29:
1742:. Moreover, the far north remains largely undeveloped as producers await higher prices or new technologies as many operations in this region are not yet cost effective. In recent decades Canadians have become less willing to accept the environmental destruction associated with exploiting natural resources. High wages and Aboriginal land claims have also curbed expansion. Instead, many Canadian companies have focused their exploration, exploitation and expansion activities overseas where prices are lower and governments more amenable. Canadian companies are increasingly playing important roles in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
813:
707:
3224:, also called Canada's public debt, is the liabilities of the government sector. For 2019 (the fiscal year ending 31 March 2020), total financial liabilities or gross debt was $ 2.434 trillion for the consolidated Canadian general government (federal, provincial, territorial, and local governments combined). This corresponds to 105.3% as a ratio of GDP (GDP was $ 2.311 trillion). Of the $ 2.434 trillion, $ 1.146 trillion or 47% was federal (central) government liabilities (49.6% as a ratio of GDP). Provincial government liabilities comprise most of the remaining liabilities.
7636:
7904:
15239:
7535:
1609:
12710:
14576:
14516:
1765:, published annually, presents a broad overview of productivity levels and growth in member nations, highlighting key measurement issues. It analyses the role of "productivity as the main driver of economic growth and convergence" and the "contributions of labour, capital and MFP in driving economic growth". According to the definition above "MFP is often interpreted as the contribution to economic growth made by factors such as technical and organisational innovation". Measures of productivity include the
2260:
721:
14600:
799:
679:
3030:(NAFTA) superseded it. Trade has since increased by 40%. NAFTA continues the FTA's moves toward reducing trade barriers and establishing agreed-upon trade rules. It also resolves some long-standing bilateral irritants and liberalizes rules in several areas, including agriculture, services, energy, financial services, investment, and government procurement. NAFTA forms the largest trading area in the world, embracing the 405 million people of the three North American countries.
1342:
2987:
2204:
7132:
7114:
7096:
7078:
7060:
7042:
7024:
7006:
6988:
6970:
6952:
6913:
6844:
6836:
6775:
6767:
6706:
6698:
6637:
6629:
6568:
6560:
6552:
6499:
6491:
6430:
6422:
6361:
6353:
6284:
6223:
6215:
6154:
6146:
6085:
6077:
6016:
6008:
5947:
5939:
5878:
5870:
5809:
5801:
5740:
5732:
5671:
5663:
5602:
5594:
5533:
5525:
5464:
5456:
5395:
5387:
5326:
5318:
5257:
5249:
5188:
5180:
5119:
5111:
5050:
5042:
4981:
4973:
4912:
4904:
4843:
4835:
4774:
4766:
4705:
4697:
4636:
4628:
4567:
4559:
4498:
4490:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4360:
4352:
4291:
4283:
4222:
4214:
4153:
4145:
4084:
4076:
4015:
4007:
3946:
3938:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3808:
3800:
3792:
3739:
3731:
3723:
3664:
907:
503:
495:
487:
392:
369:
1785:(TFP). This indicator assesses an economy's "underlying productive capacity ('potential output'), itself an important measure of the growth possibilities of economies and of inflationary pressures". MFP measures the residual growth that cannot be explained by the rate of change in the services of labour, capital and intermediate outputs, and is often interpreted as the contribution to economic growth made by factors such as technical and organisational innovation.
349:
15225:
2707:
2620:
2136:
2745:
14588:
841:
827:
693:
3167:
855:
735:
6897:
6889:
6881:
6873:
6865:
6857:
6828:
6820:
6812:
6804:
6796:
6788:
6759:
6751:
6743:
6735:
6727:
6719:
6690:
6682:
6674:
6666:
6658:
6650:
6621:
6613:
6605:
6597:
6589:
6581:
6544:
6536:
6528:
6520:
6512:
6483:
6475:
6467:
6459:
6451:
6443:
6414:
6406:
6398:
6390:
6382:
6374:
6345:
6337:
6329:
6321:
6313:
6305:
6276:
6268:
6260:
6252:
6244:
6236:
6207:
6199:
6191:
6183:
6175:
6167:
6138:
6130:
6122:
6114:
6106:
6098:
6069:
6061:
6053:
6045:
6037:
6029:
6000:
5992:
5984:
5976:
5968:
5960:
5931:
5923:
5915:
5907:
5899:
5891:
5862:
5854:
5846:
5838:
5830:
5822:
5793:
5785:
5777:
5769:
5761:
5753:
5724:
5716:
5708:
5700:
5692:
5684:
5655:
5647:
5639:
5631:
5623:
5615:
5586:
5578:
5570:
5562:
5554:
5546:
5517:
5509:
5501:
5493:
5485:
5477:
5448:
5440:
5432:
5424:
5416:
5408:
5379:
5371:
5363:
5355:
5347:
5339:
5310:
5302:
5294:
5286:
5278:
5270:
5241:
5233:
5225:
5217:
5209:
5201:
5172:
5164:
5156:
5148:
5140:
5132:
5103:
5095:
5087:
5079:
5071:
5063:
5034:
5026:
5018:
5010:
5002:
4994:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4941:
4933:
4925:
4896:
4888:
4880:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4827:
4819:
4811:
4803:
4795:
4787:
4758:
4750:
4742:
4734:
4726:
4718:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4527:
4519:
4511:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4275:
4267:
4259:
4251:
4243:
4235:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4028:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3715:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3656:
759:
611:
468:
460:
432:
416:
267:
259:
235:
224:
216:
170:
162:
144:
14615:
6905:
6292:
2602:
provinces and territories use little or none. Alberta and
Saskatchewan also use a substantial amount of natural gas. Remote communities, including all of Nunavut and much of the Northwest Territories, produce most of their electricity from diesel generators at high economic and environmental costs. The federal government has set up initiatives to reduce dependence on diesel-fired electricity.
10418:
2271:
represented about 1.5 percent of all steel exported globally in 2017. By volume, Canada's 2018 steel exports represented just over one-tenth the volume of the world's largest exporter, China. In value terms, steel represented 1.4 percent of the total goods Canada exported in 2018. The growth in exports in the decade since 2009 has been 29%. The largest producers in 2018 were
2730:. In 2000, Canada spent approximately CDN$ 4.6 billion on support for the industry. $ 2.32 billion was classified under the WTO designation of "green box" license, meaning it did not directly influence the market, such as money for research or disaster relief. All but $ 848.2 million were subsidies worth less than 5% of the value of the crops they were provided for.
1734:
contributing to Canada's strong regionalism. At the same time the vast majority of these resources are exported, integrating Canada closely into the international economy. Howlett and Ramesh argue that the inherent instability of such industries also contributes to greater government intervention in the economy, to reduce the social impact of market changes.
1793:
close to that of
Australia. More can be done to increase productivity, such as increasing the productivity of capital through improving the capital stock to output ratio and capital quality. This could be achieved through the liberalization of internal trade barriers, as suggested in the OECD's latest Canadian economic survey.
1833:. In response to the ongoing trade war "bond yields have fallen, yield curves have flattened even more and stock markets have repriced significantly" in "global financial markets". In Canada, low oil prices will impact Canada's "macroeconomic outlook". Canada's housing sector is not stabilizing as quickly as anticipated.
11832:
3075:. Canada is the United States' largest oil supplier and the fifth-largest energy producing country in the world. Canada provides about 16% of U.S. oil imports and 14% of total U.S. consumption of natural gas. The United States and Canada's national electricity grids are linked, and both countries share
1681:
About 4% of
Canadians are directly employed in primary resource fields, and they account for 6.2% of GDP. They are still paramount in many parts of the country. Many, if not most, towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, exist because of a nearby mine or source of timber. Canada is a
1677:
exports accounted for about 58% of Canada's total exports. Machinery, equipment, automotive products and other manufactures accounted for a further 38% of exports in 2009. In 2009, exports accounted for about 30% of Canada's GDP. The United States is by far its largest trading partner, accounting for
2998:
in trade per day in 2005. In 2009, 73% of Canada's exports went to the United States, and 63% of Canada's imports were from the United States. Trade with Canada makes up 23% of the United States' exports and 17% of its imports. By comparison, in 2005 this was more than U.S. trade with all countries
2283:
partners, and by themselves accounted for 92 percent of exports by volume. Canada sent 83 percent of its steel exports to the United States in YTD 2019. The gap between domestic demand and domestic production increased to −2.4 million metric tons, up from −0.2 million metric tons in YTD 2018. In YTD
2721:
Canada is one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products, particularly wheat and other grains. Canada is a major exporter of agricultural products, to the United States and Asia. As with all other developed nations, the proportion of the population and GDP devoted to agriculture fell
2679:
of the early 1980s attempted to make Canada oil-sufficient and to ensure equal supply and price of oil in all parts of Canada, especially for the eastern manufacturing base. This policy proved deeply divisive as it forced
Alberta to sell low-priced oil to eastern Canada. The policy was eliminated 5
2194:
is of ever increasing importance, with the vast majority of international visitors coming from the United States. Casino gaming is currently the fastest-growing component of the
Canadian tourism industry, contributing $ 5 billion in profits for Canadian governments and employing 41,000 Canadians as
1888:
announced that it was lowering its target for the overnight rate by another one-quarter percentage point, to 0.5 per cent "to try to stimulate an economy that appears to have failed to rebound meaningfully from the oil shock woes that dragged it into decline in the first quarter". According to the
2226:
for wealthy nations was a transition from a raw material production-based economy to a manufacturing-based economy and then to a service-based economy. At its World War II peak in 1944, Canada's manufacturing sector accounted for 29% of GDP, declining to 10.37% in 2017. Canada has not suffered as
1915:
The Bank's main priority has been to keep inflation at a moderate level. As part of that strategy, interest rates were kept at a low level for almost seven years. Since
September 2010, the key interest rate (overnight rate) was 0.5%. In mid 2017, inflation remained below the Bank's 2% target, (at
1792:
Since 2010 productivity growth has picked up, almost entirely driven by above average multifactor productivity growth. However, productivity on the whole still lags behind the upper half of OECD countries such as the United States. Canada's productivity is now around the median OECD productivity,
3148:
The U.S. remains Canada's largest foreign investor and the most popular destination for
Canadian foreign investments. In 2018, the stock of U.S. direct investment in Canada totaled $ 406 billion, while the stock of Canadian investment in the U.S. totaled $ 595 billion, or 46% of the overall CDIA
2601:
Fossil fuels provide 19% of
Canadian electric power, about half as coal (9% of the total), and the remainder a mix of natural gas and oil. Only five provinces use coal for electricity generation. Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Nova Scotia rely on coal for nearly half of their generation, while other
1100:
economy. In 2021, Canadian trade in goods and services reached $ 2.016 trillion. Canada's exports totalled over $ 637 billion, while its imported goods were worth over $ 631 billion, of which approximately $ 391 billion originated from the United States. In 2018, Canada had a
2270:
Canada was the world's nineteenth-largest steel exporter in 2018. In year-to-date 2019 (through March), further referred to as YTD 2019, Canada exported 1.39 million metric tons of steel, a 22 percent decrease from 1.79 million metric tons in YTD 2018. Based on available data, Canada's exports
2178:
The education and health sectors are two of Canada's largest, but both are primarily under the influence of the government. The health care industry has been quickly growing and is the third-largest in Canada. Its rapid growth has led to problems for governments who must find money to fund it.
1788:
According to OECD's annual economic survey of Canada in June 2012, Canada has experienced weak growth of multi-factor productivity (MFP) and has been declining further since 2002. One of the ways MFP growth is raised is by boosting innovation and Canada's innovation indicators such as business
1733:
The reliance on natural resources has several effects on the
Canadian economy and Canadian society. While manufacturing and service industries are easy to standardize, natural resources vary greatly by region. This ensures that differing economic structures developed in each region of Canada,
2807:(Signed November 21, 2008, entered into force August 15, 2011; Canada's ratification of this FTA had been dependent upon Colombia's ratification of the "Agreement Concerning Annual Reports on Human Rights and Free Trade Between Canada and the Republic of Colombia" signed on May 27, 2010)
1916:
1.6%) mostly because of reductions in the cost of energy, food and automobiles; as well, the economy was in a continuing spurt with a predicted GDP growth of 2.8 percent by year end. Early on July 12, 2017, the bank issued a statement that the benchmark rate would be increased to 0.75%.
1821:
monetary policy that has been the cornerstone of Canada's monetary and fiscal policy since the early 1990s, the Bank of Canada sets an inflation target The inflation target was set at 2 per cent, which is the midpoint of an inflation range of 1 to 3 per cent. They established a set of
2231:
also found that, while manufacturing declined as a relative percentage of GDP from 24.3% in the 1960s to 15.6% in 2005, manufacturing volumes between 1961 and 2005 kept pace with the overall growth in the volume index of GDP. Manufacturing in Canada declined significantly during the
1858:(CPI). In 2011 the Government of Canada and the Bank of Canada extended Canada's inflation-control target to December 31, 2016. The Bank of Canada uses three unconventional instruments to achieve the inflation target: "a conditional statement on the future path of the policy rate",
3157:
industries, petroleum, chemicals, the manufacture of machinery and transportation equipment, and finance, while
Canadian investment in the United States is concentrated in manufacturing, wholesale trade, real estate, petroleum, finance, insurance and other services.
1187:
Since the early 20th century, the growth of Canada's manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to an urbanized, industrial one. Like many other developed countries, the Canadian economy is dominated by the
11846:
7716:
The OECD produces an annual report on member nations who share the goal of "contributing to the development of the world economy" by attaining the "highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living while maintaining financial
1919:
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, critics have pointed out that the Bank of Canada's inflation-targeting has had unintended consequences, such as fuelling an increase in home prices and contributing to wealth inequalities by supporting higher equity values.
1849:
and the bank rate rose to around 14% and unemployment topped 11%. Although since that time inflation-targeting has been adopted by "most advanced-world central banks", in 1991 it was innovative and Canada was an early adopter when the then-Finance Minister
2563:
in the last decade in order to increase investment and competition in this sector of the economy. In 2017, the electricity sector accounted for 10% of total national greenhouse gas emissions. Canada has substantial electricity trade with the neighbouring
3272:
Since 1985, 63,755 deals in- and outbound Canada have been announced, with an overall value of US$ 3.7 billion. Almost 50% of the targets of Canadian companies (outbound deals) have a parent company in the US. Inbound deals are 82% percent from the US.
9123:
2982:
Canada and the United States share a common trading relationship. Canada's job market continues to perform well along with the US, reaching a 30-year low in the unemployment rate in December 2006, following 14 consecutive years of employment growth.
1893:(CPI) inflation was about 1 per cent. This reflects "year-over-year price declines for consumer energy products". Core inflation in the first quarter of 2015 was about 2 per cent with an underlying trend in inflation at about 1.5 to 1.7 per cent.
3258:, in May 2015, while the Canadian household debt-to-income ratio is similar to that in the US, however lending standards in Canada are tighter than those in the United States to protect against high-risk borrowers taking out unsustainable debt.
1722:. The vast majority of these products are exported, mainly to the United States. There are also many secondary and service industries that are directly linked to primary ones. For instance one of Canada's largest manufacturing industries is the
2722:
dramatically over the 20th century. The agriculture and agri-food manufacturing sector created $ 49.0 billion to Canada's GDP in 2015, accounting for 2.6% of total GDP. This sector also accounts for 8.4% of Canada's Greenhouse gas emissions.
3082:
While most of U.S.-Canada trade flows smoothly, there are occasionally bilateral trade disputes, particularly in the agricultural and cultural fields. Usually these issues are resolved through bilateral consultative forums or referral to
11958:
1737:
Natural resource industries also raise important questions of sustainability. Despite many decades as a leading producer, there is little risk of depletion. Large discoveries continue to be made, such as the massive nickel find at
1223:
of 1965 opened Canada's borders to trade in the automobile manufacturing industry. In the 1970s, concerns over energy self-sufficiency and foreign ownership in the manufacturing sectors prompted the federal government to enact the
11780:
1880:
argued that the central bank's mandate would allow for a more flexible inflation-targeting in specific situations where he would consider taking longer "than the typical six to eight quarters to return inflation to 2 per cent".
8269:
9831:
1706:, which, with the world's second-largest oil reserves, is taking an increasingly prominent position in natural resources extraction. Several of Canada's largest companies are based in natural resource industries, such as
10464:
1822:
inflation-reduction targets to keep inflation "low, stable and predictable" and to foster "confidence in the value of money", contribute to Canada's sustained growth, employment gains and improved standard of living.
8885:
1900:
explained that the economy was "being dragged down by forces beyond Canadian borders such as global oil prices, the European debt crisis, and China's economic slowdown" which has made the global economy "fragile".
13274:
2725:
The Canadian agriculture industry receives significant government subsidies and support as with other developed nations. However, Canada has strongly supported reducing market influencing subsidies through the
2534:
has played a significant role in the economic and political life of the country since the late 19th century. The sector is organized along provincial and territorial lines. In a majority of provinces, large
3023:. Canada's importance to the United States is not just a border-state phenomenon: Canada is the leading export market for 35 of 50 U.S. states, and is the United States' largest foreign supplier of energy.
2574:
accounted for 59% of all electric generation in Canada in 2016, making Canada the world's second-largest producer of hydroelectricity after China. Since 1960, large hydroelectric projects, especially in
7697:
1631:
of government. As a result, Canada has developed its own social and political institutions, distinct from most other countries in the world. Though the Canadian economy is closely integrated with the
9408:
11016:
1869:
As a result, interest rates and inflation eventually came down along with the value of the Canadian dollar. From 1991 to 2011 the inflation-targeting regime kept "price gains fairly reliable".
2837:
94:
11771:
2594:
The second-largest single source of power (15% of the total) is nuclear power, with several plants in Ontario generating more than half of that province's electricity and one generator in
13267:
12308:
10947:
7692:
1556:
11232:
13471:
3063:
is the largest U.S. energy trading relationship, with the overwhelming majority ($ 66.7 billion) being exports from Canada. The primary components of U.S. energy trade with Canada are
11307:
15174:
13312:
1516:
13260:
12494:
10472:
10076:
2792:
11343:
10100:
9792:
3107:
in 1981; both accepted the court's October 12, 1984 ruling which demarcated the territorial sea boundary. A current issue between the United States and Canada is the ongoing
12942:
1205:
3243:. In March 2015, the International Monetary Fund reported that Canada's high household debt was one of two vulnerable domestic areas in Canada's economy; the second is its
12509:
12499:
12745:
2159:, and communications industries. This portion of the economy has been rapidly growing in recent years. It is largely concentrated in the major urban centres, especially
3133:'s visit to Canada in February 1995, and air traffic between the two countries has increased dramatically as a result. The two countries also share in operation of the
15154:
9001:
Moller, Stephanie; Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D.; Bradley, David; Nielsen, François (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies".
8088:
2279:, and the first of those alone accounted for roughly half of Canadian steel production through its two subsidiaries. The top two markets for Canada's exports were its
9479:
8610:
8582:
3040:
The U.S. is Canada's largest agricultural export market, taking well over half of all Canadian food exports. Nearly two-thirds of Canada's forest products, including
13511:
12956:
11640:
11618:
1204:
are the most prominent components. Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustained by nearby mines or sources of timber. Canada spends
15164:
1854:
approved the Bank of Canada's first inflation-targeting in the 1991 federal budget. The inflation target was set at 2 per cent. Inflation is measured by the total
1665:
in the world. Today Canada closely resembles the U.S. in its market-oriented economic system and pattern of production. As of 2019, Canada has 56 companies in the
1876:, the narrow focus of inflation-targeting as a means of providing stable growth in the Canadian economy was questioned. By 2011, the then-Bank of Canada Governor
13596:
13591:
13586:
13581:
13576:
13571:
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13536:
12998:
12298:
10975:
2151:
The second-largest portion of the service sector is the business service, and it employs only a slightly smaller percentage of the population. This includes the
12514:
9962:
8410:
74:
10902:
2227:
greatly as most other rich, industrialized nations from the pains of the relative decline in the importance of manufacturing since the 1960s. A 2009 study by
2108:
The service sector in Canada is vast and multifaceted, employing about three quarters of Canadians and accounting for 70% of GDP. The largest employer is the
14546:
12935:
12991:
12949:
12328:
1830:
11592:
8507:
7936:"The outlook is uncertain again amid financial sector turmoil, high inflation, ongoing effects of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and three years of COVID"
7682:
1299:, lead, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, and cadmium. Canada has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and
11210:
2508:
Canada has access to cheap sources of energy because of its geography. This has enabled the creation of several important industries, such as the large
15562:
13366:
13005:
12216:
8634:
536:
519:
11024:
12970:
9909:
8189:
10621:
10197:
10161:
9284:
Hale, Geoffrey (October 2008). "The Dog That Hasn't Barked: The Political Economy of Contemporary Debates on Canadian Foreign Investment Policies".
