:^ 441:. 389:, 348:. 310:, 303:. 267:, 256:. 1886:) 1828:X 1808:V 1783:I 1776:) 1721:) 1681:) 1664:e 1657:t 1650:v 1597:. 1584:: 1560:. 1533:. 1514:. 1500:. 1487:. 1466:. 1443:. 1424:. 1403:: 1397:3 1360:. 1319:. 1307:: 1158:. 1107:. 1050:. 1037:. 1014:. 869:. 808:. 758:. 693:. 653:. 504:. 333:(

Index


United Kingdom

British Army
Command
Middle East Land Forces
Nairobi
Command
British Army
Middle East Command
King's African Rifles
Douglas Dickinson
Kenya Colony
Moyale
East African Campaign (World War II)
British Central Africa
Northern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
1st (African) Division
1st East African Brigade
2nd (African) Division
2nd East African Brigade
William Platt
East Africa
British Military Mission to Ethiopia
Middle East Land Forces
Mackinnon Road
Egypt
Suez Canal Zone
Mau Mau

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