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Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the Louisiana Superdome

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1097: 1109: 1037: 549: 633:(meals ready to eat), enough to supply 15,000 people for three days. Although FEMA had promised 360,000 military rations, only 40,000 had arrived by that day. However, there was no water purification equipment on site, nor any chemical toilets, antibiotics, or anti-diarrheals stored for a crisis. There were no designated medical staff at work in the evacuation center, no established sick bay within the Superdome, and very few cots available that hadn't been brought in by evacuees. Mayor of New Orleans Ray Nagin had stated that as a "refuge of last resort," only limited food, water, and supplies would be provided. Residents who evacuated to the Superdome were warned to bring their own supplies with them. 590: 1017: 1081: 1053: 731: 1065: 244: 3340: 441: 71: 427: 30: 415: 173: 754:
military officials said they knew nothing about the incidents. False reports of gunshots also disrupted medical evacuations at the dome. However, after a National Guardsman was attacked with a metal rod, the National Guard put up barbed wire barricades to separate and protect themselves from the other people in the dome, and blocked people from exiting. The attacker was later jailed.
722:, chose to repair and renovate the dome beginning in early 2006. The cost to repair the dome was initially stated by Superdome commission chairman Tim Coulon to be up to $ 400 million. However, the eventual cost to renovate and repair the dome was roughly $ 185 million and it was reopened for the Saints' first home game in the city in September 2006. 509:, on both occasions for less than two days at most. Even though the dome never lost power, air conditioning or running water during any of those storms, Superdome manager Doug Thornton recommended after Hurricane Georges for the dome to not be used as a shelter for anybody but special-needs evacuees. In addition, a 738:
As of August 31, there had been three deaths in the Superdome: two elderly medical patients who were suffering from existing illness, and a man who committed suicide by jumping from the upper level seats. Rumours spread in the press of reports of rapes, violent assaults, murders, drug abuse, and gang
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reported that no engineering study had ever been completed on the amount of wind the structure could withstand. The building's engineering study was underway as Hurricane Katrina approached and was put on hold. It was used as an emergency shelter although it was neither designed nor tested for the
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reported that sources close to the Saints' organization said that Benson planned to void his lease agreement with New Orleans by declaring the Superdome unusable. However, the Saints announced that they would be returning to New Orleans, with the first home game taking place on September 25, 2006
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announced that the Superdome would be used as a public shelter. Approximately 10,000 residents, along with about 150 National Guardsmen, sheltered in the Superdome anticipating Katrina's landfall. Security checks were conducted, and people with medical illnesses or disabilities were moved to one
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By August 30, with no air conditioning, temperatures inside the dome had reached the 90s, and the punctured dome at once allowed humidity in and trapped it there. Tempers began to flare as hunger and thirst deepened. Food rotted inside the hundreds of unpowered refrigerators and freezers spread
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stated there were two substantial holes, "each about 15 to 20 feet (6.1 m) long and 4 to 5 feet (1.5 m) wide," and that water was making its way in at elevator shafts and other small openings around the building. Further damage included water damage to the electrical systems, and mold
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The Superdome was built to withstand most natural catastrophes. The roof was estimated to be able to withstand winds with speeds of up to 200 mph (320 km/h) and flood waters were not expected to reach the second level 35 feet (11 m) from the ground. However, when looking into the
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and reported seeing "little babies getting raped" and New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin also said he saw hooligans raping and killing people. While numerous people told the Times-Picayune that they had witnessed the rape of two girls in the ladies' restroom and the killing of one of them, police and
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On August 29, at about 6:20 AM EDT, the electricity supply to the dome failed. The dome's emergency generator was able to power the internal lighting but little else; the building's air conditioning system would no longer operate, nor would the refrigeration system which was keeping food from
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had broken, the Superdome began to fill slowly with water, though it remained confined only to the field level. Later that day, Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco ordered New Orleans to be completely evacuated. By this time, the population of the dome had nearly doubled within two days to
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On September 2, 475 buses were sent by FEMA to pick up evacuees from the dome and the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, where more than 20,000 people had been crowded in similarly poor living conditions. 25,000 evacuees were taken to the Astrodome in
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throughout the building. Blood and feces covered the walls of the facility. According to many, the smell inside the stadium was revolting due to the breakdown of the plumbing system, which included all toilets and urinals in the building, forcing people to
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spoiling. The emergency generator later failed, and engineers had to protect the backup generator from floodwaters by creating a hole in a wall and installing a new fuel line. Medical machines also failed, which prompted a decision to move patients to the
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Despite these previous periods of emergency use, as Katrina approached the city, officials had not stockpiled enough generator fuel, food, and other supplies to handle the needs of the thousands of people seeking safety there. According to an article in
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activity inside the Superdome, most of which were entirely unsubstantiated and without witnesses. Most of these rumors were caused because of the breakdown of cellular service, which prevented the distribution of reliable and accurate information.