13616:
12577:
11688:
8486:
7687:
14646:
13803:
12738:
10920:
9746:
1237:
10951:
10179:
8937:
13481:
13307:
7152:
3564:
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2021 (with IMF staff estimates for 2022–2027). Inflation below 5% is in green.
2112:
sector, employing almost 12% of Canadians. The retail industry is concentrated mainly in a small number of chain stores clustered together in
15277:
13389:
13328:
12263:
10693:
7652:
3149:
stock for 2018. This made Canada the second largest investing country in the U.S. for 2018 US investments are primarily directed at Canada's
2843:
2689:
1789:
R&D and patenting rates were poor. Raising MFP growth is "needed to sustain rising living standards, especially as the population ages".
1249:
286:
11159:
11075:
10211:
10124:
9845:
13333:
12019:
11131:
10861:
10837:
10597:
10501:
10427:
439:
424:
10741:
10669:
9695:
U.S. companies account for the most members of the list, 565, followed by China and Hong Kong, which is home to 263 Global 2000 companies.
15525:
15495:
15400:
14178:
12654:
12189:
11321:
10813:
10789:
10717:
10645:
10573:
10549:
9163:
7769:
7677:
3115:
2819:
1363:
8460:
2668:'s rising dollar. This has raised the price of Ontario's manufacturing exports and made them less competitive, a problem similar to the
12731:
11047:
10921:"Resource-based Industries and High-tech Manufacturing – Goods Sector – Major Industries – A Guide to the BC Economy and Labour Market"
10885:
10765:
10525:
9053:
8049:
2831:
2786:
2637:
Canada possesses extensive oil and gas resources centered in Alberta, and the Northern Territories but is also present in neighboring
2186:
industry, and a burgeoning film, television, and entertainment industry creating content for local and international consumption (see
13425:
12469:
11914:
11392:
11178:
291:
11347:
3026:
Bilateral trade increased by 52% between 1989, when the U.S.–Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) went into effect, and 1994, when the
13476:
13409:
12268:
11978:
11436:
8867:
8338:
8283:
8241:
3056:
2977:
2849:
2804:
2595:
1268:
11419:"Canadian Statistics – Imports, exports and trade balance of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by country or country grouping"
9758:
9710:
1813:
The Bank of Canada issues its bank rate announcement through its Monetary Policy Report which is released eight times a year. The
1761:
Productivity measures are key indicators of economic performance and a key source of economic growth and competitiveness. OECD's
15520:
14498:
13778:
13238:
12529:
12479:
10126:
How Canada's economy went from boom to recession so fast: An in-depth look at the perfect storm that pushed Canada into recession
9067:
2825:
1673:
makes up a large part of the Canadian economy, particularly of its natural resources. In 2009, agriculture, energy, forestry and
9859:
1678:
about 73% of exports and 63% of imports as of 2009. Canada's combined exports and imports ranked 8th among all nations in 2006.
15111:
13486:
13461:
13359:
12209:
8670:
7647:
2813:
2774:
7935:
1192:, which employs about three-quarters of the country's workforce. Among developed countries, Canada has an unusually important
15450:
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14750:
12685:
12318:
12135:
12115:
12095:
12049:
11948:
9463:
9391:
9340:
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9239:
9208:
9107:
9047:
8801:
Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; León, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (2022).
8761:
8708:
7856:
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1662:
897:
90:
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15500:
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Agreement in June 1999 that settled differences over implementation of the 1985 Pacific Salmon Treaty for the next decade.
2867:
2798:
1851:
1260:
12701:
9126:; Chapter 3 in Canada in a Changing Climate: National Issues Report, (ed.) F.J. Warren and N. Lulham; Government of Canada
8438:
1745:
The depletion of renewable resources has raised concerns in recent years. After decades of escalating overutilization the
15124:
14639:
14562:
14293:
13496:
12504:
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11256:
3267:
3108:
3027:
2879:
2598:. This makes Canada the world's sixth-largest electricity producer generated by nuclear power, producing 95 TWh in 2017.
1241:
1220:
7751:
1908:
had lost about US$ 3 trillion of wealth by July 2015 when panicked investors sold stocks, which created declines in the
14772:
14416:
10343:
1591:
1500:
1074:
966:
191:
10972:
10147:
2132:(of the United States). This has led to fewer workers in this sector and the migration of retail jobs to the suburbs.
1753:
industry, after many years of activism, has in recent years moved to a more sustainable model, or to other countries.
15340:
15270:
13838:
13352:
12754:
12202:
12125:
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11999:
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industries in British Columbia and Quebec. Canada is also one of the world's highest per capita consumers of energy.
98:
3114:
In 1990, the United States and Canada signed a bilateral Fisheries Enforcement Agreement, which has served to deter
2236:. As of 2017, manufacturing accounts for 10% of Canada's GDP, a relative decline of more than 5% of GDP since 2005.
15390:
14743:
14168:
13501:
12690:
12431:
12369:
10276:
9672:
7985:
7622:
1781:
Another productivity measure, used by OECD, is the long-term trend in multifactor productivity (MFP) also known as
1229:
11233:"A legacy rich as oil: Ex-Alberta premier Peter Lougheed's ideas imprinted on party still in power 41 years later"
9814:
2243:
to all the major American and Japanese automobile makers and many parts factories owned by Canadian firms such as
14553:
12572:
12567:
12283:
12278:
2959:
2739:
1928:
In 2020, the Canadian economy had the following relative weighting by the industry as a percentage value of GDP:
1253:
957:
315:
13252:
11692:
11558:
11370:
8255:
3095:
industry to the Canadian market. The United States and Canada also have resolved several major issues involving
1136:(14th in 2023) and "is widely regarded as among the least corrupt countries of the world". It ranks high in the
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15405:
15300:
14632:
14268:
13678:
12649:
12489:
12436:
11108:
8552:
3104:
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2614:
1410:
1189:
321:
196:
119:
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12039:
11596:
11463:
8533:
2692:
of 1988 was a promise that Canada would never charge the United States more for energy than fellow Canadians.
2660:
Historically, an important issue in Canadian politics is the interplay between the oil and energy industry in
15455:
14684:
14376:
14343:
14298:
8964:
3087:(WTO) or NAFTA dispute resolution. In May 1999, the U.S. and Canadian governments negotiated an agreement on
2140:
1448:
1358:
1193:
1137:
309:
11662:
11437:"Imports, exports and trade balance of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by country or country grouping"
11202:
9729:"Imports, exports and trade balance of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by country or country grouping"
8388:
3118:
activity and reduce the risk of injury during fisheries enforcement incidents. The U.S. and Canada signed a
15410:
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15078:
15073:
15068:
15063:
15058:
15053:
15048:
15043:
15025:
15020:
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14985:
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14939:
14934:
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14914:
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14876:
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14604:
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13302:
12664:
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11718:
11278:
10403:
9902:
8024:
7997:
2521:
1703:
1632:
1415:
1201:
1169:
1133:
10614:
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7940:
7908:
7755:
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552:
28:
2664:
and the industrial heartland of Southern Ontario. Foreign investment in Western oil projects has fueled
15552:
15104:
14446:
14213:
14148:
14108:
13404:
13131:
12659:
12547:
12474:
12359:
8728:
1805:
is to conduct monetary policy that "preserves the value of money by keeping inflation low and stable".
1509:
1427:
1351:
1325:
1316:
1304:
10924:
15510:
13193:
12400:
12333:
10991:
8615:
8587:
6999:
2873:
2649:
give Canada the world's third-largest reserves of oil after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, according to
2588:
1825:
In a January 9, 2019 statement on the release of the Monetary Policy Report, Bank of Canada Governor
1782:
1770:
1464:
1284:
1177:
1173:
1153:
1035:
921:
875:
8308:
8256:"Taxing Wages 2023: Indexation of Labour Taxation and Benefits in OECD Countries | READ online"
15505:
15286:
14003:
13903:
13466:
13375:
12669:
12557:
12379:
12293:
11748:
10686:
10302:
10240:
10052:
9356:
8631:"Evolution of the world's 25 top trading nations – Share of global exports of goods (%), 1978–2020"
8316:
8163:
8142:
8063:
7873:
7726:
3251:
3244:
3084:
2727:
2654:
2536:
2125:
1691:
1209:
78:
8802:
8215:
1829:
summarized major events since the October report, such as "negative economic consequences" of the
15515:
15184:
14694:
14669:
14655:
14218:
14203:
14188:
14028:
13743:
13399:
13166:
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11084:
10854:
10830:
10590:
10494:
9231:
8840:
8558:
7672:
7565:
2680:
years after it was first announced amid a collapse of oil prices in 1985. The new Prime Minister
2218:. Central Canada is home to several auto factories of the major American and Japanese automakers.
1551:
1405:
1368:
1225:
1149:
1141:
1110:
977:
405:
174:
11873:
11137:
10734:
10662:
10434:
9980:
2810:
Canada–Jordan Free Trade Agreement (Signed on June 28, 2009, entered into force October 1, 2012)
15485:
15395:
15345:
15305:
15089:
14233:
14173:
14088:
13973:
13853:
13818:
13658:
13526:
13430:
12633:
12587:
12426:
12395:
12303:
11509:
10806:
10782:
10710:
10638:
10566:
10542:
9624:
2676:
2540:
1766:
1106:
152:
14531:
10389:
9579:
9409:"CER – Market Snapshot: 25 Years of Atlantic Canada Offshore Oil & Natural Gas Production"
9330:
9171:
9097:
8698:
2284:
2019, exports as a share of production decreased to 41.6 percent from 53 percent in YTD 2018.
15480:
15475:
15470:
15325:
15097:
14436:
14238:
14198:
14073:
14063:
14038:
14013:
13983:
13963:
13873:
13813:
13773:
13703:
13632:
13214:
13152:
13110:
13040:
12977:
12349:
11312:
10878:
10758:
10518:
9453:
9256:
9225:
9194:
8751:
7157:
Export trade from Canada measured in US dollars. In 2021, Canada exported US$ 503.4 billion.
2701:
1846:
1817:, a federal crown corporation, has the responsibility of Canada's monetary system. Under the
1400:
1272:
1114:
15460:
11053:
10433:. US Department of Commerce. International Trade Administration. August 2019. Archived from
9512:"Canada (CAN) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners - The Observatory of Economic Complexity"
9037:
8630:
7160:
That dollar amount reflects a 19.5% gain since 2017 and a 29.1% increase from 2020 to 2021.
3235:, the amount of money that all adults in the household owe financial institutions, includes
2896:
Canada is negotiating bilateral FTAs with the following countries respectively trade blocs:
1267:
and other oil reserves give Canada 13 percent of global oil reserves, constituting the
15465:
15380:
15355:
14689:
14431:
14313:
14223:
14208:
14093:
14043:
13938:
13923:
13893:
13693:
13683:
12723:
12706:
12323:
12171:
11317:
9137:
8363:
8164:"Labour force characteristics, monthly, seasonally adjusted and trend-cycle, last 5 months"
7071:
3221:
3173:
2994:
The United States is by far Canada's largest trading partner, with more than $ 1.7 billion
2215:
1905:
1890:
1855:
1749:
all but collapsed in the 1990s, and the Pacific salmon industry also suffered greatly. The
1628:
1586:
1083:
1051:
340:
82:
11531:
11486:
11396:
11185:
10253:
9649:
8700:
From Wall Street to Bay Street: The Origins and Evolution of American and Canadian Finance
7962:
8:
15430:
15365:
15335:
15310:
15149:
14471:
14466:
14456:
14361:
14333:
14253:
14248:
14228:
14138:
14123:
14058:
14023:
13918:
13858:
13833:
13828:
13798:
13763:
13758:
13728:
13708:
13612:
13506:
13207:
13096:
13068:
13054:
12963:
12928:
12552:
12524:
12421:
11898:
7572:
3134:
2646:
2627:
2244:
1909:
1859:
1818:
1670:
1576:
1469:
1264:
1157:
1125:
1105:
in goods of $ 22 billion and a trade deficit in services of $ 25 billion. The
11440:
7801:
2952:
Canada has been involved in negotiations to create the following regional trade blocks:
2870:(signed October 12, 1987, entered into force January 1, 1989, later superseded by NAFTA)
15445:
15440:
15370:
15350:
15205:
15169:
15139:
14461:
14411:
14401:
14391:
14386:
14381:
14366:
14356:
14351:
14318:
14308:
14288:
14273:
14193:
14103:
14078:
14068:
14053:
13998:
13993:
13948:
13928:
13888:
13843:
13753:
13748:
13723:
13698:
13688:
13668:
13663:
13159:
13145:
13026:
12405:
12175:
10258:
10241:
Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by industry, annual average (x 1,000,000)
9762:
9714:
9654:
9311:
9303:
9200:
9018:
7967:
7848:
7662:
7657:
7629:
7579:
7558:
3060:
2920:
2711:
2560:
2527:
2276:
2223:
2207:
2152:
2144:
1750:
1727:
1666:
1639:
1581:
1541:
1536:
1432:
1215:
Canada's economic integration with the United States has increased significantly since
1197:
636:
13622:
11574:
9257:"Who owns whom? Economic nationalism and family controlled pyramidal groups in Canada"
9071:
8682:
1232:(FIRA). The government abolished the NEP in the 1980s and changed the name of FIRA to
15385:
15375:
15315:
15179:
14592:
14481:
14451:
14426:
14406:
14396:
14371:
14328:
14283:
14278:
14243:
14163:
14158:
14128:
14113:
14048:
14018:
13978:
13958:
13943:
13908:
13898:
13738:
13733:
13713:
13673:
13440:
13124:
13047:
12613:
12374:
12313:
12258:
12131:
12111:
12091:
12069:
12045:
12025:
12005:
11984:
11964:
11944:
11510:"FTD – Statistics – Country Data – U.S. Trade Balance with South and Central America"
10339:
10027:
9608:
9459:
9387:
9336:
9315:
9264:
9235:
9204:
9103:
9043:
8816:
8757:
8704:
8661:
8653:
8562:
8001:
7881:
7667:
7586:
3008:
2228:
2211:
2191:
2172:
2147:. Canadian business services are largely concentrated in large urban areas of Canada.
1695:
1643:
1546:
1495:
1474:
1341:
1276:
1181:
1161:
1067:
373:
360:
114:
15435:
15360:
15210:
14476:
14441:
14421:
14323:
14263:
14183:
14153:
14098:
14083:
14008:
13968:
13953:
13933:
13913:
13883:
13868:
13848:
13793:
13788:
13718:
13435:
13089:
13019:
12984:
12854:
10368:
10359:
MacLaurin, Tanya; MacLaurin, Donald (2003). "Casino gaming and tourism in Canada".
9295:
9010:
8976:
8808:
7840:
7615:
6963:
3255:
2945:
2638:
2580:
2571:
2503:
2300:
1826:
1674:
1441:
1422:
1233:
382:
37:
14891:
9455:
Reconfiguring Global Climate Governance in North America: A Transregional Approach
9161:
9099:
Environmental Assessment on Energy and Sustainability by Data Envelopment Analysis
7825:
1896:
In response to the Bank of Canada's July 15, 2015 rate adjustment, Prime Minister
1646:. Many aspects of public enterprise, most notably the development of an extensive
15330:
15229:
14258:
14143:
14118:
14033:
13988:
13863:
13823:
13783:
13491:
13282:
13138:
13103:
13075:
13033:
13012:
12592:
12484:
12236:
11562:
11422:
10979:
9732:
8912:
2995:
2795:(Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and Liechtenstein; entered into force July 1, 2009)
2657:, an increase of 84% since 1990, mostly due to the development of the oil sands.
2233:
2187:
1873:
1739:
1457:
1386:
1373:
1145:
660:
49:
14515:
11719:"Largest deficit in seven years in 2019; full impact of pandemic yet to be seen"
11461:
8844:
8050:"Trudeau's Scattershot Spending Sends Child Poverty to New Lows – BNN Bloomberg"
1650:
system to redress social and economic inequities, were adopted after the end of
15035:
14972:
14833:
14704:
14539:
14505:
13637:
13394:
13174:
13117:
13061:
12459:
12184:
12059:
9984:
8554:
Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage
8190:"Canada's unemployment rate dropped to lowest level on record in March to 5.3%"
7460:
7203:
3232:
3142:
3119:
3000:
2681:
2661:
2288:
1897:
1885:
1814:
1802:
1723:
1647:
1490:
1393:
1288:
1093:
832:
781:
726:
698:
86:
10372:
9299:
8980:
2259:
1912:, which in turn negatively impacted resource-producing countries like Canada.
15546:
15243:
12903:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12180:
12057:
11807:
10422:
10320:
9536:
8938:"'Worst in the world': Here are all the rankings in which Canada is now last"
8910:
8871:
8665:
7540:
7395:
7177:
7017:
3240:
3236:
3111:, as the U.S. alleges that Canada unfairly subsidizes its forestry industry.
3100:
3004:
2669:
2605:
Non-hydro renewables are a fast-growing portion of the total, at 7% in 2016.
2565:
2272:
2117:
2113:
1863:
1746:
1613:
1259:
Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy.
1117:, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over
1102:
1070:
804:
684:
628:
624:
581:
567:
124:
9504:
15255:
14520:
13516:
13445:
13344:
9511:
8113:
7107:
3130:
3041:
2715:
2642:
2240:
1719:
1651:
1263:, and Alberta hosts the fourth-largest oil reserves in the world. The vast
1216:
1168:
average. Canada ranks among the lowest of the most developed countries for
1129:
14624:
11487:"FTD – Statistics – Country Data – U.S. Trade Balance with European Union"
9684:
2986:
14949:
13642:
13627:
12868:
12847:
12826:
11997:
11575:"The Pacific Salmon Treaty: The 1999 Agreement and Renegotiated Annex IV"
7473:
7333:
7268:
7255:
7035:
3138:
3072:
3068:
2915:
2203:
2156:
1877:
1300:
1296:
1078:
1013:
777:
591:
58:
13298:
Convention on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
11847:"Labour force characteristics by province, monthly, seasonally adjusted"
11556:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada / Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada
11176:
11023:. Environment and Climate Change Canada. January 9, 2007. Archived from
10471:. Environment and Climate Change Canada. August 19, 2019. Archived from
10014:
Bank of Canada to get marching orders to look beyond inflation targeting
9813:(Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2012.
9307:
8965:"View of 2020 TAX COMPETITIVENESS REPORT: CANADA'S INVESTMENT CHALLENGE"
8812:
7826:"Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment"
3254:
as of July 2019 was CAD$ 2.2 trillion. According to Philip Cross of the
12608:
12519:
10078:
IMF again cuts Canada's growth forecast ahead of interest rate decision
9807:
9039:
Historical Atlas of Canada: Addressing the Twentieth Century, 1891–1961
9022:
7852:
7777:
3092:
3076:
2487:
2421:
1845:
was Governor of the Bank of Canada—1987 to 1994— there was a worldwide
1669:
list, ranking ninth just behind South Korea and ahead of Saudi Arabia.
1658:
1097:
995:
648:
528:
12151:
8724:
2834:
with EU (signed 30 October 2016, entered into force 21 September 2017)
2706:
2619:
2046:
Administrative and support, waste management, and remediation services
1240:(FTA) of 1988 eliminated tariffs between the two countries, while the
14812:
13200:
12882:
12812:
12804:
12769:
12562:
11555:
10212:"GESSAROLI: Artificially low interest rates – we're paying the price"
7307:
3064:
3049:
3034:
2940:
2911:
2907:
2838:
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
2509:
2183:
2168:
2135:
1889:
Bank of Canada announcement, in the first quarter of 2015, the total
1842:
1624:
773:
652:
640:
586:
557:
336:
13297:
12194:
10198:"Bank of Canada raises interest rates for first time in seven years"
9014:
7844:
7693:
List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product
12896:
12833:
11336:
9428:"One of the World's Dirtiest Oil Patches Is Pumping More Than Ever"
8866:
Shorrocks, Anthony; Davies, Jim; Lluberas, Rodrigo (October 2018).
7752:"World Economic Outlook Database Groups and Aggregates Information"
6981:
3154:
3126:
3088:
3012:
3003:
combined, and well over twice U.S. trade with all the countries of
2744:
2623:
2584:
2483:
2479:
2385:
2372:
2324:
2164:
2129:
1715:
1292:
632:
562:
10007:
10005:
10003:
10001:
9407:
Government of Canada, Canada Energy Regulator (January 29, 2021).
8064:"Gini coefficients of adjusted market, total and after-tax income"
2591:, have significantly increased the country's generation capacity.
