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the Russo-Ukrainian War in eastern
Ukraine since 2014 had stymied some of the country's growth. Ukraine's energy policy has created incentives for investment in renewable energy sources, but these remain uncertain. Since 2015, Ukrainian energy policy has favoured reducing natural gas subsidies alongside diversifying energy supply. Ukraine participates in the European Union's EU4Energy Programme, an effort to promote evidence-based policy making in national energy sectors.
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high level of business activity and preservation of investment activity, which stimulated mainly the development of construction, in particular, of industrial and transport infrastructure facilities; active consumer lending; maintaining the high dynamics of agricultural development; favourable price situation on selected world commodity markets for domestic exports and others. Ukraine made its largest payment on debt in 2019 at $ 1.1 billion.
4506:
28:
960:. GDP growth was recorded for the first time in 2000, and continued for eight years. This growth was halted by the global financial crisis of 2008. The Ukrainian economy recovered and achieved positive GDP growth in the first quarter of 2010. In the early 2010s, Ukraine was noted as possessing many of the components of a major European economy, such as rich farmlands, a well-developed industrial base, highly trained
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1318:, Ukraine had a surplus in its balance of payments in JanuaryβNovember 2015 of $ 566 million and has had a trade deficit of $ 11.046 billion during the same period in 2014. On 31 December 2015, Ukraine's public debt stood at 79% of its GDP. It had shrank $ 4.324 billion in 2015 to end up at $ 65.488 billion. But calculated in hryvnia, the debt had grown by 42.78%. In 2015, the
1408:, a global leader in credit ratings and research, upgraded Ukraine's Long-Term foreign and National Currency Issuer Default Ratings (IDR) from "Bβ" to "B" and improved the outlook on the credit rating from stable to positive. Ukraine has demonstrated timely access to fiscal and external financing, improving macroeconomic stability, and declining public indebtedness.
4264:
Deposits of iron ore (estimated at 28 billion tons), manganese ore (3 billion tons), chalk and limestone (1.5 billion tons) are also large in
Ukraine. The domestic industrial sector suffers from constant energy shortages and energy supply payment debts totaling about $ 792 million at the end of 1995. Ukraine increased oil and gas production in 2023 up to 18.7 bcm.
4758:, as well as the Veselka (Rainbow) paint and insulation enterprise are implementing investment projects targeted to raise efficiency and quality in primarily export-oriented vessels through production upgrades. The new engineering developments and high potential of Ukrainian designers provide the ability to build high quality vessels with competitive prices.
949:. The economy recovered in 2010 and continued improving until 2013. From 2014 to 2015, the Ukrainian economy suffered a severe downturn, with GDP in 2015 being slightly above half of its value in 2013. In 2016, the economy again started to grow. By 2018, the Ukrainian economy was growing rapidly, and reached almost 80% of its size in 2008.
4235:
1440:, to eliminate currency speculation and to improve the international competitiveness of business. The previous day it requested a two-year payment freeze on international bonds; in 2020 it had $ 130 billion of external debt. When the 2022 Russian invasion began, Ukraine's economy was predicted by the IMF to shrink by up to 35%.
5700:, have entered water bodies, posing dangers to human organs and the nervous system. Three million hectares of forests need to be demined, and forest fires caused by shelling occur in 30% of the country's forest area. The war has released approximately 67,532,788 tons of hazardous emissions, causing respiratory and
1189:βfiscal policy. Ukraine benefited from very low labour costs, slightly lower tariffs, and high prices of its main export goods, but at the same time faced notably higher non-tariff barriers. Russia has not charged Ukraine below-world-market prices for natural gas since the end of 2008. This led to various
5265:(province) of western Ukraine. The 2010β2011 winter season recorded 1,200,000-day visits with foreigners amounting to 8β10% of all visitors. In 2012 the Bukovel was named the fastest growing ski resort worldwide. The coastline on the Black Sea is a popular summer destination for vacationers, especially
7813:
Greece consisted of discrete enclaves on which agriculture was difficult and residents turned to the sea for their livelihood. Athens could not have survived without grain from
Ukraine, one reason that Athens feared Persian movements toward the Dardanelles, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea, and maybe
4438:
Ukraine relies heavily on imports for natural gas and oil products. It is a key transit site for
European imports of Russian gas. Ukraine transits more natural gas than any other country. Prior to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, economic crises, Russia's closure of its market, and
4259:
Ukraine is one of the world's most important mineral producing countries, in terms of both the range and size of its reserves. There are nearly 8,000 separate deposits, harboring some 90 different minerals, of which about 20 are economically significant. About half of all the known deposits are under
1463:
Ukraine is subdivided into nine economic regions: Carpathian, Northwestern, Podillia, Capital, Central-Ukrainian, Northeastern, Black-Sea-Coastal, Trans-Dnipro, and
Donetsk. Those regions were redrawn from the three Soviet economic regions of the Ukrainian SSR: Donetsk-TransDnieper, Southwestern, and
7888:
In the 1860s and 1870s a major shift in economic structure began as czarist policy turned to promote modern industrialization . A huge government-supported program of railroad building began, followed by policies to attract foreign investors to develop metallurgy in the coal- and iron-rich areas of
5688:
for funding to complete two new reactor units to compensate for the energy once produced by
Chernobyl. Ukrainian concern over reform conditions attached to the loan β particularly tariff increases needed to ensure loan repaymentβled the Ukrainian government to withdraw the application on the day the
5342:
A political crisis in the middle of 2006 was feared as a threat to economic and investment stability, however, despite the forecasts, the political situation has not scared investors. The GDP showed a good growth rate of 7% in 2007, compared to the previous year. Industrial output has increased. Car
1427:
warned that if parliament did not restore these anti-corruption laws, foreign aid, loans and visa-free travel to the
European Union were at risk. The governor of the National Bank of Ukraine reported that Ukraine will not receive the scheduled $ 700 million IMF load before the end of 2020 because of
1281:
worth about $ 17.5 billion in eight tranches over 2015 and 2016, subject to conditions which involved economic reforms. However, due to lack of progress on reforms, only two tranches worth $ 6.7 billion were paid in 2015. A third tranche of $ 1.7 billion was provisionally scheduled in June 2016
1262:
which started in April 2014 Ukraine's economy shrank by 6.8% in 2014. It had been expected to decline by 8%. A Ukrainian government report stated early in
February 2016 that Ukraine's economy had shrunk by 10.4% in 2015. For 2015, the National Bank of Ukraine had expected a further decline of 11.6%,
7682:
Since 1991, officials, members of parliament and businessmen have created complex and highly lucrative schemes to plunder the state budget. The theft has crippled
Ukraine. The economy was as large as Poland's at independence, now it is a third of the size. Ordinary Ukrainians have seen their living
5541:
Since the late 1990s, the
Ukrainian government has pledged to reduce the number of government agencies, streamline the regulatory process, create a legal environment to encourage entrepreneurs, and enact a comprehensive tax overhaul. In 2003, the IMF encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope
4803:
In 2008, agriculture accounted for 8.29% of Ukraine's GDP and by 2012 had grown to 10.43% of the GDP. Agriculture accounted for $ 13.98 billion of value added to the economy of Ukraine in 2012. Despite being a top 10 world producer of several crops such as wheat and corn Ukraine still only ranks 24
4734:
produced 237 navigation units for a total value of US$ 1.5 billion. Production facilities are not working near full capacity, and customers are not always timely in paying for services. The shipbuilding industry grew between 2000 and 2006, in line with the wider Ukrainian economic expansion at
3699:
In 2015 the EU became Ukraine's largest trading partner, accounting for more than a third of its trade. In 2015, Ukrainian exports to Russia had fallen to 12.7%. In 2017, 14.5% of Ukraine's imports came from Russia. In 2017, Ukrainian exports to Russia stood at 9%. In 2017, 40% of Ukraine's exports
5208:
In 2012, Ukraine was the 8th most popular tourism destination in Europe with 23 million visitors. The country's tourism industry is generally considered to be underdeveloped, but it does provide crucial support for Ukraine's economy. In 2012, the contribution of tourism to the GDP amounted to 28.8
4827:
The agricultural industry in Ukraine is already highly profitable, with 40β60% profits, but according to analysts its outputs could still rise up to fourfold. Ukraine is the world's 6th largest, 5th if not including the EU as a separate state, producer of corn in the world and the 3rd largest corn
1396:
has estimated that up to 9 million Ukrainians work abroad for some part of the year, and 3.2 million have regular full-time work abroad with most not planning to return. World Bank statistics show that money remittances back to Ukraine have roughly doubled from 2015 to 2018, worth about 4% of GDP.
1368:
has compared the severity of Ukraine's recession to that of the Greek recession in 2011β2012 β pointing to Ukraine experiencing an 8β9% decline in GDP from 2014 to 2015 and Greece experiencing an 8.1% decline of GDP in 2011β2012, and noted that not all areas of Ukraine were equally effected by the
5057:
Ukraine has a long-standing reputation as a major technology region, with a well-developed scientific and educational base. In March 2013 Ukraine ranked 4th in the world in number of certified IT professionals after the United States, India, and Russia. On top of that, experts recognised both the
4570:
The Lviv-based company Electrontrans is an enterprise of a full-scale production, specialising in design and production of modern urban electric transport β trams, trolleybuses, electric buses, units, and spare parts. In 2013 Electrotrans starts producing low-floor trams, the first Ukrainian 100%
4412:
In 2013, Ukraine's defence sector manufactured a total of β΄11.7 billion worth of goods, β΄10 billion of which were exported. In the first 9 months of 2014 Ukraine's defence sector produced a record β΄13 billion worth of goods. The increase was largely due to government orders for the war in Donbas.
4072:
by Deloitte has come up with specific features of Ukraine's economy. More than 50% of the biggest Ukrainian companies are therefore owned by local investors whereas for the whole region this number accounts only to 15,4%. Deloitte explains the difference with the low investment attractiveness for
1400:
In Q1 2019, China became Ukraine's largest trading partner, replacing Russia. In Q3 2019 real GDP grew by 4.2%. The main driving factors include: increased purchasing power of the population in conditions of increase of the level of wages (during nine months of 2019 real wages increased by 9.5%);
1376:
The economy of Ukraine has overcome the severe crisis caused by armed conflict in the eastern part of country. A 200% devaluation of the hryvnia in 2014β2015 made Ukrainian goods and services cheaper and more competitive. In 2016, for the first time since 2010, the economy grew by more than 2%. A
1344:, Ukraine's then-Minister of Economy and Trade, resigned in February 2016, citing ingrained corruption. In October of the same year, a survey of potential foreign investors conducted by Dragon Capital identified corruption and lack of trust in the judiciary as the largest obstacles to investment.
1181:
and high inflation started to damage Ukraine's export competitiveness. The ratio of credit to GDP grew extremely fast β from 7% to almost 80% over just several years. From 2000 to 2007, Ukraine's real growth averaged 7.4%. This growth was driven by domestic demand: orientation toward consumption,
4408:
The signing of recent large contracts may put Ukraine into 6th place among biggest arms traders, after the United States, Russia, France, Germany, and Israel. The output of Ukrainian defence plants grew 58% in 2009, with largest growth reported by aircraft builders (77%) and ship builders (71%).
4263:
Ukraine has oil and gas fields that meet 10 percent of her oil and 20 percent of her gas consumption, respectively. Ukraine contains natural gas reserves of 39.6 billion cubic feet (1.12 billion cubic metres), but only about 20 percent of Ukraine's demand is met by domestic production.
3703:
In 2015, food and other agricultural products (worth $ 13 billion), metallurgy ($ 8.8 billion) and machinery ($ 4.1 billion) made up most of Ukraine's exports, with trade partners in 217 countries. Exports from Ukraine in 2015 decreased by 29.3% to $ 38.135 billion. Imports were 31.1% down, to $
1207:
according to GDP (nominal), with a total nominal GDP of US$ 188 billion, and nominal per-capita GDP of US$ 3,900. There was 3% unemployment at the end of 2008. Over the first 9 months of 2009, unemployment averaged 9.4%. The final official unemployment rates for 2009 and 2010 were 8.8% and 8.4%,
4466:
Ukraine is independent in its electricity supply, and exports electricity to Russia and other countries of Eastern Europe. This is achieved through a wide use of nuclear power and hydroelectricity. Recent energy strategy intends a gradual decreasing of gas- and oil-based generation in favour of
4250:
Ukraine is home to companies operating in around 20 major industries, namely power generation, fuel, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical and gas, machine building and metal-working, forest, wood-working and wood pulp and paper, construction materials, light, food, and
4631:
Since 2014, aerospace industry revenues have fallen by 80%. In June 2016, the Antonov Corporation merged with the state-owned military conglomerate Ukroboronprom, forming Ukrainian Aircraft Corporation within its structure. This merger was done to boost Antonov profits and the production rate.
1108:
in the early 1990s because of a lack of access to financial markets and massive monetary expansion to finance government spending, while output declined sharply this was catastrophic for the economy because it undid decades of hard-fought economic progress and people became poorer. Huge output
1162:
Ukraine stabilised by the early 2000s. The year 2000 saw the first year of economic growth since Ukraine's independence. The economy continued to grow thanks to a 50% growth in exports between 2000 and 2008 β mainly exports from the traditional industries of metals, metallurgy, engineering,
6481:
4447:
Ukraine remains heavily reliant on oil product and gas imports. Russia ranks as Ukraine's principal supplier of oil, and Russian firms own and/or operate the majority of Ukraine's refining capacity. Natural gas imports come from Russia β which delivers its own gas, as well as the gas from
1173:
Ukraine experienced between 2000 and 2008. Attracted in part by relatively high interest-rates, foreign cash was injected into Ukraine's economy and money supply grew rapidly: from 2001 to 2010 broad, money increased at an annual rate of 35%. In 2006 and 2007, credit growth averaged 73%.
4815:
than any other European country and is one of the world's largest honey producers. An estimated 1.5% of its population is involved in honey production, therefore Ukraine has the highest honey per capita production rate in the world. Because Ukraine possesses 30% of the world's richest
4836:, hence the actual available crop yield was closer to 60.5 million metric tons. Due to the decline of the metallurgy industry, which was previously Ukraine's top export category, agricultural products have become Ukraine's largest export category as a result of the war in Donbas.
4788:
5436:, founded in 1994 by David Sweere. He sold its business in Minnesota and invested in Ukraine, believing in its huge potential. The company has been operating at a profit since 2002. As a result, he became the fifth richest among the Westerners who made their fortune in Ukraine.
987:
that started in the spring of 2014 severely damaged Ukraine's economy and two of Ukraine's most industrial regions. In 2013, Ukraine saw zero GDP growth. Ukraine's economy shrank by 6.8% in 2014, and this continued with a 12% decline in GDP in 2015. In April 2017, the
5058:
quantitative and qualitative potential of Ukrainian specialists. In 2011, the number of IT specialists working in the industry reached 25,000 people with 20% growth. The volume of the Ukrainian IT market in 2013 was estimated to be up to 3.6 billion U.S. dollars.
4828:
exporter in the world. In 2012, Ukraine signed a contract with China, the world's largest importer of corn, to supply China with 3 million tonnes of corn annually at market price. The deal included a $ 3 billion line of credit extension from China to Ukraine.
4091:
Ukraine is relatively rich in natural resources, particularly in mineral deposits. Although oil and natural gas reserves in Ukraine are largely exhausted, it has other important energy sources, such as coal, hydroelectricity, and nuclear-fuel raw materials.
1203:. Because of it Ukraine experienced a drought in capital flows. The hryvnia, which had been pegged at a rate of 5:1 to the U.S. dollar, was devalued to 8:1, and was stabilised at that ratio until the beginning of 2014. In 2008, Ukraine's economy ranked
1432:
wrote "for months, senior Ukrainian officials have been claiming that the Ukrainian government has done everything the could possibly demand" but "this happy talk was always detached from reality", and the relationship with the IMF remains critical.
5653:
Ukraine is interested in cooperating on regional environmental issues. Conservation of natural resources is a stated high priority, although implementation suffers from a lack of financial resources. Ukraine established its first nature preserve,
4831:
In 2014, Ukraine's total grain crop was estimated to be a record 64 million metric tons. In 2014, Ukraine lost control over portions of several regions after those regions declared independence from Ukraine, resulting in the war in Donbas and the
4305:
Ukraine is rich in mineral deposits, including iron ore (of which it once produced 50 percent of the entire Soviet output), manganese ore (of which it produced 40 percent of world output during the Soviet era), mercury, titanium, and nickel.
4143:
1411:
Ukraine moved up seven positions in the annual World Bank Doing Business 2020 report. Prudent macroeconomic management helped reduce inflation and interest rates in 2019. Inflation eased to 4.1% at the end of 2019 and 2.4% in February 2020.
1143:
report in 2007 noted that: "Ukraine recorded one of the sharpest declines in poverty of any transition economy in recent years. The poverty rate, measured against an absolute poverty line, fell from a high of 32% in 2001 to 8% in 2005." The
6245:
hryvnia per US$ 1 β 22 (2015), 7.97 (2009), 5.05 (2007), 5.05 (2006), 5.13 (2005), 5.33 (May 2004), 5.30 (October 2002), 5.59 (February 2000), 5.3811 (January 2000), 4.1304 (1999), 2.4495 (1998), 1.8617 (1997), 1.8295 (1996), 1.4731 (1995)
4799:
Although typically known as the industrial base of the Soviet Union, agriculture is a large part of Ukraine's economy. Ukraine is one of the world's largest agricultural producers and exporters and is known as the breadbasket of Europe.
4073:
foreign investors. Furthermore, the biggest Ukrainian companies feature a considerable higher average headcount (35β600 vs. 6β600 employees) and lower productivity (EUR 47β000 revenue per employee vs. EUR 207β000 for the whole region).
4595:
hardware engineering and production. Besides the design and production of passenger and transportation aircraft, Ukraine has a network of aircraft repair enterprises, including companies involved in the recovery of military planes and
3707:
In 2019, China replaced Russia as the largest single-nation trading partner with Ukraine achieved $ 50.06 billion in export and $ 60.78 billion in import. Ukraine was the leading agricultural goods provider in the Chinese market.
3691:
Until recently, Russia was Ukraine's largest trading partner with 25.7% of exports and 32.4% of imports in 2012. In 2012, 24.9% of exports and 30.9% of imports were to and from the EU. In 2013, 35.9% of Ukrainian exports went to
5557:
of 2012β2013, "the country's most important challenge is the needed overhaul of its institutional framework, which cannot be relied on because it suffers from red tape, lack of transparency, and favouritism." In reports by the
4435:. Ukraine's location at the intersection of Europe, Russia, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea provides its ample natural resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, as well as significant potential for hydro and biomass energy.
4627:
of all designs makes nearly 1,000 units each year. Most of produced devices are exported. The main buyers of Ukrainian-made ultra-light aircraft are the United States, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, etc..
8969:
1298:
The turnover of retail trade in Ukraine in 2014 shrank by 8.6% (from 2013) and shrank by 20.7% in 2015 (from 2014). Ukraine saw a 30.9% decline in exports in 2015, mainly because of a sharp decline in production output in
10365:
5404:
5380:
law allowing foreigners to purchase businesses and property, to repatriate revenue and profits, and to receive compensation if the property is nationalised by a future government. Complex laws and regulations, poor
4548:
vehicles were manufactured in Zaporizhzhia and engines with air-cooling in Melitopol. In 2011β2012, the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant started serial full-scale production of two new models of vehicle, the
1282:
subject to the bringing into law of 19 further reform measures. Some western analysts believed that large foreign loans were not encouraging reform, but enabling the corrupt extraction of funds out of the country.
4471:
measures including lower industrial gas consumption. Reform of the still inefficient and opaque energy sector is a major objective of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank programs with Ukraine.
5712:
In 2022, the sector with the highest number of companies registered in Ukraine is Services with 512,393 companies followed by Wholesale Trade and Manufacturing with 288,072 and 93,637 companies respectively.
1359:
against a deficit of $ 1.3 billion in the same period in 2015. According to Ukraine's State Statistics Service, inflation in 2016 came down to 13.9%; while it had stood at 43.3% in 2015 and at 24.9% in 2014.