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spread. Although 80 percent of the roof had been destroyed, ultimately, the damage to the roof proved not to be catastrophic, with the two repairable holes and the ripping off of most of the replaceable white rubber membrane on the outer layer.
672:. With no power or clean water supply, sanitary conditions within the Superdome had rapidly deteriorated. Evacuees began to break into the luxury suites, concession stands, vending machines, and offices to look for food and other supplies. 521:, "Over the years city officials have stressed that they didn't want to make it too comfortable at the Superdome since it was always safer to leave the city altogether. It's not a hotel," said the emergency preparedness director for 699:. The refugees were given three meals and snacks daily, along with hygiene supplies, and were allowed to use the locker rooms to shower. The Astrodome started to fill up, so authorities began to transfer people to the nearby 3388: 351: 1096: 540:
task. It was already known that the generators would not provide lights or air conditioning for the whole dome if the power failed, and also pumps providing water to second-level restrooms wouldn't function.
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On September 4, NOPD chief Eddie Compass reported, "We don't have any substantiated rapes. We will investigate if the individuals come forward." On that same day, 10 deaths were reported at the Superdome by
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A few hours later, at 9:00 AM EDT, reports from inside the dome were that part of the roof was "peeling off" in the violent winds. Daylight could be seen from inside the dome, and rain was pouring in. The
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Despite the planned use of the Superdome as an evacuation center, government officials at the local, state and federal level were criticized for poor preparation and response, especially
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On September 7, speculation arose that the Superdome was now in such a poor condition that it would have to be demolished. Instead, the State of Louisiana and the operator of the dome,
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in Houston. Troopers "smuggled" 30 Britons and other non-US citizens out of the Dome. This was done as covertly as possible so as to not cause rioting or charges of favoritism.
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approximately 30,000, as helicopters and vehicles capable of cutting through the deep flood waters picked up stranded citizens from hard-hit areas and brought them to the dome.
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on September 26. Four died of natural causes, one had a drug overdose, and one committed suicide. It was confirmed that no one was murdered in the Superdome.
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At midnight that same day, a private helicopter arrived to evacuate some members of the National Guard and their families. They were taken to the
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junction showing most of the white rubber protective membrane over the roof of the Superdome torn away by strong winds during Katrina.
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During the evening on August 31, about 700 elderly and ill patients were transported out by military helicopters and planes from
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Hurricane Katrina was the third time the dome had been used as a public shelter. It was previously used in 1998 during
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article quotes Thornton saying "We're not a hospital. We're not a hotel. We can't house people for five or six days."
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was used as a "shelter of last resort" for those in New Orleans unable to evacuate from the city when
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issued a statement saying that he had not made any decision about the future of the Saints. The
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in the following days. The last large group from the Superdome was evacuated on September 3.
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origins of the claims about 200 mph (320 km/h) wind security in the Superdome,
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in Houston. The 2006 Bayou Classic returned to the Superdome and has been there since.
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Carney, James; Tumulty, Karen; Ripley, Amanda; Thompson, Mark (September 13, 2005).
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On August 31, it was announced that the Superdome evacuees would be moved to the
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After the events surrounding Katrina, the Superdome was not used during the
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Local residents gathering outside of the Superdome on September 2, 2005.
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Diary from the Dome: Reflections on Fear and Privilege During Katrina
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When the serious flooding of the city began on August 30 after the
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Satellite view of the Superdome showing the damaged roof with the
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side of the dome with supplies and medical personnel. Maj. Gen.
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People seeking shelter in the Superdome before the arrival of
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The Superdome with the newly repaired roof, August 15, 2006.