12910:
12103:
10421:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
9897:
9895:
9893:
9891:
9889:
9887:
9862:(Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
9848:(Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
9834:(Report). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
7905:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Canada)"
7512:
7434:
7294:
7242:
7053:
6945:
3096:
3016:
2935:
2901:
2631:
2556:
2552:
2491:
2445:
2409:
2263:
2248:
2160:
2121:
1682:
world leader in the production of many natural resources such as
1483:
1271:. Canada is additionally one of the world's largest suppliers of
644:
33:
15119:
14499:
Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China
13313:
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies
12044:, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Geoeconomic Studies,
12041:
The Canadian oil sands : energy security vs. climate change
11507:
11484:
10162:"The Bank of Canada Shows It's the Federal Reserve of the North"
9607:
Global Systems by David J Rees with Michael G Jones, Chapter 4,
9529:
8534:"International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity – CANADA"
8389:"Canada's balance of international payments, third quarter 2021"
3166:
2470:
In 2019, the country was also the 4th largest world producer of
14561:
12889:
12875:
12840:
12783:
12776:
12495:
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec
10390:"Manufacturing's share of gross domestic product, 1900 to 2005"
10102:
After rate cut, Canada PM's office says global woes hit economy
9998:
9873:
9759:"Gross domestic product at basic prices, by industry (monthly)"
9689:
9572:
8461:"Moody's Affirms Canada's Aaa Rating; Maintains Stable Outlook"
7499:
7421:
7320:
7281:
7229:
7089:
3150:
2882:(entered into force January 1, 1994, later superseded by USMCA)
2665:
2576:
2531:
2475:
2471:
2433:
2397:
2360:
2348:
2305:
Canada is one of the largest producers of metals (as of 2019):
2116:. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of
2109:
1711:
1707:
1687:
1280:
1245:
1176:. Among OECD members, Canada has a highly efficient and strong
1089:
846:
656:
14506:
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu
12166:
12161:
10948:"Aluminum heavyweights to make $ 15-billion Quebec investment"
9884:
2822:(Signed on March 11, 2014, entered into force January 1, 2015)
14614:
13284:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
12819:
12797:
12790:
11595:. Geography.howstuffworks.com. March 30, 2008. Archived from
11177:
Michel Beine; Charles S. Bos; Serge Coulombe (January 2009).
10336:
Hollywood North the feature film industry in British Columbia
9711:"Exports of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by product"
8800:
7486:
7447:
7408:
7359:
7346:
7216:
7190:
3045:
3020:
2930:
2925:
2886:
2280:
1261:
Atlantic Canada possess vast offshore deposits of natural gas
860:
818:
740:
712:
576:
12753:
12510:
Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada
12500:
Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario
11998:
Hessing, Melody; Michael Howlett, Tracy Summerville (2005),
11689:"Overview of Canadian Foreign Direct Investment (PRB-0833E)"
11464:"FTD – Statistics – Trade Highlights – Top Trading Partners"
10361:
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management
10301:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (January 25, 2021).
10122:
8487:"Fitch Downgrades Canada's Ratings to 'AA+'; Outlook Stable"
8339:"Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$ ) - Canada"
8284:"Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$ ) - Canada"
2840:(signed March 8, 2018, entered into force December 30, 2018)
2789:(Entered into force November 1, 2002, modernization ongoing)
2653:. The oil and gas industry represents 27% of Canada's total
1638:
The Canadian economic system generally combines elements of
13283:
12861:
12582:
11257:"The Relative Position of Canada in the World Grain Market"
11160:"Growing Equalization Payments to Ontario Threaten Country"
10428:"Global Steel Trade Monitor – Steel Exports Report: Canada"
10404:"The Canadian Manufacturing Sector: Adapting to Challenges"
10054:
Bank of Canada lowers overnight rate target to 1/2 per cent
10047:
10045:
9745:
Canada's Private to Public (Crown) Property Ratio is 60:40.
8807:(15th ed.). World Intellectual Property Organization.
8415:
7806:
7727:"Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by industry"
3048:, are exported to the United States; 72% of Canada's total
2856:
2846:(signed November 30, 2018, entered into force July 1, 2020)
2793:
Canada–European Free Trade Association Free Trade Agreement
2777:(Entered into force January 1, 1997, modernization ongoing)
2650:
2457:
2336:
1699:
1683:
1165:
572:
10465:"Greenhouse gas sources and sinks: executive summary 2019"
9983:(Press release). Monetary Policy Report. Ottawa, Ontario:
9000:
8023:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (March 23, 2022).
7635:
2816:(Signed on May 14, 2010, entered into force April 1, 2013)
2291:
accounted for 10.2% of Canada's Greenhouse gas emissions.
1128:
sector, with the world's highest per-capita membership in
14501:, participating as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao, China".
12156:
11393:"The Daily, Friday, January 5, 2007. Labour Force Survey"
11207:
The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation of Canada
3276:
Here is a list of the biggest deals in Canadian history:
2852:(signed 9 December 2020, entered into force 1 April 2021)
2486:; in addition to being the 6th largest world producer of
1279:
are one of the most important global producers of wheat,
12107:
Understanding the Social Economy: A Canadian Perspective
11941:
Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos
11853:. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. April 4, 2024
11808:"M&A Canada – Mergers & Acquisitions Statistics"
11129:
11045:
10042:
10011:
9946:
9162:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
2828:(Signed 11 July 2016, entered into force August 1, 2017)
2568:
amounting to 72 TWh exports and 10 TWh imports in 2017.
12299:
National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy
11977:
Easterbrook, William Thomas; Aitken, Hugh G. J (1988).
11073:
10180:"Bank of Canada Raises Rates for First Time in 7 Years"
9196:
The American Challenge: The World Resists US Liberalism
9138:"Research & development spending as a share of GDP"
8865:
2971:
2539:
integrated public utilities play a leading role in the
1627:, Canada is the only North American country to use the
498:
10.7% youth unemployment (May 2022; 15 to 24 year-olds)
12515:
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions
11643:(20th ed.). Global Affairs Canada. August 2, 2019
11621:(20th ed.). Global Affairs Canada. August 2, 2019
11179:"Does the Canadian economy suffer from Dutch Disease?"
11133:
Reducing diesel energy in rural and remote communities
9705:
9703:
9537:"The Atlas of Economic Complexity by @HarvardGrwthLab"
9335:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 569.
2670:
decline of the manufacturing sector in the Netherlands
13492:
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
9357:"Expand globally with Canada's free trade agreements"
9255:
Morck, Randall; Tian, Gloria; Yeung, Bernard (2005).
3099:. By common agreement, the two countries submitted a
3033:
The largest component of U.S.–Canada trade is in the
12329:
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
11960:
Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy
11773:
A Longer-term Perspective on Canada's Household Debt
11439:. 0.statcan.gc.ca. February 11, 2011. Archived from
10300:
9406:
9070:. Statistics Canada. January 8, 2009. Archived from
8932:
8930:
8022:
7530:
1303:
representing particularly important industries. The
14504:
Officially the Republic of China, participates as "
12065:
Services industries and the knowledge-based economy
11712:
11710:
11224:
11195:
10116:
9700:
9091:
9089:
8911:Source: Prices: Analytical house price indicators.
7683:
List of Median household income of cities in Canada
3007:combined. Just the two-way trade that crosses the
2948:(FTA's are already in force with Peru and Colombia)
772:machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts,
12104:Quarter, Jack; Laurie Mook, Ann Armstrong (2009),
12001:Canadian natural resource and environmental policy
11802:
11800:
11740:
11732:"2015 Report of the International Monetary Fund",
11717:Statistics Canada, The Daily (November 18, 2020).
11368:
11279:"Agriculture and Agri-Food Economic Account, 2015"
10992:"Canada vs. The OECD: An Environmental Comparison"
10903:"World Uranium Mining – World Nuclear Association"
10358:
10303:"Labour force characteristics by industry, annual"
9972:
9941:Transforming the Nation: Canada and Brian Mulroney
9787:
9785:
8635:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
2490:. It was the 2nd largest producer in the world of
1623:With the exception of a few island nations in the
1144:(15th in 2022). Canada's economy ranks above most
11976:
11746:
11716:
11663:"Direct Investment by Country and Industry, 2018"
9603:
9601:
8927:
2763:
1635:, it has developed unique economic institutions.
1254:Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements
15544:
11707:
10236:
10234:
10232:
10123:Chris Sorensen; Aaron Hutchins (July 15, 2015),
9793:'OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2012
9086:
8508:"Official International Reserves - July 4, 2024"
7796:
7794:
7688:List of Commonwealth of Nations countries by GDP
2956:Canada and Central American Free Trade Agreement
2876:(concluded October 5, 2015, superseded by CPTPP)
2688:. One of the most controversial sections of the
1244:(NAFTA) expanded the free-trade zone to include
1238:Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement
11797:
10243:, Statistics Canada, Table 36-10-0434-03, 2018.
10074:
10012:Jeremy Torobin; Bill Curry (October 16, 2011),
9832:OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2021
9808:OECD Economic Surveys Canada June 2012 Overview
9782:
9562:"Mapping Canada's Top Manufacturing Industries"
9036:Harris, R. Cole; Matthews, Geoffrey J. (1987).
2014:Professional, scientific and technical services
13308:Programme for International Student Assessment
9852:
9598:
9254:
9035:
8994:
8749:
7930:
7928:
7926:
7153:List of the largest trading partners of Canada
40:of Canada, and one of the largest in the world
15271:
15105:
14640:
14547:
14342:
13360:
13268:
12739:
12264:Comparison of Canadian and American economies
12210:
11923:Political Economy of Canada: An Introduction.
11750:Credit measures, Bank of Canada (x 1,000,000)
11395:. Statcan.ca. January 5, 2007. Archived from
11157:
11130:Natural Resources Canada (January 30, 2018),
11083:, Paris: IEA/OECD, p. 19, archived from
10229:
9934:
9932:
9930:
9777:Political Economy of Canada: An Introduction.
9451:
9332:The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World
9135:
8358:
8356:
8158:
8156:
7998:"The Daily — Consumer Price Index, June 2024"
7791:
7653:Comparison of Canadian and American economies
7378:Import trade in 2017 measured in US dollars.
2070:Other services (except public administration)
1958:Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
15285:
13374:
11943:, Paris : OECD economic surveys, 2010,
11833:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
11769:
11725:
11691:. .parl.gc.ca. June 17, 2008. Archived from
11046:Natural Resources Canada (October 6, 2017),
10092:
9642:
9516:OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity
9223:
9192:
9095:
8703:. University of Toronto Press. p. 220.
8696:
8660:(20 ed.). Global Affairs Canada. 2021.
3091:that provides increased access for the U.S.
1050:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in
14654:
14563:North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
12655:Canadian Federation of Independent Business
11763:
10068:
9259:. In Eden, Lorraine; Dobson, Wendy (eds.).
8750:Rotberg, Robert I.; Carment, David (2018).
8550:
7923:
7819:
7817:
7678:History of the petroleum industry in Canada
3261:
3216:
2078:Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
1776:
15278:
15264:
15112:
15098:
14647:
14633:
14554:
14540:
13367:
13353:
13275:
13261:
12746:
12732:
12217:
12203:
10384:
10382:
9927:
9419:
9224:Kerr, William; Perdikis, Nicholas (2014).
9042:. University of Toronto Press. p. 2.
8962:
8353:
8153:
8025:"The Daily — Canadian Income Survey, 2020"
7899:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7891:
7698:List of Canadian metropolitan areas by GDP
2887:Ongoing free-trade agreements negotiations
2832:Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
1661:. Canada has one of the highest levels of
1307:is also a key contributor to the economy.
1156:and experiences a relatively low level of
15563:World Trade Organization member economies
12470:Canada Development Investment Corporation
12127:Progress in Economics Research, Volume 12
11932:Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2002.
11915:Bibliography of Canadian economic history
11593:"HowStuffWorks "The St. Lawrence Seaway""
10291:Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2002.
8770:
8697:Kobrak, Christopher; Martin, Joe (2018).
8608:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7951:
7823:
7131:
7113:
7095:
7077:
7059:
7041:
7023:
7005:
6987:
6969:
6951:
6912:
6843:
6835:
6774:
6766:
6705:
6697:
6636:
6628:
6567:
6559:
6551:
6498:
6490:
6429:
6421:
6360:
6352:
6283:
6222:
6214:
6153:
6145:
6084:
6076:
6015:
6007:
5946:
5938:
5877:
5869:
5808:
5800:
5739:
5731:
5670:
5662:
5601:
5593:
5532:
5524:
5463:
5455:
5394:
5386:
5325:
5317:
5256:
5248:
5187:
5179:
5118:
5110:
5049:
5041:
4980:
4972:
4911:
4903:
4842:
4834:
4773:
4765:
4704:
4696:
4635:
4627:
4566:
4558:
4497:
4489:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4359:
4351:
4290:
4282:
4221:
4213:
4152:
4144:
4083:
4075:
4014:
4006:
3945:
3937:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3663:
2690:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement
2684:had campaigned against the policy in the
1808:
1756:
906:
502:
494:
486:
391:
368:
12755:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
11369:The Canadian Press (February 24, 2011).
11302:
11300:
10950:. Canadian Manufacturing. Archived from
10945:
10020:
9838:
9824:
9800:
9751:
9625:"Crown Land | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
9349:
9096:Sueyoshi, Toshiyuki; Goto, Mika (2018).
8969:The School of Public Policy Publications
8778:"The Global Competitiveness Report 2019"
8403:
7814:
3165:
3052:production also is exported to the U.S.
2985:
2857:Free-trade agreements no longer in force
2743:
2733:
2705:
2618:
2258:
2202:
2134:
1726:sector, which is directly linked to the
348:
12530:Western Economic Diversification Canada
12480:Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
12123:
12081:
11956:
11871:
10973:Environment Canada – Energy Consumption
10687:"USGS Molybdenum Production Statistics"
10379:
10098:
9328:
9263:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 50.
9227:The Economics of International Commerce
8725:"Corruption Perceptions Index (latest)"
8648:
8646:
8644:
8551:Hall, Peter A.; Soskice, David (2001).
8411:"Official development assistance (ODA)"
7888:
7770:"World Band Country and Lending Groups"
3125:Canada and the United States signed an
2820:Canada–South Korea Free Trade Agreement
2482:; the world's 10th largest producer of
2094:Management of companies and enterprises
1212:across various sectors of the economy.
15545:
13462:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
13239:special administrative region of China
12578:Federal financing for small businesses
12017:
11925:Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992.
11508:FTDWebMaster, FTD Data Dissemination.
11485:FTDWebMaster, FTD Data Dissemination.
11259:. Dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca. October 2, 2002
11230:
11011:
11009:
10923:. Guidetobceconomy.org. Archived from
10459:
10457:
10455:
10410:
10333:
9779:Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1992.
9685:"The World's Largest Public Companies"
9261:Governance, Multinationals, and Growth
9155:
8753:Canada's Corruption at Home and Abroad
8303:
8301:
7948:
7802:"Social Expenditure – Aggregated data"
7124:
3059:billion in 2004, U.S.-Canada trade in
2787:Canada–Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement
1836:
1657:Approximately 89% of Canada's land is
506:1.2 million unemployed (December 2021)
471:59.1% employment rate (September 2020)
15259:
15093:
14628:
14535:
13348:
13256:
12727:
12705:
12686:Canadian Index of Consumer Confidence
12319:Public-private partnerships in Canada
12224:
12198:
11371:"Canada, Japan study free-trade pact"
11346:. International.gc.ca. Archived from
11297:
11109:"Top 15 Nuclear Generating Countries"
10891:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10867:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10855:"USGS Graphite Production Statistics"
10843:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10831:"USGS Antimony Production Statistics"
10819:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10795:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10771:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10747:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10723:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10699:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10675:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10651:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10627:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10615:"USGS Titanium Production Statistics"
10603:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10591:"USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics"
10579:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10555:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10531:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10507:from the original on October 9, 2022.
10495:"USGS Platinum Production Statistics"
10246:
10016:, Ottawa, Ontario: The Globe and Mail
9979:Poloz, Stephen S. (January 9, 2019).
9978:
9955:Inflation-Control Target Backgrounder
9938:
9425:
9381:
9287:Canadian Journal of Political Science
8913:"Prices – Housing prices – OECD Data"
8479:
7862:from the original on August 10, 2013.
2990:Flags of Canada and the United States
2844:Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement
2474:; the 13th largest world producer of
1763:Compendium of Productivity Indicators
1250:Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement
1236:to encourage foreign investment. The
239:
228:
13241:, participates as "Hong Kong, China"
12465:Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation
12455:Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
12084:"The Economic Development of Canada"
12037:
11937:"OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 2010"
11930:A Geography of the Canadian Economy.
11891:
11865:
11786:from the original on October 9, 2022
10735:"USGS Lithium Production Statistics"
10663:"USGS Niobium Production Statistics"
10289:A Geography of the Canadian Economy.
10030:(Report). Bank of Canada. April 2009
9968:from the original on October 9, 2022
9915:from the original on October 9, 2022
9283:
9164:"Gross domestic spending on R&D"
9056:from the original on March 20, 2018.
8756:. Taylor & Francis. p. 12.
8641:
8085:United Nations Development Programme
8078:"Human Development Report 2023/2024"
6922:
2978:Canada–United States trade relations
2972:Canada–United States trade relations
2850:Canada–UK Trade Continuity Agreement
2805:Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement
2317:
1801:The mandate of the central bank—the
663:, natural gas, electricity, aluminum
352:2.0% (12 month change – August 2024)
13472:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
12505:Financial Consumer Agency of Canada
12024:, McGill-Queen's University Press,
11320:. February 10, 2017. Archived from
11006:
10807:"USGS Gypsum Production Statistics"
10783:"USGS Sulfur Production Statistics"
10711:"USGS Cobalt Production Statistics"
10655:
10639:"USGS Potash Production Statistics"
10631:
10607:
10583:
10567:"USGS Copper Production Statistics"
10559:
10543:"USGS Nickel Production Statistics"
10535:
10511:
10487:
10452:
9820:from the original on June 16, 2013.
9761:. Statistics Canada. Archived from
9731:. Statistics Canada. Archived from
9713:. Statistics Canada. Archived from
9480:"Trade Ranking Report: Agriculture"
9386:. Springer. pp. 323, 378–389.
9193:Mosler, David; Catley, Bob (2013).
9122:Vodden, K. and Cunsolo, A. (2021):
8963:Mintz, Jack; Bazel, Philip (2021).
8717:
8298:
8094:from the original on March 13, 2024
7648:Canada's Global Markets Action Plan
3268:List of largest companies of Canada
3079:facilities on the western borders.
3028:North American Free Trade Agreement
2966:
2880:North American Free Trade Agreement
2826:Canada–Ukraine Free Trade Agreement
2801:(Entered into force August 1, 2009)
2710:An inland grain terminal along the
2038:Information and cultural industries
1242:North American Free Trade Agreement
1221:Automotive Products Trade Agreement
13:
12715:Links related to Economy of Canada
12062:, Canada. Industry Canada (2006),
11908:
11231:Gerson, Jen (September 14, 2012),
10099:Lampert, Allison (July 15, 2015),
8609:Diekmeyer, Peter (June 11, 2020).
8309:"Canada – WTO Statistics Database"
8170:. Statistics Canada. June 27, 2018
2814:Canada–Panama Free Trade Agreement
2775:Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement
2626:'s Mildred Lake plant site at the
2086:Arts, entertainment and recreation
1942:Real estate and rental and leasing
1160:. The country's average household
14:
15574:
14508:", and "Chinese Taipei" in short.
13482:Trade-Related Investment Measures
12145:
11872:Workman, Daniel (March 4, 2022).
11308:"Trade and Investment Agreements"
11213:from the original on May 19, 2018
10946:Canadian, The (October 4, 2011).
10879:"USGS Salt Production Statistics"
10759:"USGS Zinc Production Statistics"
10519:"USGS Gold Production Statistics"
9961:, Bank of Canada, November 2010,
9426:Monga, Vipal (January 13, 2022).
8975:(1). Journalhosting.ucalgary.ca.
7874:"Population estimates, quarterly"
3227:
2783:(Entered into force July 5, 1997)
2781:Canada–Chile Free Trade Agreement
2478:; the 14th worldwide producer of
2103:
1982:Health care and social assistance
1923:
1796:
15401:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
15237:
15224:
15223:
14613:
14598:
14586:
14574:
14514:
13804:Democratic Republic of the Congo
12708:
12691:International rankings of Canada
12432:Social Union Framework Agreement
12309:Provinces and territories by GDP
11921:Howlett, Michael and M. Ramesh.
11839:
11825:
11681:
11655:
11633:
11611:
11585:
11567:
11549:
11524:
11501:
11478:
11455:
11429:
11411:
11385:
11362:
11344:"Canada's Free Trade Agreements"
11271:
11249:
11170:
11151:
11123:
11101:
11077:Key World Energy Statistics 2010
11067:
11039:
10984:
10966:
10939:
10913:
10895:
10871:
10847:
10823:
10799:
10775:
10751:
10727:
10703:
10679:
10416:
10396:
10352:
10327:
10313:
10294:
10281:
10204:
10190:
10172:
10075:David Parkinson (July 9, 2015),
9860:OECD Canada Economic Survey 2021
9846:OECD Canada Economic Survey 2018
9775:Howlett, Michael and M. Ramesh.