1215:
The Ukrainian economy recovered in the first quarter of 2010 due to the recovery of the world economy and increasing prices for metals. Ukraine's real GDP growth in 2010 was 4.3%, leading to a per-capita
7112:
6852:
8599:
8345:[7 February 2014 the National Bank of Ukraine will introduce a commemorative coin 'Liberation of Nikopol from fascist invaders' into circulation] (in Ukrainian). 7 February 2014. Archived from
5150:
Ukraine ranks eighth among the world's nations in terms of the Internet speed with the average download speed of 1,190 kbit/s. Five national providers of fixed (DSL, ADSL, XDSL) internet access β
9929:
4260:
exploitation. Coal reserves in Ukraine amount to 47.1 billion tons. The annual domestic demand for coal as fuel is about 100 million tons, of which 85 percent can be satisfied by domestic production.
10087:
7851:
From the mid-1500s one saw the second historical period of European orientation as 'increasing demand for grain on the European markets Ukraine earning its reputation as the breadbasket of Europe'.
5673:. The resulting revenues are channelled to environmental protection activities, but enforcement of this pollution fee system is lax. Industrial pollution remains a considerable problem in Ukraine.
3704:
37.502 billion. In 2017 almost half of Ukraine's exports were provided by the agrarian complex and food industry, slightly more than 20% by metallurgy and nearly 10% by machine building products.
10430:
9473:
8507:
1163:
chemicals, and food. Between 2001 and 2008, metals and chemicals prices boomed because of fast international economic growth, while the price of natural gas imported from Russia remained low.
7449:
4513:
Ukraine automobile manufacturers produces diesel locomotives, tractors, trucks, buses, trolleybuses, own-designed cars and trams. There are 12 automobile manufacturers in Ukraine, including
5666:
4648:. The An-132 is developed jointly with Saudi's Taqnia Aeronautics Company, featuring western avionics and engines. The roll out and first flight is due at the beginning of January 2017.
4567:
LAZ used to be one of the major bus manufacturers in Ukraine. It manufactured city buses, coach buses, trolley buses, and special purpose buses. The company has been defunct since 2014.
13192:
12075:
10758:
7156:
1325:$ 2.526 billion entered the Ukrainian economy via remittances in 2015, 34.9% less than in 2014. $ 431 million was sent from Ukraine to elsewhere using remittances. In January 2016,
4707:
Ukraine is one of the 10 largest shipbuilding countries in Europe. There are 49 shipbuilding companies registered in Ukraine. They are able to build a wide range of vessel types:
401:
6408:
10369:
7517:
11670:
9382:
9159:
4608:
aircraft is now one of the most prospective projects for the Ukrainian plane manufacturing industry with 35 units manufactured since 2009 (together with Russian production).
9037:
7305:
4811:, a major global producer of grain and sugar, and future global player on meat and dairy markets. It is one of the largest producers of nuts. Ukraine produces more natural
10892:
9224:
9080:
4483:
principles, supporting sustainable energy development, and attracting investment for energy projects of common and regional interest. INOGATE was discontinued in 2016.
1307:(the two regions of the Donbas). These two regions were responsible for 40.6% of the total export-decline rate. Before the war they had been two of the more industrial
9338:
993:
7901:
5183:
The mobile-cellular telephone system's expansion has slowed, largely due to saturation of the market which has reached 144 mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people.
1076:
left much of Ukraine as an area of tentatively militarised outposts, prior to tsarist Russia's extension of its power into the region in the 17th and 18th centuries.
13232:
10547:
4291:, both of which are needed for the production of semiconductors. It is estimated that over 90% of U.S. semiconductor-grade neon supplies are imported from Ukraine.
1428:
the issue. IMF assessment teams had not visited Kyiv for eight months, which is necessary for further IMF loan tranches to be released. In February 2021, economist
4619:
was designed by Antonov ANTK and made in 1988. The gross production of light and ultra light planes in Ukraine does not exceed 200 units per annum. Production of
13317:
13312:
13307:
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13287:
13282:
13277:
13272:
13267:
13262:
13257:
9312:
8286:
4455:, and its pipeline system has been a crucial player in European energy supply, despite recent diversification of transit routes by Russian oil companies such as
7108:
7052:
6860:
3700:
went to the EU and 15% to CIS countries. Overall Ukraine increased its exports by 20% in 2017. The growth of imports was faster than the rate of export growth.
8879:
8340:
1377:
2017 World Bank statement projected growth of 2% in 2017, of 3.5% in 2018, and of 4% in 2019 and 2020. Inflation in Ukraine in 2017 was 13.7% (12.4% in 2016).
1128:
in September 1996 and pledged to keep it stable in relation to the U.S. dollar. The currency remained unstable through the late 1990s, particularly during the
9779:
8607:
7317:
10325:
9933:
5433:
7362:
5385:, weak enforcement of contract law by courts, and corruption, continued to prevent direct large-scale foreign investment in Ukraine. There is a functioning
8263:
4839:
In March 2020, Ukraine's parliament lifted a ban on the sale of farmland. The land market was fully opened for the first time independence on 1 July 2021.
4251:
others. Industry accounted for 26% of GDP in 2012. Ukraine has a massive high-tech industrial base, including electronics, armaments, and space programme.
11195:
6786:
5076:
As for 2019, the number of IT specialists involved in the IT industry of Ukraine reached 172,000 people. The share of IT industry in Ukraine's GDP is 4%.
4730:
into a long-term decline. This lasted until 1999 and was mostly due to a minimum volume of state shipbuilding orders. Between 1992 and 2003, Ukraine's 11
10573:
9174:
6261:
5432:
Many companies, owned by foreigners, have been successfully operating in Ukraine since its independence. These include companies in agriculture, such as
10438:
13087:
11959:
10613:
9406:
4600:. In March 2007, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine created the state aircraft building concern Aviation of Ukraine (SACAU), which is governed by the
1292:
85:
77:
9356:
8017:
5368:
In 2008, the country joined World Trade Organization. Ukraine applied for WTO membership in 1993, but its accession process was stalled for 15 years.
5237:) are known to come to Ukraine to purchase products and presents, such as food or gasoline, that are cheaper in Ukraine than in their home countries.
10434:
11439:
8473:
5245:
Ukraine has impressive landscapes, ruins of ancient castles, historical parks, vineyards where they produce native wines, unique structures such as
13337:
11066:
10817:
9797:
7457:
6277:
5685:
5586:
5362:
1393:
9816:
8705:
8581:
1072:
for example, sometimes saw plundering as more important than fostering economic development. In the 16th to 18th centuries, the wastelands of the
13524:
10506:
10179:
11002:
10482:
9454:
5692:
The Russo-Ukrainian War significantly impacts the environmental situation. Thirty-six thousand tons of waste, including toxic chemicals such as
13202:
12006:
9279:
9038:"Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine β Ukraine improved 7 positions and is ranked #64 (out of 190 States) in World Bank Doing Business 2020 report"
8438:
8408:
7473:
6368:
4833:
4384:
4000:
980:
10766:
8322:
7160:
6941:
13110:
10595:
4149:
1369:
economic downturn. Donetsk and Luhansk (the conflict zone) saw industrial production falling by 32% and 42% respectively. On the other hand,
934:
235:
105:
7066:
1228:
976:
9005:
8774:
8632:
397:
382:
11020:
10431:"Ukraine: Land market, formation, development trends β Farmland now remains almost the only big asset that is not actually privatized yet"
5439:
In 2016, foreign direct investment in Ukraine's economy amounted to $ 3.8 billion in 2016, which was almost twice more than in 2015.
13899:
12682:
12599:
9155:
8558:
6437:
5352:
4177:
1278:
11479:
10791:
10717:
8054:
8050:
7233:
1448:
522:
505:
11303:
Throughout the 1990s, structural conditionalityβincluding on privatizationβexpanded significantly in Ukraine's programs with the Fund.
10135:
13146:
9841:
8650:
8190:
1186:
240:
10270:
10247:
9433:
8898:
8499:
7664:
1355:
had increased by 17.3%. Simultaneously the National Bank of Ukraine reported a $ 406 million surplus in Ukraine's JanuaryβJune 2016
1266:
Early in February 2014, the National Bank of Ukraine changed the hryvnia into a fluctuating/floating currency in an attempt to meet
13197:
13130:
11775:
11677:
11044:
10401:
10157:
9392:
6787:"Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine β Ministry of Economy: Exports of Ukrainian goods in 2021 have reached a record USD 68.24 billion"
4479:
energy programme, which had four key topics: enhancing energy security, convergence of member state energy markets on the basis of
1196:
946:
10201:
5125:
and the sixth largest number of sailors from any country. They are attracted by the high salaries of more than $ 1,000 per month.
4746:
were a crucial recent development in Ukraine's shipbuilding industry. Within the Mykolaiv Special Economic Zone, enterprises like
4696:
1423:
ruled that anti-corruption legislation, including the mandatory electronic declaration of income, was unconstitutional. President
1258:
Due to the loss of Ukraine's largest trading partner, Russia, over the annexation of Crimea in March 2014, and exacerbated by the
14272:
14219:
13499:
12536:
12124:
10896:
8529:
5254:
4601:
1085:
1042:
7631:
4560:
The Bogdan Corporation is a leading Ukrainian automobile-manufacturing group, including several car- and bus-makers of Ukraine.
4540:
ZAZ (Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant) is the main automobile-manufacturer of Ukraine, based in the south-eastern city of
13207:
13182:
13080:
12217:
11969:
9686:
8304:
7525:
6878:
6808:
6348:
3979:
1157:
1097:
992:
stated that Ukraine's economic growth rate was 2.3% in 2016, ending the recession. Despite these improvements, Ukraine remains
81:
11163:[All documents of the "Legislation of Ukraine" database (as of May 22, 2021) / Legislation of Ukraine] (in Ukrainian).
9197:
8386:
7814:
the main reason Athens extended so many rights of participatory democracy to lower-class male citizens who served in its navy.
4131:
11296:
10670:
9635:
8342:
7 Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 2014 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ³ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌ'ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡ 'ΠΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π³Π°ΡΠ±Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ²'
6696:
6583:
6282:
4326:
717:
10697:
9342:
8861:
5197:
4865:(35.8 million metric tons (35,200,000 long tons; 39,500,000 short tons)), after the U.S., China, Brazil, and Argentina;
14267:
13529:
12224:
11268:"Foreign investment in Ukraine in 2016 estimated at $ 3.8 bln Foreign investment in Ukraine in 2016 estimated at $ 3.8 bln"
7911:
6642:
4452:
3696:
countries, including eight countries other than Ukraine. Simultaneously, exports to EU countries was 26.6% of all exports.
1319:
761:
8117:
7080:
14014:
13217:
12155:
11944:
11922:
11707:
11440:"Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part"
10551:
8756:
8186:
6381:
4676:
4480:
4431:
Due to Ukraine's large population and its significant energy consumption, it is one of the largest energy markets on the
1348:
957:
11235:
11120:
8921:
8204:
5166:
are currently operating in Ukraine. Every regional centre and large district centre has a number of local providers and
4925:(1.6 million metric tons (1,600,000 long tons; 1,800,000 short tons)), after China, India, South Korea, and Russia;
14137:
12810:
12087:
12034:
12001:
11996:
11863:
11138:
9023:
7695:
6663:
6307:
5859:
5111:
4953:(841 thousand metric tons (828,000 long tons; 927,000 short tons)), after China, Uzbekistan, the U.S., and Russia;
3693:
1392:
reported that 662,000 Ukrainians received EU residence permits in 2017, with 585,439 issued by Poland. The head of the
1204:
811:
162:
10944:
9316:
8679:
7229:
13559:
13073:
12740:
12280:
12104:
11848:
11326:
11070:
10061:
9491:
8829:
7874:
7837:
7799:
7494:
6675:
5389:, but portfolio investment activities have been restricted by a historic lack of protection of shareholders' rights.
1436:
On 21 July 2022, Ukraine devalued the Ukrainian hryvnia by 25% against the U.S. dollar due to the economic impact of
1065:
9129:
8346:
7429:
7341:
6543:
4119:
13889:
13222:
12080:
10110:
9881:
8947:
7575:
7554:
7325:
5961:
11267:
10329:
9570:
8664:
7649:
7385:
4960:(775 thousand metric tons (763,000 long tons; 854,000 short tons)), second only to Canada, Russia, and China;
4893:(13.9 million metric tons (13,700,000 long tons; 15,300,000 short tons)), which is used to produce sugar and
1139:, but beginning in 2001, seven straight years of economic growth, raised the living standard for most citizens. A
1104:. The new state's economy suffered huge output declines and soaring inflation in the following years. Ukraine saw
535:
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing
12675:
12387:
11853:
11417:
10964:
9517:
8987:
7721:
7409:
7281:
5550:
4460:
1420:
1190:
264:
7134:
13989:
13399:
12447:
12437:
11912:
11543:
11503:
11203:
11084:
9293:
9250:
8730:
8031:
6962:
6919:
5955:
4492:
1049:
to the Mediterranean world β became important. Mineral resources encouraged industrialisation β notably in the
566:
and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food products
270:
167:
11316:
11286:
10299:
7248:
5601:
come to work in Ukraine, mainly in seasonal farm work and construction industry, especially from neighbouring
4879:(22.5 million metric tons (22,100,000 long tons; 24,800,000 short tons)), second only to China and India;
4463:, the latter's dependence on Russian gas supplies has dramatically affected its economics and foreign policy.
14097:
14064:
14019:
13054:
12947:
12760:
12285:
12114:
11907:
11100:
10986:
10843:
6899:
5925:
5681:
5554:
5141:
5129:
4820:, its agricultural industry has huge potential. Farmland remains the only major asset in Ukraine that is not
4652:
1315:
1129:
258:
9410:
5392:
As of April 2011, total foreign direct investment stock in Ukraine stood at $ 44.7 billion. Statistics from
5065:. By 2017, there were 13 research and development centres of global companies located in Ukraine, including
14024:
13599:
13013:
12785:
12399:
12357:
12331:
12195:
12185:
12109:
11954:
11939:
11768:
11360:
9661:
9360:
8234:
6769:
6323:
6319:
5717:
5246:
4939:(1.3 million metric tons (1,300,000 long tons; 1,400,000 short tons)), second only to China and India;
1452:
1235:
425:
413:
11702:
10525:
9745:
7954:
14262:
13854:
12309:
12092:
12016:
11450:
11177:
9995:
9964:
9285:
7038:
6874:
6804:
6522:
6489:
6416:
5512:
5462:
5121:
About 100,000 Ukrainians regularly work on foreign merchant ships, one of the largest group of Ukrainian
5062:
4974:(137 thousand metric tons (135,000 long tons; 151,000 short tons)), second only to China and Russia;
4390:
4370:
4322:
4300:
1437:
1267:
1009:
802:
10454:
9107:
8810:
6631:
14167:
13934:
13869:
13829:
13125:
13028:
12980:
12872:
12867:
12668:
12531:
12364:
12270:
12229:
12119:
11934:
10491:
6990:
6856:
5847:
5487:
4394:
3720:
11217:
11160:ΠΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
"ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ" (ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° 22 ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Ρ 2021 Ρ.) / ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ
5429:
on 25 January 2013. The $ 10 billion deal was the largest foreign direct investment ever for Ukraine.
5396:
show that Ukraine suffered a year on year decline in foreign direct investment between 2010 and 2013.
4397:, a state owned conglomerate of over 130 companies. These companies include Soviet era giants such as
12097:
12070:
11619:
11143:[About the formation of the state enterprise "Invest Ukraine"] (in Ukrainian). Archived from
11006:
7094:
5377:
5356:
5286:
4267:
In 2019, Ukraine was the 7th largest world producer of iron ore, the world's 8th largest producer of
1472:
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1992β2023. Inflation below 5% is in green.
1337:
887:
685:
8446:
4655:
since 1992. The agency includes 30 enterprises, scientific research institutes, and design offices.
1373:, located over 1000 km from the conflict, posted the largest jump in employment in the nation.
1212:
notes a "large number of unregistered or underemployed workers". Ukraine's GDP fell by 15% in 2009.
1148:
noted that Ukraine had overcome absolute poverty, and that there was only relative poverty in 2009.
13724:
13624:
13187:
13096:
12985:
12832:
12361:
11902:
11858:
11475:
11158:
11027:
10743:[The volume of the Ukrainian IT market may amount to 3.6 billion - report] (in Ukrainian).
10248:"MAYGER Development & Consulting β Shipbuilding in Ukraine: Investments and Government Support"
8226:
7558:
7138:
6949:
6938:
6639:
5343:
sales have soared, while the banking sector has expanded, thanks to the arrival of European banks.
5295:
5282:
4777:
4318:
3853:
1117:
9728:
7981:
4544:. Passenger car manufacturing in Ukraine started in 1959. From 1960 to 1994, a total of 3,422,444
1329:
rated Ukraine's economy as the 41st most innovative in the world, down from 33rd in January 2015.
1046:
13939:
13924:
13909:
13749:
13464:
13120:
12990:
12952:
12571:
12414:
12382:
12351:
12190:
12160:
12044:
11761:
11569:
11076:
10702:[Ukraine in fourth place in the world in the number of IT professionals] (in Ukrainian).
9762:
9711:
8023:
5889:
5669:
and has introduced a pollution fee system that levies taxes on air and water emissions and solid
4691:
4405:
which came into existence in the 1990s. Ukraine is among the top 10 arms exporters in the world.
4330:
4110:
1271:
1217:
1185:
Domestic demand grew in constant prices by almost 15% annually. It was supported by expansionaryβ
1001:
822:
363:
145:
8988:"Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine β State Statistics Service: Real GDP growth in Q3 made up 4.2%"
7726:
New Eastern Europe β A bimonthly news magazine dedicated to Central and Eastern European affairs
1341:
13954:
13894:
13809:
13694:
13574:
13539:
13379:
13247:
13151:
12932:
12606:
12442:
12392:
9588:
7182:
5546:
5422:
5262:
4664:
4422:
4082:
3711:
1247:
1220:
GDP of US$ 6,700. In 2011, Ukrainian politicians estimated that 40% of Ukraine's economy was a
633:
133:
11595:"Two years of ecocide: uncovering Russia's destruction of Ukraine and its global consequences"
9055:
4663:
carrier rocket. The National Space Agency of Ukraine is involved in cooperation with American
4103:
1263:
and the World Bank anticipated a 12% shrinkage. The World Bank forecast growth of 1% in 2016.
1239:
1025:
Geography has long influenced the economy of the Ukrainian lands. Rich fertile soils (such as
14157:
13959:
13919:
13794:
13784:
13759:
13734:
13704:
13684:
13594:
13534:
13494:
13424:
13353:
12902:
12862:
12842:
12822:
12725:
12546:
12409:
12326:
12180:
11984:
11285:
Elborgh-Woytek, Katrin; Lewis, Mark W. (2002). "Conditionality in Ukraine's funds programs".
6311:
5581:
5576:
4771:
4641:
4611:
The aircraft were engineered by the Antonov Scientific and Production Complex Design Office (
4564:
buses (re-badged Isuzu models) are used as the primary small buses in most Ukrainian cities.
1444:
1333:
1121:
997:
11642:
11052:
9081:"Ambassador Maasikas: IMF, EU financial aid, visa-free travel depend on fighting corruption"
8144:
6514:
14152:
14034:
13944:
13929:
13814:
13764:
13659:
13644:
13614:
13414:
13404:
13018:
12837:
12541:
12494:
12404:
12321:
12295:
12207:
12200:
12170:
12058:
11892:
11875:
11843:
11367:
9056:"Ukraine's GDP fell by 4.4 pct in 2020: Ukrainian national bank β Xinhua | English.news.cn"
7866:
The Political Economy of Independent Ukraine: Slow Starts, False Starts, and a Last Chance?
7829:
The Political Economy of Independent Ukraine: Slow Starts, False Starts, and a Last Chance?
5883:
5871:
5680:
in 1986. In accordance with its previously announced plans, Ukraine permanently closed the
5382:
5361:
In 1992, Ukraine became a member of the IMF and the World Bank. It is also a member of the
5096:
5084:
4616:
1243:
908:
289:
8180:
5209:
billion β΄, or 2.2% of GDP and directly supported 351,500 jobs (1.7% of total employment).
5176:
Over 16 million Ukrainians had Internet access in 2012, growing to 22 million in 2015. In
5061:
In 2017, Ukraine emerged as the top outsourcing destination of the year, according to the
3714:
is Ukraine's biggest import and the main cause of the country's structural trade deficit.
