349:
334:
36:
1123:
Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia (Nabataea, Arabia, Provincia, S. Arabia, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Assyria, Persia, Alexandrine Empire of the East, Persis, Elymais, Characene)
306:, the Macedonian king who first reigned over the Greeks. So came and tried to take the city and plunder it, but he could not because his plan had become known to the citizens." Jewish historian
677:
Gzella, H. (2008) Aramaic in the
Parthian Period: The Arsacid Inscriptions. In Gzella, H. & Folmer, M.L. (Eds.) Aramaic in its Historical and Linguistic Setting. Wiesbaden. P. 107-130
1334:
419:
chancellery script. However, there is no evidence that
Aramaic was a spoken language in Elymais. It is recorded only in coins (since Orodes III) and inscriptions, such as those of
310:
writes that the author of 1 Maccabees was "mistaken" - "Elymais was not a city but a country" - and that "no story about treasures left in
Elymais is mentioned elsewhere".
457:
From 140/139 BC, Elymais was then under direct
Parthian control for several decades, with occasional rebellions, until around 82 BC. Known usurpers or rebels include:
200:
175:
595:
Kamnaskires III's and Anzaze's coins are attested 82â75 BC. Shayegan (2011) speculated that they ruled until having diplomatic dealings with the Roman general
582:
Shayegan (2011) speculates that an
Elamite prince referenced in Babylonian sources, Kamnaskires Soter, was placed on the Elamite throne by the Parthian king
376:. The royal picture is generally based on Parthian coinage, usually with an anchor with a star in crescent figure. The reverse has a figure or bust of
706:
608:
Kamnaskires VI is always depicted as old on his coins, perhaps reflecting records of an unidentified
Kamnaskires living to the age of 96.
1260:
298:: the narrative there states that "its temple was very rich, containing golden coverings, breastplates, and weapons left there by
1354:
1215:
1175:
762:
569:
Rezakhani (2013) placed
Okkonapses significantly earlier, as a local rebel already in 188â187 BC, against the Seleucid king
432:
76:
1277:
1196:
1285:
1234:
1156:
726:
1268:
665:
35:
1329:
686:
690:
321:
lay to the east of the territory of
Elymais. The kingdom of Elymais survived until its extinction by a
231:) was an autonomous state of the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD, frequently a vassal under
451:
1344:
1339:
1008:
1006:
710:
396:
570:
264:
1003:
599:
in 62/61 after which they were replaced by the
Parthians with their son, also named Kamnaskires.
1261:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051223234605/http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/elymais/elymais.html
1166:
Rezakhani, Khodadad (2013). "Arsacid, Elymaean and Persid coinage". In Potts, Daniel T. (ed.).
295:
1186:
1102:
895:
412:
364:
king or a local ruler, as such information has not come to light. These coins were based on
1349:
536:
515:
392:
303:
8:
1118:
509:
299:
118:
939:
1250:
796:
779:
1188:
Arsacids and
Sasanians: Political Ideology in Post-Hellenistic and Late Antique Persia
586:
after Tigraios's defeat and ruled Elymais 133â130 BC. Other scholars omit this figure.
333:
1230:
1211:
1192:
1171:
1152:
1130:
758:
722:
524:
287:
276:
1030:
348:
1324:
1255:
791:
741:
404:
272:
399:
spoken in eastern Mesopotamia, has been recorded in Elymais until the rise of the
388:
didn't know Greek or copied from coins whose writing was already unintelligible).
1272:
1146:
702:
503:
474:
416:
400:
338:
307:
268:
232:
193:
180:
50:
633:
1126:
484:
1134:
1318:
1300:
1287:
1097:
714:
420:
365:
224:
842:
840:
381:
236:
380:
with text around it, an eagle, or often only elongated dots (this has led
987:
583:
373:
291:
279:
250 years before the kingdom of Elymais came into existence. A number of
263:
The Elymaeans were reputed to be skilled archers. In 187 BC, they killed
1265:
837:
959:
314:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
244:
1141:
Pakzadian, Hasan. "The Coins of Elymais", Tehran, 2007. (in Persian)
1050:
385:
322:
252:
883:
546:
408:
377:
361:
280:
240:
596:
478:
403:. The chancellery of Elymais developed its own variant of the
369:
360:
of Elymais depicted a king; it is not known whether this was a
342:
286:
The region's "wealth in silver and gold" is referred to in the
251:). Most of the population probably descended from the ancient
357:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
433:
List of Elamite kings § Elymais (c. 147 BCâAD 221/222)
318:
248:
228:
60:
873:
871:
1335:
States and territories established in the 2nd century BC
1073:
915:
856:
804:
975:
927:
868:
825:
1229:. Translated by Azodi, Azizeh. London: I. B. Tauris.
1170:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 766â777.