9541:The Atlas of Economic Complexity
8685:. World Federation of Exchanges.
8216:"Unemployment rate by age group"
8114:"Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)"
7634:
7533:
7130:
7112:
7094:
7076:
7058:
7040:
7022:
7004:
6986:
6968:
6950:
6911:
6903:
6896:
6895:
6888:
6887:
6880:
6879:
6872:
6871:
6864:
6863:
6856:
6855:
6842:
6834:
6827:
6826:
6819:
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6811:
6810:
6803:
6802:
6795:
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6787:
6786:
6773:
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6758:
6757:
6750:
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6717:
6704:
6696:
6689:
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6681:
6680:
6673:
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6665:
6664:
6657:
6656:
6649:
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6604:
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6441:
6428:
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6412:
6405:
6404:
6397:
6396:
6389:
6388:
6381:
6380:
6373:
6372:
6359:
6351:
6344:
6343:
6336:
6335:
6328:
6327:
6320:
6319:
6312:
6311:
6304:
6303:
6290:
6282:
6275:
6274:
6267:
6266:
6259:
6258:
6251:
6250:
6243:
6242:
6235:
6234:
6221:
6213:
6206:
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6198:
6197:
6190:
6189:
6182:
6181:
6174:
6173:
6166:
6165:
6152:
6144:
6137:
6136:
6129:
6128:
6121:
6120:
6113:
6112:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6096:
6083:
6075:
6068:
6067:
6060:
6059:
6052:
6051:
6044:
6043:
6036:
6035:
6028:
6027:
6014:
6006:
5999:
5998:
5991:
5990:
5983:
5982:
5975:
5974:
5967:
5966:
5959:
5958:
5945:
5937:
5930:
5929:
5922:
5921:
5914:
5913:
5906:
5905:
5898:
5897:
5890:
5889:
5876:
5868:
5861:
5860:
5853:
5852:
5845:
5844:
5837:
5836:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5820:
5807:
5799:
5792:
5791:
5784:
5783:
5776:
5775:
5768:
5767:
5760:
5759:
5752:
5751:
5738:
5730:
5723:
5722:
5715:
5714:
5707:
5706:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5690:
5683:
5682:
5669:
5661:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5645:
5638:
5637:
5630:
5629:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5613:
5600:
5592:
5585:
5584:
5577:
5576:
5569:
5568:
5561:
5560:
5553:
5552:
5545:
5544:
5531:
5523:
5516:
5515:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5499:
5492:
5491:
5484:
5483:
5476:
5475:
5462:
5454:
5447:
5446:
5439:
5438:
5431:
5430:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5406:
5393:
5385:
5378:
5377:
5370:
5369:
5362:
5361:
5354:
5353:
5346:
5345:
5338:
5337:
5324:
5316:
5309:
5308:
5301:
5300:
5293:
5292:
5285:
5284:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5268:
5255:
5247:
5240:
5239:
5232:
5231:
5224:
5223:
5216:
5215:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5199:
5186:
5178:
5171:
5170:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5154:
5147:
5146:
5139:
5138:
5131:
5130:
5117:
5109:
5102:
5101:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5077:
5070:
5069:
5062:
5061:
5048:
5040:
5033:
5032:
5025:
5024:
5017:
5016:
5009:
5008:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4992:
4979:
4971:
4964:
4963:
4956:
4955:
4948:
4947:
4940:
4939:
4932:
4931:
4924:
4923:
4910:
4902:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4886:
4879:
4878:
4871:
4870:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4854:
4841:
4833:
4826:
4825:
4818:
4817:
4810:
4809:
4802:
4801:
4794:
4793:
4786:
4785:
4772:
4764:
4757:
4756:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4732:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4716:
4703:
4695:
4688:
4687:
4680:
4679:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4663:
4656:
4655:
4648:
4647:
4634:
4626:
4619:
4618:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4586:
4579:
4578:
4565:
4557:
4550:
4549:
4542:
4541:
4534:
4533:
4526:
4525:
4518:
4517:
4510:
4509:
4496:
4488:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4472:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4456:
4449:
4448:
4441:
4440:
4427:
4419:
4411:
4404:
4403:
4396:
4395:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4379:
4372:
4371:
4358:
4350:
4343:
4342:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4326:
4319:
4318:
4311:
4310:
4303:
4302:
4289:
4281:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4265:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4249:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4233:
4220:
4212:
4205:
4204:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4188:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4164:
4151:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4127:
4120:
4119:
4112:
4111:
4104:
4103:
4096:
4095:
4082:
4074:
4067:
4066:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4034:
4027:
4026:
4013:
4005:
3998:
3997:
3990:
3989:
3982:
3981:
3974:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3957:
3944:
3936:
3929:
3928:
3921:
3920:
3913:
3912:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3888:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3827:
3820:
3819:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3774:
3767:
3766:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3750:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3714:
3713:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3689:
3682:
3681:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3250:According to Statistics Canada,
2868:Canada–U.S. Free Trade Agreement
2799:Canada–Peru Free Trade Agreement
2198:
1607:
1340:
1287:of zinc, uranium, gold, nickel,
1230:Foreign Investment Review Agency
905:
888:Outward: $ 2.096 trillion (2022)
853:
839:
825:
811:
797:
758:
757:
733:
719:
705:
691:
677:
610:
609:
501:
493:
485:
467:
466:
459:
458:
431:
430:
415:
414:
390:
367:
347:
266:
265:
258:
257:
234:
233:
223:
222:
215:
214:
169:
168:
165:$ 2.118 trillion (nominal; 2023)
161:
160:
143:
142:
27:
12110:, University of Toronto Press,
12068:, University of Calgary Press,
11983:. University of Toronto Press.
11874:"Canada's Top Trading Partners"
11747:Statistics Canada (July 2019),
11158:Lee Greenberg (July 20, 2011).
10154:
10140:
9866:
9769:
9739:
9721:
9677:
9617:
9554:
9472:
9452:Lopez-Vallejo, Marcela (2016).
9445:
9400:
9375:
9322:
9277:
9248:
9217:
9186:
9129:
9116:
9060:
9029:
8956:
8904:
8878:
8859:
8829:
8794:
8743:
8690:
8675:
8623:
8602:
8575:
8544:
8526:
8500:
8453:
8431:
8381:
8331:
8276:
8262:
8248:
8234:
8208:
8182:
8135:
8106:
8070:
8056:
8042:
8016:
7710:
7373:
7146:
2960:Free Trade Area of the Americas
2740:Free-trade agreements of Canada
2062:Accommodation and food services
1269:world's third or fourth-largest
1248:in 1994 (later replaced by the
1164:per capita is "well above" the
885:Inward: $ 1.460 trillion (2022)
14179:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
12650:Canada Development Corporation
12269:Economic impact of immigration
11963:, Cambridge University Press,
11641:"Canada's State of Trade 2019"
11619:"Canada's State of Trade 2019"
9629:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
7990:
7866:
7762:
7744:
6904:
6291:
3357:Rio Tinto Canada Holdings Inc
3105:International Court of Justice
2764:Free-trade agreements in force
2695:
2686:1984 Canadian federal election
2615:Petroleum production in Canada
2608:
2515:
2224:general pattern of development
2030:Transportation and warehousing
1180:; social expenditure stood at
1092:is one of the world's largest
1:
11957:Baldwin, John Russel (2003),
11074:International Energy Agency,
10994:. Environmentalindicators.com
8143:"Labor force, total - Canada"
7738:
2266:, view from Burlington Street
1285:country is a leading exporter
1138:Global Competitiveness Report
1043:US$ 122.9 billion (July 2024)
15526:United States Virgin Islands
14680:Department of Finance Canada
13303:OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
12665:Canadian Payroll Association
12573:Federal Contractors' Program
12157:Department of Finance Canada
12021:Workers and Canadian history
11901:. Michigan State University.
9124:Rural and Remote Communities
9003:American Sociological Review
8804:Global Innovation Index 2022
3547:Fording Canadian Coal Trust
2522:Electricity sector in Canada
1134:Corruption Perceptions Index
1111:tenth-largest stock exchange
537:C$ 5,065 / US$ 3,700 monthly
520:C$ 6,809 / US$ 4,975 monthly
7:
13477:Technical Barriers to Trade
13222:APEC Youth Science Festival
12254:Agreement on Internal Trade
11734:International Monetary Fund
11667:Bureau of Economic Analysis
11561:September 28, 2006, at the
10264:Central Intelligence Agency
9660:Central Intelligence Agency
9485:. FCC. 2017. Archived from
9329:Krieger, Joel, ed. (2001).
8837:"Index of Economic Freedom"
7973:Central Intelligence Agency
7941:International Monetary Fund
7909:International Monetary Fund
7756:International Monetary Fund
7526:
3559:
3019:equals all U.S. exports to
1831:US-led trade war with China
1517:Companies listed on the TSX
1310:
10:
15579:
15287:Economy of North America
14685:Governor general's warrant
13405:International Trade Centre
12660:Credit Institute of Canada
12475:Canada Infrastructure Bank
12190:Canada Exports and Imports
12018:Kealey, Gregory S (1995),
11912:
11899:"Canada: Trade Statistics"
11111:. Nuclear Energy Institute
11017:"Greenhouse gas emissions"
10978:February 22, 2004, at the
10367:(6). MCB UP Ltd: 328–332.
10148:"Inflation-Control Target"
8729:Transparency International
7774:datahelpdesk.worldbank.org
7150:
6935:percentage of labour force
3265:
2975:
2737:
2699:
2612:
2519:
2501:
2298:
2239:Central Canada is home to
1317:Economic history of Canada
1314:
15501:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
15419:
15293:
15219:
15193:
15160:Newfoundland and Labrador
15132:
15034:
14971:
14948:
14890:
14832:
14811:
14703:
14662:
14611:
14569:
14494:
13651:
13605:
13525:
13454:
13418:
13382:
13329:Multinational Enterprises
13321:
13290:
13231:
13194:APEC Business Travel Card
13185:
12920:
12761:
12721:
12678:
12642:
12601:
12538:
12445:
12414:
12401:List of tariffs in Canada
12388:
12342:
12289:Interprovincial migration
12244:
12232:
12082:Pomfret, Richard (1981),
11980:Canadian Economic History
11770:Philip Cross (May 2015),
11203:"National Energy Program"
10373:10.1108/09596110310488177
9908:(Report). July 15, 2015.
9584:The Canadian Encyclopedia
9458:. Routledge. p. 82.
9382:Brown, Charles E (2002).
9300:10.1017/S0008423908080785
8981:10.11575/sppp.v14i1.72311
8654:"U.S.-Canada Trade Facts"
8616:The Canadian Encyclopedia
8588:The Canadian Encyclopedia
8465:Moody's Investors Service
7000:Newfoundland and Labrador
3449:CNOOC Canada Holding Ltd
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3245:overheated housing market
2874:Trans-Pacific Partnership
2589:Newfoundland and Labrador
2497:
2294:
1783:total factor productivity
1771:total factor productivity
1174:foreign direct investment
1154:Index of Economic Freedom
1142:Global Innovation Indexes
1047:
1033:
964:
949:
945:665.7 billion (2017 est.)
941:
937:649.6 billion (2017 est.)
933:
919:
914:
895:
873:
787:
766:
753:
667:
618:
605:
600:
543:
526:
513:
478:
449:
403:
380:
356:
334:
300:
277:
248:
205:
184:
151:
138:
133:
105:
68:
56:
45:
26:
15521:Turks and Caicos Islands
13779:Central African Republic
13410:Chronology of key events
13390:Accession and membership
13376:World Trade Organization
12670:Canadian Labour Congress
12124:Tavidze, Albert (2007),
12038:Levi, Michael A (2009),
10338:. Vancouver: UBC Press.
10277:(Archived 2018 edition.)
9673:(Archived 2007 edition.)
9068:"Employment by Industry"
8687:as of November 2018
8439:"Sovereigns rating list"
8317:World Trade Organization
7986:(Archived 2019 edition.)
7824:Kenworthy, Lane (1999).
7703:
3495:Cia Vale do Rio Doce SA
3262:Mergers and acquisitions
3222:Canadian government debt
3217:Canadian government debt
3176:in 2006 – 2007 and 2019
3103:boundary dispute to the
3085:World Trade Organization
2728:World Trade Organization
2655:greenhouse gas emissions
2254:
2182:Canada has an important
2126:Real Canadian Superstore
2124:(of the United States),
1777:Multifactor productivity
1283:, and other grains. The
1210:research and development
960:, US$ 7.8 billion (2022)
929:−1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
762:US$ 726.1 billion (2023)
614:US$ 717.6 billion (2023)
553:Transportation equipment
262:$ 53,247 (nominal; 2023)
14695:New shoes on budget day
14670:Canadian federal budget
14656:Canadian federal budget
13400:Dispute Settlement Body
10321:"Canada Business Facts"
9232:Edward Elgar Publishing
8841:The Heritage Foundation
8658:Canada's State of Trade
8559:Oxford University Press
8441:. Standard & Poor's
7673:Economy of Saskatchewan
3161:
3109:softwood lumber dispute
1841:During the period that
1702:, and in recent years,
1369:Energy policy of Canada
1226:National Energy Program
1150:The Heritage Foundation
910:$ 1.4 billion (Q3 2021)
406:Human Development Index
15451:British Virgin Islands
13502:Information Technology
13497:Government Procurement
13431:Doha Development Round
12634:Toronto Stock Exchange
12588:National Child Benefit
12427:Minimum wage in Canada
12396:Canadian import duties
12370:Science and technology
10028:Monetary Policy Report
9903:Monetary Policy Report
9384:World Energy Resources
9102:. Wiley. p. 496.
8890:OECD Better Life Index
8868:"Global Wealth Report"
8843:. 2020. Archived from
8611:"Capitalism in Canada"
8583:"Capitalism in Canada"
8341:. The World Bank. 2023
8286:. The World Bank. 2023
3252:total household credit
3213:
2991:
2760:
2758: Free-trade areas
2718:
2677:National Energy Policy
2634:
2267:
2219:
2148:
1884:On July 15, 2015, the
1809:Monetary Policy Report
1767:gross domestic product
1757:Measuring productivity
1178:social security system
1132:. It ranks low in the
1107:Toronto Stock Exchange
372:6.4% (official, 2020;
15558:OECD member economies
15391:Saint Kitts and Nevis
15201:Northwest Territories
15125:province or territory
13809:Republic of the Congo
13633:Supachai Panitchpakdi
13215:APEC Sculpture Garden
12568:Equalization payments
12490:Department of Finance
12279:Free trade agreements
11532:"International Trade"
11313:Global Affairs Canada
11191:on November 17, 2011.
10907:www.world-nuclear.org
10334:Gasher, Mike (2002).
9795:(Report). OECD. 2012.
3592:(in Bil. US$ nominal)
3409:Enbridge Inc-Liquids
3403:Enbridge Income Fund
3317:Nortel Networks Corp
3169:
2989:
2900:Caribbean Community (
2747:
2734:Free-trade agreements
2709:
2702:Agriculture in Canada
2622:
2264:ArcelorMittal Dofasco
2262:
2206:
2138:
1990:Public administration
1966:Finance and insurance
1315:Further information:
1273:agricultural products
1170:housing affordability
1115:market capitalization
1075:tenth-largest economy
978:Standard & Poor's
147:41,012,563 (Q2, 2024)
15175:Prince Edward Island
14690:Canadian public debt
14294:United Arab Emirates
13334:Testing of Chemicals
11851:www150.statcan.gc.ca
11324:on February 12, 2017
11318:Government of Canada
10927:on September 7, 2011
10406:. Statistics Canada.
10392:. Statistics Canada.
10307:www150.statcan.gc.ca
10081:, The Globe and Mail
9747:2006 exports/imports
9717:on November 2, 2011.
8029:www150.statcan.gc.ca
8004:. September 17, 2024
7731:www150.statcan.gc.ca
7072:Prince Edward Island
3386:Spectra Energy Corp
3300:Value (in bil. USD)
3174:Inverted yield curve
2216:Greater Toronto Area
2022:Educational services
1906:Chinese stock market
1891:Consumer price index
1856:consumer price index
1629:parliamentary system
1202:petroleum industries
1182:roughly 23.1% of GDP
1124:Canada has a strong
789:Main import partners
669:Main export partners
515:Average gross salary
463:21.34 million (2022)
287:18th (nominal, 2023)
270:$ 59,813 (PPP; 2023)
192:10th (nominal, 2023)
15406:Trinidad and Tobago
15301:Antigua and Barbuda
14675:Minister of Finance
14269:Trinidad and Tobago
14169:St. Kitts and Nevis
13679:Antigua and Barbuda
13613:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
13507:Marrakesh Agreement
13208:APEC Climate Center
12553:Canada Savings Bond
12525:Royal Canadian Mint
12422:Canadian labour law
12058:Lipsey, Richard G;
11878:World's Top Exports
11090:on October 11, 2010
10954:on October 13, 2011
9981:"Opening Statement"
9939:Blake, ed. (2007),
9878:www.bankofcanada.ca
9568:. January 22, 2015.
9174:on January 14, 2017
9136:Our World in Data.
8813:10.34667/tind.46596
8196:. November 11, 2023
7733:. January 31, 2013.
7641:Economy by province
3432:Cenovus Energy Inc
3135:St. Lawrence Seaway
2647:Athabasca oil sands
2628:Athabasca oil sands
2561:electricity markets
2249:Linamar Corporation
2245:Magna International
1910:commodities markets
1860:quantitative easing
1837:Inflation targeting
1819:inflation-targeting
1671:International trade
1531:Economy by province
1291:, aluminum, steel,
1265:Athabasca oil sands
1256:with 51 countries.
1206:around 1.70% of GDP
1140:(14th in 2019) and
1126:cooperative banking
1119:US$ 3 trillion
1086:2.117 trillion
1073:, with the world's
490:5.7% (October 2023)
279:GDP per capita rank
120:High-income economy
70:Trade organizations
23:
15341:Dominican Republic
13839:Dominican Republic
12406:Taxation in Canada
12176:CIA World Factbook
12130:, Gardners Books,
11579:EveryCRSReport.com
10259:The World Factbook
9765:on April 28, 2011.
9655:The World Factbook
9492:on October 3, 2019
9363:. December 3, 2020
9201:Ashgate Publishing
9142:ourworldindata.org
8731:. January 31, 2023
8467:. November 2, 2016
8419:. January 10, 2023
8147:data.worldbank.org
8087:. March 13, 2024.
7968:The World Factbook
7911:. October 10, 2023
7663:Economy of Ontario
7658:Economy of Alberta
3632:(in % of GDP)
3518:Suncor Energy Inc
3214:
2992:
2921:Dominican Republic
2761:
2719:
2712:Yellowhead Highway
2635:
2528:electricity sector
2277:Essar Steel Algoma
2268:
2220:
2153:financial services
2149:
2145:Downtown Vancouver
2141:Financial District
1667:Forbes Global 2000
1640:private enterprise
1077:as of 2023, and a
637:telecommunications
530:Average net salary
173:$ 2.379 trillion (
64:April 1 – March 31
18:
15553:Economy of Canada
15540:
15539:
15534:
15533:
15423:other territories
15253:
15252:
15244:Canada portal
15121:Economy of Canada
15087:
15086:
14825:
14748:
14622:
14621:
14529:
14528:
14490:
14489:
13487:Trade in Services
13441:Quota Elimination
13342:
13341:
13250:
13249:
13242:
12699:
12698:
12614:Montreal Exchange
12548:Transfer payments
12259:Banking in Canada
12226:Economy of Canada
12152:Statistics Canada
12137:978-1-60021-720-3
12117:978-0-8020-9695-1
12097:978-0-415-37976-2
12051:978-0-87609-429-7
11950:978-92-64-08325-7
11443:on April 28, 2011
11425:on June 18, 2006.
11350:on March 12, 2014
11283:Statistics Canada
11049:Electricity Facts
11027:on April 11, 2020
10440:on April 28, 2018
10262:(2024 ed.).
9735:on June 18, 2006.
9658:(2024 ed.).
9465:978-1-317-07042-9
9413:www.cer-rec.gc.ca
9393:978-3-540-42634-9
9342:978-0-19-511739-4
9270:978-1-84376-909-5
9241:978-1-78347-668-8
9210:978-1-4094-9852-0
9109:978-1-118-97933-4
9049:978-0-8020-3448-9
8944:. August 11, 2022
8847:on April 20, 2021
8763:978-1-351-57924-7
8710:978-1-4426-1625-7
8683:"Monthly Reports"
8052:. March 24, 2022.
8002:Statistics Canada
7971:(2024 ed.).
7944:. April 11, 2023.