8:
14192:
14187:
14177:
14082:
14054:
13974:
13969:
13949:
13859:
13844:
13779:
13744:
13639:
13579:
13554:
13549:
13519:
13484:
13479:
13449:
13429:
13333:
13227:
13038:
13023:
12970:
12917:
12912:
12887:
12745:
12611:
12419:
12346:
12341:
12143:
12129:
11991:
10274:
9275:
7610:
6569:
6272:
5145:
4468:
4358:
1424:
1356:
13008:
10405:
10351:
9859:
7999:
7306:"Russia sets off trade war to prevent Ukraine from signing agreement with EU, says UDAR"
6046:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5636:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5325:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
5154:, Vega Telecom, Datagroup, Ukrnet, Volia, and 3 national operators of mobile internet β
4984:
It produced 4.4 million metric tons (4,300,000 long tons; 4,900,000 short tons) of
4212:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
14182:
14132:
14122:
14112:
14107:
14102:
14087:
14077:
14072:
14039:
14029:
13994:
13914:
13824:
13799:
13789:
13774:
13719:
13714:
13669:
13649:
13609:
13564:
13474:
13469:
13444:
13419:
13409:
13389:
13384:
12892:
12852:
12805:
12800:
12790:
12775:
12770:
12765:
12750:
12735:
12730:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12705:
12635:
12594:
12526:
12429:
12374:
12290:
12265:
11964:
11793:
11647:
10844:"UNIT.City presented a report on the IT sector of Ukraine: main figures and indicators"
10205:
8148:
7490:
6829:
6287:
5996:
5967:
5701:
5684:
in December 2000. In November 2001, Ukraine withdrew an application it had made to the
5677:
5659:
5278:
5192:
5115:
4793:
4755:
4751:
4739:
4561:
4522:
4350:
1308:
1209:
1170:
1110:
930:
100:
13343:
11288:
Privatization in Ukraine: Challenges of Assessment and Coverage in Fund Conditionality
10649:
Bothmer, Roland von; van Hintum, Theo; KnΓΌpffer, Helmut; Sato, Katuhiro, eds. (2003).
10366:"German expert: Sunflower oil grows in price in Ukraine due to its low world reserves"
9687:"Ukraine increased gas production by 0.9% - up to 18.7 bcm in 2023 β EXPRO Consulting"
8843:
8792:
8068:
7771:
7053:"S&P cuts Ukraine's foreign currency rating to CCC due to debt restructuring plan"
7039:"S&P cuts Ukraine's foreign currency rating to CCC due to debt restructuring plan"
14202:
14172:
14147:
14127:
14117:
14092:
14049:
14004:
13999:
13964:
13884:
13879:
13849:
13834:
13769:
13739:
13699:
13679:
13664:
13629:
13619:
13489:
13459:
13454:
13434:
13394:
13161:
13033:
12975:
12937:
12927:
12907:
12897:
12882:
12877:
12857:
12827:
12795:
12780:
12755:
12691:
12469:
12464:
12452:
12336:
12275:
12255:
11974:
11885:
11594:
11399:
11322:
11292:
11080:
10916:
10874:
10744:
10676:
10666:
10617:
9968:
9613:
9289:
8027:
7870:
7833:
7795:
7746:
6725:
6579:
5019:
It produced 300 thousand metric tons (300,000 long tons; 330,000 short tons) of
5012:
It produced 396 thousand metric tons (390,000 long tons; 437,000 short tons) of
5005:
It produced 418 thousand metric tons (411,000 long tons; 461,000 short tons) of
4998:
It produced 467 thousand metric tons (460,000 long tons; 515,000 short tons) of
4991:
It produced 883 thousand metric tons (869,000 long tons; 973,000 short tons) of
4672:
4426:
4398:
4342:
1416:
1274:. In 2014 and 2015, the hryvnia lost about 70% of its value against the U.S. dollar.
1125:
304:
45:
11743:
11381:
11342:
10910:
10738:
9911:
5585:
as it might have adverse economic effects. On 29 May 2014, Ukraine entered into the
3721:
List of major private owned companies, not considering banks and insurance companies
14197:
14162:
14142:
14044:
13984:
13904:
13874:
13819:
13804:
13729:
13689:
13674:
13654:
13634:
13604:
13589:
13569:
13514:
13509:
13439:
13156:
12922:
12847:
12817:
12644:
12616:
12561:
12556:
12551:
12370:
11880:
11868:
10818:"Ukraine As a Bright Spot on Central and Eastern Europe Software Development Scene"
10599:
10062:"ΠΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ²Π°ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡ-ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π£ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ½ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ"
9641:. Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Ukrainian Geological Survey
9108:"Back me or put IMF loans and EU visa-free deal at risk, Ukraine's president warns"
8847:
8796:
8208:
6853:"Kyiv's gas strategy: closer cooperation with Gazprom or a genuine diversification"
6599:
5990:
5919:
5766:
5724:
5670:
5393:
5155:
4679:
4534:
961:
336:
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4234:
1429:
13979:
13864:
13839:
13754:
13709:
13584:
13544:
13504:
13212:
12521:
12459:
12165:
11917:
8368:
8256:
8162:
7864:
7827:
7789:
6945:
5035:
5031:
4781:
4545:
4086:
3942:
1200:
1178:
1057:
1056:
The lack of secure borders meant repeated interruptions in economic development.
942:
14236:
11270:. Ukrainian Society for Non-Destructive Testing. 23 January 2017. Archived from
9930:"Π£ΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° 9 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄"
7902:"Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Resolution On Declaration of Independence of Ukraine"
5568:
signed in 1982 by the Soviet Union has cost Ukraine billions of U.S. dollars of
1336:
was a key test for continued international support. In February 2016, historian
14226:
13358:
13115:
12649:
12584:
12474:
12212:
12175:
11927:
11897:
11838:
11446:
10915:[More than half of Ukrainians do not use the Internet] (in Ukrainian).
10460:
9387:
9225:"CPI 2023 for Eastern Europe & Central Asia: Autocracy & weak justiceβ¦"
8469:
8125:
8103:
8099:
7906:
6924:[Regional volumes of foreign trade in services1 for 9 months of 2018].
6904:[Regional volumes of foreign trade in goods in JanuaryβNovember 2018].
6544:"Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) β Ukraine"
6352:
5835:
5598:
5376:
To encourage foreign trade and investment, the Ukrainian Parliament approved a
5291:
5122:
4883:
4851:
4747:
4633:
4605:
4554:
4069:
4065:
3790:
1381:
1380:
Since about 2015, there has been a growing number of Ukrainians working in the
1326:
1304:
1300:
1145:
1105:
1069:
1034:
953:
11245:
10991:[Tourist flows] (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Committee of Ukraine.
6697:"Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate) β Ukraine"
5079:
According to the IT sector report of 2019, Ukraine is the largest exporter of
4886:(14.1 million metric tons (13,900,000 long tons; 15,500,000 short tons));
4872:(24.6 million metric tons (24,200,000 long tons; 27,100,000 short tons));
4842:
14256:
12011:
11517:
11048:
10680:
8326:
8308:
8212:
7958:
7614:
7368:
7016:
6340:
6002:
5979:
5853:
5412:
5400:
5257:. The Carpathian Mountains suitable for skiing, hiking, fishing and hunting.
5226:
4821:
4808:
4720:
4645:
4579:
4354:
4243:
3874:
1405:
1364:
1259:
1227:
In the summer of 2013, Ukrainian exports to Russia fell substantially due to
1038:
984:
938:
737:
11144:
10759:"IT INDUSTRY: Why Ukraine is fast becoming a leading global tech powerhouse"
9383:"Ukraine's Biggest Trading Partners: Countries β Bloomberg Best (and Worst)"
8793:"State Statistics Service: Inflation in Ukraine in 2016 slows down to 12.4%"
8287:"Armed pro-Russian insurgents in Luhansk say they are ready for police raid"
7450:"Π ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ"
6233:
grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables, beef, milk, natural Honey.
956:
and a fall in economic output to less than half of the GDP of the preceding
14241:
13237:
13166:
13065:
10930:
10792:"SHARE OF IT INDUSTRY OF UKRAINIAN ECONOMY IS 4% OF GDP β ECONOMY MINISTER"
9882:"Coke production in Ukraine fell by 59% in 2022 β Infographic β GMK Center"
9544:
9202:
8185:[N. Korolevskaya: Ukraine Needs a Single Anti-Corruption Project].
7669:
7477:
7095:"Scope affirms Ukraine's long-term issuer rating in foreign currency at SD"
6901:Π Π΅Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ²Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ½ΡβΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Ρ 2018 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ
6344:
6008:
5943:
5841:
5802:
5760:
5655:
5386:
5173:
2011 revenues from Internet service providing in Ukraine reached β΄ 4.75 bn
5167:
4932:(1.4 million metric tons (1,400,000 long tons; 1,500,000 short tons));
4918:(2.3 million metric tons (2,300,000 long tons; 2,500,000 short tons));
4911:(2.7 million metric tons (2,700,000 long tons; 3,000,000 short tons));
4904:(7.3 million metric tons (7,200,000 long tons; 8,000,000 short tons));
4727:
4716:
4541:
4497:
4401:
aircraft design bureau that was opened in 1945, to newer companies such as
3963:
3958:
1221:
1166:
1101:
11493:
10631:
10065:
9798:"Low on gas: Ukraine invasion chokes supply of neon needed for chipmaking"
8323:"World Bank keeps its forecast for Ukraine's economy growth at 1 per cent"
7683:
standards stagnate, while a handful of oligarchs have become billionaires.
7486:
4946:(985 thousand metric tons (969,000 long tons; 1,086,000 short tons));
4375:
4313:, steel, and pipes. Among its economy leading companies in that field are
1332:
In May 2016, the IMF mission chief for Ukraine, Ron van Rood, stated that
1270:
requirements and to try to enforce a stable price for the currency in the
13363:
13348:
11823:
7157:"Ukraine becomes world's third biggest grain exporter in 2011 β minister"
6349:
Ukraine declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991
6336:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5569:
5564:
in 2010 and 2011 respectively, a "double taxation avoidance" treaty with
5250:
5218:
5080:
4804:
out of 112 nations measured in terms of overall agricultural production.
4656:
4620:
4346:
4042:
3832:
1242:(poor quality and very high credit risk) in September 2013. At the time,
1073:
1030:
860:
53:
10949:[Half of the population of Ukraine has access to the Internet].
9999:
8880:"Growth of consumer prices in Ukraine accelerates to almost 14% in 2017"
7632:"Ukraine's Economy is Recovering Modestly Despite Significant Headwinds"
7589:
6921:Π Π΅Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ²Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ1 Π·Π° 9 ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΠ² 2018 ΡΠΎΠΊΡ
5501:
5451:
4981:(127 thousand metric tons (125,000 long tons; 140,000 short tons));
4967:(393 thousand metric tons (387,000 long tons; 433,000 short tons));
1250:
over the next five years at 50%. In 2013, Ukraine saw no growth in GDP.
964:, and a good education system. It also has important mineral resources.
12589:
12579:
12514:
11979:
11828:
11813:
11747:
11318:
Determinants of Inflation in a Transition Economy-. The Case of Ukraine
11271:
9574:
8582:"Ukraine's public debt at 79% of GDP by end of 2015 β Finance Ministry"
8051:"Reforming the Ukrainian Economy under Yanukovych: The First Two Years"
7863:
Havrylyshyn, Oleh (2016). "Nature of the Economy before Independence".
7826:
Havrylyshyn, Oleh (2016). "Nature of the Economy before Independence".
7635:
7393:
6730:[The average salary in Ukraine in April 2024 was UAH 21,809.].
6704:
6671:
6607:
6575:
6445:
6315:
5984:
5931:
5895:
5796:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5222:
5151:
5013:
4890:
4700:
4668:
4624:
4597:
4587:
was the largest aircraft in the world prior to its destruction in 2022.
4047:
3916:
3858:
3769:
3717:
Exports of Ukrainian goods in 2021 reached a record US$ 68.24 billion.
1352:
1291:
defaults on a $ 3 billion debt payment to Russia that formed part of a
1177:
An effect of this was that Ukrainian assets began to look like a large
1140:
989:
843:
514:
354:
10383:
7626:
7624:
7518:"Ukraine to deploy troops to quash pro-Russian insurgency in the east"
1234:
By October 2013, the Ukrainian economy had become stuck in recession.
11949:
11808:
11403:
11385:
11346:
11240:
11178:"Ukraine set to sign landmark $ 10 billion shale gas deal with Shell"
10878:
10658:
9915:
8970:"China, Russia, Germany top list of Ukraine's trade partners in 2019"
8121:
8019:
Unconventional Gas Reservoirs: Evaluation, Appraisal, and Development
7309:
7142:
6830:"State Committee of Commerce and Industry. Foreign economic activity"
5949:
5560:
5426:
5419:
4971:
4817:
4708:
4660:
4592:
4550:
4505:
4314:
4310:
4268:
3895:
3748:
1026:
968:
285:
12660:
11737:
11218:"UPDATE 1-Ukraine signs landmark $ 10 bln shale gas deal with Shell"
4682:
rocket was designed and is manufactured in Ukraine by Yuzhnoye SDO.
11753:
11498:
11199:
10662:
10180:"Ukraine's manufacturer Antonov presents new cargo aircraft AN-132"
8372:
8073:
7621:
6571:
Europe Central Asia Economic Update, Spring 2020: Fighting COVID-19
5973:
5907:
5901:
5877:
5865:
5811:
5790:
5730:
5230:
5163:
5159:
5066:
5027:
in addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.
4943:
4908:
4743:
4731:
4402:
4276:
4272:
4021:
3937:
3753:
1389:
1287:
10507:"China Rejecting U.S. Corn as First Shipment From Ukraine Arrives"
9455:"Export of Ukrainian goods and services to EU down by 25% in 2015"
7067:"Moody's downgrades Ukraine's ratings to Ca with a stable outlook"
6745:
6380:
The data for the 2009 fiscal year is missing due to the fact that
12509:
12504:
12489:
12484:
11784:
11221:
11181:
10614:"Ukraine Lawmakers Approve Key Legislation With Eye On IMF Funds"
10577:
10526:"Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions"
10300:"Ukraine Allows Farmland Sales For First Time Since Independence"
10040:"Bogdan Corporation - Ukrainian National Automobile Manufacturer"
8844:"World Bank affirms Ukraine's GDP growth forecast for 2017 at 2%"
8706:"Economic minister's resignation plunges Ukraine into new crisis"
8503:
7285:
7159:(Press release). Black Sea Grain. 20 January 2012. Archived from
5913:
5736:
5606:
5602:
5258:
5234:
4985:
4936:
4922:
4894:
4612:
4530:
4476:
4456:
4288:
4280:
4239:
1136:
925:
921:
563:
14220:
Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China
10158:"Antonov presented first production An-178 at Ukraine Avia Fest"
7869:. Studies in Economic Transition. London: Springer. p. 24.
7832:. Studies in Economic Transition. London: Springer. p. 18.
6939:
https://www.bank.gov.ua/control/en/publish/category?cat_id=44466
5083:
in Europe, and ranks among the 25 most attractive countries for
4766:
12499:
11833:
10136:"Ukrainian Aircraft Corporation set up on the basis of Antonov"
10088:"Paper says Ukraine, Russia reducing rivalry over arms markets"
8633:"Money flow from Ukrainian migrant workers halves to $ 2.5 bln"
8500:"Ukraine won't repay $ 3 billion Russian debt due this weekend"
7982:"Economic Analysis and Evaluation β Publications & Reports"
7971:
President's Decree dated 26 August 1996, published on 29 August
7794:. New Oxford World History. New York: Oxford University Press.
7593:
7555:"Amid staggering destruction, eastern Ukraine looks to rebuild"
7282:"Big debts and dwindling cash: Ukraine tests creditors' nerves"
6384:
is transitioning for the international standards of accounting.
6364:
5937:
5772:
5693:
5565:
5046:
5020:
4978:
4950:
4915:
4901:
4876:
4637:
4432:
3774:
1385:
1061:
1050:
1005:
972:
14227:
Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu
10402:"Ukraine Produces World's Greatest Amount of Honey Per Capita"
9814:
9175:"Ukraine devalues hryvnia currency by 25% against U.S. dollar"
8775:"Ukraine posts $ 406 mln surplus in balance of payments in H1"
8467:
7410:"Ukraine PM tells Russia to accept "reality" of EU trade deal"
1109:
declines and soaring inflation was at the time common to most
1012:
in 2022 further deteriorated the country's crumbling economy.
11818:
11712:
10703:
10648:
10574:"IMF praises Ukraine's decisions on land reform, banking law"
10039:
9845:
9458:
9198:"Ukraine economy could shrink by up to 35% in 2022, says IMF"
9006:"Ukraine making largest payment on debt in 2019 at $ 1.1 bln"
8883:
8865:
8636:
8562:
8533:
8166:
6727:Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π² Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ 2024 ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 21809 Π³ΡΠ½.
6189:
395,000,000 barrels (62,800,000 m) (1 January 2006 est.)
5415:
for investors and to deliver investment consulting services.
5266:
4999:
4992:
4929:
4869:
4862:
4812:
4712:
4651:
The space rocket industry in Ukraine has been managed by the
3879:
1340:
assessed progress in reducing corruption as poor as of 2016.
11544:"Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources"
10740:ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ³ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ’-ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈ 3,6 ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΄Π° β Π·Π²ΡΡ
9492:"100 Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΉ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ 2020 β Forbes.ua"
9307:
9305:
8559:"Ukraine sees 30.9% decline in exports in 11 months of 2015"
8439:"Ukraine, IMF agree terms to resume financial support β IMF"
8409:"What Ukraine must do to get another $ 1.7 billion IMF loan"
8387:"Ukraine may get USD 1.7 bln from IMF by mid-year β Moody's"
6994:
6278:
List of Ukrainian administrative divisions by GRP per capita
9994:
9963:
8603:
6750:[Average salary in Ukraine] (in Ukrainian). Work.ua
5784:
5778:
5697:
5202:
5177:
5106:
5070:
5051:
4526:
4518:
4380:
4284:
4026:
4005:
3984:
3921:
3900:
3837:
3816:
3811:
3795:
1370:
1113:, but Ukraine was among the hardest hit by these problems.
69:
33:
11476:"EU-Ukraine Association Agreement fully enters into force"
10596:"IMF finally confirms new $ 5 billion program for Ukraine"
10021:
8205:"Azarov: Shadow trade accounts for 40% of domestic market"
1285:
Since December 2015, Ukraine has refused to pay and hence
1084:
For the history of Ukraine's economy in Soviet times, see
14222:, participating as "Hong Kong, China" and "Macao, China".
9842:"Ukraine's 2016 exports of titanium ore up 57.1% on year"
9302:
8305:"Ukraine's Government Report: Economy down 10.4% in 2015"
8045:
8043:
6014:
5589:, that reached its full application on 1 September 2017.
5531:
5006:
4964:
4957:
4514:
4183:
Average monthly salary in November 2021 (ranks by region)
1135:
Deep recession during the 1990s led to a relatively high
73:
9817:"Russia could hit U.S. chip industry, White House warns"
8680:"Corruption is Stalling Ukraine's Optimistic Revolution"
7611:"Ukraine conflict taking heavy toll on economy says IMF"
7224:
7222:
7220:
9662:"Iron ore production in the Ukraine and major projects"
9434:"Year's balance: thorny road to bright economic future"
8219:
7665:"Welcome to Ukraine, the most corrupt nation in Europe"
7430:"Putin 'deserves medal' for pushing Ukraine towards EU"
7218:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7200:
5542:
of reforms, threatening to withdraw financial support.
5346:
5261:β is the largest ski resort in Ukraine situated in the
5240:
4846:
Agricultural output of Ukraine since 1961, in 2015 US$
4632:
Currently, Antonov is working on two cargo planes: the
11637:
11635:
11633:
11343:"Ukraine signs agreement on free trade zone with EFTA"
11140:ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΌΡΡΠ²Π° "ΠΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°"
9912:"Ukraine may become world's sixth biggest arms trader"
8040:
7696:"Ukraine: Can meaningful reform come out of conflict?"
6781:
6779:
4591:
Ukraine is one of nine countries with a full cycle of
4475:
Ukraine was a partner country of the European Union's
4309:
Ukraine has a major ferrous metal industry, producing
13213:
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
10893:"Pando Networks Releases Global Internet Speed Study"
10455:"Russia's Collective Farms β Hot Capitalist Property"
9815:
Alexandra Alper; Alexandra Alper (11 February 2022).
9472:
Zeneli, Valbona; Haluhan, Nataliia (4 October 2019).
9173:
Zinets, Natalia; Vasovic, Aleksandar (21 July 2022).