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McFadden, Robert D.; Blumenthal, Ralph (September 1, 2005).
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Rosenblatt, Susannah; Rainey, James (September 27, 2005).
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Thevenot, Brian; Russell, Gordon (September 26, 2005).
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Temporary home venues in 2005 due to Hurricane Katrina
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Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the New Orleans Hornets
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For detailed information on the effect on Tulane, see
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Refugees on the field inside the Superdome, August 28.
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Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the New Orleans Saints
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Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the New Orleans Saints
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First delivery to the Superdome on August 31, 2005.
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Their first game, against 804:played four of their scheduled home games at 734:People wait outside the Superdome, August 31. 466: 2585:"32nd annual Bayou Classic moved to Houston" 2119:"Reports of anarchy at Superdome overstated" 2240: 1985:"Dome closed for a year, could be scrapped" 1946: 58:Learn how and when to remove these messages 20:Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans 3270: 3256: 2708: 2694: 1312:"Governor: Evac Superdome, Rescue Centers" 1301: 649:and sinks. Some people even chose to wear 473: 459: 242: 312:Effects in the Southeastern United States 220:Learn how and when to remove this message 155:Learn how and when to remove this message 2427: 1982: 1960:. CNN. September 7, 2005. Archived from 1774:"Military due to move in to New Orleans" 1155: 729: 588: 547: 197:of all important aspects of the article. 2493: 2460: 2247:Andrews, Michelle (September 6, 2005). 2246: 1888: 1468:"Stop Blaming Me for Hurricane Katrina" 1439: 497:Past hurricanes and Katrina preparation 3435: 2715: 2668:"Will tourists return to New Orleans?" 2361: 2318:from the original on September 5, 2005 2274: 1860: 1720: 1634: 1408: 1375: 1289:from the original on September 3, 2005 1276: 1213:"4 Places Where the System Broke Down" 1184: 997:, was moved from the Superdome to the 785: 193:Please consider expanding the lead to 3277: 3251: 2689: 2612:"Houston ready to host Bayou Classic" 2609: 2336: 2174: 2172: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2078: 2076: 2074: 1924:"Convention Center Opens To Evacuees" 1746: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1490: 1347: 1326:from the original on February 7, 2006 1156:Sullivan, Laura (23 September 2005). 759:Louis Armstrong International Airport 691:, while another 25,000 were taken to 2277:"Murder and rape - fact or fiction?" 2055:. September 20, 2006. Archived from 1954:"New Orleans will force evacuations" 1889:Teather, David (September 5, 2005). 1669:Associated Press (August 31, 2005). 1558:"Superdome evacuees head to Houston" 1376:Gilman, Victoria (August 29, 2005). 1343: 1341: 1242: 1240: 1180: 1178: 1136:New Orleans Morial Convention Center 868: 780: 543: 414: 166: 93:adding citations to reliable sources 64: 23: 2494:Jenkins, Lee (September 26, 2006). 2362:Solnit, Rebecca (August 25, 2009). 2249:"Britons describe hurricane ordeal" 1930:. September 3, 2005. Archived from 1838:. September 5, 2005. Archived from 1780:. September 2, 2005. Archived from 1747:Frank, Thomas (September 1, 2005). 1721:Martin, Florian (August 17, 2015). 1635:Doward, Jamie (September 3, 2005). 1614:"How Places of Refuge went to Hell" 1588:"Britons describe hurricane ordeal" 1409:Martel, Brett (September 8, 2005). 1248:"Louisiana Superdome Turns Shelter" 946: 725: 623:Federal Emergency Management Agency 13: 3352:Southeastern United States effects 2674:. October 11, 2005. Archived from 2557: 2415:"Flashback: Saints Return to Dome" 2308:"New Orleans Begins Counting Dead" 2275:Younge, Gary (September 5, 2005). 2169: 2105: 2071: 2023:. January 31, 2006. Archived from 1983:Anderson, Ed (September 7, 2005). 1861:Norris, Mark (September 6, 2005). 