7882:Statistics Canada
7668:Economy of Quebec
7524:
7523:
7371:
7370:
7144:
7143:
7126:Canada (national)
6937:as of March 2024
6933:Unemployment rate
6923:Unemployment rate
6920:
6919:
3633:
3625:
3617:
3609:
3601:
3600:(in US$ nominal)
3593:
3585:
3577:
3576:(in Bil. US$ PPP)
3557:
3556:
3541:Teck Cominco Ltd
3492:November 8, 2006
3478:Falconbridge Ltd
3423:November 5, 2008
3354:December 7, 2007
3308:January 26, 2000
3137:, connecting the
3129:agreement during
3009:Ambassador Bridge
2551:of electricity.
2468:
2467:
2229:Statistics Canada
2212:Oakville Assembly
2173:Banking in Canada
2101:
2100:
1644:public enterprise
1621:
1620:
1614:Canada portal
1496:Banking in Canada
1364:Petroleum history
1352:Economic history
1334:Economy of Canada
1277:Canadian Prairies
1234:Investment Canada
1162:disposable income
1081:of approximately
1064:economy of Canada
1060:
1059:
950:Economic aid
358:Population below
15570:
15491:Saint Barthélemy
15421:Dependencies and
15294:Sovereign states
15280:
15273:
15266:
15257:
15256:
15242:
15241:
15240:
15227:
15226:
15145:British Columbia
15114:
15107:
15100:
15091:
15090:
14823:
14746:
14649:
14642:
14635:
14626:
14625:
14617:
14603:
14602:
14601:
14591:
14590:
14589:
14579:
14578:
14577:
14556:
14549:
14542:
14533:
14532:
14521:World portal
14519:
14518:
14340:
14339:
14134:Papua New Guinea
13617:Director-General
13512:Doha Declaration
13436:Singapore issues
13369:
13362:
13355:
13346:
13345:
13277:
13270:
13263:
13254:
13253:
13243:
13236:
13224:
13217:
13210:
13203:
13196:
13178:
13169:
13162:
13155:
13148:
13141:
13134:
13127:
13120:
13113:
13106:
13099:
13092:
13085:
13078:
13071:
13064:
13057:
13050:
13043:
13036:
13029:
13022:
13015:
13008:
13001:
12994:
12987:
12980:
12973:
12966:
12959:
12952:
12945:
12938:
12931:
12913:
12906:
12899:
12892:
12885:
12878:
12871:
12864:
12857:
12855:Papua New Guinea
12850:
12843:
12836:
12829:
12822:
12815:
12808:
12800:
12793:
12786:
12779:
12772:
12748:
12741:
12734:
12725:
12724:
12716:
12713:
12712:
12711:
12703:
12702:
12219:
12212:
12205:
12196:
12195:
12140:
12120:
12100:
12078:
12054:
12034:
12014:
11994:
11973:
11953:
11903:
11902:
11895:
11889:
11888:
11886:
11884:
11869:
11863:
11862:
11860:
11858:
11843:
11837:
11836:
11829:
11823:
11822:
11820:
11818:
11804:
11795:
11794:
11793:
11791:
11785:
11778:
11767:
11761:
11760:
11759:
11757:
11744:
11738:
11737:
11729:
11723:
11722:
11714:
11705:
11704:
11702:
11700:
11685:
11679:
11678:
11676:
11674:
11659:
11653:
11652:
11650:
11648:
11637:
11631:
11630:
11628:
11626:
11615:
11609:
11608:
11606:
11604:
11599:on July 12, 2011
11589:
11583:
11582:
11571:
11565:
11553:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11542:
11528:
11522:
11521:
11519:
11517:
11505:
11499:
11498:
11496:
11494:
11482:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11471:
11462:FTDWebMaster, .
11459:
11453:
11452:
11450:
11448:
11433:
11427:
11426:
11421:. Archived from
11415:
11409:
11408:
11406:
11404:
11389:
11383:
11382:
11380:
11378:
11366:
11360:
11359:
11357:
11355:
11340:
11334:
11333:
11331:
11329:
11304:
11295:
11294:
11292:
11290:
11275:
11269:
11268:
11266:
11264:
11253:
11247:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11228:
11222:
11221:
11220:
11218:
11209:, January 2005,
11199:
11193:
11192:
11190:
11184:. Archived from
11183:
11174:
11168:
11167:
11155:
11149:
11148:
11147:
11145:
11140:on June 12, 2019
11136:, archived from
11127:
11121:
11120:
11118:
11116:
11105:
11099:
11098:
11097:
11095:
11089:
11082:
11071:
11065:
11064:
11063:
11061:
11052:, archived from
11043:
11037:
11036:
11034:
11032:
11013:
11004:
11003:
11001:
10999:
10988:
10982:
10970:
10964:
10963:
10961:
10959:
10943:
10937:
10936:
10934:
10932:
10917:
10911:
10910:
10899:
10893:
10892:
10890:
10883:
10875:
10869:
10868:
10866:
10859:
10851:
10845:
10844:
10842:
10835:
10827:
10821:
10820:
10818:
10811:
10803:
10797:
10796:
10794:
10787:
10779:
10773:
10772:
10770:
10763:
10755:
10749:
10748:
10746:
10739:
10731:
10725:
10724:
10722:
10715:
10707:
10701:
10700:
10698:
10691:
10683:
10677:
10676:
10674:
10667:
10659:
10653:
10652:
10650:
10643:
10635:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10619:
10611:
10605:
10604:
10602:
10595:
10587:
10581:
10580:
10578:
10571:
10563:
10557:
10556:
10554:
10547:
10539:
10533:
10532:
10530:
10523:
10515:
10509:
10508:
10506:
10499:
10491:
10485:
10484:
10482:
10480:
10475:on April 7, 2020
10461:
10450:
10449:
10447:
10445:
10439:
10432:
10420:
10419:
10414:
10408:
10407:
10400:
10394:
10393:
10386:
10377:
10376:
10356:
10350:
10349:
10331:
10325:
10324:
10317:
10311:
10310:
10298:
10292:
10285:
10279:
10274:
10272:
10270:
10250:
10244:
10238:
10227:
10226:
10224:
10222:
10208:
10202:
10201:
10194:
10188:
10187:
10186:. July 12, 2017.
10176:
10170:
10169:
10168:. July 12, 2017.
10158:
10152:
10151:
10144:
10138:
10137:
10136:
10134:
10120:
10114:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10096:
10090:
10089:
10088:
10086:
10072:
10066:
10065:
10064:
10062:
10057:, Bank of Canada
10049:
10040:
10039:
10037:
10035:
10024:
10018:
10017:
10009:
9996:
9995:
9993:
9991:
9976:
9970:
9969:
9967:
9960:
9950:
9944:
9943:
9936:
9925:
9924:
9922:
9920:
9914:
9907:
9899:
9882:
9881:
9874:"Bank of Canada"
9870:
9864:
9863:
9856:
9850:
9849:
9842:
9836:
9835:
9828:
9822:
9821:
9819:
9812:
9804:
9798:
9796:
9789:
9780:
9773:
9767:
9766:
9755:
9749:
9743:
9737:
9736:
9725:
9719:
9718:
9707:
9698:
9697:
9681:
9675:
9670:
9668:
9666:
9646:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9635:
9621:
9615:
9605:
9596:
9595:
9593:
9591:
9576:
9570:
9569:
9566:Industry Insider
9558:
9552:
9551:
9549:
9547:
9533:
9527:
9526:
9524:
9522:
9508:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9497:
9491:
9484:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9449:
9443:
9442:
9440:
9438:
9423:
9417:
9416:
9404:
9398:
9397:
9379:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9368:
9353:
9347:
9346:
9326:
9320:
9319:
9281:
9275:
9274:
9252:
9246:
9245:
9221:
9215:
9214:
9190:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9179:
9170:. Archived from
9159:
9153:
9152:
9150:
9148:
9133:
9127:
9120:
9114:
9113:
9093:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9064:
9058:
9057:
9033:
9027:
9026:
8998:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8987:
8960:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8949:
8934:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8920:
8908:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8897:
8882:
8876:
8875:
8863:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8833:
8827:
8826:
8798:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8787:
8782:
8774:
8768:
8767:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8736:
8721:
8715:
8714:
8694:
8688:
8686:
8679:
8673:
8669:
8650:
8639:
8638:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8606:
8600:
8599:
8597:
8595:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8548:
8542:
8541:
8530:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8519:
8504:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8483:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8472:
8457:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8446:
8435:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8424:
8407:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8396:
8385:
8379:
8378:
8376:
8374:
8360:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8346:
8335:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8313:
8305:
8296:
8295:
8293:
8291:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8266:
8260:
8259:
8252:
8246:
8245:
8238:
8232:
8231:
8229:
8227:
8212:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8177:
8175:
8160:
8151:
8150:
8139:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8128:
8110:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8093:
8082:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8060:
8054:
8053:
8046:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8035:
8020:
8014:
8013:
8011:
8009:
7994:
7988:
7983:
7981:
7979:
7959:
7946:
7945:
7932:
7921:
7920:
7918:
7916:
7901:
7886:
7885:
7884:. June 19, 2024.
7870:
7864:
7863:
7861:
7839:(3): 1119–1139.
7830:
7821:
7812:
7811:
7798:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7784:
7766:
7760:
7759:
7748:
7734:
7718:
7714:
7638:
7637:
7543:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7400:$ 222.0 billion
7381:
7380:
7182:$ 380.4 billion
7163:
7162:
7134:
7133:
7116:
7115:
7098:
7097:
7080:
7079:
7062:
7061:
7044:
7043:
7026:
7025:
7008:
7007:
6990:
6989:
6972:
6971:
6964:British Columbia
6954:
6953:
6927:
6926:
6915:
6914:
6907:
6906:
6899:
6898:
6891:
6890:
6883:
6882:
6875:
6874:
6867:
6866:
6859:
6858:
6846:
6845:
6838:
6837:
6830:
6829:
6822:
6821:
6814:
6813:
6806:
6805:
6798:
6797:
6790:
6789:
6777:
6776:
6769:
6768:
6761:
6760:
6753:
6752:
6745:
6744:
6737:
6736:
6729:
6728:
6721:
6720:
6708:
6707:
6700:
6699:
6692:
6691:
6684:
6683:
6676:
6675:
6668:
6667:
6660:
6659:
6652:
6651:
6639:
6638:
6631:
6630:
6623:
6622:
6615:
6614:
6607:
6606:
6599:
6598:
6591:
6590:
6583:
6582:
6570:
6569:
6562:
6561:
6554:
6553:
6546:
6545:
6538:
6537:
6530:
6529:
6522:
6521:
6514:
6513:
6501:
6500:
6493:
6492:
6485:
6484:
6477:
6476:
6469:
6468:
6461:
6460:
6453:
6452:
6445:
6444:
6432:
6431:
6424:
6423:
6416:
6415:
6408:
6407:
6400:
6399:
6392:
6391:
6384:
6383:
6376:
6375:
6363:
6362:
6355:
6354:
6347:
6346:
6339:
6338:
6331:
6330:
6323:
6322:
6315:
6314:
6307:
6306:
6294:
6293:
6286:
6285:
6278:
6277:
6270:
6269:
6262:
6261:
6254:
6253:
6246:
6245:
6238:
6237:
6225:
6224:
6217:
6216:
6209:
6208:
6201:
6200:
6193:
6192:
6185:
6184:
6177:
6176:
6169:
6168:
6156:
6155:
6148:
6147:
6140:
6139:
6132:
6131:
6124:
6123:
6116:
6115:
6108:
6107:
6100:
6099:
6087:
6086:
6079:
6078:
6071:
6070:
6063:
6062:
6055:
6054:
6047:
6046:
6039:
6038:
6031:
6030:
6018:
6017:
6010:
6009:
6002:
6001:
5994:
5993:
5986:
5985:
5978:
5977:
5970:
5969:
5962:
5961:
5949:
5948:
5941:
5940:
5933:
5932:
5925:
5924:
5917:
5916:
5909:
5908:
5901:
5900:
5893:
5892:
5880:
5879:
5872:
5871:
5864:
5863:
5856:
5855:
5848:
5847:
5840:
5839:
5832:
5831:
5824:
5823:
5811:
5810:
5803:
5802:
5795:
5794:
5787:
5786:
5779:
5778:
5771:
5770:
5763:
5762:
5755:
5754:
5742:
5741:
5734:
5733:
5726:
5725:
5718:
5717:
5710:
5709:
5702:
5701:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5685:
5673:
5672:
5665:
5664:
5657:
5656:
5649:
5648:
5641:
5640:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5624:
5617:
5616:
5604:
5603:
5596:
5595:
5588:
5587:
5580:
5579:
5572:
5571:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5555:
5548:
5547:
5535:
5534:
5527:
5526:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5510:
5503:
5502:
5495:
5494:
5487:
5486:
5479:
5478:
5466:
5465:
5458:
5457:
5450:
5449:
5442:
5441:
5434:
5433:
5426:
5425:
5418:
5417:
5410:
5409:
5397:
5396:
5389:
5388:
5381:
5380:
5373:
5372:
5365:
5364:
5357:
5356:
5349:
5348:
5341:
5340:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5319:
5312:
5311:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5295:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5279:
5272:
5271:
5259:
5258:
5251:
5250:
5243:
5242:
5235:
5234:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5218:
5211:
5210:
5203:
5202:
5190:
5189:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5165:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5141:
5134:
5133:
5121:
5120:
5113:
5112:
5105:
5104:
5097:
5096:
5089:
5088:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5072:
5065:
5064:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5035:
5028:
5027:
5020:
5019:
5012:
5011:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4995:
4983:
4982:
4975:
4974:
4967:
4966:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4950:
4943:
4942:
4935:
4934:
4927:
4926:
4914:
4913:
4906:
4905:
4898:
4897:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4881:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4857:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4836:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4820:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4788:
4776:
4775:
4768:
4767:
4760:
4759:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4743:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4727:
4720:
4719:
4707:
4706:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4674:
4667:
4666:
4659:
4658:
4651:
4650:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4629:
4622:
4621:
4614:
4613:
4606:
4605:
4598:
4597:
4590:
4589:
4582:
4581:
4569:
4568:
4561:
4560:
4553:
4552:
4545:
4544:
4537:
4536:
4529:
4528:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4512:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4491:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4467:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4443:
4431:
4430:
4423:
4422:
4415:
4414:
4407:
4406:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4390:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4374:
4362:
4361:
4354:
4353:
4346:
4345:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4321:
4314:
4313:
4306:
4305:
4293:
4292:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4268:
4261:
4260:
4253:
4252:
4245:
4244:
4237:
4236:
4224:
4223:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4207:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4191:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4167:
4155:
4154:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4098:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4029:
4017:
4016:
4009:
4008:
4001:
4000:
3993:
3992:
3985:
3984:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3968:
3961:
3960:
3948:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3891:
3879:
3878:
3871:
3870:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3847:
3846:
3839:
3838:
3831:
3830:
3823:
3822:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3801:
3794:
3793:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3761:
3754:
3753:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3700:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3684:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3657:
3631:
3629:Government debt
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3566:
3291:Acquiror nation
3279:
3278:
3256:Fraser Institute
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3180:
2967:Political issues
2946:Andean Community
2757:
2751:
2639:British Columbia
2581:British Columbia
2572:Hydroelectricity
2537:government-owned
2504:Energy in Canada
2319:
2308:
2307:
2301:Mining in Canada
1931:
1930:
1827:Stephen S. Poloz
1663:economic freedom
1633:American economy
1612:
1611:
1610:
1442:Secondary sector
1344:
1321:
1320:
1305:fishing industry
1190:service industry
1158:income disparity
1120:
1113:in the world by
1096:, with a highly
1087:
1068:highly developed
1038:
1037:Foreign reserves
969:
924:
909:
908:
900:
859:
857:
856:
845:
843:
842:
831:
829:
828:
817:
815:
814:
803:
801:
800:
761:
760:
739:
737:
736:
725:
723:
722:
711:
709:
708:
697:
695:
694:
683:
681:
680:
613:
612:
531:
505:
504:
497:
496:
489:
488:
470:
469:
462:
461:
438:
434:
433:
422:
418:
417:
398:
394:
393:
385:
384:Gini coefficient
371:
370:
363:
351:
350:
292:28th (PPP, 2023)
269:
268:
261:
260:
241:
237:
236:
230:
226:
225:
219:3.4% (2022)
218:
217:
197:16th (PPP, 2023)
172:
171:
164:
163:
146:
145:
115:Advanced economy
38:financial centre
31:
24:
22:
17:
15578:
15577:
15573:
15572:
15571:
15569:
15568:
15567:
15543:
15542:
15541:
15536:
15535:
15530:
15424:
15422:
15415:
15289:
15284:
15254:
15249:
15238:
15236:
15215:
15189:
15128:
15118:
15088:
15083:
15030:
14967:
14944:
14886:
14828:
14824:(never adopted)
14807:
14747:(never adopted)
14699:
14658:
14653:
14623:
14618:
14609:
14599:
14597:
14587:
14585:
14575:
14573:
14565:
14560:
14530:
14525:
14513:
14486:
14338:
14214:Solomon Islands
14109:North Macedonia
13647:
13623:Roberto Azevêdo
13601:
13528:
13521:
13450:
13414:
13378:
13373:
13343:
13338:
13317:
13286:
13281:
13251:
13246:
13235:
13227:
13220:
13213:
13206:
13199:
13192:
13181:
13172:
13165:
13158:
13151:
13144:
13137:
13130:
13123:
13116:
13109:
13102:
13095:
13088:
13081:
13074:
13067:
13060:
13053:
13046:
13039:
13032:
13025:
13018:
13011:
13004:
12997:
12990:
12983:
12976:
12969:
12962:
12955:
12948:
12941:
12934:
12927:
12916:
12909:
12902:
12895:
12888:
12881:
12874:
12867:
12860:
12853:
12846:
12839:
12832:
12825:
12818:
12811:
12803:
12796:
12789:
12782:
12775:
12768:
12757:
12752:
12717:
12714:
12709:
12707:
12700:
12695:
12674:
12638:
12597:
12593:National Policy
12540:
12534:
12485:CPP Investments
12447:
12441:
12410:
12384:
12338:
12334:Social programs
12284:Great Recession
12246:
12240:
12237:Canadian dollar
12228:
12223:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12118:
12098:
12076:
12052:
12032:
12012:
11991:
11971:
11951:
11935:
11928:Wallace, Iain,
11917:
11911:
11909:Further reading
11906:
11897:
11896:
11892:
11882:
11880:
11870:
11866:
11856:
11854:
11845:
11844:
11840:
11831:
11830:
11826:
11816:
11814:
11806:
11805:
11798:
11789:
11787:
11783:
11776:
11768:
11764:
11755:
11753:
11745:
11741:
11736:, March 9, 2015
11731:
11730:
11726:
11715:
11708:
11698:
11696:
11687:
11686:
11682:
11672:
11670:
11669:. July 24, 2019
11661:
11660:
11656:
11646:
11644:
11639:
11638:
11634:
11624:
11622:
11617:
11616:
11612:
11602:
11600:
11591:
11590:
11586:
11573:
11572:
11568:
11563:Wayback Machine
11554:
11550:
11540:
11538:
11530:
11529:
11525:
11515:
11513:
11506:
11502:
11492:
11490:
11483:
11479:
11469:
11467:
11460:
11456:
11446:
11444:
11435:
11434:
11430:
11417:
11416:
11412:
11402:
11400:
11399:on May 28, 2008
11391:
11390:
11386:
11376:
11374:
11367:
11363:
11353:
11351:
11342:
11341:
11337:
11327:
11325:
11306:
11305:
11298:
11288:
11286:
11285:. July 30, 2019
11277:
11276:
11272:
11262:
11260:
11255:
11254:
11250:
11241:
11239:
11229:
11225:
11216:
11214:
11201:
11200:
11196:
11188:
11181:
11175:
11171:
11156:
11152:
11143:
11141:
11128:
11124:
11114:
11112:
11107:
11106:
11102:
11093:
11091:
11087:
11080:
11072:
11068:
11059:
11057:
11044:
11040:
11030:
11028:
11015:
11014:
11007:
10997:
10995:
10990:
10989:
10985:
10980:Wayback Machine
10971:
10967:
10957:
10955:
10944:
10940:
10930:
10928:
10919:
10918:
10914:
10901:
10900:
10896:
10888:
10881:
10877:
10876:
10872:
10864:
10857:
10853:
10852:
10848:
10840:
10833:
10829:
10828:
10824:
10816:
10809:
10805:
10804:
10800:
10792:
10785:
10781:
10780:
10776:
10768:
10761:
10757:
10756:
10752:
10744:
10737:
10733:
10732:
10728:
10720:
10713:
10709:
10708:
10704:
10696:
10689:
10685:
10684:
10680:
10672:
10665:
10661:
10660:
10656:
10648:
10641:
10637:
10636:
10632:
10624:
10617:
10613:
10612:
10608:
10600:
10593:
10589:
10588:
10584:
10576:
10569:
10565:
10564:
10560:
10552:
10545:
10541:
10540:
10536:
10528:
10521:
10517:
10516:
10512:
10504:
10497:
10493:
10492:
10488:
10478:
10476:
10463:
10462:
10453:
10443:
10441:
10437:
10430:
10426:
10417:
10415:
10411:
10402:
10401:
10397:
10388:
10387:
10380:
10357:
10353:
10346:
10332:
10328:
10319:
10318:
10314:
10299:
10295:
10287:Wallace, Iain,
10286:
10282:
10268:
10266:
10252:
10251:
10247:
10239:
10230:
10220:
10218:
10210:
10209:
10205:
10196:
10195:
10191:
10178:
10177:
10173:
10160:
10159:
10155:
10146:
10145:
10141:
10132:
10130:
10121:
10117:
10108:
10106:
10097:
10093:
10084:
10082:
10073:
10069:
10060:
10058:
10051:
10050:
10043:
10033:
10031:
10026:
10025:
10021:
10010:
9999:
9989:
9987:
9977:
9973:
9965:
9958:
9952:
9951:
9947:
9937:
9928:
9918:
9916:
9912:
9905:
9901:
9900:
9885:
9872:
9871:
9867:
9858:
9857:
9853:
9844:
9843:
9839:
9830:
9829:
9825:
9817:
9810:
9806:
9805:
9801:
9791:
9790:
9783:
9774:
9770:
9757:
9756:
9752:
9744:
9740:
9727:
9726:
9722:
9709:
9708:
9701:
9683:
9682:
9678:
9664:
9662:
9648:
9647:
9643:
9633:
9631:
9623:
9622:
9618:
9606:
9599:
9589:
9587:
9586:. March 4, 2015
9578:
9577:
9573:
9560:
9559:
9555:
9545:
9543:
9535:
9534:
9530:
9520:
9518:
9510:
9509:
9505:
9495:
9493:
9489:
9482:
9478:
9477:
9473:
9466:
9450:
9446:
9436:
9434:
9424:
9420:
9405:
9401:
9394:
9380:
9376:
9366:
9364:
9355:
9354:
9350:
9343:
9327:
9323:
9282:
9278:
9271:
9253:
9249:
9242:
9222:
9218:
9211:
9191:
9187:
9177:
9175:
9160:
9156:
9146:
9144:
9134:
9130:
9121:
9117:
9110:
9094:
9087:
9077:
9075:
9074:on May 24, 2011
9066:
9065:
9061:
9050:
9034:
9030:
9015:10.2307/3088901
8999:
8995:
8985:
8983:
8961:
8957:
8947:
8945:
8936:
8935:
8928:
8918:
8916:
8915:. Data.oecd.org
8909:
8905:
8895:
8893:
8884:
8883:
8879:
8864:
8860:
8850:
8848:
8835:
8834:
8830:
8823:
8799:
8795:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8776:
8775:
8771:
8764:
8748:
8744:
8734:
8732:
8723:
8722:
8718:
8711:
8695:
8691:
8681:
8680:
8676:
8652:
8651:
8642:
8629:
8628:
8624:
8607:
8603:
8593:
8591:
8581:
8580:
8576:
8569:
8561:. p. 570.