9122:
8913:
8862:"World Bank: Ukraine's economy may grow 3.5% in 2018"
7590:"Ukraine's Economy Contracted By 6.8 Percent In 2014"
4357:. Production of coke dropped tremendously due to the
967:
In October 2013, the Ukrainian economy lapsed into a
11738:
Ukrainian Ministry of Economic Development and Trade
10912:ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ
9906:
9904:
9902:
9156:"IMF puts Ukraine on pause over corruption concerns"
9106:
Zinets, Natalia; Polityuk, Pavel (2 November 2020).
8922:"Losing Brains and Brawn: Outmigration from Ukraine"
8530:"Ukraine sees 20.7% decline in retail trade in 2015"
8474:"How Western aid enables graft addiction in Ukraine"
8264:
International Organization of Securities Commissions
8257:"Report on the Activities of Credit Rating Agencies"
8118:"Unemployment lower in Ukraine against EU countries"
7719:
7197:
6064:
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
1182:
other structural change, and financial development.
14225:
Officially the Republic of China, participates as "
11630:
11284:
10699:Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π° β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ’-ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²
10642:
9339:"Structure of Ukrainian exports invariable in 2013"
9274:
8436:
8432:
8430:
7949:
7605:
7603:
6776:
6262:
List of Ukrainian oblasts and territories by salary
5676:Significant environmental problems result from the
5492:
4283:in 2018. Ukraine supplies about 50% of the world's
1253:
10550:. Agriculture.com. 21 October 2014. Archived from
10490:
10453:
10425:
10423:
10102:
9780:"World Uranium Mining β World Nuclear Association"
9589:"Ukraine - Resources, Power, Economy | Britannica"
8963:
8961:
8924:. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
8811:"The Ukrainian economy is not terrible everywhere"
8182:Π ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ.
7947:
7945:
7943:
7941:
7939:
7937:
7935:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7361:
5689:EBRD Board was to have considered final approval.
5272:
4574:
4279:. Ukraine was the world's 9th largest producer of
1086:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Β§ Economy
9899:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9422:
9420:
9166:
9099:
8948:"China becomes Ukraine's largest trading partner"
8723:
8697:
8651:"These Are the World's Most Innovative Economies"
8491:
7318:"Ukraine Leader Ignores Putin Warning on EU Path"
7230:"The Underachiever: Ukraine's Economy Since 1991"
6770:"Ukraine β Individual β Taxes on personal income"
5405:State Agency for Investment and National Projects
4615:ANTK). The largest single airplane in the world,
4325:, and others. As of 2012, Ukraine is the world's
14254:
10965:"Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)"
10946:ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ
10368:. UkrAgroConsult β BlackSeaGrain. Archived from
10242:
10240:
10238:
8427:
8163:"Ukraine β Macroeconomic situation β April 2010"
8015:
7751:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank
7720:Pikulicka-Wilczewska, Agnieszka (19 July 2017).
7700:Bruegel | The Brussels-based economic think tank
7600:
7484:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7270:
6252:β΄6,000/ ~$ 210 per month (from 2021 to 2001β01)
6183:469,600 barrels per day (74,660 m/d) (2004)
6177:214,600 barrels per day (34,120 m/d) (2004)
6171:284,600 barrels per day (45,250 m/d) (2006)
5363:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
4095:
1451:; the country was rated 104th out of 180 in the
1415:In 2020, Ukraine's GDP fell by 4.4%, due to the
1394:National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine
941:. It grew rapidly from 2000 until 2008 when the
782:β΄1.1 trillion / β¬37 bil. / $ 39 bil. (2017)
11172:
11170:
10903:
10420:
9449:
9447:
9130:"NBU says no IMF tranche for Ukraine this year"
9073:
8958:
8100:"US Dollar ($ ) β¨ Ukrainian Hryvnia (UAH)]"
7926:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6165:90,400 barrels per day (14,370 m/d) (2006)
4164: Higher GNI per capita compared to Ukraine
10692:
10690:
9417:
9281:A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples
9105:
8139:
8137:
8135:
6822:
5442:
4834:annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
4170: Lower GNI per capita compared to Ukraine
1322:rated 20β25% of Ukrainian households as poor.
1079:
708:Abroad: $ 7.59 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
14063:
13081:
12676:
11769:
11695:
11361:"The Global Competitiveness Report 2012β2013"
10590:
10294:
10292:
10235:
10108:
9471:
9172:
8899:"Eastern Europe Feeds on a Shrinking Ukraine"
8677:
7474:"Does Russia Have a Secret Plan for Ukraine?"
7267:
6482:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024"
6409:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019"
6351:, and before 1917 they were both part of the
6310:escalated into the war in Donbas between the
5180:, 90% of the population had internet access.
4064:The 2016 Ranking of the Top 500 companies of
805:Extended Funds Facility: $ 2.2 billion (1998)
13095:
11620:"Industry Breakdown of Companies in Ukraine"
11167:
9474:"Why China is Setting its Sights on Ukraine"
9444:
9251:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
8941:
8939:
8872:
8757:"Real wages in Ukraine grow by 7.2% in June"
8155:
6839:
6600:"GINI index (World Bank estimate) β Ukraine"
6226:1.075 trillion cubic m (1 January 2006 est.)
5587:European UnionβUkraine Association Agreement
5545:On 24 June 2010, Ukraine's Foreign Minister
5371:
4752:Chornomorskyi (Black Sea) Shipbuilding Plant
971:. The previous summer, Ukrainian exports to
907:All values, unless otherwise stated, are in
700:$ 67.22 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
11671:"WorldBank ECA Economic Update Spring 2019"
11449:. 29 May 2014. p. 2135. Archived from
11196:"Shell for shale: Ukraine signs major deal"
11072:Ukraine: The Search for a National Identity
10687:
10202:"Aircraft and airspace industry of Ukraine"
8890:
8731:"Ukraine sets sights on foreign investment"
8671:
8553:
8551:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8543:
8461:
8401:
8379:
8132:
8094:
8092:
7862:
7825:
7650:"GDP per capita (Current US$ ) | Data"
7549:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7511:
7509:
7507:
7342:"Russia hits at Ukraine with chocolate war"
6932:
6867:
6797:
5781:β Oil & Gaz, Basic Materials, Utilities
5353:Ukraine and the International Monetary Fund
4807:Ukraine is the world's largest producer of
4659:is in general responsible for creating the
4341:Another important branch was the country's
1467:
1293:December 2013 UkrainianβRussian action plan
1041:. The maintenance of trade corridors β the
13088:
13074:
12683:
12669:
11776:
11762:
11314:
11121:"Ukraine suffers year-on-year FDI decline"
10358:
10289:
10227:Bergin, Chris (25 February 2008). "none".
8967:
8896:
8627:
8625:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8315:
8055:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
7955:"Why is Ukraine's economy in such a mess?"
7297:
7295:
7246:
7234:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
6985:
6983:
6403:
6401:
4928:It was the 11th largest world producer of
4914:It was the 13th largest world producer of
4416:
1316:Ministry of Economic Development and Trade
27:
10523:
10483:"Ukraine agrees $ 3bn loan-for-corn deal"
10265:
10263:
10261:
10111:"Why Ukraine needs Russia more than ever"
9659:
8936:
8919:
8703:
8284:
7722:"Why the reforms in Ukraine are so slow?"
7055:. The New Voice of Ukraine. 7 April 2023.
6509:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6499:
5579:was criticised by Mark Varga, writing in
5128:Every major Ukrainian coastal city has a
5041:
4977:It was the 6th largest world producer of
4970:It was the 3rd largest world producer of
4963:It was the 7th largest world producer of
4956:It was the 4th largest world producer of
4949:It was the 5th largest world producer of
4942:It was the 6th largest world producer of
4935:It was the 3rd largest world producer of
4921:It was the 5th largest world producer of
4907:It was the 7th largest world producer of
4900:It was the 7th largest world producer of
4889:It was the 7th largest world producer of
4875:It was the 3rd largest world producer of
4868:It was the 8th largest world producer of
4861:It was the 5th largest world producer of
4451:Ukraine has been a key transit point for
3676:
3668:
3660:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3469:
3461:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3331:
3323:
3315:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3124:
3116:
3108:
3055:
3047:
3039:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2917:
2909:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2641:
2633:
2625:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2503:
2495:
2487:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2227:
2219:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1810:
1802:
1746:
1738:
1679:
1620:
952:The depression during the 1990s included
770:
746:
491:
345:
323:
315:
11228:
11045:"Shopping tours gaining pace in Ukraine"
10979:
10869:
10867:
10865:
10786:
10784:
10517:
8785:
8540:
8497:
8369:"Ukraine teeters a few steps from chaos"
8249:
8145:"Ukraine Economy β GDP real growth rate"
8089:
7662:
7570:
7568:
7540:
7504:
5290:
5196:
5105:
5045:
5034:began in 1910 and now supplies improved
4841:
4787:
4776:
4770:A Ukrainian T-150K tractor built by the
4765:
4695:
4578:
4553:(a re-badged Chinese Chery A13) and the
4504:
4496:
4374:
4275:, and 7th largest producer worldwide of
4254:
4233:
1351:reported that, compared with June 2015,
790:β΄1.1 tril. / β¬38 bil. / $ 41 bil. (2017)
11418:"Exposed: Ukraine's Massive Witch Hunt"
11278:
11065:
10352:"Corn Production by Country in 1000 MT"
9407:"Ukraine β Trade β European Commission"
9357:"Export destinations of Ukraine (2012)"
9195:
8945:
8897:Bershidsky, Leonid (20 February 2019).
8622:
8569:
8498:Vasileva, Nataliya (18 December 2015).
8197:
8173:
7772:"Ukraine Country Assistance Evaluation"
7576:"Ukraine economy expected to shrink 8%"
7515:
7292:
6980:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6438:"World Bank Country and Lending Groups"
6398:
5612:
5549:signed a free trade agreement with the
4882:It was the world's largest producer of
4854:, mostly in the South-Western regions.
1043:route from the Varangians to the Greeks
900:$ 40.507 billion (1 Mar 2024 est.)
14255:
13183:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
11260:
10451:
10258:
10226:
9990:
9988:
9986:
9959:
9957:
9955:
9953:
9951:
9729:"USGS Manganese Production Statistics"
9162:from the original on 16 February 2021.
8968:Korniienko, Artur (16 February 2020).
7787:
7497:from the original on 10 February 2016.
6879:The Observatory of Economic Complexity
6809:The Observatory of Economic Complexity
6640:HDRO (Human Development Report Office)
6496:
5707:
5678:Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster
5532:Legal environment and economic support
4501:A LAZ-5208DL built by Lviv Bus Factory
4486:
1238:downgraded Ukraine's credit rating to
13069:
12690:
12664:
11757:
11506:from the original on 10 October 2010.
11482:from the original on 14 October 2019.
10862:
10781:
9763:"USGS Graphite Production Statistics"
9746:"USGS Titanium Production Statistics"
9712:"USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics"
9636:"Ukraine Critical Minerals Portfolio"
7565:
7386:"Putin warns Ukraine against EU pact"
6850:
6626:
6624:
6562:
6283:List of Ukrainian subdivisions by GRP
996:, which some have attributed to high
636:), machinery and equipment, chemicals
11783:
11432:
10452:Kramer, Andrew E. (31 August 2008).
10445:
8827:
8600:"How to overcome poverty in Ukraine"
8016:M. Rafiqul Islam (7 November 2014).
7663:Bullough, Oliver (6 February 2015).
7017:"Rating: Ukraine Credit Rating 2023"
6643:United Nations Development Programme
6459:
6026:
6022:
5658:, in 1921 and has programs to breed
5616:
5496:
5446:
5347:International financial institutions
5305:
5241:Recreational tourism and sightseeing
4336:
4192:
4076:
1443:Despite improvements, as in Moldova
1320:Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine
1120:replaced the national currency, the
327:0.4% on less than $ 3.20/day (2020f)
141:$ 197,8 billion (nominal, 2024 est.)
13193:Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
11708:State Statistics Service of Ukraine
10489:. 19 September 2012. Archived from
10000:"Ukraine β Countries & Regions"
9983:
9948:
9024:"Credit rating (07 September 2019)"
8946:Istrate, Dominik (1 October 2019).
8437:Alessandra Prentice (18 May 2016).
8285:Grytsenko, Oksana (12 April 2014).
8187:Foundation for Effective Governance
8069:"Ukraine and Russia reach gas deal"
7127:
7115:from the original on 5 January 2024
6738:
6382:State Statistics Service of Ukraine
6369:under dispute by Russia and Ukraine
6126:Electricity β production by source:
5212:
4742:, foremost at enterprises based in
4703:β a passenger ship built in Ukraine
4364:
1438:ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine
1349:State Statistics Service of Ukraine
977:stricter border and customs control
13:
11908:Revolution and War of Independence
11711:. 14 February 2009. Archived from
11315:Lissovolik, Bogdan (1 June 2003).
11051:. 23 December 2009. Archived from
10524:Gutterman, Steve (18 March 2014).
10404:. WNU. August 2013. Archived from
9518:"An era of digital transformation"
9341:. 24 December 2013. Archived from
9288:. pp. 563/564 & 722/723.
8678:Andrew Wilson (14 February 2016).
8510:from the original on 11 March 2016
8193:from the original on 3 March 2016.
7992:
7524:. Associated Press. Archived from
7485:Kramar Oleksandr (6 August 2013).
7249:"THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE"
6621:
6089:Industrial production growth rate:
5999:β Oil & Gas, Consumer services
5860:Kryukiv Railway Car Building Works
5592:
5112:Kriukiv Railway Car Building Works
4726:The USSR's collapse put Ukraine's
1229:Russia's stricter customs controls
1158:2008β09 Ukrainian financial crisis
1116:In response to hyperinflation the
36:, the financial capital of Ukraine
14:
14284:
14229:", and "Chinese Taipei" in short.
13203:Trade-Related Investment Measures
11731:
11202:. 25 January 2013. Archived from
11021:"Travel & Tourism in Ukraine"
9542:
8262:. The Technical Committee of the
8211:. 7 December 2011. Archived from
8124:. 12 January 2009. Archived from
7247:Liventseva, Hanna (17 May 2022).
7083:. Fitch Ratings. 20 January 2023.
6851:Sarna, Arkadiusz (15 July 2013).
6220:57.09 billion cubic m (2006 est.)
6208:73.94 billion cubic m (2006 est.)
6202:20.85 billion cubic m (2006 est.)
5481:
5135:
5090:
5050:Ukrainian National IT Factory in
4784:resembles the nation's farmlands.
4738:State support and the opening of
4345:which included the production of
4294:
1053:β from the 19th century onwards.
730:β$ 3.752 billion (2018 est.)
14235:
13525:Democratic Republic of the Congo
12225:UkraineβEuropean Union relations
12081:Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine
11923:West Ukrainian People's Republic
11663:
11612:
11587:
11562:
11536:
11510:
11486:
11468:
11410:
11392:
11374:
11353:
11335:
11308:
11210:
11188:
11151:
11131:
11113:
11093:
11059:
11037:
11013:
10995:
10957:
10937:
10923:
10885:
10836:
10810:
10751:
10731:
10710:
10624:
10606:
10584:
10566:
10540:
10499:
10475:
10394:
10376:
10344:
10318:
10271:"Shipbuilding of Ukraine (2007)"
10220:
10194:
10172:
10150:
10128:
10080:
10054:
10032:
10014:
9922:
9874:
9852:
9834:
9808:
9790:
9772:
9755:
9738:
9721:
9704:
9679:
9653:
9628:
9606:
9581:
9563:
9536:
9510:
9484:
9465:
9399:
9375:
9349:
9331:
9268:
9243:
9217:
9196:Elliott, Larry (14 March 2022).
9189:
9148:
9048:
9030:
9016:
8998:
8980:
8920:Kiryukhin, Denys (14 May 2019).
7910:. 24 August 1991. Archived from
7516:Leonard, Peter (14 April 2014).
7456:. 16 August 2013. Archived from
7392:. 23 August 2013. Archived from
7324:. 24 August 2013. Archived from
6374:
6358:
6329:
6085:4% in 2018 (below US$ 5.5/day).
6031:
5970:β Consumer services, Industrials
5962:Ukrainian Automobile Corporation
5916:β Agriculture & Shipbuilding
5621:
5500:
5493:Insurance business and companies
5450:
5310:
5110:An EKr-1 multiple unit built by
4756:61 Communards Shipbuilding Plant
4461:2014 RussiaβUkraine gas disputes
4442:
4197:
4176:
4142:
4130:
4118:
4102:
3675:
3667:
3659:
3652:
3651:
3644:
3643:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3619:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3574:
3567:
3566:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3550:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3497:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3481:
3468:
3460:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3413:
3412:
3399:
3391:
3383:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3343:
3330:
3322:
3314:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3290:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3274:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3205:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3136:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3067:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3031:
3030:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3014:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2929:
2916:
2908:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2892:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2876:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2860:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2791:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2722:
2709:
2701:
2693:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2653:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2584:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2523:
2516:
2515:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2446:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2308:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2239:
2226:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2170:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2048:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2032:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1963:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1894:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1825:
1809:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1745:
1737:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1678:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1638:
1619:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1458:
1254:Post-Euromaidan: 2014 to present
896:
895:
851:
850:
830:
829:
769:
745:
726:
725:
704:
703:
696:
695:
618:
617:
549:
548:
490:
450:
449:
442:
441:
420:
419:
389:
388:
373:
372:
344:
322:
314:
124:
123:
11570:"Chernobyl Shuts Down for Good"
11321:. International Monetary Fund.
11291:. International Monetary Fund.
10548:"Ukraine Grain Exports To Rise"
10328:. Nation Master. Archived from
10304:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
9409:. 17 March 2015. Archived from
9391:. 17 March 2015. Archived from
8854:
8836:
8821:
8803:
8767:
8749:
8657:
8643:
8592:
8522:
8361:
8333:
8297:
8278:
8110:
8061:
8009:
8000:"Human Development Report 2009"
7974:
7965:
7894:
7856:
7819:
7781:
7764:
7739:
7713:
7688:
7656:
7642:
7582:
7240:
7175:
7149:
7101:
7087:
7081:"Fitch Affirms Ukraine at 'CC'"
7073:
7059:
7045:
7031:
7009:
6963:"General government gross debt"
6955:
6912:
6892:
6762:
6718:
6689:
6632:"Human Development Index (HDI)"
6300:
5682:Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station
5551:European Free Trade Association
5273:Financing, banking, investments
5255:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine
4723:, liquefied gas carriers, etc.
4685:
4644:D, a redesigned version of the
4575:Aircraft and aerospace industry
4246:, Ukrainian rocket manufacturer
1421:Constitutional Court of Ukraine
1151:
1091:
622:$ 54.1 billion (2020 est.)
14273:Economies of Europe by country
13900:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
12007:Annexation of Crimea by Russia
11864:PolishβLithuanian Commonwealth
11522:askania-nova-zapovidnik.gov.ua
10109:Nicolai Petro (9 March 2016).
9551:. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc
9498:(in Ukrainian). 1 October 2020
8828:Thor, Anatoliy (14 May 2017).
8005:. HDR 2009 Statistical Tables.
6664:"Labor force, total β Ukraine"
6656:
6592:
6536:
6430:
5956:Ukraine International Airlines
5301:
5253:. Officially, there are seven
4761:
4493:Automotive industry in Ukraine
4137:Ukraine's population from 1950
4125:Ukraine's GDP (PPP) per capita
1020:
975:substantially declined due to
750:$ 47.9 billion (Apr 2018)
1:
11105:[Direct investment].
8704:Alec Luhn (4 February 2016).
6391:
6214:4 billion cubic m (2006 est.)
5874:β Shipbuilding, arms industry
5555:Global Competitiveness Report
5536:
5142:Telecommunications in Ukraine
5030:Professionalised, scientific
4653:State Space Agency of Ukraine
4602:Ministry of Industrial Policy
4323:Ilyich Steel & Iron Works
4229:
4096:Ukrainian economy in graphics
1130:1998 Russian financial crisis
994:the poorest country in Europe
801:: $ 0.4 billion (2006);
12537:Intangible Cultural Heritage
11955:Eastern Front (World War II)
11940:Ukrainian National Committee
10513:. Bloomberg. 6 January 2014.
8665:"Most Innovative: Countries"
8389:. Ukraine Today. 13 May 2016
7069:. Moody's. 10 February 2023.
7041:. Yahoo! News. 7 April 2023.
6875:"Import partners of Ukraine"
6805:"Export partners of Ukraine"
5718:List of companies of Ukraine
4509:A modern Electron T5L64 tram
4327:tenth largest steel producer
1453:Corruption Perceptions Index
1098:established its independence
1000:levels and the slow pace of
454:57.1% employment rate (2018)
424:36 out of 100 points (2023,
414:Corruption Perceptions Index
216:$ 6,380 (nominal, 2024 est.)