294:, which refers to Elymais as a "city" of interest to
1208:
Catalogue of Elymaean Coinage: Ca. 147 B.C.-A.D. 228
395:, which was more conservative than the contemporary
780:"Aramaic Traces through Coins in the Iranian World"
271:. Nothing is known of their language, even though
313:The provinces of Elymais were Massabatice (later
1316:
755:Aramaic in Its Historical and Linguistic Setting
1205:
889:
49:Autonomous state, frequently a vassal of the
1151:. Oxford University Press. pp. 1â1021.
752:
721:(Online ed.). Oxford University Press.
415:, apparently influenced by the contemporary
235:control. It was located at the head of the
1224:
1036:
1012:
993:
949:
905:
850:
819:
352:Coin of Phraates, Early-mid 2nd century AD
34:
1210:. Lancaster: Classical Numismatic Group.
1191:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1165:
1079:
1063:
1040:
1016:
997:
965:
921:
909:
862:
795:
757:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 112.
701:
627:
625:
1184:
945:
933:
901:
877:
846:
831:
493:Kamnaskires VI (mid/late 1st century AD)
347:
332:
1095:
1067:
1044:
1024:
40:Approximate extent of Elymais in 51 BC.
1317:
777:
753:Gzella, Holger; Folmer, M. L. (2008).
622:
438:
325:invasion in the early 3rd century AD.
267:after he had pillaged their temple of
258:
255:, who once had control of that area.
1266:http://www.seleukids.org/Elymais.html
1256:About Elymais and the type of coinage
1227:Ancient Persia: from 550 BC to 650 AD
1144:
521:Phraates (late 1st/early 2nd century)
16:Parthian vassal state (147 BCâ224 AD)
1117:
1020:
981:
969:
953:
341:, king of the Elymais, and his wife
283:inscriptions are found in Elymais.
1148:The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran
631:
530:Orodes III with Ulfan (2nd century)
490:Kamnaskires V (late 1st century BC)
13:
797:10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2018.82.101
497:
14:
1366:
1278:Some history and coin definitions
1244:
1206:van't Haaff, Pieter Anne (2007).
666:Persepolis Fortification Archive
662:Persepolis Fortification Tablets
426:
198:
173:
1168:Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran
1089:
778:Ć afiÊżÄ«, I. (30 December 2018).
602:
589:
576:
563:
227:form of the more ancient name,
1145:Potts, Daniel T., ed. (2017).
771:
746:
735:
695:
680:
671:
650:
460:Okkonapses (c. 139/138â137 BC)
1:
1355:Former countries in West Asia
615:
540:
445:
407:, which was characterized by
691:New Revised Standard Version
518:(late 1st/early 2nd century)
411:letters and frequent use of
7:
1185:Shayegan, M. Rahim (2011).
719:The Oxford Bible Commentary
658:Persepolis Treasury Tablets
243:(the present-day region of
10:
1371:
1225:Wiesehöfer, Josef (1996).
501:
430:
328:
1096:Hansman, John F. (1998).
452:Kamnaskires II Nikephoros
317:), Corbiane and Gabiane.
152:
148:
138:
128:
124:
114:
110:
100:
90:
86:
74:
66:
56:
45:
33:
28:
21:
660:(1948), and R. Hallock,
556:
466:Darius Soter (c. 129 BC)
463:Tigraios (c. 137â132 BC)
397:Late Old Eastern Aramaic
533:Abar-Basi (2nd century)
431:For a fuller list, see
265:Antiochus III the Great
1330:140s BC establishments
552:Orodes V (3rd century)
353:
345:
296:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
275:was still used by the
140:âą Disestablished
1127:Order of the Trustees
1103:Encyclopaedia Iranica
904:, pp. 118, 325;
444:Kamnaskires I Soter (
368:standards of debased
351:
336:
1119:Hill, George Francis
784:The Oriental Studies
638:EncyclopĂŠdia Iranica
384:to believe that the
1297: /
956:, p. clxxxvii.
892:, pp. 6â7, 61.
469:Pittit (125â124 BC)
439:Kamnaskirid dynasty
259:General information
130:âą Established
119:Classical antiquity
96:Kamnaskires I Soter
1271:2007-01-14 at the
984:, p. clxxxix.
972:, p. clxxxix.
512:(late 1st century)
354:
346:
102:âą 221/222 AD
92:âą ca. 147 BC
1301:32.317°N 48.433°E
1217:978-0-9709268-8-3
1177:978-0-19-973330-9
764:978-3-447-05787-5
687:1 Maccabees 6:1â3
664:(1969). See also
632:Hansman, John F.