8549:
8545:
8532:
8531:
8527:
8517:
8515:
8506:
8505:
8501:
8491:
8489:
8485:
8484:
8480:
8470:
8468:
8459:
8458:
8454:
8444:
8442:
8437:
8436:
8432:
8422:
8420:
8409:
8408:
8404:
8394:
8392:
8391:. Statcan.gc.ca
8387:
8386:
8382:
8372:
8370:
8362:
8361:
8354:
8344:
8342:
8337:
8336:
8332:
8322:
8320:
8311:
8307:
8306:
8299:
8289:
8287:
8282:
8281:
8277:
8268:
8267:
8263:
8254:
8253:
8249:
8240:
8239:
8235:
8225:
8223:
8214:
8213:
8209:
8199:
8197:
8188:
8187:
8183:
8173:
8171:
8162:
8161:
8154:
8141:
8140:
8136:
8126:
8124:
8112:
8111:
8107:
8097:
8095:
8091:
8080:
8076:
8075:
8071:
8066:. July 8, 2015.
8062:
8061:
8057:
8048:
8047:
8043:
8033:
8031:
8021:
8017:
8007:
8005:
7996:
7995:
7991:
7977:
7975:
7961:
7960:
7949:
7934:
7933:
7924:
7914:
7912:
7903:
7902:
7889:
7872:
7871:
7867:
7859:
7845:10.2307/3005973
7828:
7822:
7815:
7800:
7799:
7792:
7782:
7780:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7750:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7715:
7711:
7706:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7639:
7633:
7626:
7619:
7612:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7583:
7576:
7569:
7562:
7555:
7539:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7452:$ 13.5 billion
7439:$ 13.8 billion
7426:$ 27.4 billion
7413:$ 54.7 billion
7376:
7351:$ 2.35 billion
7221:$ 11.5 billion
7208:$ 12.9 billion
7155:
7149:
6936:
6934:
6925:
3613:Inflation rate
3597:GDP per capita
3581:GDP per capita
3562:
3515:March 23, 2009
3400:March 12, 2014
3340:Seagram Co Ltd
3285:Date announced
3270:
3264:
3230:
3219:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3164:
3116:illegal fishing
2980:
2974:
2969:
2889:
2859:
2766:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2736:
2704:
2698:
2617:
2611:
2524:
2518:
2506:
2500:
2303:
2297:
2257:
2234:Great Recession
2201:
2188:Media in Canada
2106:
1998:Wholesale trade
1926:
1874:Great Recession
1839:
1811:
1799:
1779:
1759:
1704:crude petroleum
1608:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1572:
1571:Economy by city
1564:
1563:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1501:Stock exchanges
1465:Social programs
1458:Tertiary sector
1389:
1379:
1378:
1374:Canadian dollar
1359:Banking history
1354:
1319:
1313:
1252:). As of 2023,
1196:, of which the
1146:Western nations
1118:
1094:trading nations
1082:
1056:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1025:Outlook: Stable
1010:
1007:Outlook: Stable
992:
989:Outlook: Stable
971:
967:
926:
922:
915:Public finances
902:
899:Current account
898:
891:
879:
869:
854:
852:
840:
838:
826:
824:
812:
810:
798:
796:
790:
769:
749:
734:
732:
720:
718:
706:
704:
692:
690:
678:
676:
670:
661:crude petroleum
621:
596:
546:
545:Main industries
533:
529:
516:
509:
474:
452:
445:
436:
420:
408:
399:(2020, StatCan)
396:
387:
383:
364:
359:
344:
330:
303:
296:
280:
273:
251:
244:
208:
201:
180:
129:
108:
71:
61:
50:Canadian dollar
41:
20:
12:
11:
5:
15576:
15566:
15565:
15560:
15555:
15538:
15537:
15532:
15531:
15529:
15528:
15523:
15518:
15513:
15511:Sint Eustatius
15508:
15503:
15498:
15493:
15488:
15483:
15478:
15473:
15468:
15463:
15458:
15456:Cayman Islands
15453:
15448:
15443:
15438:
15433:
15427:
15425:
15420:
15417:
15416:
15414:
15413:
15408:
15403:
15398:
15393:
15388:
15383:
15378:
15373:
15368:
15363:
15358:
15353:
15348:
15343:
15338:
15333:
15328:
15323:
15318:
15313:
15308:
15303:
15297:
15295:
15291:
15290:
15283:
15282:
15275:
15268:
15260:
15251:
15250:
15248:
15247:
15233:
15220:
15217:
15216:
15214:
15213:
15208:
15203:
15197:
15195:
15191:
15190:
15188:
15187:
15182:
15177:
15172:
15167:
15162:
15157:
15152:
15147:
15142:
15136:
15134:
15130:
15129:
15117:
15116:
15109:
15102:
15094:
15085:
15084:
15082:
15081:
15076:
15071:
15066:
15061:
15056:
15051:
15046:
15040:
15038:
15036:Justin Trudeau
15032:
15031:
15029:
15028:
15023:
15018:
15013:
15008:
15003:
14998:
14993:
14988:
14983:
14977:
14975:
14973:Stephen Harper
14969:
14968:
14966:
14965:
14960:
14954:
14952:
14946:
14945:
14943:
14942:
14937:
14932:
14927:
14922:
14917:
14912:
14907:
14902:
14896:
14894:
14888:
14887:
14885:
14884:
14879:
14874:
14869:
14864:
14859:
14854:
14849:
14844:
14838:
14836:
14834:Brian Mulroney
14830:
14829:
14827:
14826:
14817:
14815:
14809:
14808:
14806:
14805:
14800:
14795:
14790:
14785:
14780:
14769:
14764:
14759:
14754:
14740:
14735:
14730:
14725:
14720:
14715:
14709:
14707:
14705:Pierre Trudeau
14701:
14700:
14698:
14697:
14692:
14687:
14682:
14677:
14672:
14666:
14664:
14660:
14659:
14652:
14651:
14644:
14637:
14629:
14620:
14619:
14612:
14610:
14608:
14607:
14595:
14583:
14570:
14567:
14566:
14559:
14558:
14551:
14544:
14536:
14527:
14526:
14510:
14509:
14502:
14495:
14492:
14491:
14488:
14487:
14485:
14484:
14479:
14474:
14469:
14464:
14459:
14454:
14449:
14444:
14439:
14434:
14429:
14424:
14419:
14414:
14409:
14404:
14399:
14394:
14389:
14384:
14379:
14377:Czech Republic
14374:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14354:
14348:
14346:
14344:European Union
14337:
14336:
14331:
14326:
14321:
14316:
14311:
14306:
14301:
14299:United Kingdom
14296:
14291:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14266:
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14231:
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14216:
14211:
14206:
14201:
14196:
14191:
14186:
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14176:
14171:
14166:
14161:
14156:
14151:
14146:
14141:
14136:
14131:
14126:
14121:
14116:
14111:
14106:
14101:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14041:
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13961:
13956:
13951:
13946:
13941:
13936:
13931:
13926:
13921:
13916:
13911:
13906:
13901:
13896:
13891:
13886:
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13876:
13871:
13866:
13861:
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13841:
13836:
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13826:
13821:
13816:
13811:
13806:
13801:
13796:
13791:
13786:
13781:
13776:
13771:
13766:
13761:
13756:
13751:
13746:
13741:
13736:
13731:
13726:
13721:
13716:
13711:
13706:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13676:
13671:
13666:
13661:
13655:
13653:
13649:
13648:
13646:
13645:
13640:
13638:Alejandro Jara
13635:
13630:
13625:
13620:
13609:
13607:
13603:
13602:
13600:
13599:
13594:
13589:
13584:
13579:
13574:
13569:
13564:
13559:
13554:
13549:
13544:
13539:
13533:
13531:
13523:
13522:
13520:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13504:
13499:
13494:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13464:
13458:
13456:
13452:
13451:
13449:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13428:
13422:
13420:
13416:
13415:
13413:
13412:
13407:
13402:
13397:
13395:Appellate Body
13392:
13386:
13384:
13380:
13379:
13372:
13371:
13364:
13357:
13349:
13340:
13339:
13337:
13336:
13331:
13325:
13323:
13319:
13318:
13316:
13315:
13310:
13305:
13300:
13294:
13292:
13288:
13287:
13280:
13279:
13272:
13265:
13257:
13248:
13247:
13245:
13244:
13232:
13229:
13228:
13226:
13225:
13218:
13211:
13204:
13197:
13189:
13187:
13183:
13182:
13180:
13179:
13170:
13163:
13156:
13149:
13142:
13135:
13128:
13121:
13114:
13107:
13100:
13093:
13086:
13079:
13072:
13065:
13058:
13051:
13044:
13037:
13030:
13023:
13016:
13009:
13002:
12995:
12988:
12981:
12974:
12967:
12960:
12953:
12946:
12939:
12932:
12924:
12922:
12918:
12917:
12915:
12914:
12907:
12900:
12893:
12886:
12879:
12872:
12865:
12858:
12851:
12844:
12837:
12830:
12823:
12816:
12809:
12801:
12794:
12787:
12780:
12773:
12765:
12763:
12759:
12758:
12751:
12750:
12743:
12736:
12728:
12722:
12719:
12718:
12697:
12696:
12694:
12693:
12688:
12682:
12680:
12676:
12675:
12673:
12672:
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12646:
12644:
12640:
12639:
12637:
12636:
12631:
12629:S&P/TSX 60
12626:
12621:
12616:
12611:
12605:
12603:
12599:
12598:
12596:
12595:
12590:
12585:
12580:
12575:
12570:
12565:
12560:
12558:Carbon pricing
12555:
12550:
12544:
12542:
12536:
12535:
12533:
12532:
12527:
12522:
12517:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12497:
12492:
12487:
12482:
12477:
12472:
12467:
12462:
12460:Bank of Canada
12457:
12451:
12449:
12443:
12442:
12440:
12439:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12418:
12416:
12412:
12411:
12409:
12408:
12403:
12398:
12392:
12390:
12386:
12385:
12383:
12382:
12380:Transportation
12377:
12372:
12367:
12362:
12357:
12355:Communications
12352:
12346:
12344:
12340:
12339:
12337:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12311:
12306:
12301:
12296:
12294:Land ownership
12291:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12250:
12248:
12242:
12241:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12222:
12221:
12214:
12207:
12199:
12193:
12192:
12187:
12185:The World Bank
12181:Canada profile
12178:
12172:Canada profile
12169:
12164:
12162:Bank of Canada
12159:
12154:
12147:
12146:External links
12144:
12142:
12141:
12136:
12121:
12116:
12101:
12096:
12079:
12074:
12060:Alice Nakamura
12055:
12050:
12035:
12030:
12015:
12010:
11995:
11989:
11974:
11969:
11954:
11949:
11933:
11926:
11918:
11913:Main article:
11910:
11907:
11905:
11904:
11890:
11864:
11838:
11824:
11812:IMAA-Institute
11796:
11762:
11739:
11724:
11706:
11695:on May 2, 2010
11680:
11654:
11632:
11610:
11584:
11581:. May 5, 2009.
11566:
11548:
11536:www.census.gov
11523:
11500:
11477:
11454:
11428:
11410:
11384:
11361:
11335:
11296:
11270:
11248:
11223:
11194:
11169:
11150:
11122:
11100:
11066:
11056:on May 1, 2019
11038:
11005:
10983:
10965:
10938:
10912:
10894:
10870:
10846:
10822:
10798:
10774:
10750:
10726:
10702:
10678:
10654:
10630:
10606:
10582:
10558:
10534:
10510:
10486:
10451:
10409:
10395:
10378:
10351:
10345:978-0774809689
10344:
10326:
10312:
10293:
10280:
10245:
10228:
10203:
10189:
10171:
10153:
10139:
10115:
10091:
10067:
10041:
10019:
9997:
9985:Bank of Canada
9971:
9945:
9926:
9883:
9865:
9851:
9837:
9823:
9799:
9781:
9768:
9750:
9738:
9720:
9699:
9676:
9641:
9616:
9597:
9571:
9553:
9528:
9503:
9471:
9464:
9444:
9418:
9399:
9392:
9374:
9348:
9341:
9321:
9294:(3): 719–747.
9276:
9269:
9247:
9240:
9234:. p. 96.
9216:
9209:
9203:. p. 38.
