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39:
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699:(July 6–14). At the Potomac, the Confederates found that rising waters and destroyed pontoon bridges prevented their immediate crossing. Erecting substantial defensive works, they awaited the arrival of the Union army, which had been pursuing over longer roads more to the south of Lee's route. Before Meade could perform adequate reconnaissance and attack the Confederate fortifications, Lee's army escaped across fords and a hastily rebuilt bridge.
584:
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552:. Recognizing the vulnerability of Ewell's immense wagon train in the narrow Monterey Pass, Jones asked permission from Stuart to use his entire brigade to defend it. Stuart allowed the 6th and 7th Virginia Cavalry regiments and a battery of horse artillery under Capt. Roger Preston Chew to be assigned. The 7th Virginia was soon recalled, replaced by the 4th North Carolina Cavalry of Robertson's Brigade.
487:
580:
positions on both sides of the road. When the
Federals returned, Emack's men waited patiently until they were about 10 yards away and opened fire. The Union cavalrymen were convinced they were opposed by a much larger force. While this standoff continued, Ewell's wagons were moving as swiftly as possible to get out of range of the Union cavalry threat.
564:, a brigade commander under Kilpatrick, received intelligence from a local civilian that the rear of Ewell's wagon train was approaching a large summer resort hotel named Monterey Springs, which sat atop the Pass. Despite being warned of a Confederate artillery placement ahead, Kilpatrick ordered his entire force to advance. A single
530:
872:
Huntington, pp. 131-33; Wittenberg et al., 49-74; Sears, pp. 480-81; Brown, pp. 142, 144, 184; Coddington, p. 548; Gottfried, pp. 278-81; Longacre, pp. 249-50. The number of wagons captured is disputed. Brown reports that local residents cited "400 or 500". Longacre cites sources for 40 (Stuart) and
579:
approached Emack's men, the cannon opened fire and eight of the
Marylanders conducted a mounted charge into the head of the Union column. In the dark and the heavy rain, the Union cavalrymen were taken by surprise and many of them retreated in panic. The Confederate cavalrymen dismounted and took up
478:
However, the first traffic on the
Fairfield Road had begun on the evening of July 3, when Ewell, concerned about the logistical challenges of the impending retreat, sent his corps trains and herds of captured cattle ahead of his main body. He divided his wagons into three columns. The first used the
591:
By the time
Grumble Jones was able to make his way to the scene through the crowded roads, the small Maryland detachment had been driven back several hundred yards, almost to the road junction being used by the wagon train. By this time less than one half of the train had made it safely through the
412:
and that he had to return his battered army to
Virginia. His ability to supply his army by living off the Pennsylvania countryside was now significantly reduced and the Union could easily bring up additional reinforcements as time passed, whereas he could not. Prior to the movement of the infantry
608:. The advance of the 5th and 6th Michigan Cavalry regiments was slowed by the darkness, difficult terrain, and dense undergrowth. The tiny group of Marylanders, supported by a few cavalrymen from the 4th North Carolina of Robertson's Brigade, had delayed the Union advance for nearly five hours.
631:
The Union cavalrymen crashed into the column of now lightly protected wagons. Custer, in his enthusiasm for the charge, was thrown from his horse and nearly captured. Grumble Jones also narrowly avoided capture. Pennington's artillery began shelling the wagons toward the rear of the column,
639:
Union troopers rode all the way through the wagon train until they reached Ewell's infantry and captured large numbers of prisoners before returning to repeat the effort. They erected hasty barricades in front of the wagon train to protect what they had captured. More than 1,300
475:. Lee accompanied Hill at the head of the column. Departing in the dark, Lee had the advantage of getting several hours head start and the route from the west side of the battlefield to Williamsport was about half as long as the ones available to the Army of the Potomac.
518:. Assuming that Ewell's corps wagon train was actually the main supply trains for Lee's army, Kilpatrick moved out aggressively at 10 a.m. on July 4, proceeding west on the Waynesboro-Emmitsburg Turnpike toward the village of Fountain Dale (just east of present-day
599:
Kilpatrick brought forward two guns of horse artillery from Lt. Alexander C. M. Pennington's
Battery M, 2nd U.S. Artillery, supported by men of the 1st Ohio Cavalry. South of the hotel, a bridge on the road had not been destroyed by the Confederates and Col.
369:
attacked the retreating
Confederate column. After a lengthy delay in which a small detachment of Maryland cavalrymen delayed Kilpatrick's division, the Union cavalrymen captured numerous Confederate prisoners and destroyed hundreds of wagons.
707:
The history of the
Monterey Pass battle is commemorated by the Monterey Pass Battlefield Park and Museum, which opened in 2015. Multiple historical markers are present near the site, including a Pennsylvania marker installed in 1940, and a
644:. Kilpatrick later reported that he had destroyed Ewell's entire wagon train, although he had in fact encountered only a fraction of the full, 40-mile long train. The Confederates lost about 250 wagons and ambulances with casualties from
640:
Confederates—primarily wounded men in ambulances, but also slaves, free blacks, and some cavalrymen—were captured and most of the wagons were destroyed. Many of the mules survived and were turned over to the
Cavalry Corps
632:
splintering carriages and blocking any opportunity for retreat. The Union and
Confederate cavalrymen became thoroughly mixed up among the wagons and the enemies were unable to differentiate themselves in the darkness. Several
619:. Capehart's 640 officers and men charged what they imagined to be "five times" their numbers. In hand-to-hand fighting with sabers and revolvers, they seized the Confederate cannon and Capehart was later awarded the
1785:
497:
Early on July 4 Meade sent his cavalry to strike the enemy's rear and lines of communication so as to "harass and annoy him as much as possible in his retreat." Eight cavalry brigades took to the field. Col.