7:
14268:Economic history of Ukraine
13198:Technical Barriers to Trade
11913:Ukrainian People's Republic
11494:"Moldova's economic exiles"
10326:"Ukraine Agriculture Stats"
9996:International Energy Agency
9965:International Energy Agency
9932:. Ukrinform. Archived from
9860:"Chemicals - UkraineInvest"
9660:kgi-admin (24 March 2023).
9313:"WTO Trade Profile Ukraine"
9286:University of Toronto Press
6523:Central Intelligence Agency
6490:International Monetary Fund
6417:International Monetary Fund
6266:
6239:seafood, pork, beef, grain
6091:6% (2007 est.), 6.5 (2008)
5443:Monetary policy and banking
5101:
5063:Global Sourcing Association
4850:Ukraine also produces some
4557:(a re-badged Daewoo Aveo).
4371:Defense industry of Ukraine
4301:Metal production in Ukraine
1191:RussiaβUkraine gas disputes
1096:On 24 August 1991, Ukraine
1080:Soviet period: 1917 to 1991
1010:Russian Invasion of Ukraine
803:International Monetary Fund
106:Upper-middle income economy
10:
14289:
13126:International Trade Centre
11935:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
9136:. Berlin. 14 November 2020
7791:Democracy: A World History
7185:. World Trade Organisation
7135:"Macroeconomic indicators"
7109:"National Bank of Ukraine"
6857:Centre for Eastern Studies
6747:Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ
6442:datahelpdesk.worldbank.org
6259:
5848:Industrial Union of Donbas
5715:
5488:Stock exchanges in Ukraine
5485:
5350:
5276:
5190:
5186:
5139:
5116:is heavily used in Ukraine
5094:
4689:
4490:
4467:nuclear power, as well as
4420:
4391:Ukraine's defence industry
4368:
4298:
4271:, 6th largest producer of
4188:
4080:
1419:. On 27 October 2020, the
1155:
1083:
1047:access through the Straits
1015:
979:by Russia. The early 2014
676:Czech Republic 2.3% (2021)
553:$ 68.2 billion (2021)
14215:
13372:
13326:
13246:
13175:
13139:
13103:
13047:
12999:
12961:
12698:
12629:
12570:
12428:
12317:
12308:
12251:
12242:
12151:
12142:
12066:
12057:
12027:
11801:
11792:
11744:Trade Summary for Ukraine
10796:Ukraine open for business
8235:Moody's Investors Service
7907:Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
7183:"World Trade Report 2013"
6324:Luhansk People's Republic
6320:Donetsk People's Republic
6040:This section needs to be
5630:This section needs to be
5553:(EFTA). According to the
5372:Foreign direct investment
5357:The World Bank in Ukraine
5319:This section needs to be
5287:The World Bank in Ukraine
4636:, a cargo version of the
4481:EU internal energy market
4453:EU imports of Russian gas
4242:, produced by the former
4206:This section needs to be
1197:Ukraine suffered severely
1169:also helped to drive the
904:
885:
809:
794:
786:
778:
759:
754:
734:
715:
683:
640:
626:
613:
570:
557:
544:
539:
529:
512:
499:
486:
463:Labor force by occupation
461:
432:
411:
361:
334:
300:
283:
249:
226:
219:$ 17,143 (PPP, 2024 est.)
207:
176:
155:
132:
119:
114:
91:
63:
51:
41:
26:
13500:Central African Republic
13131:Chronology of key events
13111:Accession and membership
13097:World Trade Organization
12367:hybrid variant (2020-22)
12156:Administrative divisions
11859:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
11236:"Most Successful Expats"
11159:
11139:
11101:
11077:Rowman & Littlefield
10987:
10945:
10911:
10739:
10698:
9969:"Ukraine energy profile"
9614:"Mining - UkraineInvest"
8341:
8181:
7578:. Yahoo. 2 October 2014.
7139:National Bank of Ukraine
6950:National Bank of Ukraine
6920:
6900:
6746:
6726:
6578:. 2020. pp. 77β78.
6293:
6256:Average salary by region
6115:10.07 billion kWh (2005)
6109:181.9 billion kWh (2006)
6103:192.1 billion kWh (2006)
5808:FED β Aerospace industry
5296:National Bank of Ukraine
5283:List of banks in Ukraine
4158: Ukraine (3 000 $ )
3854:ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih
3686:
1468:Main economic indicators
1279:four-year loan programme
1118:National Bank of Ukraine
1029:areas) made the area a "
13121:Dispute Settlement Body
12002:2014 pro-Russian unrest
11548:Reforms Delivery Office
9549:Encyclopædia Britannica
8024:Gulf Publishing Company
7454:ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Π°
6952:Retrieved 18 June 2018.
5667:Ministry of Environment
4692:Shipbuilding in Ukraine
4417:Fuel and energy complex
4331:World Steel Association
3896:Mironivsky Hliboproduct
1447:remains an obstacle to
1347:Late in July 2016, the
1334:reduction of corruption
1201:economic crisis of 2008
1111:former Soviet republics
1060:and other conquerors β
1002:economic liberalisation
364:Human Development Index
13223:Information Technology
13218:Government Procurement
13152:Doha Development Round
12741:Bosnia and Herzegovina
12607:Immigration to Ukraine
12281:Science and technology
12230:UkraineβNATO relations
11382:"High Price Of Havens"
8830:"Investing in Ukraine"
7788:Kaplan, Temma (2014).
7747:"The slow-reform trap"
6237:Agriculture β imports:
6231:Agriculture β exports:
5547:Kostyantyn Hryshchenko
5509:This section is empty.
5459:This section is empty.
5403:was created under the
5298:
5263:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
5247:Saint Sophia Cathedral
5217:Ukraine's neighbours (
5205:
5118:
5054:
5042:Information technology
4847:
4796:
4785:
4774:
4754:(defunct since 2021),
4704:
4657:Pivdenne Design Bureau
4588:
4510:
4502:
4423:Natural gas in Ukraine
4387:
4247:
4083:Natural gas in Ukraine
523:β΄22,000 / β¬521 / $ 550
506:β΄21,809 / β¬519 / $ 545
13530:Republic of the Congo
13354:Supachai Panitchpakdi
12017:2022 Russian invasion
11985:Revolution of Dignity
10651:Diversity in Barley (
9784:www.world-nuclear.org
9571:"Industry of Ukraine"
8667:. Bloomberg Business.
8653:. Bloomberg Business.
8227:"Ratings Definitions"
7487:"Caught in a Zeitnot"
6318:of the self-declared
6260:Further information:
6121:20 billion kWh (2006)
5582:The National Interest
5577:lustration in Ukraine
5575:The 2014 campaign of
5294:
5200:
5109:
5095:Further information:
5049:
4845:
4791:
4780:
4772:Kharkiv Tractor Plant
4769:
4748:Damen Shipyards Okean
4699:
4582:
4508:
4500:
4378:
4369:Further information:
4299:Further information:
4255:Mining and production
4237:
1500:(in Bil. US$ nominal)
1445:corruption in Ukraine
1037:as well as for early
823:Standard & Poor's
236:111th (nominal, 2024)
14015:United Arab Emirates
12388:Freedom of the press
12125:World Heritage Sites
12120:Islands and sandbars
11893:Pereiaslav Agreement
11876:Zaporozhian Cossacks
11844:Principality of Kiev
11715:on 15 September 2002
11400:"The Money Carousel"
11368:World Economic Forum
11274:on 31 December 2010.
11055:on 20 February 2011.
10665:. pp. XIX+280.
10495:on 10 December 2022.
10441:on 25 February 2011.
9577:on 31 December 2010.
9345:on 25 December 2013.
9158:. 16 February 2021.
7914:on 30 September 2007
7561:. 28 September 2014.
7019:. countryeconomy.com
6944:18 June 2018 at the
6515:"The World Factbook"
6312:Ukrainian government
5993:β Telecommunications
5987:β Telecommunications
5884:METRO Cash&Carry
5880:β Telecommunications
5872:Kuznia na Rybalskomu
5868:β Telecommunications
5751:β Consumer Services
5613:Environmental issues
5597:A number of foreign
5383:corporate governance
5097:Transport in Ukraine
5085:software development
4617:Antonov An-225 Mriya
4571:low-floor tramways.
4393:is organised around
1342:Aivaras AbromaviΔius
1277:The IMF agreed to a
1006:institutional reform
981:annexation of Crimea
945:began worldwide and
642:Main import partners
572:Main export partners
501:Average gross salary
163:58th (nominal, 2024)
13990:Trinidad and Tobago
13890:St. Kitts and Nevis
13400:Antigua and Barbuda
13334:Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
13228:Marrakesh Agreement
12962:States with limited
11992:Russo-Ukrainian War
11683:on 18 December 2019
11456:on 16 December 2016
11206:on 28 October 2020.
11125:fDiIntelligence.com
11009:on 6 December 2013.
10881:. 24 February 2012.
10718:"Exploring Ukraine"
10554:on 25 February 2022
9998:(19 January 2020).
9918:. 27 February 2010.
9363:on 27 December 2014
9319:on 21 February 2014
9276:Paul Robert Magocsi
8349:on 21 February 2014
7253:Tierra y TecnologΓa
6997:on 25 November 2015
6991:"Budget of Ukraine"
6863:on 23 October 2013.
6732:index.minfin.com.ua
6308:pro-Russian protest
6273:Industry of Ukraine
5958:β Consumer services
5886:β Consumer services
5826:β Consumer services
5799:β Consumer services
5708:Ukrainian companies
5434:Kyiv-Atlantic Group
5146:Internet in Ukraine
5130:maritime university
4740:free economic zones
4583:The Antonov An-225
4487:Automotive industry
4359:Russo-Ukrainian War
4351:mineral fertilizers
4150:2022 GNI per capita
3737:Revenue (β΄M), 2020
1425:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
1357:balance of payments
1248:default probability
983:by Russia, and the
935:upper-middle income
606:Romania 2.5% (2021)
228:GDP per capita rank
65:Trade organizations
23:
14263:Economy of Ukraine
13560:Dominican Republic
12692:Economy of Europe
12352:Swine flu pandemic
12286:Telecommunications
12076:Biosphere reserves
11965:Chernobyl disaster
11648:CIA World Factbook
11420:. 26 February 2015
11406:. 9 December 2011.
11224:. 24 January 2013.
11184:. 24 January 2013.
11147:on 6 October 2011.
11107:www.ukrstat.gov.ua
10875:"High Seas Danger"
10824:. 14 February 2019
10798:. 13 February 2019
10769:on 25 January 2020
10408:on 18 January 2018
10332:on 8 November 2018
10277:on 3 December 2013
10068:on 16 October 2015
9848:. 12 January 2017.
9593:www.britannica.com
9087:. 13 November 2020
8868:. 10 January 2018.
8610:on 9 November 2018
8565:. 25 January 2016.
8536:. 20 January 2016.
8375:. 5 February 2016.
8329:. 11 January 2016.
8311:. 2 February 2016.
8149:CIA World Factbook
7777:. 8 November 2000.
7617:. 30 October 2015.
7491:The Ukrainian Week
7288:. 17 October 2013.
7145:on 25 August 2010.
6926:www.ukrstat.gov.ua
6906:www.ukrstat.gov.ua
6701:data.worldbank.org
6668:data.worldbank.org
6604:data.worldbank.org
6574:. Washington, DC:
6548:data.worldbank.org
6288:Tourism in Ukraine
5968:Ukrainian Railways
5660:endangered species
5378:foreign investment
5299:
5279:Banking in Ukraine
5206:
5193:Tourism in Ukraine
5119:
5055:
5032:breeding of barley
4848:
4797:
4794:Zakarpattia Oblast
4786:
4775:
4719:(dry cargo ship),
4705:
4589:
4511:
4503:
4433:European continent
4388:
4329:(according to the
4248:
3740:Profit (β΄M), 2020
1540:(in % of GDP)
1309:oblasts of Ukraine
1210:CIA World Factbook
670:United States 3.8%
516:Average net salary
144:$ 531,44 billion (
101:Developing country
18:
14250:
14249:
14211:
14210:
13208:Trade in Services
13162:Quota Elimination
13063:
13062:
12658:
12657:
12625:
12624:
12400:Human trafficking
12358:COVID-19 pandemic
12332:Gender inequality
12304:
12303:
12238:
12237:
12196:Political parties
12186:Foreign relations
12138:
12137:
12053:
12052:
11975:Orange Revolution
11960:Volhynia massacre
11298:978-14519-7-162-0
11127:. 13 August 2013.
10988:Π’ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ
10933:. The World Bank.
10917:Ukrayinska Pravda
10899:on 16 April 2013.
10850:. 30 January 2019
10745:Ukrayinska Pravda
10672:978-0-444-50585-9
10618:Radio Free Europe
10208:on 5 October 2013
10090:. 1 November 2011
9936:on 10 August 2015
9666:Mining Technology
9413:on 17 March 2015.
9395:on 17 March 2015.
9231:. 30 January 2024
9060:www.xinhuanet.com
8886:. 9 January 2018.
8850:. 3 October 2017.
8799:. 6 January 2017.
8737:. 11 October 2016
7986:web.worldbank.org
7522:Yahoo News Canada
7480:. 21 August 2013.
7460:on 30 August 2013
7396:on 27 August 2013
7363:"Trading insults"
7312:. 14 August 2013.
6585:978-14648-1-564-5
6343:were part of the
6316:separatist forces
6061:
6060:
6023:Facts and figures
6011:β Basic materials
5964:β Consumer goods
5814:β Basic Materials
5651:
5650:
5529:
5528:
5479:
5478:
5427:Royal Dutch Shell
5418:Ukraine signed a
5409:National Projects
5399:State enterprise
5340:
5339:
5114:. Rail transport
4667:, as well as the
4427:Energy in Ukraine
4399:Ivchenko-Progress
4343:chemical industry
4337:Chemical industry
4227:
4226:
4077:Natural resources
4059:
4058:
3684:
3683:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1508:(in US$ nominal)
1501:
1493:
1485:
1484:(in Bil. US$ PPP)
1417:COVID-19 pandemic
1314:According to the
1205:45th in the world
917:
916:
840:Outlook: Negative
795:Economic aid
774:94% of GDP (2024)
446:20,203,893 (2019)
302:Population below
241:104th (PPP, 2024)
128:33,365,000 (2024)
14280:
14242:World portal
14240:
14239:
14061:
14060:
13855:Papua New Guinea
13338:Director-General
13233:Doha Declaration
13157:Singapore issues
13090:
13083:
13076:
13067:
13066:
13000:Dependencies and
12699:Sovereign states
12685:
12678:
12671:
12662:
12661:
12638:
12580:Ukrainian people
12315:
12314:
12261:
12249:
12248:
12149:
12148:
12093:Populated places
12064:
12063:
11869:Kiev Voivodeship
11854:GaliciaβVolhynia
11799:
11798:
11778:
11771:
11764:
11755:
11754:
11725:
11724:
11722:
11720:
11699:
11693:
11692:
11690:
11688:
11682:
11676:. Archived from
11675:
11667:
11661:
11660:
11658:
11656:
11639:
11628:
11627:
11616:
11610:
11609:
11607:
11605:
11591:
11585:
11584:
11582:
11580:
11566:
11560:
11559:
11557:
11555:
11540:
11534:
11533:
11531:
11529:
11514:
11508:
11507:
11490:
11484:
11483:
11472:
11466:
11465:
11463:
11461:
11455:
11444:
11436:
11430:
11429:
11427:
11425:
11414:
11408:
11407:
11396:
11390:
11389:
11378:
11372:
11371:
11365:
11357:
11351:
11350:
11339:
11333:
11332:
11312:
11306:
11305:
11282:
11276:
11275:
11264:
11258:
11257:
11255:
11253:
11244:. Archived from
11232:
11226:
11225:
11214:
11208:
11207:
11192:
11186:
11185:
11174:
11165:
11164:
11155:
11149:
11148:
11135:
11129:
11128:
11117:
11111:
11110:
11102:ΠΡΡΠΌΡ ΡΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ
11097:
11091:
11090:
11063:
11057:
11056:
11041:
11035:
11034:
11032:
11026:. Archived from
11025:
11017:
11011:
11010:
11005:. Archived from
10999:
10993:
10992:
10983:
10977:
10976:
10974:
10972:
10967:. The World Bank
10961:
10955:
10954:
10941:
10935:
10934:
10927:
10921:
10920:
10907:
10901:
10900:
10895:. Archived from
10889:
10883:
10882:
10871:
10860:
10859:
10857:
10855:
10840:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10829:
10814:
10808:
10807:
10805:
10803:
10788:
10779:
10778:
10776:
10774:
10765:. Archived from
10755:
10749:
10748:
10747:. 27 March 2013.
10735:
10729:
10728:
10722:
10714:
10708:
10707:
10706:. 27 March 2013.
10694:
10685:
10684:
10646:
10640:
10639:
10628:
10622:
10621:
10620:. 31 March 2020.
10610:
10604:
10603:
10600:Atlantic Council
10594:(10 June 2020).
10588:
10582:
10581:
10570:
10564:
10563:
10561:
10559:
10544:
10538:
10537:
10535:
10533:
10521:
10515:
10514:
10503:
10497:
10496:
10494:
10479:
10473:
10472:
10470:
10468:
10457:
10449:
10443:
10442:
10437:. Archived from
10427:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10413:
10398:
10392:
10391:
10380:
10374:
10373:
10372:on 23 July 2011.
10362:
10356:
10355:
10348:
10342:
10341:
10339:
10337:
10322:
10316:
10315:
10313:
10311:
10296:
10287:
10286:
10284:
10282:
10273:. Archived from
10267:
10256:
10255:
10244:
10233:
10232:
10224:
10218:
10217:
10215:
10213:
10204:. Archived from
10198:
10192:
10191:
10189:
10187:
10176:
10170:
10169:
10167:
10165:
10154:
10148:
10147:
10145:
10143:
10132:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10121:
10106:
10100:
10099:
10097:
10095:
10084:
10078:
10077:
10075:
10073:
10064:. Archived from
10058:
10052:
10051:
10049:
10047:
10036:
10030:
10029:
10018:
10012:
10011:
10009:
10007:
9992:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9976:
9961:
9946:
9945:
9943:
9941:
9926:
9920:
9919:
9908:
9897:
9896:
9894:
9892:
9878:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9867:
9856:
9850:
9849:
9838:
9832:
9831:
9829:
9827:
9812:
9806:
9805:
9794:
9788:
9787:
9776:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9759:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9742:
9736:
9735:
9733:
9725:
9719:
9718:
9716:
9708:
9702:
9701:
9699:
9697:
9683:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9672:
9657:
9651:
9650:
9648:
9646:
9640:
9632:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9610:
9604:
9603:
9601:
9599:
9585:
9579:
9578:
9573:. Archived from
9567:
9561:
9560:
9558:
9556:
9543:Hajda, Lubomyr.
9540:
9534:
9533:
9531:
9529:
9524:. 1 October 2020
9514:
9508:
9507:
9505:
9503:
9488:
9482:
9481:
9469:
9463:
9462:
9461:. 30 March 2016.
9451:
9442:
9441:
9430:
9415:
9414:
9403:
9397:
9396:
9379:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9368:
9359:. Archived from
9353:
9347:
9346:
9335:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9315:. Archived from
9309:
9300:
9299:
9272:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9229:Transparency.org
9221:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9210:
9193:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9182:
9170:
9164:
9163:
9152:
9146:
9145:
9143:
9141:
9126:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9115:
9103:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9092:
9077:
9071:
9070:
9068:
9066:
9052:
9046:
9045:
9034:
9028:
9027:
9020:
9014:
9013:
9002:
8996:
8995:
8984:
8978:
8977:
8965:
8956:
8955:
8943:
8934:
8933:
8931:
8929:
8917:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8906:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8876:
8870:
8869:
8858:
8852:
8851:
8848:Interfax-Ukraine
8840:
8834:
8833:
8825:
8819:
8818:
8807:
8801:
8800:
8797:Interfax-Ukraine
8789:
8783:
8782:
8771:
8765:
8764:
8753:
8747:
8746:
8744:
8742:
8727:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8716:
8701:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8690:
8675:
8669:
8668:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8647:
8641:
8640:
8629:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8615:
8606:. Archived from
8596:
8590:
8589:
8578:
8567:
8566:
8555:
8538:
8537:
8526:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8515:
8495:
8489:
8488:
8486:
8484:
8468:Neil A. Abrams,
8465:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8454:
8445:. Archived from
8434:
8425:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8405:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8394:
8383:
8377:
8376:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8337:
8331:
8330:
8319:
8313:
8312:
8301:
8295:
8294:
8282:
8276:
8275:
8273:
8271:
8266:. September 2003
8261:
8253:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8223:
8217:
8216:
8209:Interfax Ukraine
8201:
8195:
8194:
8177:
8171:
8170:
8159:
8153:
8152:
8141:
8130:
8129:
8128:on 16 July 2011.