9185:
9154:
9128:
9115:
9108:
9085:
9059:
9048:
9028:
8993:
8955:
8926:
8903:
8877:
8858:
8828:
8821:
8793:
8769:
8762:
8742:
8716:
8709:
8689:
8674:
8640:
8622:
8601:
8574:
8567:
8543:
8525:
8514:. July 4, 2024
8499:
8478:
8452:
8430:
8402:
8380:
8352:
8330:
8297:
8275:
8261:
8247:
8233:
8207:
8181:
8152:
8134:
8105:
8069:
8055:
8041:
8015:
7989:
7947:
7922:
7887:
7865:
7813:
7790:
7761:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7735:
7720:
7719:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7640:
7627:
7620:
7613:
7606:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7584:
7577:
7570:
7563:
7556:
7549:
7548:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7544:
7528:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7517:$ 3.9 billion
7515:
7509:
7508:
7505:
7504:$ 4.8 billion
7502:
7496:
7495:
7492:
7491:$ 6.3 billion
7489:
7483:
7482:
7479:
7478:$ 6.7 billion
7476:
7470:
7469:
7466:
7465:$ 6.9 billion
7463:
7461:United Kingdom
7457:
7456:
7453:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7427:
7424:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7411:
7405:
7404:
7401:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7385:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7368:
7365:
7364:$ 2.1 billion
7362:
7356:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7343:
7342:
7339:
7338:$ 1.6 billion
7336:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:$ 2.5 billion
7323:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7312:$ 2.8 billion
7310:
7304:
7303:
7300:
7299:$ 3.0 billion
7297:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:$ 3.2 billion
7284:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:$ 3.8 billion
7271:
7265:
7264:
7261:
7260:$ 4.5 billion
7258:
7252:
7251:
7248:
7247:$ 5.5 billion
7245:
7239:
7238:
7235:
7234:$ 6.5 billion
7232:
7226:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7213:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7204:United Kingdom
7200:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7187:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7167:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7128:
7122:
7121:
7118:
7110:
7104:
7103:
7100:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7082:
7074:
7068:
7067:
7064:
7056:
7050:
7049:
7046:
7038:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7010:
7002:
6996:
6995:
6992:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6974:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6948:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6931:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6917:
6909:
6901:
6893:
6885:
6877:
6869:
6861:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6840:
6832:
6824:
6816:
6808:
6800:
6792:
6784:
6780:
6779:
6771:
6763:
6755:
6747:
6739:
6731:
6723:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6702:
6694:
6686:
6678:
6670:
6662:
6654:
6646:
6642:
6641:
6633:
6625:
6617:
6609:
6601:
6593:
6585:
6577:
6573:
6572:
6564:
6556:
6548:
6540:
6532:
6524:
6516:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6495:
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6463:
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6402:
6394:
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6365:
6357:
6349:
6341:
6333:
6325:
6317:
6309:
6301:
6297:
6296:
6288:
6280:
6272:
6264:
6256:
6248:
6240:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6219:
6211:
6203:
6195:
6187:
6179:
6171:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6150:
6142:
6134:
6126:
6118:
6110:
6102:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6081:
6073:
6065:
6057:
6049:
6041:
6033:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6012:
6004:
5996:
5988:
5980:
5972:
5964:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5943:
5935:
5927:
5919:
5911:
5903:
5895:
5887:
5883:
5882:
5874:
5866:
5858:
5850:
5842:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5805:
5797:
5789:
5781:
5773:
5765:
5757:
5749:
5745:
5744:
5736:
5728:
5720:
5712:
5704:
5696:
5688:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5667:
5659:
5651:
5643:
5635:
5627:
5619:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5598:
5590:
5582:
5574:
5566:
5558:
5550:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5505:
5497:
5489:
5481:
5473:
5469:
5468:
5460:
5452:
5444:
5436:
5428:
5420:
5412:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5391:
5383:
5375:
5367:
5359:
5351:
5343:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5322:
5314:
5306:
5298:
5290:
5282:
5274:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5237:
5229:
5221:
5213:
5205:
5197:
5193:
5192:
5184:
5176:
5168:
5160:
5152:
5144:
5136:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5115:
5107:
5099:
5091:
5083:
5075:
5067:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4977:
4969:
4961:
4953:
4945:
4937:
4929:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4848:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4779:
4778:
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4494:
4486:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4454:
4446:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3538:July 29, 2008
3536:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3446:July 23, 2012
3444:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:United States
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3331:June 20, 2000
3329:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:Target nation
3295:
3292:
3289:
3288:Acquiror name
3286:
3283:
3263:
3260:
3241:mortgage loans
3233:Household debt
3229:
3228:Household debt
3226:
3218:
3215:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3160:
3143:Atlantic Ocean
3120:Pacific Salmon
3001:European Union
2976:Main article:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2949:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2905:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2754:
2748:
2738:Main article:
2735:
2732:
2700:Main article:
2697:
2694:
2682:Brian Mulroney
2662:Western Canada
2610:
2607:
2520:Main article:
2517:
2514:
2502:Main article:
2499:
2496:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2299:Main article:
2296:
2293:
2289:heavy industry
2256:
2253:
2200:
2197:
2118:big-box stores
2114:shopping malls
2105:
2104:Service sector
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1925:
1924:Key industries
1922:
1898:Stephen Harper
1886:Bank of Canada
1872:Following the
1852:Michael Wilson
1838:
1835:
1815:Bank of Canada
1810:
1807:
1803:Bank of Canada
1798:
1797:Bank of Canada
1795:
1778:
1775:
1758:
1755:
1724:pulp and paper
1648:social welfare
1619:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1396:
1394:Primary sector
1390:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1312:
1309:
1228:(NEP) and the
1194:primary sector
1058:
1057:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
999:
991:
990:
987:
983:
982:
981:
974:
972:
965:
962:
961:
951:
947:
946:
943:
939:
938:
935:
931:
930:
927:
923:Budget balance
920:
917:
916:
912:
911:
903:
896:
893:
892:
890:
889:
886:
882:
880:
874:
871:
870:
868:
867:
864:
850:
836:
833:European Union
822:
808:
793:
791:
788:
785:
784:
782:consumer goods
770:
767:
764:
763:
755:
751:
750:
748:
747:
744:
730:
727:United Kingdom
716:
702:
699:European Union
688:
673:
671:
668:
665:
664:
625:motor vehicles
622:
619:
616:
615:
607:
603:
602:
598:
597:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
570:
565:
560:
555:
549:
547:
544:
541:
540:
534:
527:
524:
523:
517:
514:
511:
510:
508:
507:
499:
491:
482:
480:
476:
475:
473:
472:
464:
455:
453:
450:
447:
446:
444:
443:
428:
411:
409:
404:
401:
400:
388:
381:
378:
377:
365:
357:
354:
353:
345:
335:
332:
331:
329:
328:
325:
319:
313:
306:
304:
301:
298:
297:
295:
294:
289:
283:
281:
278:
275:
274:
272:
271:
263:
254:
252:
250:GDP per capita
249:
246:
245:
243:
242:
231:
220:
211:
209:
206:
203:
202:
200:
199:
194:
188:
186:
182:
181:
179:
178:
166:
157:
155:
149:
148:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
128:
127:
122:
117:
111:
109:
106:
103:
102:
72:
69:
66:
65:
62:
57:
54:
53:
47:
43:
42:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15575:
15564:
15561:
15559:
15556:
15554:
15551:
15550:
15548:
15527:
15524:
15522:
15519:
15517:
15514:
15512:
15509:
15507:
15504:
15502:
15499:
15497:
15494:
15492:
15489:
15487:
15484:
15482:
15479:
15477:
15474:
15472:
15469:
15467:
15464:
15462:
15459:
15457:
15454:
15452:
15449:
15447:
15444:
15442:
15439:
15437:
15434:
15432:
15429:
15428:
15426:
15418:
15412:
15411:United States
15409:
15407:
15404:
15402:
15399:
15397:
15394:
15392:
15389:
15387:
15384:
15382:
15379:
15377:
15374:
15372:
15369:
15367:
15364:
15362:
15359:
15357:
15354:
15352:
15349:
15347:
15344:
15342:
15339:
15337:
15334:
15332:
15329:
15327:
15324:
15322:
15319:
15317:
15314:
15312:
15309:
15307:
15304:
15302:
15299:
15298:
15296:
15292:
15288:
15281:
15276:
15274:
15269:
15267:
15262:
15261:
15258:
15246:
15245:
15234:
15232:
15231:
15222:
15221:
15218:
15212:
15209:
15207:
15204:
15202:
15199:
15198:
15196:
15192:
15186:
15183:
15181:
15178:
15176:
15173:
15171:
15168:
15166:
15163:
15161:
15158:
15156:
15155:New Brunswick
15153:
15151:
15148:
15146:
15143:
15141:
15138:
15137:
15135:
15131:
15126:
15122:
15115:
15110:
15108:
15103:
15101:
15096:
15095:
15092:
15080:
15077:
15075:
15072:
15070:
15067:
15065:
15062:
15060:
15057:
15055:
15052:
15050:
15047:
15045:
15042:
15041:
15039:
15037:
15033:
15027:
15024:
15022:
15019:
15017:
15014:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14978:
14976:
14974:
14970:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14955:
14953:
14951:
14947:
14941:
14938:
14936:
14933:
14931:
14928:
14926:
14923:
14921:
14918:
14916:
14913:
14911:
14908:
14906:
14903:
14901:
14898:
14897:
14895:
14893:
14892:Jean Chrétien
14889:
14883:
14880:
14878:
14875:
14873:
14870:
14868:
14865:
14863:
14860:
14858:
14855:
14853:
14850:
14848:
14845:
14843:
14840:
14839:
14837:
14835:
14831:
14822:
14819:
14818:
14816:
14814:
14810:
14804:
14801:
14799:
14796:
14794:
14791:
14789:
14786:
14784:
14781:
14778:
14774:
14770:
14768:
14765:
14763:
14760:
14758:
14755:
14752:
14745:
14741:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14724:
14721:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14711:
14710:
14708:
14706:
14702:
14696:
14693:
14691:
14688:
14686:
14683:
14681:
14678:
14676:
14673:
14671:
14668:
14667:
14665:
14661:
14657:
14650:
14645:
14643:
14638:
14636:
14631:
14630:
14627:
14616:
14606:
14605:United States
14596:
14594:
14584:
14582:
14572:
14571:
14568:
14564:
14557:
14552:
14550:
14545:
14543:
14538:
14537:
14534:
14524:
14523:
14522:
14517:
14507:
14503:
14500:
14497:
14496:
14493:
14483:
14480:
14478:
14475:
14473:
14470:
14468:
14465:
14463:
14460:
14458:
14455:
14453:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14443:
14440:
14438:
14435:
14433:
14430:
14428:
14425:
14423:
14420:
14418:
14415:
14413:
14410:
14408:
14405:
14403:
14400:
14398:
14395:
14393:
14390:
14388:
14385:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14375:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14365:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14355:
14353:
14350:
14349:
14347:
14345:
14341:
14335:
14332:
14330:
14327:
14325:
14322:
14320:
14317:
14315:
14312:
14310:
14307:
14305:
14304:United States
14302:
14300:
14297:
14295:
14292:
14290:
14287:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
14240:
14237:
14235:
14232:
14230:
14227:
14225:
14222:
14220:
14217:
14215:
14212:
14210:
14207:
14205:
14202:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14157:
14155:
14152:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14115:
14112:
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14004:Liechtenstein
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13965:
13962:
13960:
13957:
13955:
13952:
13950:
13947:
13945:
13942:
13940:
13937:
13935:
13932:
13930:
13927:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13905:
13904:Guinea-Bissau
13902:
13900:
13897:
13895:
13892:
13890:
13887:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13837:
13835:
13832:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13807:
13805:
13802:
13800:
13797:
13795:
13792:
13790:
13787:
13785:
13782:
13780:
13777:
13775:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13737:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13715:
13712:
13710:
13707:
13705:
13702:
13700:
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13682:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13660:
13657:
13656:
13654:
13650:
13644:
13641:
13639:
13636:
13634:
13631:
13629:
13626:
13624:
13621:
13618:
13614:
13611:
13610:
13608:
13604:
13598:
13595:
13593:
13590:
13588:
13585:
13583:
13580:
13578:
13575:
13573:
13570:
13568:
13565:
13563:
13560:
13558:
13555:
13553:
13550:
13548:
13545:
13543:
13540:
13538:
13535:
13534:
13532:
13530:
13524:
13518:
13515:
13513:
13510:
13508:
13505:
13503:
13500:
13498:
13495:
13493:
13490:
13488:
13485:
13483:
13480:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13463:
13460:
13459:
13457:
13453:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13423:
13421:
13417:
13411:
13408:
13406:
13403:
13401:
13398:
13396:
13393:
13391:
13388:
13387:
13385:
13381:
13377:
13370:
13365:
13363:
13358:
13356:
13351:
13350:
13347:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13326:
13324:
13320:
13314:
13311:
13309:
13306:
13304:
13301:
13299:
13296:
13295:
13293:
13289:
13285:
13278:
13273:
13271:
13266:
13264:
13259:
13258:
13255:
13240:
13234:
13233:
13230:
13223:
13219:
13216:
13212:
13209:
13205:
13202:
13198:
13195:
13191:
13190:
13188:
13184:
13177:
13176:
13171:
13168:
13164:
13161:
13157:
13154:
13150:
13147:
13143:
13140:
13136:
13133:
13129:
13126:
13122:
13119:
13115:
13112:
13108:
13105:
13101:
13098:
13094:
13091:
13087:
13084:
13080:
13077:
13073:
13070:
13066:
13063:
13059:
13056:
13052:
13049:
13045:
13042:
13038:
13035:
13031:
13028:
13024:
13021:
13017:
13014:
13010:
13007:
13003:
13000:
12996:
12993:
12989:
12986:
12982:
12979:
12975:
12972:
12968:
12965:
12961:
12958:
12954:
12951:
12947:
12944:
12940:
12937:
12933:
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12908:
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12904:United States
12901:
12898:
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12873:
12870:
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12863:
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12806:
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12274:Energy policy
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12167:Canada – OECD
12165:
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12133:
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12099:
12093:
12090:, Routledge,
12089:
12085:
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12077:
12075:1-55238-149-8
12071:
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12033:
12031:0-7735-1352-3
12027:
12023:
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12016:
12013:
12011:9780774851459
12007:
12004:, UBC Press,
12003:
12002:
11996:
11992:
11990:0-8020-6696-8
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11756:September 15,
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10503:
10496:
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10474:
10470:
10466:
10460:
10458:
10456:
10436:
10429:
10424:
10423:public domain
10413:
10405:
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10383:
10374:
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10355:
10347:
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10330:
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10255:
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10235:
10233:
10217:
10213:
10207:
10199:
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10185:
10184:Bloomberg.com
10181:
10175:
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10166:Bloomberg.com
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9875:
9869:
9861:
9855:
9847:
9841:
9833:
9827:
9816:
9809:
9803:
9794:
9788:
9786:
9778:
9772:
9764:
9760:
9754:
9748:
9742:
9734:
9730:
9724:
9716:
9712:
9706:
9704:
9696:
9692:
9691:
9686:
9680:
9674:
9661:
9657:
9656:
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9645:
9630:
9626:
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9614:
9613:0-919913-74-1
9610:
9604:
9602:
9585:
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9325:
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9309:
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9301:
9297:
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9288:
9280:
9272:
9266:
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9233:
9229:
9228:
9220:
9212:
9206:
9202:
9198:
9197:
9189:
9173:
9169:
9168:data.oecd.org
9165:
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9125:
9119:
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9105:
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9092:
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8907:
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8873:
8872:Credit Suisse
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8822:9789280534320
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8806:
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8605:
8590:
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8570:
8568:9780191647703
8564:
8560:
8556:
8555:
8547:
8539:
8535:
8529:
8513:
8512:www.canada.ca
8509:
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8488:
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8471:September 23,
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8271:
8265:
8257:
8251:
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8237:
8221:
8220:data.oecd.org
8217:
8211:
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8168:statcan.gc.ca
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7878:statcan.gc.ca
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7833:Social Forces
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7407:
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7396:United States
7394:
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7280:
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7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7197:
7195:$ 23 billion
7194:
7192:
7189:
7188:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7178:United States
7176:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7158:
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7140:
7137:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7111:
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7106:
7105:
7101:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7083:
7075:
7073:
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7069:
7065:
7057:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7047:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7029:
7021:
7019:
7018:New Brunswick
7016:
7015:
7011:
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6998:
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6886:
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6509:
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6456:
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6437:
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6427:
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6411:
6403:
6395:
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6379:
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6350:
6342:
6334:
6326:
6318:
6310:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6289:
6281:
6273:
6265:
6257:
6249:
6241:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6220:
6212:
6204:
6196:
6188:
6180:
6172:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6151:
6143:
6135:
6127:
6119:
6111:
6103:
6095:
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6091:
6082:
6074:
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6005:
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5944:
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5928:
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5904:
5896:
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5875:
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5782:
5774:
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5758:
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5713:
5705:
5697:
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5599:
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5437:
5429:
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5413:
5405:
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5401:
5392:
5384:
5376:
5368:
5360:
5352:
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5336:
5333:
5332:
5323:
5315:
5307:
5299:
5291:
5283:
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5267:
5264:
5263:
5254:
5246:
5238:
5230:
5222:
5214:
5206:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5185:
5177:
5169:
5161:
5153:
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5137:
5129:
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5125:
5116:
5108:
5100:
5092:
5084:
5076:
5068:
5060:
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5056:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4978:
4970:
4962:
4954:
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4909:
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4877:
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4853:
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4771:
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4755:
4747:
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4702:
4694:
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4609:
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4256:
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4232:
4229:
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4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3911:
3903:
3895:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3826:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3736:
3728:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3688:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3621:Unemployment
3620:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3588:
3586:
3584:(in US$ PPP)
3580:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3524:Petro-Canada
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3469:May 15, 2006
3468:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3426:Shareholders
3425:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:Enbridge Inc
3379:
3377:June 9, 2016
3376:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:consumer debt
3234:
3225:
3223:
3211: 1 month
3205: 3 month
3187: 10 year
3181: 30 year
3175:
3168:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3101:Gulf of Maine
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:Latin America
3002:
2997:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2746:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:New Brunswick
2592:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2566:United States
2562:
2559:have created
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:ArcelorMittal
2265:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2241:branch plants
2237:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2199:Manufacturing
2196:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:Manufacturing
1949:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:Share of GDP
1936:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:credit easing
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1615:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:credit unions
1127:
1122:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:trade deficit
1099:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:mixed economy
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
993:
988:
985:
984:
979:
976:
975:
973:
970:
968:Credit rating
963:
959:
955:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
925:
918:
913:
904:
901:
894:
887:
884:
883:
881:
877:
872:
865:
862:
851:
848:
837:
834:
823:
820:
809:
806:
805:United States
795:
794:
792:
786:
783:
779:
776:, chemicals,
775:
771:
765:
756:
752:
745:
742:
731:
728:
717:
714:
703:
700:
689:
686:
685:United States
675:
674:
672:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:
617:
608:
604:
599:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
582:fish products
580:
578:
574:
571:
569:
568:food products
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
548:
542:
538:
535:
532:
525:
521:
518:
512:
500:
492:
484:
483:
481:
477:
465:
457:
456:
454:
448:
441:
429:
426:
413:
412:
410:
407:
402:
389:
386:
379:
375:
366:
362:
355:
346:
342:
338:
333:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
305:
302:GDP by sector
299:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
282:
276:
264:
256:
255:
253:
247:
232:
221:
213:
212:
210:
204:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
187:
183:
176:
167:
159:
158:
156:
154:
150:
141:
137:
132:
126:
125:Welfare state
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
112:
110:
107:Country group
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
67:
63:
60:
55:
51:
48:
44:
39:
35:
30:
25:
16:
15516:Sint Maarten
15496:Saint Martin
15320:
15235:
15228:
15185:Saskatchewan
15120:
14580:
14512:
14511:
14219:South Africa
14204:Sierra Leone
14189:Saudi Arabia
13768:
13744:Burkina Faso
13517:Bali Package
13446:Peace Clause
13173:
12437:Trade unions
12304:Oil reserves
12234:
12225:
12126:
12106:
12088:revised 2005
12087:
12064:
12040:
12020:
12000:
11979:
11959:
11940:
11929:
11922:
11893:
11881:. Retrieved
11877:
11867:
11855:. Retrieved
11850:
11841:
11827:
11817:February 22,
11815:. Retrieved
11811:
11788:, retrieved
11772:
11765:
11754:, retrieved
11749:
11742:
11733:
11727:
11699:February 22,
11697:. Retrieved
11693:the original
11683:
11671:. Retrieved
11666:
11657:
11645:. Retrieved
11635:
11623:. Retrieved
11613:
11603:February 22,
11601:. Retrieved
11597:the original
11587:
11578:
11569:
11551:
11539:. Retrieved
11535:
11526:
11516:February 22,
11514:. Retrieved
11512:. Census.gov
11503:
11493:February 22,
11491:. Retrieved
11489:. Census.gov
11480:
11470:February 22,
11468:. Retrieved
11466:. Census.gov
11457:
11447:February 22,
11445:. Retrieved
11441:the original
11431:
11423:the original
11413:
11403:February 22,
11401:. Retrieved
11397:the original
11387:
11377:February 28,
11375:. Retrieved
11364:
11352:. Retrieved
11348:the original
11338:
11326:. Retrieved
11322:the original
11311:
11287:. Retrieved
11282:
11273:
11263:February 22,
11261:. Retrieved
11251:
11240:, retrieved
11236:
11226:
11215:, retrieved
11206:
11197:
11186:the original
11172:
11163:
11153:
11142:, retrieved
11138:the original
11132:
11125:
11113:. Retrieved
11103:
11094:September 7,
11092:, retrieved
11085:the original
11076:
11069:
11058:, retrieved
11054:the original
11048:
11041:
11029:. Retrieved
11025:the original
11020:
10998:February 22,
10996:. Retrieved
10986:
10968:
10956:. Retrieved
10952:the original
10941:
10929:. Retrieved
10925:the original
10915:
10906:
10897:
10873:
10849:
10825:
10801:
10777:
10753:
10729:
10705:
10681:
10657:
10633:
10609:
10585:
10561:
10537:
10513:
10489:
10477:. Retrieved
10473:the original
10468:
10442:. Retrieved
10435:the original
10412:
10398:
10364:
10360:
10354:
10335:
10329:
10315:
10306:
10296:
10288:
10283:
10267:. Retrieved
10257:
10248:
10219:. Retrieved
10215:
10206:
10192:
10183:
10174:
10165:
10156:
10142:
10131:, retrieved
10125:
10118:
10107:, retrieved
10101:
10094:
10083:, retrieved
10077:
10070:
10059:, retrieved
10053:
10032:. Retrieved
10022:
10013:
9988:. Retrieved
9974:
9954:
9948:
9940:
9917:. Retrieved
9877:
9868:
9854:
9840:
9826:
9802:
9776:
9771:
9763:the original
9753:
9741:
9733:the original
9723:
9715:the original
9694:
9688:
9679:
9663:. Retrieved
9653:
9644:
9632:. Retrieved
9628:
9619:
9588:. Retrieved
9583:
9574:
9565:
9556:
9544:. Retrieved
9540:
9531:
9519:. Retrieved
9515:
9506:
9494:. Retrieved
9487:the original
9474:
9454:
9447:
9435:. Retrieved
9431:
9421:
9412:
9402:
9383:
9377:
9365:. Retrieved
9360:
9351:
9331:
9324:
9291:
9285:
9279:
9260:
9250:
9226:
9219:
9195:
9188:
9176:. Retrieved
9172:the original
9167:
9157:
9145:. Retrieved
9141:
9131:
9118:
9098:
9076:. Retrieved
9072:the original
9062:
9038:
9031:
9009:(1): 22–51.
9006:
9002:
8996:
8984:. Retrieved
8972:
8968:
8958:
8946:. Retrieved
8942:nationalpost
8941:
8917:. Retrieved
8906:
8894:. Retrieved
8889:
8880:
8861:
8849:. Retrieved
8845:the original
8831:
8803:
8796:
8784:. Retrieved
8772:
8752:
8745:
8733:. Retrieved
8719:
8699:
8692:
8677:
8657:
8625:
8614:
8604:
8592:. Retrieved
8586:
8577:
8553:
8546:
8537:
8528:
8516:. Retrieved
8511:
8502:
8490:. Retrieved
8481:
8469:. Retrieved
8464:
8455:
8443:. Retrieved
8433:
8421:. Retrieved
8414:
8405:
8393:. Retrieved
8383:
8371:. Retrieved
8367:
8364:"FDI stocks"
8343:. Retrieved
8333:
8321:. Retrieved
8315:
8288:. Retrieved
8278:
8264:
8250:
8236:
8224:. Retrieved
8219:
8210:
8200:November 30,
8198:. Retrieved
8193:
8184:
8172:. Retrieved
8167:
8146:
8137:
8125:. Retrieved
8118:hdr.undp.org
8117:
8108:
8096:. Retrieved
8072:
8058:
8044:
8032:. Retrieved
8028:
8018:
8006:. Retrieved
7992:
7976:. Retrieved
7966:
7939:
7913:. Retrieved
7877:
7868:
7836:
7832:
7805:
7781:. Retrieved
7773:
7764:
7746:
7730:
7712:
7628:
7621:
7614:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7585:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7557:
7550:
7377:
7374:Import trade
7159:
7156:
7147:Export trade
7138:
7125:
7108:Saskatchewan
3630:
3624:(in Percent)
3622:
3616:(in Percent)
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3574:
3563:
3475:Switzerland
3472:Xstrata PLC
3294:Target name
3275:
3271:
3249:
3231:
3220:
3199: 1 year
3193: 2 year
3171:Canada bonds
3147:
3131:Bill Clinton
3124:
3113:
3081:
3054:
3039:
3032:
3025:
2993:
2981:
2951:
2895:
2752: Canada
2724:
2720:
2716:Saskatchewan
2674:
2659:
2643:Saskatchewan
2636:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2570:
2549:distribution
2545:transmission
2525:
2507:
2469:
2304:
2286:
2269:
2238:
2221:
2181:
2177:
2150:
2107:
2006:Retail trade
1974:Construction
1927:
1918:
1914:
1903:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1868:
1840:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1762:
1760:
1744:
1740:Voisey's Bay
1736:
1732:
1720:Barrick Gold
1680:
1656:
1652:World War II
1637:
1622:
1592:
1557:
1552:Saskatchewan
1491:Central Bank
1333:
1258:
1217:World War II
1214:
1186:
1123:
1063:
1061:
1049:
953:
768:Import goods
620:Export goods
479:Unemployment
451:Labour force
361:poverty line
15:
15486:Puerto Rico
15396:Saint Lucia
15346:El Salvador
15194:Territories
15165:Nova Scotia
14950:Paul Martin
14447:Netherlands
14234:Switzerland
14149:Philippines
14089:New Zealand
13974:South Korea
13854:El Salvador
13819:Ivory Coast
13659:Afghanistan
13643:Rufus Yerxa
13628:Pascal Lamy
13597:13th (2024)
13592:12th (2022)
13587:11th (2017)
13582:10th (2015)
13529:Conferences
13527:Ministerial
13467:Agriculture
12869:Philippines
12848:New Zealand
12827:South Korea
12350:Agriculture
12324:Public debt
11242:February 3,
10958:November 2,
10931:November 2,
10444:October 10,
10269:October 14,
9580:"Fisheries"
9178:January 10,
9147:January 10,
8786:October 21,
8735:January 31,
8671:PDF version
8538:www.imf.org
8445:January 14,
8423:January 10,
8395:January 20,
8373:February 7,
8226:December 9,
8174:October 10,
7915:October 17,
7717:stability."