1515: 1258:from the original on June 28, 2013 957:University of Southern Mississippi 878:University of Southern Mississippi 763:Ellington Field Joint Reserve Base 575:Ernest N. Morial Convention Center 14: 3464: 2461:Orsborn, Tom (October 21, 2005). 2430:"Benson: No Saints decision made" 2428:Anderson, Ed (October 22, 2005). 2151:"'Desperate SOS' for New Orleans" 1863:"Katrina refugees come to Dallas" 1832:"Curfew In Place At Reliant Park" 1564:. August 31, 2005. Archived from 1465: 1348:Scott, Gold (September 1, 2005). 1338: 1237: 1175: 863: 709:George R. Brown Convention Center 602:Lack of supplies and organization 39:This article has multiple issues. 3338: 3320:Criticism of government response 2899:"When the Saints Go Marching In" 2610:Lewis, Ted (September 8, 2005). 2529:"Saints sell out season tickets" 1624:from the original on 2022-01-22. 1491:Nolan, Bruce (August 28, 2005). 1440:DeBarry, Jarvis (June 1, 2015). 1277:Filosa, gwen (August 29, 2005). 1185:Tanier, Mike (August 19, 2015). 1107: 1095: 1079: 1074:to the right on August 30, 2005. 1063: 1051: 1035: 1015: 963:was moved from the Superdome to 931:was moved from the Superdome to 922: 884:, was played on September 17 at 836:, which resulted in a 23–3 win. 439: 425: 413: 302:Criticism of government response 171: 69: 28: 2660: 2634: 2603: 2577: 2551: 2521: 2487: 2454: 2421: 2407: 2391:. 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The Mountaineers won, 38–35. 185:may be too short to adequately 80:needs additional citations for 47:or discuss these issues on the 2560:"Tulane Cancels Fall Semester" 1402: 1369: 1270: 1204: 1149: 252:2005 Atlantic hurricane season 195:provide an accessible overview 1: 2463:"Benson to bail on Superdome" 1142: 974: 741:New Orleans Police Department 3443:Effects of Hurricane Katrina 3231:National Football Conference 3118:Conference championships (1) 2961:Steve Gleason's blocked punt 2941:Dempsey's 63-yard field goal 2337:Lopez, German (2015-08-23). 882:Mississippi State University 7: 3217:Current league affiliations 2889:Effect of Hurricane Katrina 1119: 839:On October 21, 2005, owner 830:East Rutherford, New Jersey 493:struck on August 29, 2005. 10: 3469: 3062:Division championships (9) 1138:, Katrina evacuation point 1008: 937:Grambling State University 914: 789: 17: 3453:Tropical cyclones in 2005 3402: 3347: 3336: 3285: 3216: 3170: 3149: 3133: 3117: 3061: 3025: 2989: 2928: 2856: 2812: 2756: 2725: 961:Arkansas State University 505:and again in 2004 during 3305:New Orleans preparations 3225:National Football League 3134:League championships (1) 2558:AP (September 2, 2005). 2468:San Antonio Express-News 992:West Virginia University 846:San Antonio Express-News 567:Louisiana National Guard 2794:First-round draft picks 2496:"An Emotional Recovery" 2179:Paul A. Harris (2008). 677:Lamar Dixon Expo Center 645:in other areas such as 327:Memorial Medical Center 3412:International response 3389:Infrastructural repair 3295:Meteorological history 2736:New Orleans, Louisiana 1868:The Daily Campus (SMU) 1620:. September 15, 2005. 1254:. September 16, 2004. 750:The Oprah Winfrey Show 735: 598: 553: 382:International response 352:Infrastructure repairs 317:Effects in New Orleans 271:Meteorological history 2799:Starting quarterbacks 2314:. September 4, 2005. 1842:on September 17, 2005 1784:on September 12, 2005 1568:on September 12, 2005 1421:on September 12, 2005 1225:on September 12, 2005 1022:Photo taken from the 985:University of Georgia 953:2005 New Orleans Bowl 890:Shreveport, Louisiana 857:Monday Night Football 790:Further information: 733: 617:, Louisiana Governor 592: 563:Bennett C. Landreneau 551: 3026:Wild card berths (5) 3017:Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2951:Ricky Williams trade 2622:on September 8, 2005 2591:. 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Effects of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans
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"Effect of Hurricane Katrina on the Louisiana Superdome"
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Hurricane Katrina

2005 Atlantic hurricane season
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Tornado outbreak
Economic effects
Political effects
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Social effects

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