288:deutero-canonical
277:Achaemenid Empire
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
186:
185:
29:147 BCâ221/222 AD
1362:
1312:
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1308:
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1240:
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1138:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1083:
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1071:
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1048:
1034:
1028:
1023:, p. cxci;
1010:
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985:
979:
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931:
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919:
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890:van't Haaff 2007
887:
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835:
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744:
742:Coins of Elymais
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733:
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703:Rappaport, Uriel
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629:
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487:(1st century BC)
481:(c. 82â62/61 BC)
447:
405:Aramaic alphabet
202:
201:
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177:
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79:
38:
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18:
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1345:Ancient peoples
1340:Parthian Empire
1315:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1273:Wayback Machine
1251:Elymais coinage
1247:
1237:
1218:
1199:
1178:
1159:
1108:
1106:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1066:, p. 773;
1062:
1051:
1043:, p. 773;
1039:, p. 318;
1037:Wiesehöfer 1996
1035:
1031:
1019:, p. 773;
1015:, p. 318;
1013:Wiesehöfer 1996
1011:
1004:
996:, p. 318;
994:Wiesehöfer 1996
992:
988:
980:
976:
968:, p. 772;
964:
960:
952:, p. 318;
950:Wiesehöfer 1996
948:, p. 325;
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
916:
908:, p. 318;
906:Wiesehöfer 1996
900:
896:
888:
884:
876:
869:
861:
857:
851:Wiesehöfer 1996
849:, p. 122;
845:
838:
830:
826:
820:Wiesehöfer 1996
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805:
790:(82): 101â122.
776:
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504:Arsacid dynasty
500:
498:Arsacid dynasty
475:Kamnaskires III
454:(c. 147â139 BC)
441:
436:
429:
339:Kamnaskires III
331:
308:Uriel Rappaport
261:
199:
194:Sasanian Empire
181:Seleucid Empire
174:
141:
131:
103:
93:
77:King of Elymais
75:
51:Parthian Empire
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1368:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
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1306:32.317; 48.433
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1280:
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1245:External links
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1242:
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1198:978-0521766418
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1084:
1082:, p. 773.
1080:Rezakhani 2013
1072:
1064:Rezakhani 2013
1049:
1041:Rezakhani 2013
1029:
1017:Rezakhani 2013
1002:
1000:, p. 772.
998:Rezakhani 2013
986:
974:
966:Rezakhani 2013
958:
938:
936:, p. 325.
926:
924:, p. 772.
922:Rezakhani 2013
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912:, p. 772.
910:Rezakhani 2013
894:
882:
880:, p. 122.
867:
865:, p. 771.
863:Rezakhani 2013
855:
853:, p. 318.
836:
834:, p. 118.
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822:, p. 318.
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707:"1 Maccabees"
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427:List of kings
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1107:. Retrieved
1101:
1090:Bibliography
1075:
1068:Hansman 1998
1045:Hansman 1998
1032:
1025:Hansman 1998
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711:Barton, John
697:
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641:. Retrieved
637:
604:
591:
578:
565:
390:
382:numismatists
374:Tetradrachms
355:
312:
285:
262:
237:Persian Gulf
220:
216:
215:
163:Succeeded by
162:
157:
1350:Numismatics
1304: /
656:G. Cameron
584:Phraates II
292:1 Maccabees
158:Preceded by
1319:Categories
1135:1041623470
1125:. London:
643:2012-12-24
616:References
502:See also:
315:Masabadhan
223:(áŒÎ»Ï
ΌαÎÏ,
144:221/222 AD
67:Government
1098:"Elymais"
1021:Hill 1922
982:Hill 1922
970:Hill 1922
954:Hill 1922
634:"ELYMAIS"
537:Orodes IV
516:Orodes II
413:ligatures
401:Sasanians
386:engravers
300:Alexander
245:Khuzestan
1269:Archived
1121:(1922).
717:(eds.).
705:(2001).
543:165/170)
510:Orodes I
417:Parthian
362:Parthian
337:Coin of
323:Sasanian
253:Elamites
233:Parthian
225:Hellenic
106:Orodes V
70:Monarchy
1325:Elymais
1292:48°26âČE
1289:32°19âČN
1109:4 March
547:Khwasak
409:cursive
393:Aramaic
378:Artemis
370:Drachms
329:Coinage
302:son of
281:Aramaic
273:Elamite
241:Susiana
221:Elamais
217:Elymais
57:Capital
23:Elymais
1233:
1214:
1195:
1174:
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539:(from
525:Osroes
479:Anzaze
343:Anzaze
304:Philip
134:147 BC
82:
46:Status
709:. In
557:Notes
477:with
366:Greek
358:coins
290:work
1231:ISBN
1212:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1131:OCLC
1111:2022
788:2018
759:ISBN
723:ISBN
372:and
356:The
319:Susa
249:Iran
229:Elam
61:Susa
792:doi
269:Bel
239:in
219:or
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