8114:
8108:
8107:
8096:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8082:
8077:. 4 January 2006
8065:
8059:
8058:
8047:
8038:
8037:
8013:
8007:
8006:
8004:
7996:
7990:
7989:
7978:
7972:
7969:
7963:
7962:
7951:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7919:
7898:
7892:
7891:
7885:
7883:
7860:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7846:
7823:
7817:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7768:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7732:
7717:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7706:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7679:
7677:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7628:
7619:
7618:
7607:
7598:
7597:
7596:. 20 March 2015.
7586:
7580:
7579:
7572:
7563:
7562:
7551:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7528:on 14 April 2014
7513:
7502:
7498:
7481:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7436:. 30 August 2013
7425:
7423:
7421:
7416:. 28 August 2013
7405:
7403:
7401:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7372:. 24 August 2013
7365:
7357:
7355:
7353:
7348:. 14 August 2013
7337:
7335:
7333:
7322:Voice of America
7313:
7299:
7290:
7289:
7278:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7244:
7238:
7237:
7226:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7168:
7153:
7147:
7146:
7141:. Archived from
7131:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7091:
7085:
7084:
7077:
7071:
7070:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7049:
7043:
7042:
7035:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7002:
6993:. Archived from
6987:
6978:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6959:
6953:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6896:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6871:
6865:
6864:
6859:. Archived from
6848:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6801:
6795:
6794:
6783:
6774:
6773:
6766:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6742:
6736:
6735:
6722:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6693:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6628:
6619:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6540:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6511:
6494:
6493:
6478:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6452:
6434:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6405:
6385:
6378:
6372:
6362:
6356:
6347:since 1922 till
6333:
6327:
6304:
6224:proved reserves:
6187:proved reserves:
6056:
6053:
6047:
6035:
6034:
6027:
6017:β Consumer goods
5991:Vodafone Ukraine
5940:β Consumer goods
5922:β Consumer goods
5904:β Consumer goods
5892:β Consumer goods
5769:β Consumer goods
5646:
5643:
5637:
5625:
5624:
5617:
5524:
5521:
5511:You can help by
5504:
5497:
5474:
5471:
5461:You can help by
5454:
5447:
5423:exploration deal
5411:) to serve as a
5335:
5332:
5326:
5314:
5313:
5306:
5213:Shopping tourism
5156:Vodafone Ukraine
5038:to the country.
4673:first stage core
4604:. Production of
4533:, Electron, and
4365:Defence industry
4222:
4219:
4213:
4201:
4200:
4193:
4180:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4146:
4134:
4122:
4106:
3725:
3724:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3662:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3638:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3622:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3601:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3561:
3554:
3553:
3541:
3540:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3492:
3485:
3484:
3472:
3471:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3415:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3370:
3363:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3309:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3208:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3163:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3139:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3070:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3009:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2940:
2933:
2932:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2782:
2781:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2656:
2644:
2643:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2611:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2558:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2449:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2380:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2173:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1974:
1967:
1966:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1897:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1796:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1764:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1700:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1539:
1537:Government debt
1531:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1474:
1246:rated Ukraine's
899:
898:
890:
889:Foreign reserves
854:
853:
833:
832:
814:
773:
772:
764:
749:
748:
740:
729:
728:
720:
707:
706:
699:
698:
621:
620:
600:Netherlands 2.9%
552:
551:
517:
494:
493:
470:agriculture 5.8%
453:
452:
445:
444:
423:
422:
396:
392:
391:
380:
376:
375:
352:
348:
347:
339:
338:Gini coefficient
326:
325:
318:
317:
307:
296:6.4% (2024 est.)
199:
193:
187:
168:49th (PPP, 2024)
127:
126:
31:
24:
22:
17:
14288:
14287:
14283:
14282:
14281:
14279:
14278:
14277:
14253:
14252:
14251:
14246:
14234:
14207:
14059:
13935:Solomon Islands
13830:North Macedonia
13368:
13344:Roberto AzevΓͺdo
13322:
13249:
13242:
13171:
13135:
13099:
13094:
13064:
13059:
13043:
13001:
12995:
12981:Northern Cyprus
12963:
12957:
12873:North Macedonia
12694:
12689:
12659:
12654:
12641:
12634:
12621:
12566:
12481:Cultural icons
12424:
12300:
12271:Stock exchanges
12259:
12234:
12218:Law enforcement
12134:
12088:Nature reserves
12049:
12023:
11918:Ukrainian State
11849:Mongol invasion
11788:
11782:
11734:
11729:
11728:
11718:
11716:
11701:
11700:
11696:
11686:
11684:
11680:
11673:
11669:
11668:
11664:
11654:
11652:
11641:
11640:
11631:
11618:
11617:
11613:
11603:
11601:
11593:
11592:
11588:
11578:
11576:
11568:
11567:
11563:
11553:
11551:
11542:
11541:
11537:
11527:
11525:
11516:
11515:
11511:
11492:
11491:
11487:
11474:
11473:
11469:
11459:
11457:
11453:
11442:
11438:
11437:
11433:
11423:
11421:
11416:
11415:
11411:
11398:
11397:
11393:
11388:. 29 July 2010.
11380:
11379:
11375:
11363:
11359:
11358:
11354:
11349:. 24 June 2010.
11341:
11340:
11336:
11329:
11313:
11309:
11299:
11283:
11279:
11266:
11265:
11261:
11251:
11249:
11248:on 27 June 2013
11234:
11233:
11229:
11216:
11215:
11211:
11194:
11193:
11189:
11176:
11175:
11168:
11161:
11157:
11156:
11152:
11141:
11137:
11136:
11132:
11119:
11118:
11114:
11109:(in Ukrainian).
11103:
11099:
11098:
11094:
11087:
11067:Wolchik, Sharon
11064:
11060:
11043:
11042:
11038:
11033:on 30 May 2012.
11030:
11023:
11019:
11018:
11014:
11001:
11000:
10996:
10989:
10985:
10984:
10980:
10970:
10968:
10963:
10962:
10958:
10953:(in Ukrainian).
10947:
10943:
10942:
10938:
10929:
10928:
10924:
10919:. 29 July 2012.
10913:
10909:
10908:
10904:
10891:
10890:
10886:
10873:
10872:
10863:
10853:
10851:
10842:
10841:
10837:
10827:
10825:
10816:
10815:
10811:
10801:
10799:
10790:
10789:
10782:
10772:
10770:
10757:
10756:
10752:
10741:
10737:
10736:
10732:
10720:
10716:
10715:
10711:
10700:
10696:
10695:
10688:
10673:
10653:Hordeum vulgare
10647:
10643:
10630:
10629:
10625:
10612:
10611:
10607:
10589:
10585:
10580:. 4 April 2020.
10572:
10571:
10567:
10557:
10555:
10546:
10545:
10541:
10531:
10529:
10522:
10518:
10505:
10504:
10500:
10487:Financial Times
10481:
10480:
10476:
10466:
10464:
10450:
10446:
10435:Black Sea Grain
10429:
10428:
10421:
10411:
10409:
10400:
10399:
10395:
10382:
10381:
10377:
10364:
10363:
10359:
10350:
10349:
10345:
10335:
10333:
10324:
10323:
10319:
10309:
10307:
10298:
10297:
10290:
10280:
10278:
10269:
10268:
10259:
10254:. 31 July 2006.
10246:
10245:
10236:
10225:
10221:
10211:
10209:
10200:
10199:
10195:
10185:
10183:
10178:
10177:
10173:
10163:
10161:
10156:
10155:
10151:
10141:
10139:
10134:
10133:
10129:
10119:
10117:
10107:
10103:
10093:
10091:
10086:
10085:
10081:
10071:
10069:
10060:
10059:
10055:
10045:
10043:
10042:. 4 August 2021
10038:
10037:
10033:
10026:www.inogate.org
10020:
10019:
10015:
10005:
10003:
9993:
9984:
9974:
9972:
9962:
9949:
9939:
9937:
9928:
9927:
9923:
9910:
9909:
9900:
9890:
9888:
9880:
9879:
9875:
9865:
9863:
9858:
9857:
9853:
9840:
9839:
9835:
9825:
9823:
9813:
9809:
9804:. 4 March 2022.
9802:Financial Times
9796:
9795:
9791:
9778:
9777:
9773:
9765:
9761:
9760:
9756:
9748:
9744:
9743:
9739:
9731:
9727:
9726:
9722:
9714:
9710:
9709:
9705:
9695:
9693:
9685:
9684:
9680:
9670:
9668:
9658:
9654:
9644:
9642:
9638:
9634:
9633:
9629:
9619:
9617:
9612:
9611:
9607:
9597:
9595:
9587:
9586:
9582:
9569:
9568:
9564:
9554:
9552:
9541:
9537:
9527:
9525:
9516:
9515:
9511:
9501:
9499:
9490:
9489:
9485:
9470:
9466:
9453:
9452:
9445:
9432:
9431:
9418:
9405:
9404:
9400:
9381:
9380:
9376:
9366:
9364:
9355:
9354:
9350:
9337:
9336:
9332:
9322:
9320:
9311:
9310:
9303:
9296:
9273:
9269:
9259:
9257:
9249:
9248:
9244:
9234:
9232:
9223:
9222:
9218:
9208:
9206:
9194:
9190:
9180:
9178:
9171:
9167:
9154:
9153:
9149:
9139:
9137:
9134:bne IntelliNews
9128:
9127:
9123:
9113:
9111:
9104:
9100:
9090:
9088:
9079:
9078:
9074:
9064:
9062:
9054:
9053:
9049:
9036:
9035:
9031:
9022:
9021:
9017:
9004:
9003:
8999:
8986:
8985:
8981:
8966:
8959:
8952:Emerging Europe
8944:
8937:
8927:
8925:
8918:
8914:
8904:
8902:
8895:
8891:
8878:
8877:
8873:
8860:
8859:
8855:
8842:
8841:
8837:
8826:
8822:
8809:
8808:
8804:
8791:
8790:
8786:
8773:
8772:
8768:
8755:
8754:
8750:
8740:
8738:
8729:
8728:
8724:
8714:
8712:
8702:
8698:
8688:
8686:
8676:
8672:
8663:
8662:
8658:
8649:
8648:
8644:
8639:. 4 March 2016.
8631:
8630:
8623:
8613:
8611:
8598:
8597:
8593:
8580:
8579:
8570:
8557:
8556:
8541:
8528:
8527:
8523:
8513:
8511:
8496:
8492:
8482:
8480:
8478:Washington Post
8466:
8462:
8452:
8450:
8435:
8428:
8418:
8416:
8407:
8406:
8402:
8392:
8390:
8385:
8384:
8380:
8367:
8366:
8362:
8352:
8350:
8343:
8339:
8338:
8334:
8321:
8320:
8316:
8303:
8302:
8298:
8283:
8279:
8269:
8267:
8259:
8255:
8254:
8250:
8240:
8238:
8225:
8224:
8220:
8215:on 9 June 2012.
8203:
8202:
8198:
8183:
8179:
8178:
8174:
8161:
8160:
8156:
8143:
8142:
8133:
8116:
8115:
8111:
8098:
8097:
8090:
8080:
8078:
8067:
8066:
8062:
8057:. 2 April 2012.
8049:
8048:
8041:
8034:
8014:
8010:
8002:
7998:
7997:
7993:
7980:
7979:
7975:
7970:
7966:
7961:. 5 March 2014.
7953:
7952:
7927:
7917:
7915:
7900:
7899:
7895:
7889:the South-East.
7881:
7879:
7877:
7861:
7857:
7844:
7842:
7840:
7824:
7820:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7786:
7782:
7774:
7770:
7769:
7765:
7755:
7753:
7745:
7744:
7740:
7730:
7728:
7718:
7714:
7704:
7702:
7694:
7693:
7689:
7675:
7673:
7661:
7657:
7648:
7647:
7643:
7638:. 4 April 2017.
7630:
7629:
7622:
7609:
7608:
7601:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7574:
7573:
7566:
7553:
7552:
7541:
7531:
7529:
7514:
7505:
7501:
7472:
7463:
7461:
7448:
7439:
7437:
7428:
7419:
7417:
7408:
7399:
7397:
7384:
7375:
7373:
7360:
7351:
7349:
7340:
7331:
7329:
7328:on 4 March 2016
7316:
7304:
7300:
7293:
7280:
7279:
7268:
7258:
7256:
7245:
7241:
7236:. 9 March 2012.
7228:
7227:
7198:
7188:
7186:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7163:on 4 March 2014
7155:
7154:
7150:
7133:
7132:
7128:
7118:
7116:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7065:
7064:
7060:
7051:
7050:
7046:
7037:
7036:
7032:
7022:
7020:
7015:
7014:
7010:
7000:
6998:
6989:
6988:
6981:
6971:
6969:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6946:Wayback Machine
6937:
6933:
6928:(in Ukrainian).
6922:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6908:(in Ukrainian).
6902:
6898:
6897:
6893:
6883:
6881:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6849:
6840:
6832:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6813:
6811:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6785:
6784:
6777:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6734:(in Ukrainian).
6728:
6724:
6723:
6719:
6709:
6707:
6695:
6694:
6690:
6680:
6678:
6662:
6661:
6657:
6647:
6645:
6630:
6629:
6622:
6612:
6610:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6586:
6568:
6567:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6542:
6541:
6537:
6527:
6525:
6513:
6512:
6497:
6480:
6479:
6460:
6450:
6448:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6421:
6419:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6388:
6379:
6375:
6363:
6359:
6334:
6330:
6305:
6301:
6296:
6269:
6264:
6243:Exchange rates:
6057:
6051:
6048:
6045:
6036:
6032:
6025:
6020:
5976:β Oil & Gas
5910:β Oil & Gas
5832:β Oil & Gas
5725:1+1 Media Group
5720:
5710:
5647:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5626:
5622:
5615:
5595:
5593:Foreign workers
5539:
5534:
5525:
5519:
5516:
5495:
5490:
5484:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5445:
5374:
5359:
5351:Main articles:
5349:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5315:
5311:
5304:
5289:
5275:
5243:
5215:
5195:
5189:
5148:
5140:Main articles:
5138:
5123:labour migrants
5104:
5099:
5093:
5044:
4764:
4694:
4688:
4577:
4495:
4489:
4445:
4429:
4419:
4373:
4367:
4339:
4303:
4297:
4287:and 40% of its
4257:
4232:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4181:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4138:
4135:
4126:
4123:
4114:
4107:
4098:
4089:
4087:Coal in Ukraine
4079:
3943:Horishni Plavni
3723:
3689:
1521:Inflation rate
1505:GDP per capita
1489:GDP per capita
1470:
1461:
1384:, particularly
1256:
1179:economic bubble
1160:
1154:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1023:
1018:
947:reached Ukraine
943:Great Recession
913:
892:
888:
881:
857:Outlook: Stable
816:
812:
766:
763:Government debt
762:
755:Public finances
742:
738:
722:
719:Current account
718:
711:
689:
679:
643:
632:energy (mainly
629:
609:
573:
560:
532:
531:Main industries
519:
515:
502:
482:
464:
457:
435:
416:
407:
394:
378:
366:
350:
341:
337:
330:
308:
303:
293:
279:
252:
245:
229:
222:
210:
203:
197:
191:
185:
179:
172:
151:
110:
94:
66:
56:
37:
20:
12:
11:
5:
14286:
14276:
14275:
14270:
14265:
14248:
14247:
14231:
14230:
14223:
14216:
14213:
14212:
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14200:
14195:
14190:
14185:
14180:
14175:
14170:
14165:
14160:
14155:
14150:
14145:
14140:
14135:
14130:
14125:
14120:
14115:
14110:
14105:
14100:
14098:Czech Republic
14095:
14090:
14085:
14080:
14075:
14069:
14067:
14065:European Union
14058:
14057:
14052:
14047:
14042:
14037:
14032:
14027:
14022:
14020:United Kingdom
14017:
14012:
14007:
14002:
13997:
13992:
13987:
13982:
13977:
13972:
13967:
13962:
13957:
13952:
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13907:
13902:
13897:
13892:
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13882:
13877:
13872:
13867:
13862:
13857:
13852:
13847:
13842:
13837:
13832:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13792:
13787:
13782:
13777:
13772:
13767:
13762:
13757:
13752:
13747:
13742:
13737:
13732:
13727:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13697:
13692:
13687:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13667:
13662:
13657:
13652:
13647:
13642:
13637:
13632:
13627:
13622:
13617:
13612:
13607:
13602:
13597:
13592:
13587:
13582:
13577:
13572:
13567:
13562:
13557:
13552:
13547:
13542:
13537:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13492:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13462:
13457:
13452:
13447:
13442:
13437:
13432:
13427:
13422:
13417:
13412:
13407:
13402:
13397:
13392:
13387:
13382:
13376:
13374:
13370:
13369:
13367:
13366:
13361:
13359:Alejandro Jara
13356:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13330:
13328:
13324:
13323:
13321:
13320:
13315:
13310:
13305:
13300:
13295:
13290:
13285:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13254:
13252:
13244:
13243:
13241:
13240:
13235:
13230:
13225:
13220:
13215:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13185:
13179:
13177:
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13172:
13170:
13169:
13164:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13143:
13141:
13137:
13136:
13134:
13133:
13128:
13123:
13118:
13116:Appellate Body
13113:
13107:
13105:
13101:
13100:
13093:
13092:
13085:
13078:
13070:
13061:
13060:
13058:
13057:
13055:European Union
13051:
13049:
13048:Other entities
13045:
13044:
13042:
13041:
13036:
13031:
13026:
13021:
13016:
13011:
13005:
13003:
13002:other entities
12997:
12996:
12994:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12973:
12967:
12965:
12959:
12958:
12956:
12955:
12950:
12948:United Kingdom
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12925:
12920:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12900:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12860:
12855:
12850:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12830:
12825:
12820:
12815:
12813:
12808:
12803:
12798:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12761:Czech Republic
12758:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12738:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12718:
12713:
12708:
12702:
12700:
12696:
12695:
12688:
12687:
12680:
12673:
12665:
12656:
12655:
12653:
12652:
12647:
12640:
12639:
12631:
12630:
12627:
12626:
12623:
12622:
12620:
12619:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12603:
12602:
12597:
12592:
12587:
12576:
12574:
12568:
12567:
12565:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12518:
12517:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12497:
12492:
12487:
12479:
12478:
12477:
12467:
12462:
12457:
12456:
12455:
12450:
12440:
12434:
12432:
12426:
12425:
12423:
12422:
12417:
12412:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12396:
12395:
12390:
12380:
12379:
12378:
12368:
12355:
12349:
12344:
12334:
12329:
12324:
12318:
12312:
12306:
12305:
12302:
12301:
12299:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12252:
12246:
12240:
12239:
12236:
12235:
12233:
12232:
12227:
12222:
12221:
12220:
12215:
12205:
12204:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12152:
12146:
12140:
12139:
12136:
12135:
12133:
12132:
12127:
12122:
12117:
12112:
12107:
12102:
12101:
12100:
12090:
12085:
12084:
12083:
12073:
12071:National parks
12067:
12061:
12055:
12054:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12047:
12042:
12037:
12031:
12029:
12025:
12024:
12022:
12021:
12020:
12019:
12014:
12009:
12004:
11999:
11989:
11988:
11987:
11977:
11972:
11967:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11937:
11932:
11931:
11930:
11928:Makhnovshchina
11925:
11920:
11915:
11905:
11900:
11898:Russian Empire
11895:
11890:
11889:
11888:
11883:
11873:
11872:
11871:
11861:
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11816:
11811:
11805:
11803:
11796:
11790:
11789:
11787: articles
11781:
11780:
11773:
11766:
11758:
11752:
11751:
11741:
11733:
11732:External links
11730:
11727:
11726:
11694:
11662:
11629:
11611:
11586:
11561:
11550:. 26 July 2021
11535:
11509:
11485:
11467:
11447:European Union
11431:
11409:
11391:
11373:
11352:
11334:
11327:
11307:
11297:
11277:
11259:
11227:
11209:
11187:
11166:
11150:
11130:
11112:
11092:
11085:
11079:. p. 55.