7474:South Korea
7334:Switzerland
7269:Netherlands
7256:South Korea
7036:Nova Scotia
6940:Employment
3605:GDP growth
3334:Vivendi SA
3139:Great Lakes
3073:electricity
3069:natural gas
2916:El Salvador
2696:Agriculture
2645:. The vast
2609:Oil and gas
2516:Electricity
2314:World rank
2157:real estate
1878:Mark Carney
1747:cod fishery
1449:Automotives
1416:Electricity
1401:Agriculture
1301:aeronautics
1297:coking coal
1208:on advance
1079:nominal GDP
866:Other 18.7%
778:electricity
746:Other 10.1%
649:fertilizers
639:equipment;
631:machinery,
627:and parts,
592:natural gas
440:IHDI (14th)
327:(2017 est.)
310:agriculture
59:Fiscal year
19:Economy of
15547:Categories
15481:Montserrat
15476:Martinique
15471:Guadeloupe
15326:Costa Rica
14437:Luxembourg
14239:Tajikistan
14199:Seychelles
14074:Mozambique
14064:Montenegro
14039:Mauritania
14014:Madagascar
13984:Kyrgyzstan
13964:Kazakhstan
13874:The Gambia
13814:Costa Rica
13774:Cape Verde
13704:Bangladesh
13577:9th (2013)
13572:8th (2011)
13567:7th (2009)
13562:6th (2005)
13557:5th (2003)
13552:4th (2001)
13547:3rd (1999)
13542:2nd (1998)
13537:1st (1996)
13455:Agreements
13322:Guidelines
12609:Bay Street
12520:PPP Canada
12235:Currency:
11373:. CBC News
11328:August 18,
10216:torontosun
10129:, Macleans
9990:January 9,
9634:January 1,
8986:August 14,
8919:August 14,
8127:October 8,
7978:October 8,
7778:World Bank
7739:References
7151:See also:
7139:20,400,700
7102:4,515,200
7066:7,970,500
6976:2,847,800
6958:2,526,900
3455:Nexen Inc
3363:Alcan Inc
3266:See also:
3093:publishing
3077:hydropower
2613:See also:
2541:generation
2422:Molybdenum
2120:, such as
1769:(GDP) and
1730:business.
1659:Crown land
1289:platinoids
1098:globalized
1052:US dollars
780:, durable
629:industrial
238:1.5%
227:1.5%
207:GDP growth
139:Population
134:Statistics
101:and others
52:(CAD, C$ )
15466:Greenland
15381:Nicaragua
15356:Guatemala
15133:Provinces
14813:Joe Clark
14432:Lithuania
14314:Venezuela
14224:Sri Lanka
14209:Singapore
14174:St. Lucia
14094:Nicaragua
14044:Mauritius
13939:Indonesia
13924:Hong Kong
13894:Guatemala
13694:Australia
13684:Argentina
13426:Criticism
13201:APEC blue
12883:Singapore
12813:Indonesia
12805:Hong Kong
12770:Australia
12563:Crow Rate
12365:Petroleum
11857:April 25,
11790:August 7,
11541:April 12,
11354:March 11,
11217:March 31,
11144:March 31,
11115:March 31,
11060:March 31,
11031:March 31,
11021:Canada.ca
10479:March 31,
10133:August 8,
10109:August 7,
10105:, Reuters
10085:August 6,
10061:August 6,
10034:August 6,
9919:August 6,
9316:154319169
8896:August 5,
8666:2562-8313
8594:April 24,
8098:April 13,
8034:March 24,
8008:August 4,
7390:Fraction
7308:Hong Kong
7172:Fraction
6930:Province
6884:65,954.5
6868:66,221.6
6815:64,352.5
6799:64,649.4
6746:62,703.5
6730:63,042.6
6677:60,745.3
6661:61,274.7
6608:59,179.0
6592:59,872.2
6539:56,794.0
6523:57,827.5
6470:52,015.1
6454:52,973.0
6401:43,306.6
6385:48,946.8
6332:46,404.0
6316:51,652.6
6263:46,625.9
6247:50,531.6
6194:45,192.0
6178:48,688.1
6125:42,382.6
6109:46,554.1
6056:43,626.5
6040:44,702.5
5987:51,020.8
5971:45,812.0
5918:52,708.6
5902:44,360.4
5849:52,744.0
5833:42,351.1
5780:52,285.9
5764:41,716.4
5711:47,627.3
5695:40,017.6
5642:40,990.6
5626:38,788.0
5573:46,773.8
5557:40,159.1
5504:44,717.0
5488:39,428.2
5435:40,558.9
5419:37,980.7
5366:36,439.6
5350:36,260.7
5297:32,176.6
5281:34,390.0
5228:28,338.7
5212:32,794.3
5159:24,279.2
5143:31,887.8
5090:23,859.7
5074:30,810.5
5021:24,296.7
5005:29,914.7
4952:22,340.6
4936:28,068.8
4883:21,046.6
4867:26,532.4
4814:21,930.5
4798:25,469.8
4745:21,325.7
4729:24,252.2
4676:20,706.7
4660:23,682.4
4607:20,024.6
4591:22,823.8
4538:20,210.5
4522:21,615.6
4469:20,984.8
4453:20,805.6
4400:21,885.6
4384:20,403.3
4331:21,572.1
4315:20,415.1
4262:20,842.5
4246:19,947.7
4193:19,041.2
4177:19,085.3
4124:16,408.1
4108:17,893.0
4055:14,539.8
4039:16,990.4
3986:14,185.9
3970:16,466.0
3917:13,947.4
3901:15,380.2
3848:13,493.2
3832:14,149.5
3779:12,543.9
3763:13,404.9
3710:12,396.7
3694:13,197.5
3651:11,281.4
3645:11,798.2
3560:Raw data
3501:Inco Ltd
3311:Spin-off
3097:fisheries
3089:magazines
3065:petroleum
3050:newsprint
3035:commodity
2941:Singapore
2912:Nicaragua
2908:Guatemala
2494:in 2018.
2287:In 2017,
2195:of 2001.
2184:high tech
2169:Vancouver
2054:Utilities
1847:recession
1843:John Crow
1654:in 1945.
1625:Caribbean
1587:Vancouver
1510:Companies
1470:Transport
1411:Petroleum
835:(-) 10.8%
821:(+) 13.5%
807:(-) 49.2%
774:crude oil
687:(+) 76.9%
653:wood pulp
641:chemicals
587:petroleum
558:chemicals
437:very high
421:very high
337:Inflation
15431:Anguilla
15366:Honduras
15336:Dominica
15311:Barbados
15230:Category
15150:Manitoba
14777:November
14751:November
14472:Slovenia
14467:Slovakia
14457:Portugal
14362:Bulgaria
14334:Zimbabwe
14254:Thailand
14249:Tanzania
14229:Suriname
14139:Paraguay
14124:Pakistan
14059:Mongolia
14029:Maldives
14024:Malaysia
13919:Honduras
13859:Eswatini
13834:Dominica
13829:Djibouti
13799:Colombia
13764:Cameroon
13759:Cambodia
13729:Botswana
13709:Barbados
12897:Thailand
12834:Malaysia
12541:programs
12448:agencies
12343:Industry
11883:July 14,
11781:archived
11559:Archived
11289:July 30,
11211:archived
10976:Archived
10886:Archived
10862:Archived
10838:Archived
10814:Archived
10790:Archived
10766:Archived
10742:Archived
10718:Archived
10694:Archived
10670:Archived
10646:Archived
10622:Archived
10598:Archived
10574:Archived
10550:Archived
10526:Archived
10502:Archived
10254:"Canada"
10221:April 1,
9963:archived
9910:Archived
9815:Archived
9650:"Canada"
9308:25166298
9054:Archived
8886:"Canada"
8518:July 27,
8492:June 24,
8345:July 27,
8323:July 27,
8290:July 27,
8089:Archived
7963:"Canada"
7857:Archived
7527:See also
7384:Partner
7166:Partner
7120:597,100
7048:516,400
7030:390,900
7012:243,700
6994:700,400
6982:Manitoba
6876:2,728.4
6860:2,739.4
6807:2,630.3
6791:2,642.5
6738:2,531.2
6722:2,544.9
6669:2,420.7
6653:2,441.8
6600:2,326.6
6584:2,353.9
6531:2,200.4
6515:2,240.4
6462:1,988.3
6446:2,025.0
6393:1,645.4
6377:1,859.7
6324:1,742.0
6308:1,939.0
6255:1,725.3
6239:1,869.8
6186:1,649.3
6170:1,776.9
6117:1,528.0
6101:1,678.4
6048:1,556.5
6032:1,594.9
5979:1,805.8
5963:1,621.4
5910:1,846.6
5894:1,554.1
5841:1,828.4
5825:1,468.1
5772:1,793.3
5756:1,430.8
5703:1,617.3
5687:1,358.9
5634:1,376.5
5618:1,302.5
5565:1,552.9
5549:1,333.3
5496:1,468.9
5480:1,295.2
5427:1,319.4
5411:1,235.5
5358:1,173.5
5342:1,167.7
5289:1,026.5
5273:1,097.1
5204:1,036.4
3155:smelting
3127:aviation
3037:sector.
3013:Michigan
3011:between
2624:Syncrude
2585:Manitoba
2510:aluminum
2484:graphite
2480:antimony
2386:Titanium
2325:Platinum
2165:Montreal
2130:Best Buy
1934:Industry
1716:Goldcorp
1696:diamonds
1577:Montreal
1433:Forestry
1326:a series
1324:Part of
1311:Overview
1293:iron ore
1198:forestry
942:Expenses
934:Revenues
863:(-) 2.3%
849:(-) 5.5%
743:(+) 2.3%
729:(+) 2.4%
715:(-) 3.7%
701:(-) 4.6%
645:plastics
633:aircraft
601:External
563:minerals
423:(2022) (
322:services
316:industry
185:GDP rank
46:Currency
15461:Curaçao
15446:Bonaire
15441:Bermuda
15371:Jamaica
15351:Grenada
15306:Bahamas
15206:Nunavut
15170:Ontario
15140:Alberta
14663:General
14462:Romania
14417:Ireland
14412:Hungary
14402:Germany
14392:Finland
14387:Estonia
14382:Denmark
14367:Croatia
14357:Belgium
14352:Austria
14319:Vietnam
14309:Uruguay
14289:Ukraine
14274:Tunisia
14194:Senegal
14104:Nigeria
14079:Namibia
14069:Morocco
14054:Moldova
13999:Liberia
13994:Lesotho
13949:Jamaica
13929:Iceland
13889:Grenada
13879:Georgia
13844:Ecuador
13754:Burundi
13749:Myanmar
13724:Bolivia
13699:Bahrain
13689:Armenia
13669:Algeria
13664:Albania
13652:Members
13291:History
12921:Summits
12911:Vietnam
12762:Nations
12679:Indices
12602:Finance
12539:Federal
12446:Federal
12375:Tourism
12360:Fishing
12314:Poverty
12245:General
12174:at the
9590:May 19,
9546:May 20,
9521:May 20,
9496:May 19,
9437:May 13,
9367:May 14,
9078:May 23,
9023:3088901
8948:May 13,
8194:StatCan
7853:3005973
7513:Vietnam
7435:Germany
7295:Belgium
7243:Germany
7084:91,900
7054:Ontario
6946:Alberta
6571:102.2%
6502:112.9%
6433:117.8%
4777:100.2%
4708:100.1%
3550:Canada
3544:Canada
3527:Canada
3521:Canada
3504:Canada
3498:Brazil
3481:Canada
3458:Canada
3452:Canada
3435:Canada
3429:Canada
3412:Canada
3406:Canada
3383:Canada
3366:Canada
3360:Canada
3343:Canada
3337:France
3320:Canada
3314:Canada
3141:to the
3017:Ontario
2999:in the
2936:Morocco
2902:CARICOM
2892:Source:
2862:Source:
2769:Source:
2632:Alberta
2557:Alberta
2553:Ontario
2492:uranium
2446:Lithium
2410:Niobium
2214:in the
2192:Tourism
2161:Toronto
2122:Walmart
1953:10.37%
1945:13.01%
1751:logging
1728:logging
1692:uranium
1593:more...
1582:Toronto
1558:more...
1542:Ontario
1537:Alberta
1484:Finance
1475:Tourism
1428:Fishing
1387:Sectors
1109:is the
996:Moody's
754:Imports
606:Exports
374:StatCan
324:: 70.2%
318:: 28.2%
240:(2024f)
229:(2023f)
177:; 2023)
34:Toronto
15386:Panama
15376:Mexico
15321:Canada
15316:Belize
15180:Quebec
14771:1978 (
14742:1974 (
14593:Mexico
14581:Canada
14482:Sweden
14452:Poland
14427:Latvia
14407:Greece
14397:France
14372:Cyprus
14329:Zambia
14284:Uganda
14279:Turkey
14244:Taiwan
14164:Rwanda
14159:Russia
14129:Panama
14114:Norway
14049:Mexico
14019:Malawi
13979:Kuwait
13959:Jordan
13944:Israel
13909:Guyana
13899:Guinea
13769:Canada
13739:Brunei
13734:Brazil
13714:Belize
13674:Angola
13606:People
13419:Issues
13383:System
13237:1. A
12890:Taiwan
12876:Russia
12841:Mexico
12784:Canada
12777:Brunei
12415:Labour
12247:topics
12134:
12114:
12094:
12072:
12048:
12028:
12008:
11987:
11967:
11947:
10425::
10342:
10275:
9797:page 3
9690:Forbes
9671:
9665:May 6,
9611:
9462:
9390:
9339:
9314:
9306:
9267:
9238:
9207:
9106:
9046:
9021:
8892:. 2021
8851:May 8,
8819:
8760:
8707:
8664:
8565:
8270:"Home"
8242:"Home"
8222:. OECD
7984:
7851:
7500:France
7422:Mexico
7416:12.7%
7403:51.3%
7387:Value
7321:Norway
7282:France
7230:Mexico
7185:75.6%
7169:Value
7090:Quebec
7009:10.1%
6916:88.7%
6847:90.9%
6778:93.3%
6709:96.3%
6640:98.7%
6409:-5.2%
6364:87.2%
6295:88.9%
6226:88.9%
6157:91.8%
6088:91.2%
6019:85.6%
5950:86.1%
5881:85.4%
5812:81.8%
5743:81.2%
5674:79.3%
5650:-2.9%
5605:67.9%
5536:66.9%
5467:69.9%
5398:70.6%
5329:71.9%
5260:75.9%
5220:895.6
5191:79.6%
5151:760.1
5135:998.4
5122:81.5%
5082:739.0
5066:954.2
5053:80.4%
5013:744.6
4997:916.8
4984:89.0%
4944:678.4
4928:852.4
4915:93.3%
4875:634.0
4859:799.3
4846:95.3%
4806:655.0
4790:760.7
4737:630.6
4721:717.1
4668:605.9
4652:693.0
4639:97.5%
4631:10.4%
4599:579.9
4583:661.0
4570:94.7%
4562:11.4%
4530:579.1
4514:619.3
4501:88.2%
4493:11.2%
4461:594.4
4445:589.3
4432:81.7%
4424:10.3%
4408:-2.1%
4392:612.5
4376:571.0
4363:73.7%
4323:596.1
4307:564.1
4294:71.0%
4254:567.2
4238:542.9
4225:69.7%
4185:509.4
4169:510.6
4156:69.8%
4116:433.1
4100:472.3
4087:69.3%
4047:379.0
4031:442.9
4018:65.2%
4010:10.5%
3978:366.2
3962:425.0
3949:60.2%
3941:11.4%
3909:356.7
3893:393.4
3880:57.2%
3872:12.0%
3840:341.9
3824:358.5
3811:51.7%
3803:11.1%
3795:10.8%
3787:-3.2%
3771:314.6
3755:336.2
3742:46.1%
3726:12.5%
3702:307.2
3686:327.1
3673:44.6%
3667:10.2%
3648:276.1
3642:288.7
3608:(real)
3553:13.60
3530:15.58
3507:17.15
3484:17.40
3461:19.12
3438:20.26
3415:24.79
3392:28.29
3369:37.63
3346:40.43
3323:59.97
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3151:mining
3071:, and
3061:energy
3057:$ 73.6
2962:(FTAA)
2756:
2750:
2666:Canada
2577:Quebec
2532:Canada
2498:Energy
2476:gypsum
2472:sulfur
2434:Cobalt
2398:Potash
2375:(ore)
2361:Copper
2349:Nickel
2311:Metal
2295:Mining
2128:, and
2110:retail
2097:0.62%
2089:0.77%
2081:1.53%
2073:1.89%
2065:2.15%
2057:2.21%
2049:2.46%
2041:3.00%
2033:4.60%
2025:5.21%
2017:5.54%
2009:5.60%
2001:5.78%
1993:6.28%
1985:6.63%
1977:7.08%
1969:7.06%
1961:8.21%
1862:, and
1718:, and
1712:Cameco
1708:Encana
1688:nickel
1675:mining
1547:Quebec
1423:Mining
1406:Energy
1328:on the
1281:canola
1275:; the
1246:Mexico
1219:. The
1090:Canada
858:
847:Mexico
844:
830:
816:
802:
738:
724:
710:
696:
682:
657:timber
539:(2022)
522:(2022)
442:(2021)
435:0.860
419:0.935
395:0.281
312:: 1.6%
36:, the
21:Canada
15436:Aruba
15361:Haiti
15211:Yukon
14773:April
14477:Spain
14442:Malta
14422:Italy
14324:Yemen
14264:Tonga
14184:Samoa
14154:Qatar
14099:Niger
14084:Nepal
14009:Macau
13969:Kenya
13954:Japan
13934:India
13914:Haiti
13884:Ghana
13869:Gabon
13849:Egypt
13794:China
13789:Chile
13719:Benin
13186:Other
12820:Japan
12798:China
12791:Chile
11784:(PDF)
11777:(PDF)
11189:(PDF)
11182:(PDF)
11088:(PDF)
11081:(PDF)
10889:(PDF)
10882:(PDF)
10865:(PDF)
10858:(PDF)
10841:(PDF)
10834:(PDF)
10817:(PDF)
10810:(PDF)
10793:(PDF)
10786:(PDF)
10769:(PDF)
10762:(PDF)
10745:(PDF)
10738:(PDF)
10721:(PDF)
10714:(PDF)
10697:(PDF)
10690:(PDF)
10673:(PDF)
10666:(PDF)
10649:(PDF)
10642:(PDF)
10625:(PDF)
10618:(PDF)
10601:(PDF)
10594:(PDF)
10577:(PDF)
10570:(PDF)
10553:(PDF)
10546:(PDF)
10529:(PDF)
10522:(PDF)
10505:(PDF)
10498:(PDF)
10438:(PDF)
10431:(PDF)
9966:(PDF)
9959:(PDF)
9913:(PDF)
9906:(PDF)
9818:(PDF)
9811:(PDF)
9490:(PDF)
9483:(PDF)
9312:S2CID
9304:JSTOR
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14713:1968
14259:Togo
14144:Peru
14119:Oman
14034:Mali
13989:Laos
13864:Fiji
13824:Cuba
13784:Chad
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