11058:
11036:
11012:
11003:"Tourism 2012"
10994:
10978:
10956:
10936:
10922:
10902:
10884:
10861:
10835:
10809:
10780:
10750:
10730:
10727:. August 2012.
10709:
10686:
10671:
10641:
10623:
10605:
10583:
10565:
10539:
10516:
10498:
10474:
10461:New York Times
10444:
10419:
10393:
10375:
10357:
10354:. Index Mundi.
10343:
10317:
10288:
10257:
10234:
10219:
10193:
10171:
10149:
10127:
10101:
10079:
10053:
10031:
10013:
9982:
9967:(April 2022).
9947:
9921:
9898:
9873:
9851:
9833:
9807:
9789:
9771:
9754:
9737:
9720:
9703:
9678:
9652:
9627:
9605:
9580:
9562:
9535:
9509:
9483:
9464:
9443:
9438:www.unian.info
9416:
9398:
9388:Bloomberg News
9374:
9348:
9330:
9301:
9294:
9267:
9242:
9216:
9188:
9165:
9147:
9121:
9098:
9072:
9047:
9042:www.kmu.gov.ua
9029:
9015:
9010:www.unian.info
8997:
8992:www.kmu.gov.ua
8979:
8957:
8935:
8912:
8889:
8871:
8853:
8835:
8820:
8802:
8784:
8779:www.unian.info
8766:
8761:www.unian.info
8748:
8722:
8696:
8670:
8656:
8642:
8621:
8591:
8586:www.unian.info
8568:
8539:
8521:
8490:
8472:(5 May 2016).
8470:M. Steven Fish
8460:
8449:on 19 May 2016
8426:
8400:
8378:
8360:
8332:
8314:
8296:
8277:
8248:
8218:
8196:
8172:
8169:. 19 May 2010.
8154:
8131:
8109:
8104:Google Finance
8088:
8060:
8039:
8032:
8026:. p. 34.
8008:
7991:
7973:
7964:
7925:
7893:
7875:
7855:
7838:
7818:
7800:
7780:
7763:
7738:
7712:
7687:
7655:
7641:
7620:
7599:
7581:
7564:
7539:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7482:
7470:
7446:
7426:
7406:
7382:
7358:
7338:
7314:
7301:
7291:
7266:
7239:
7196:
7174:
7148:
7126:
7100:
7086:
7072:
7058:
7044:
7030:
7008:
6979:
6954:
6931:
6911:
6891:
6866:
6838:
6821:
6796:
6791:www.kmu.gov.ua
6775:
6761:
6737:
6717:
6688:
6655:
6620:
6591:
6584:
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6535:
6495:
6458:
6429:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6386:
6373:
6357:
6353:Russian Empire
6328:
6306:In April 2014
6298:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6268:
6265:
6228:
6227:
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5994:
5988:
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5929:
5923:
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5905:
5899:
5893:
5887:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5863:
5857:
5851:
5845:
5839:
5836:GSC Game World
5833:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5809:
5806:
5800:
5794:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5721:
5709:
5706:
5702:cardiovascular
5671:waste disposal
5665:Ukraine has a
5649:
5648:
5629:
5627:
5620:
5614:
5611:
5594:
5591:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5507:
5505:
5494:
5491:
5483:
5482:Stock exchange
5480:
5477:
5476:
5457:
5455:
5444:
5441:
5373:
5370:
5348:
5345:
5338:
5337:
5318:
5316:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5274:
5271:
5242:
5239:
5214:
5211:
5201:Rynok square,
5191:Main article:
5188:
5185:
5137:
5136:Communications
5134:
5103:
5100:
5092:
5091:Infrastructure
5089:
5043:
5040:
5025:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4887:
4884:sunflower seed
4880:
4873:
4866:
4782:Ukraine's flag
4763:
4760:
4690:Main article:
4687:
4684:
4576:
4573:
4488:
4485:
4448:Turkmenistan.
4444:
4441:
4418:
4415:
4383:, produced by
4366:
4363:
4338:
4335:
4296:
4295:Iron and steel
4293:
4256:
4253:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4205:
4203:
4196:
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4187:
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4129:
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4097:
4094:
4078:
4075:
4070:Eastern Europe
4057:
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4050:
4045:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4019:
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3990:
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2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2155:
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2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2046:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1818:
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1799:
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1775:
1767:
1759:
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1609:
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1593:
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1557:
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1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1449:joining the EU
1382:European Union
1305:Luhansk Oblast
1301:Donetsk Oblast
1255:
1252:
1222:shadow economy
1156:Main article:
1153:
1150:
1106:hyperinflation
1093:
1090:
1081:
1078:
1035:ancient Greece
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
954:hyperinflation
915:
914:
905:
902:
901:
893:
886:
883:
882:
880:
879:
876:
873:
872:Scope Ratings:
870:
867:
864:
858:
855:
847:
841:
838:
835:
826:
819:
817:
810:
807:
806:
796:
792:
791:
788:
784:
783:
780:
776:
775:
767:
760:
757:
756:
752:
751:
743:
735:
732:
731:
723:
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713:
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710:
709:
701:
692:
690:
684:
681:
680:
678:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
646:
644:
641:
638:
637:
630:
627:
624:
623:
615:
611:
610:
608:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
576:
574:
571:
568:
567:
561:
558:
555:
554:
546:
542:
541:
537:
536:
533:
530:
527:
526:
520:
513:
510:
509:
503:
500:
497:
496:
488:
484:
483:
481:
480:
477:
476:services 67.8%
474:
473:industry 26.5%
471:
467:
465:
462:
459:
458:
456:
455:
447:
438:
436:
433:
430:
429:
417:
412:
409:
408:
406:
405:
386:
369:
367:
362:
359:
358:
342:
335:
332:
331:
329:
328:
320:
311:
309:
301:
298:
297:
294:
284:
281:
280:
278:
277:
274:
268:
262:
255:
253:
250:
247:
246:
244:
243:
238:
232:
230:
227:
224:
223:
221:
220:
217:
213:
211:
209:GDP per capita
208:
205:
204:
202:
201:
195:
189:
182:
180:
177:
174:
173:
171:
170:
165:
159:
157:
153:
152:
150:
149:
142:
138:
136:
130:
129:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
109:
108:
103:
97:
95:
92:
89:
88:
67:
64:
61:
60:
57:
52:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14285:
14274:
14271:
14269:
14266:
14264:
14261:
14260:
14258:
14245:
14244:
14243:
14238:
14228:
14224:
14221:
14218:
14217:
14214:
14204:
14201:
14199:
14196:
14194:
14191:
14189:
14186:
14184:
14181:
14179:
14176:
14174:
14171:
14169:
14166:
14164:
14161:
14159:
14156:
14154:
14151:
14149:
14146:
14144:
14141:
14139:
14136:
14134:
14131:
14129:
14126:
14124:
14121:
14119:
14116:
14114:
14111:
14109:
14106:
14104:
14101:
14099:
14096:
14094:
14091:
14089:
14086:
14084:
14081:
14079:
14076:
14074:
14071:
14070:
14068:
14066:
14062:
14056:
14053:
14051:
14048:
14046:
14043:
14041:
14038:
14036:
14033:
14031:
14028:
14026:
14025:United States
14023:
14021:
14018:
14016:
14013:
14011:
14008:
14006:
14003:
14001:
13998:
13996:
13993:
13991:
13988:
13986:
13983:
13981:
13978:
13976:
13973:
13971:
13968:
13966:
13963:
13961:
13958:
13956:
13953:
13951:
13948:
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13941:
13938:
13936:
13933:
13931:
13928:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13918:
13916:
13913:
13911:
13908:
13906:
13903:
13901:
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13881:
13878:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13858:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13843:
13841:
13838:
13836:
13833:
13831:
13828:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13768:
13766:
13763:
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13753:
13751:
13748:
13746:
13743:
13741:
13738:
13736:
13733:
13731:
13728:
13726:
13725:Liechtenstein
13723:
13721:
13718:
13716:
13713:
13711:
13708:
13706:
13703:
13701:
13698:
13696:
13693:
13691:
13688:
13686:
13683:
13681:
13678:
13676:
13673:
13671:
13668:
13666:
13663:
13661:
13658:
13656:
13653:
13651:
13648:
13646:
13643:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13631:
13628:
13626:
13625:Guinea-Bissau
13623:
13621:
13618:
13616:
13613:
13611:
13608:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13588:
13586:
13583:
13581:
13578:
13576:
13573:
13571:
13568:
13566:
13563:
13561:
13558:
13556:
13553:
13551:
13548:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13491:
13488:
13486:
13483:
13481:
13478:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13461:
13458:
13456:
13453:
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13448:
13446:
13443:
13441:
13438:
13436:
13433:
13431:
13428:
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13418:
13416:
13413:
13411:
13408:
13406:
13403:
13401:
13398:
13396:
13393:
13391:
13388:
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13383:
13381:
13378:
13377:
13375:
13371:
13365:
13362:
13360:
13357:
13355:
13352:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13339:
13335:
13332:
13331:
13329:
13325:
13319:
13316:
13314:
13311:
13309:
13306:
13304:
13301:
13299:
13296:
13294:
13291:
13289:
13286:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13255:
13253:
13251:
13245:
13239:
13236:
13234:
13231:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13180:
13178:
13174:
13168:
13165:
13163:
13160:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13150:
13148:
13145:
13144:
13142:
13138:
13132:
13129:
13127:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13108:
13106:
13102:
13098:
13091:
13086:
13084:
13079:
13077:
13072:
13071:
13068:
13056:
13053:
13052:
13050:
13046:
13040:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13020:
13017:
13015:
13014:Faroe Islands
13012:
13010:
13007:
13006:
13004:
12998:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12986:South Ossetia
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12968:
12966:
12960:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12833:Liechtenstein
12831:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12802:
12799:
12797:
12794:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12784:
12782:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12769:
12767:
12764:
12762:
12759:
12757:
12754:
12752:
12749:
12747:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12707:
12704:
12703:
12701:
12697:
12693:
12686:
12681:
12679:
12674:
12672:
12667:
12666:
12663:
12651:
12648:
12646:
12643:
12642:
12637:
12633:
12632:
12628:
12618:
12615:
12613:
12610:
12608:
12605:
12601:
12598:
12596:
12593:
12591:
12588:
12586:
12583:
12582:
12581:
12578:
12577:
12575:
12573:
12569:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12516:
12513:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12496:
12493:
12491:
12488:
12486:
12483:
12482:
12480:
12476:
12473:
12472:
12471:
12468:
12466:
12463:
12461:
12458:
12454:
12451:
12449:
12446:
12445:
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12012:War in Donbas
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11651:. 14 May 2008
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10763:bunews.com.ua
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10592:Anders Γ
slund
10587:
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10528:. Reuters.com
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10511:Bloomberg.com
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10306:. 2 July 2021
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10264:
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10252:www.mayger.ua
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10231:. p. 12.
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9883:
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9862:. 12 May 2020
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8824:
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8815:The Economist
8812:
8806:
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8479:
8475:
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8464:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8433:
8431:
8415:. 14 May 2016
8414:
8410:
8404:
8388:
8382:
8374:
8370:
8364:
8348:
8344:
8336:
8328:
8327:Ukraine Today
8324:
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8309:Ukraine Today
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7959:The Economist
7956:
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7876:9781137576903
7872:
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7839:9781137576903
7835:
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7822:
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7801:9780199929962
7797:
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7615:Radio Svoboda
7612:
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7369:The Economist
7364:
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6806:
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6792:
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6749:
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6721:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6692:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6659:
6644:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6625:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6595:
6587:
6581:
6577:
6573:
6572:
6565:
6549:
6545:
6539:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6502:
6500:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6433:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6402:
6397:
6383:
6377:
6370:
6367:is currently
6366:
6361:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6332:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6303:
6299:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6263:
6258:
6257:
6253:
6251:
6250:Minimum wage:
6247:
6244:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6232:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6188:
6185:
6182:
6179:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6090:
6086:
6084:
6083:Poverty rate:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6055:
6043:
6038:
6029:
6028:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6007:
6005:β Industrials
6004:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5980:Ukroboronprom
5978:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5898:β Industrials
5897:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5879:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5864:
5862:β Industrials
5861:
5858:
5856:β Industrials
5855:
5854:InvestUkraine
5852:
5850:β Industrials
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5820:β Industrials
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5793:β Industrials
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5763:β Industrials
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5739:β Industrials
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5714:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5645:
5633:
5628:
5619:
5618:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5599:guest workers
5590:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5543:
5523:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5489:
5473:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5416:
5414:
5413:one-stop stop
5410:
5406:
5402:
5401:InvestUkraine
5397:
5395:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5379:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5334:
5331:December 2013
5322:
5317:
5308:
5307:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5210:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5168:home networks
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5131:
5126:
5124:
5117:
5113:
5108:
5098:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5048:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4829:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4809:sunflower oil
4805:
4801:
4795:
4792:Vineyards in
4790:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4768:
4759:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4717:bulk carriers
4714:
4710:
4702:
4698:
4693:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:project. The
4670:
4666:
4665:Rockwell Int.
4662:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4599:
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4565:
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4556:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4538:
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4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4507:
4499:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4470:
4469:energy saving
4464:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4449:
4443:Fuel industry
4440:
4436:
4434:
4428:
4424:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4395:Ukroboronprom
4392:
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4377:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4355:sulfuric acid
4352:
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2185:
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2169:
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2148:
2140:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2108:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1821:
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1816:
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1792:
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1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1529:Unemployment
1528:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1492:(in US$ PPP)
1488:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1465:
1459:Economic data
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1430:Anders Γ
slund
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:Fitch Ratings
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:The Economist
1361:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:Andrew Wilson
1335:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1260:war in Donbas
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1208:although the
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1172:
1171:economic boom
1168:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Steppe nomads
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:modern Europe
1036:
1032:
1028:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
986:
985:war in Donbas
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
959:
958:Ukrainian SSR
955:
950:
948:
944:
940:
939:mixed economy
936:
932:
928:
927:
923:
912:
910:
903:
894:
891:
884:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
848:
845:
842:
839:
837:CCC (Foreign)
836:
827:
824:
821:
820:
818:
815:
813:Credit rating
808:
804:
800:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
768:
765:
758:
753:
744:
741:
739:external debt
733:
724:
721:
714:
702:
694:
693:
691:
687:
682:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
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631:
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612:
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602:
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584:
581:
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569:
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562:
556:
547:
543:
538:
534:
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524:
521:
518:
511:
507:
504:
498:
489:
485:
478:
475:
472:
469:
468:
466:
460:
448:
440:
439:
437:
431:
427:
418:
415:
410:
403:
399:
387:
384:
371:
370:
368:
365:
360:
356:
343:
340:
333:
321:
313:
312:
310:
306:
299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
254:
251:GDP by sector
248:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
231:
225:
218:
215:
214:
212:
206:
196:
190:
184:
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175:
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160:
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143:
140:
139:
137:
135:
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122:
118:
113:
107:
104:
102:
99:
98:
96:
93:Country group
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:
62:
59:calendar year
58:
55:
50:
47:
46:Hryvnia (UAH)
44:
40:
35:
30:
25:
16:
14233:
14232:
14009:
13940:South Africa
13925:Sierra Leone
13910:Saudi Arabia
13465:Burkina Faso
13238:Bali Package
13167:Peace Clause
12991:Transnistria
12953:Vatican City
12942:
12572:Demographics
12443:Architecture
12415:Prostitution
12383:Human rights
12256:
12243:
12161:Constitution
12039:
12035:Christianity
11970:Independence
11750:(as of 2021)
11717:. Retrieved
11713:the original
11706:
11697:
11685:. Retrieved
11678:the original
11665:
11653:. Retrieved
11646:
11623:
11614:
11602:. Retrieved
11598:
11589:
11577:. Retrieved
11573:
11564:
11552:. Retrieved
11547:
11538:
11526:. Retrieved
11524:(in Russian)
11521:
11512:
11497:
11488:
11470:
11458:. Retrieved
11451:the original
11434:
11422:. Retrieved
11412:
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11272:the original
11262:
11250:. Retrieved
11246:the original
11239:
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11204:the original
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10997:
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10959:
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10887:
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10821:
10812:
10800:. Retrieved
10795:
10771:. Retrieved
10767:the original
10762:
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10542:
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10519:
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10459:
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10406:the original
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10330:the original
10320:
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10303:
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10275:the original
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10206:the original
10196:
10184:. Retrieved
10174:
10162:. Retrieved
10152:
10140:. Retrieved
10130:
10118:. Retrieved
10115:The Guardian
10114:
10104:
10092:. Retrieved
10082:
10070:. Retrieved
10066:the original
10056:
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10034:
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10004:. Retrieved
9973:. Retrieved
9938:. Retrieved
9934:the original
9924:
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9854:
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9820:
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9665:
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9643:. Retrieved
9630:
9618:. Retrieved
9616:. 8 May 2020
9608:
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9592:
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9565:
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9548:
9538:
9526:. Retrieved
9522:deloitte.com
9521:
9512:
9500:. Retrieved
9495:
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9478:The Diplomat
9477:
9467:
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9401:
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9386:
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9361:the original
9351:
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9333:
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9317:the original
9280:
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9254:
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9228:
9219:
9207:. Retrieved
9203:The Guardian
9201:
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9168:
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9138:. Retrieved
9133:
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9112:. Retrieved
9101:
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9084:
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9059:
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8710:The Guardian
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8683:
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8614:22 September
8612:. Retrieved
8608:the original
8594:
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8493:
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8477:
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8442:
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8412:
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8381:
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8347:the original
8335:
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8251:
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8112:
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8072:
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7918:12 September
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7912:the original
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7865:
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7828:
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7790:
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7699:
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7670:The Guardian
7668:
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7530:. Retrieved
7526:the original
7521:
7478:The Atlantic
7462:. Retrieved
7458:the original
7453:
7438:. Retrieved
7433:
7418:. Retrieved
7413:
7398:. Retrieved
7394:the original
7389:
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7367:
7350:. Retrieved
7345:
7330:. Retrieved
7326:the original
7321:
7257:. Retrieved
7255:(in Spanish)
7252:
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7187:. Retrieved
7177:
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7161:the original
7151:
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7129:
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7103:
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7021:. Retrieved
7011:
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6995:the original
6970:. Retrieved
6966:
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6869:
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6799:
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6740:
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6700:
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6667:
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6636:hdr.undp.org
6635:
6611:. Retrieved
6603:
6594:
6570:
6564:
6552:. Retrieved
6550:. World Bank
6547:
6538:
6526:. Retrieved
6518:
6485:
6451:29 September
6449:. Retrieved
6441:
6432:
6422:29 September
6420:. Retrieved
6412:
6376:
6360:
6345:Soviet Union
6331:
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6235:
6230:
6229:
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6206:consumption:
6205:
6199:
6194:Natural gas:
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6192:
6186:
6180:
6174:
6169:consumption:
6168:
6162:
6156:
6155:
6149:
6143:
6137:
6132:fossil fuel:
6131:
6125:
6124:
6118:
6112:
6107:consumption:
6106:
6100:
6095:Electricity:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6087:
6082:
6081:
6078:25.7% (2006)
6076:highest 10%:
6075:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6052:January 2016
6049:
6041:
6009:Zaporizhstal
5946:β Financials
5944:SCM Holdings
5842:Hromadske.ua
5838:β Technology
5805:β Financials
5803:ESTA Holding
5787:β Technology
5761:Bogdan group
5757:β Financials
5745:β Financials
5733:β Technology
5711:
5691:
5675:
5664:
5656:Askania-Nova
5652:
5642:January 2016
5639:
5631:
5596:
5580:
5574:
5570:tax revenues
5559:
5544:
5540:
5520:January 2016
5517:
5513:adding to it
5508:
5470:January 2016
5467:
5463:adding to it
5458:
5438:
5431:
5417:
5408:
5398:
5394:FDi Magazine
5391:
5387:stock market
5375:
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5360:
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5328:
5320:
5244:
5216:
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5182:
5175:
5172:
5149:
5127:
5120:
5078:
5075:
5069:Ukraine, in
5060:
5056:
5029:
5026:
4856:
4849:
4838:
4830:
4826:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4737:
4728:shipbuilding
4725:
4706:
4686:Shipbuilding
4675:of the U.S.
4650:
4630:
4621:hang-gliders
4610:
4590:
4584:
4569:
4566:
4559:
4542:Zaporizhzhia
4539:
4512:
4474:
4465:
4459:. Since the
4450:
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4430:
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4321:, AzovStal,
4308:
4304:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4218:January 2016
4215:
4207:
4113:) of Ukraine
4090:
4063:
4060:
4001:Optima-Pharm
3964:Zaporizhzhia
3959:Zaporizhstal
3716:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3690:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1482:
1471:
1462:
1442:
1435:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1399:
1379:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1346:
1331:
1324:
1313:
1297:
1286:
1284:
1276:
1272:Forex market
1265:
1257:
1244:swap markets
1233:
1226:
1214:
1195:
1184:
1176:
1167:Monetisation
1165:
1161:
1152:2000 to 2014
1137:poverty rate
1134:
1115:
1102:Soviet Union
1095:
1092:1991 to 2000
1055:
1024:
966:
951:
920:
918:
906:
878:Outlook: N/A
869:Outlook: N/A
798:
664:Turkey 4.03%
661:Belarus 6.3%
658:Germany 8.5%
652:Russia 10.9%
628:Import goods
603:Belgium 2.8%
594:Germany 4.2%
559:Export goods
487:Unemployment
305:poverty line
200: (2024)
194: (2023)
188: (2022)
148:, 2024 est.)
15:
14168:Netherlands
13955:Switzerland
13870:Philippines
13810:New Zealand
13695:South Korea
13575:El Salvador
13540:Ivory Coast
13380:Afghanistan
13364:Rufus Yerxa
13349:Pascal Lamy
13318:13th (2024)
13313:12th (2022)
13308:11th (2017)
13303:10th (2015)
13250:Conferences
13248:Ministerial
13188:Agriculture
13029:Isle of Man
12964:recognition
12933:Switzerland
12868:Netherlands
12585:Rus' people
12448:Kievan Rus'
11839:Kievan Rus'
11824:Early Slavs
11719:14 February
11687:18 December
11624:HitHorizons
11460:20 December
10725:hi-tech.org
10636:www.fao.org
10467:20 December
10388:www.fao.org
10281:28 November
10120:7 September
10094:6 September
9260:26 February
9181:1 September
9140:27 November
9114:27 November
9091:27 November
8901:. Bloomberg
8689:17 February
8081:17 December
7464:1 September
7440:1 September
7420:1 September
7400:1 September
7376:1 September
7352:1 September
7332:1 September
7167:3 September
7001:17 February
6967:www.imf.org
6754:20 December
6681:7 September
6648:11 December
6200:production:
6163:production:
6101:production:
6072:3.4% (2006)
6070:lowest 10%:
5830:Galnaftogaz
5824:Fozzy Group
5818:FOM-Ukraine
5797:Epicentre K
5302:Investments
5251:Chersonesos
5219:Belarusians
5087:worldwide.
5081:IT services
5014:watermelons
4891:sugar beets
4762:Agriculture
4677:Orbital ATK
4625:paragliders
4598:helicopters
4546:Zaporozhets
4043:Ukrtatnafta
3833:Fozzy Group
3712:Natural gas
1532:(in %)
1524:(in %)
1513:GDP growth
1187:procyclical
1124:, with the
1122:karbovanets
1074:Wild Fields
1031:breadbasket
1021:Before 1917
655:Poland 9.4%
649:China 13.9%
634:natural gas
588:Russia 5.2%
585:Turkey 5.9%
582:Poland 7.2%
579:China 11.7%
495:9.8% (2021)
434:Labor force
319:1.3% (2018)
276:(2017 est.)
259:Agriculture
54:Fiscal year
19:Economy of
14257:Categories
14158:Luxembourg
13960:Tajikistan
13920:Seychelles
13795:Mozambique
13785:Montenegro
13760:Mauritania
13735:Madagascar
13705:Kyrgyzstan
13685:Kazakhstan
13595:The Gambia
13535:Costa Rica
13495:Cape Verde
13425:Bangladesh
13298:9th (2013)
13293:8th (2011)
13288:7th (2009)
13283:6th (2005)
13278:5th (2003)
13273:4th (2001)
13268:3rd (1999)
13263:2nd (1998)
13258:1st (1996)
13176:Agreements
12903:San Marino
12863:Montenegro
12843:Luxembourg
12823:Kazakhstan
12726:Azerbaijan
12590:Ruthenians
12542:Literature
12515:Vyshyvanka
12410:Minorities
12327:Corruption
12260:(currency)
12181:Government
12176:Parliament
12115:Waterfalls
11980:Euromaidan
11829:East Slavs
11814:Sarmatians
11802:Chronology
11748:World Bank
11424:14 October
11086:0847693465
10931:"DataBank"
10558:23 October
10229:Space News
10186:19 October
10182:. UA Today
10164:19 October
10160:. UA Today
10142:19 October
10138:. UA Today
10072:4 February
9940:21 October
9323:23 January
9295:1442610212
9235:31 January
8741:11 October
8514:4 February
8502:. Moscow.
8353:5 February
8270:1 December
8231:moodys.com
8033:0128003901
7882:9 November
7845:9 November
7807:9 November
7636:World Bank
7559:Al Jazeera
7532:26 October
7390:euobserver
7189:26 January
6710:16 October
6705:World Bank
6672:World Bank
6608:World Bank
6576:World Bank
6554:24 January
6446:World Bank
6392:References
6003:Pivdenmash
5985:Ukrtelecom
5932:PrivatBank
5926:Oschadbank
5896:Motor Sich
5755:BG Capital
5749:ATB-Market
5743:APEKS-BANK
5716:See also:
5537:Background
5486:See also:
5277:See also:
5223:Hungarians
5152:Ukrtelecom
4822:privatised
4818:black soil
4735:the time.
4709:powerboats
4701:MV Minerva
4669:Sea Launch
4640:, and the
4491:See also:
4421:See also:
4230:Industries
4081:See also:
4048:Kremenchuk
3917:Epicentr K
3859:Kryvyi Rih
3770:ATB-Market
3734:Home city
1464:Southern.
1455:for 2023.
1353:real wages
1141:World Bank
998:corruption
990:World Bank
931:developing
909:US dollars
834:(Domestic)
673:Italy 3.2%
667:Hungary 4%
597:India 3.6%
591:Italy 4.8%
426:104th rank
355:World Bank
178:GDP growth
120:Population
115:Statistics
14153:Lithuania
14035:Venezuela
13945:Sri Lanka
13930:Singapore
13895:St. Lucia
13815:Nicaragua
13765:Mauritius
13660:Indonesia
13645:Hong Kong
13615:Guatemala
13415:Australia
13405:Argentina
13147:Criticism
13019:Gibraltar
12838:Lithuania
12438:Animation
12405:Languages
12354:(2009-10)
12322:Education
12296:Transport
12208:Judiciary
12201:Elections
12171:President
12110:Mountains
12059:Geography
11950:Holodomor
11886:Hetmanate
11809:Scythians
11746:from the
11703:"Ukraine"
11643:"Ukraine"
11404:Kyiv Post
11386:Kyiv Post
11347:Kyiv Post
11241:Kyiv Post
10951:racurs.ua
10879:Kyiv Post
10854:2 October
10828:2 October
10822:8allocate
10802:2 October
10773:2 October
10681:162130976
10659:Amsterdam
10632:"FAOSTAT"
10412:4 October
10384:"FAOSTAT"
10336:4 October
10212:2 October
10022:"INOGATE"
9916:Kyiv Post
9545:"Ukraine"
9496:forbes.ua
9177:. Reuters
9110:. Reuters
8974:Kyiv Post
8413:Kyiv Post
8291:Kyiv Post
8241:30 August
8122:UKRINFORM
7310:Kyiv Post
7119:5 January
6613:12 August
6152:0% (2001)
5950:SoftServe
5934:β banking
5928:β banking
5812:Ferreexpo
5561:Kyiv Post
5420:shale gas
5036:cultivars
4972:buckwheat
4944:cucumbers
4857:In 2018:
4732:shipyards
4661:Zenit-3SL
4593:aerospace
4551:ZAZ Forza
4315:Metinvest
4311:cast iron
4269:manganese
3749:Metinvest
3632:14,304.9
3563:12,886.2
3494:14,427.9
3425:13,213.6
3356:13,447.4
3287:12,725.0
3218:11,942.8
3149:11,215.9
3080:10,224.9
3011:10,804.3
2942:10,749.4
1404:In 2019,
1327:Bloomberg
1100:from the
1027:chernozem
969:recession
799:recipient
286:Inflation
14193:Slovenia
14188:Slovakia
14178:Portugal
14083:Bulgaria
14055:Zimbabwe
13975:Thailand
13970:Tanzania
13950:Suriname
13860:Paraguay
13845:Pakistan
13780:Mongolia
13750:Maldives
13745:Malaysia
13640:Honduras
13580:Eswatini
13555:Dominica
13550:Djibouti
13520:Colombia
13485:Cameroon
13480:Cambodia
13450:Botswana
13430:Barbados
13039:Svalbard
13024:Guernsey
12971:Abkhazia
12918:Slovenia
12913:Slovakia
12888:Portugal
12746:Bulgaria
12645:Category
12612:Censuses
12600:Refugees
12595:Diaspora
12532:Holidays
12527:Folklore
12420:Religion
12377:problems
12347:HIV/AIDS
12342:Abortion
12191:Military
12144:Politics
12130:Wildlife
12045:Military
12040:Economic
12028:By topic
11604:10 April
11579:10 April
11574:ABC News
11554:10 April
11528:10 April
11504:Archived
11499:Le Monde
11480:Archived
11252:4 August
11200:Euronews
11069:(2000).
10663:Elsevier
10532:26 March
10046:12 April
9891:12 April
9866:12 April
9696:10 April
9671:12 April
9645:13 April
9620:12 April
9598:12 April
9367:17 March
9278:(2010).
9209:31 March
9160:Archived
8735:euronews
8715:16 March
8684:Newsweek
8508:Archived
8373:BBC News
8191:Archived
8074:BBC News
7756:17 March
7731:17 March
7705:17 March
7495:Archived
7434:Euractiv
7346:EurActiv
7259:17 March
7113:Archived
7023:12 April
6942:Archived
6528:23 March
6314:and the
6267:See also
6218:imports:
6212:exports:
6181:imports:
6175:exports:
6144:nuclear:
5974:Ukrnafta
5908:Naftogaz
5902:Nemiroff
5878:Lifecell
5866:Kyivstar
5791:Electron
5704:issues.
5231:Russians
5164:lifecell
5160:Kyivstar
5102:Maritime
5067:Ericsson
5021:cherries
4958:dry peas
4937:pumpkins
4916:tomatoes
4909:rapeseed
4877:potatoes
4744:Mykolaiv
4555:ZAZ Vida
4403:RPC Fort
4381:BM Oplot
4285:neon gas
4277:graphite
4273:titanium
4244:Yuzhmash
4061:Source:
4022:Ukrnafta
3938:Ferrexpo
3824:β13,895
3754:Mariupol
3731:Company
3648:5,224.6
3579:4,606.8
3510:4,874.3
3441:3,780.1
3372:3,690.1
3303:3,118.3
3234:2,655.7
3165:2,200.0
3096:2,124.3
3027:3,053.6
2958:3,968.9
2889:3,872.5
2873:9,388.8
2820:3,589.6
2804:8,959.2
2751:2,982.8
2735:8,296.0
2682:2,557.3
2666:7,842.9
2613:3,944.7
2597:9,142.8
2544:3,101.4
2528:8,734.2
2475:2,319.3
2459:7,813.6
2406:1,839.5
2390:7,001.6
2337:1,374.8
2321:6,535.5
2268:1,055.9
2252:5,651.9
2183:5,021.3
2114:4,654.7
2045:4,147.7
1976:3,794.6
1907:3,716.9
1854:1,037.9
1838:3,714.5
1774:3,732.6
1710:4,034.9
1651:4,463.7
1624:4734.9%
1592:5,623.0
1553:6,382.7
1390:Eurostat
1288:de facto
787:Expenses
779:Revenues
540:External
381:(2022) (
271:Services
265:Industry
156:GDP rank
42:Currency
14183:Romania
14138:Ireland
14133:Hungary
14123:Germany
14113:Finland
14108:Estonia
14103:Denmark
14088:Croatia
14078:Belgium
14073:Austria
14040:Vietnam
14030:Uruguay
14010:Ukraine
13995:Tunisia
13915:Senegal
13825:Nigeria
13800:Namibia
13790:Morocco
13775:Moldova
13720:Liberia
13715:Lesotho
13670:Jamaica
13650:Iceland
13610:Grenada
13600:Georgia
13565:Ecuador
13475:Burundi
13470:Myanmar
13445:Bolivia
13420:Bahrain
13410:Armenia
13390:Algeria
13385:Albania
13373:Members
12943:Ukraine
12893:Romania
12853:Moldova
12811:Ireland
12806:Iceland
12801:Hungary
12791:Germany
12786:Georgia
12776:Finland
12771:Estonia
12766:Denmark
12751:Croatia
12736:Belgium
12731:Belarus
12721:Austria
12716:Armenia
12711:Andorra
12706:Albania
12636:Outline
12510:Rushnyk
12505:Pysanka
12490:Borscht
12485:Bandura
12470:Cuisine
12453:Baroque
12430:Culture
12375:suicide
12310:Society
12291:Tourism
12266:Banking
12257:Hryvnia
12244:Economy
11997:Outline
11903:Galicia
11794:History
11785:Ukraine
11740:website
11599:Rubryka
11370:. 2012.
11222:Reuters
11182:Reuters
10578:Reuters
9826:9 March
9821:Reuters
9555:1 March
9528:8 March
9502:1 March
8928:24 June
8905:24 June
8504:AP News
8443:Reuters
7676:3 March
7414:Reuters
7286:Reuters
6972:25 June
6884:6 April
6814:6 April
6519:CIA.gov
6486:IMF.org
6413:IMF.org
6341:Ukraine
6119:import:
6113:export:
6042:updated
5914:Nibulon
5844:β Media
5737:Antonov
5731:4AGames
5727:β media
5632:updated
5607:Belarus
5603:Moldova
5321:updated
5259:Bukovel
5235:Slovaks
5187:Tourism
4979:walnuts
4951:carrots
4923:cabbage
4895:ethanol
4721:tankers
4680:Antares
4613:Antonov
4531:Eurocar
4477:INOGATE
4457:Gazprom
4289:krypton
4281:uranium
4240:Zenit-2
4208:updated
4189:Sectors
4066:Central
3971:β3,678
3950:17,118
3908:β3,547
3821:116,046
3800:118,667
3779:123,864
3761:12,960
3758:309,302
3587:-29.1%
2690:-15.1%
1798:-10.0%
1742:376.7%
1734:-12.2%
1683:891.2%
1675:-22.9%
1616:-14.2%
1303:and in
1236:Moody's
1199:in the
1126:hryvnia
1066:Mongols
1033:": for
1016:History
926:Ukraine
922:economy
844:Moody's
828:CCC+/C
614:Imports
564:ferrous
545:Exports
525:monthly
508:monthly
400:(2022,
353:(2020,
267:: 28.6%
261:: 12.2%
21:Ukraine
14203:Sweden
14173:Poland
14148:Latvia
14128:Greece
14118:France
14093:Cyprus
14050:Zambia
14005:Uganda
14000:Turkey
13965:Taiwan
13885:Rwanda
13880:Russia
13850:Panama
13835:Norway
13770:Mexico
13740:Malawi
13700:Kuwait
13680:Jordan
13665:Israel
13630:Guyana
13620:Guinea
13490:Canada
13460:Brunei
13455:Brazil
13435:Belize
13395:Angola
13327:People
13140:Issues
13104:System
13034:Jersey
12976:Kosovo
12938:Turkey
12928:Sweden
12908:Serbia
12898:Russia
12883:Poland
12878:Norway
12858:Monaco
12828:Latvia
12796:Greece
12781:France
12756:Cyprus
12650:Portal
12500:Kobzar
12465:Cinema
12371:Murder
12337:Health
12276:Energy
12105:Rivers
12098:Cities
11834:Kuyaba
11655:14 May
11518:"Home"
11325:
11295:
11083:
10971:19 May
10848:AIN.UA
10679:
10669:
10310:2 July
10006:16 May
9975:16 May
9292:
9065:26 May
8483:20 May
8453:20 May
8419:20 May
8393:20 May
8237:. 2011
8030:
7873:
7836:
7798:
7594:RFE/RL
6674:&
6582:
6365:Crimea
6337:Russia
6150:other:
6138:hydro:
5938:Roshen
5920:Obolon
5773:Ciklum
5767:Chumak
5694:copper
5566:Cyprus
5285:, and
5233:, and
5000:grapes
4993:onions
4930:apples
4902:barley
4713:barges
4642:An-132
4638:An-158
4634:An-178
4606:An-148
4562:Bogdan
4523:Bogdan
4353:, and
4168:
4162:
4156:
4052:34,327
4034:4,269
4031:35,535
4010:37,248
3992:1,112
3989:41,816
3968:45,631
3947:45,828
3929:3,171
3926:50,382
3905:51,516
3884:54,845
3863:63,497
3842:80,167
3803:5,553
3791:Kernel
3782:5,769
3775:Dnipro
3680:88.2%
3672:19.4%
3664:17.7%
3640:173.4
3624:474.8
3611:78.5%
3603:24.5%
3595:20.2%
3571:160.5
3555:449.0
3542:48.9%
3502:199.8
3486:591.5
3473:60.5%
3449:-3.7%
3433:156.6
3417:547.3
3404:50.5%
3364:154.0
3348:561.2
3335:60.4%
3319:10.9%
3295:130.9
3279:534.2
3266:71.6%
3250:14.4%
3226:112.1
3210:504.2
3197:79.5%
3181:13.9%
3141:475.7
3128:79.5%
3112:48.7%
3104:-9.8%
3072:435.5
3059:70.3%
3043:12.1%
3035:-6.6%
3019:130.6
3003:462.0
2990:40.5%
2974:-0.3%
2950:179.6
2934:486.4
2921:37.5%
2881:175.7
2865:426.0
2852:36.9%
2812:163.2
2796:407.2
2783:40.6%
2743:136.0
2727:378.3
2714:35.4%
2698:15.9%
2674:117.1
2658:359.1
2645:20.4%
2629:25.2%
2605:181.3
2589:420.2
2576:12.3%
2560:12.8%
2536:143.3
2520:403.5
2507:14.8%
2467:107.8
2451:363.1
2438:17.7%
2422:13.5%
2382:327.3
2369:24.8%
2345:11.8%
2313:307.8
2300:29.4%
2244:268.1
2231:33.6%
2199:885.3
2175:240.1
2162:36.7%
2154:10.8%
2146:12.0%
2130:784.9
2106:224.5
2093:43.8%
2085:11.5%
2077:28.2%
2061:664.4
2037:201.8
2024:59.0%
2016:11.9%
2008:22.7%
2000:-0.2%
1992:665.0
1968:186.4
1955:46.5%
1947:11.3%
1939:10.6%
1931:-1.9%
1923:874.3
1899:184.2
1886:28.9%
1870:15.9%
1862:-3.0%
1830:185.6
1814:10.0%
1806:80.2%
1790:914.3
1766:188.1
1750:14.8%
1726:752.3
1702:205.3
1667:741.0
1643:229.0
1608:677.3
1584:290.8
1559:427.9
1550:331.1
1516:(real)
1386:Poland
1070:Tatars
1062:Cumans
1051:Donbas
1008:. The
973:Russia
962:labour
736:Gross
479:(2014)
395:medium
393:0.676
377:0.734
186:β29.1%
84:(EU),
78:CISFTA
14198:Spain
14163:Malta
14143:Italy
14045:Yemen
13985:Tonga
13905:Samoa
13875:Qatar
13820:Niger
13805:Nepal
13730:Macau
13690:Kenya
13675:Japan
13655:India
13635:Haiti
13605:Ghana
13590:Gabon
13570:Egypt
13515:China
13510:Chile
13440:Benin
13009:Γ
land
12923:Spain
12848:Malta
12818:Italy
12617:Women
12562:Sport
12557:Opera
12552:Music
12547:Media
12522:Dance
12495:Kazka
12362:Delta
11819:Goths
11681:(PDF)
11674:(PDF)
11454:(PDF)
11443:(PDF)
11364:(PDF)
11031:(PDF)
11024:(PDF)
10721:(PDF)
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