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2130:
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752:
Huntington, pp. 131-33; Wittenberg et al., 49-74; Sears, pp. 480-81; Brown, pp. 128-36, 184; Coddington, p. 548; Gottfried, pp. 278-81; Longacre, pp. 249-50. A historical marker on
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and Emack ordered his men to hold their ground and conserve their ammunition. Meanwhile, elements of Jones's cavalry attacked Huey's brigade in the rear of Kilpatrick's column.
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The remaining Confederate force on the road up the hill to the Pass consisted of a detachment of 20 dismounted cavalrymen under Capt. George M. Emack from the
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of the 5th Michigan Cavalry requested reinforcements to make a mounted charge across the bridge. Kilpatrick ordered Custer to make the attack with his full
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Cashtown Gap, the second the Fairfield Gap, and the third the Monterey Pass. The wagons headed for Monterey Pass followed the route of Maj. Gen.
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understood the importance of securing the mountain passes and he assigned the primary responsibility to the cavalry brigades of Brig. Gens.
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duel ensued, causing some damage to the small town. Kilpatrick withdrew at dark "to save my prisoners, animals, and wagons" and arrived at
612:
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502:'s brigade moved toward Cashtown via Hunterstown and the Mummasburg Road, but all of the others moved south of Gettysburg. Brig. Gen.
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dedicated at the museum's opening. The Michigan historical marker is one of eight located outside the state of Michigan.
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One Continuous Fight: The Retreat from Gettysburg and the Pursuit of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, July 4â14, 1863
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Lee's retreat continued to the Potomac, as minor combat operations—primarily cavalry actions—occurred at
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of Courtney's Battery fired a shot at the Union horsemen, but the gunners withdrew before they could be attacked.
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and artillery, however, Lee was concerned with removing his long train of wagons, supplies, and wounded men over
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around 2 p.m. on July 5. Stuart arrived from over South Mountain with the brigades of Chambliss and Ferguson. A
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While Imboden's wagons moved northwest, Lee designated a shorter route for his three corps: southwest through
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At about 3 a.m. on July 5, as the Michigan Brigade continued to move slowly forward, Kilpatrick sent in the
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did not counterattack by the evening of July 4, Lee realized that he could accomplish nothing more in his
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956:"Battle of Monterey Pass documentary by Historical Entertainment premieres Saturday, March 12"
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The Maps of Gettysburg: An Atlas of the Gettysburg Campaign, June 3 – June 13, 1863
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Brown, pp. 124, 130; Wittenberg et al., pp. 52-54; Gottfried, p. 278; Coddington, p. 543.
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Pennsylvania Civil War Trails: The Guide to Battle Sites, Monuments, Museums and Towns
421:. He sent the majority of the wagons and ambulances under the direction of Brig. Gen.
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Brigades and of three artillery battalions, as well as 37 wagons from Maj. Gen.
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Coddington, pp. 537-39; Gottfried, pp. 278-80; Wittenberg et al., pp. 5, 39.
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incidents occurred as Union troopers accidentally fired on their own lines.
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Retreat from Gettysburg: Lee, Logistics, & the Pennsylvania Campaign
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for his gallant service. The road was open to attack the wagon train.
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452:
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uses the term "Fight" for the "Monterey Gap" action, Longacre uses "
664:
Following the fight at Monterey Pass, Kilpatrickâs division reached
486:
761:
378:
For additional combat in the area of this military engagement, see
583:
1054:
Wittenberg, Eric J., J. David Petruzzi, and Michael F. Nugent.
1121:, Emmitsburg Area Historical Society. accessed March 9, 2009.
764:". All of the other references use the name "Monterey Pass".
1984:
717:
Ten Days and Still They Come â The Battle at Monterey Pass
1095:
Custer: The Controversial Life of George Armstrong Custer
983:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
575:, along with a single cannon. As Union troopers from the
459:
headed out onto the Fairfield Road, followed by Lt. Gen.
2355:
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
506:'s cavalry division joined up with the brigade of Col.
827:
Wittenberg et al., pp. 59-60; Brown, pp. 124, 130-32.
676:(spelled Boonsborough at that time) before midnight.
873:
150 (Union Col. Pennock Huey). Huntington cites 300.
773:
Coddington, pp. 536-38; Wittenberg et al., pp. 1-6.
397:following his army's defeat on July 3, 1863. When
335:beginning the evening of July 4, 1863, during the
2350:Battles of the American Civil War in Pennsylvania
425:over the Chambersburg Pike, which passed through
2331:
854:Brown, pp. 135-37; Wittenberg et al., pp. 64-66.
836:Brown, pp. 133-34; Wittenberg et al., pp. 60-61.
1043:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986.
715:A 40-minute documentary on the battle entitled
1970:
1779:
1150:
592:Pass. Jones promised reinforcements from the
188:
2365:South Mountain Range (MarylandâPennsylvania)
1080:. 2nd ed. Dayton, OH: Gatehouse Press 2009.
1028:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2007.
818:Wittenberg et al., pp. 54-58; Brown, p. 131.
809:Wittenberg et al., pp. 50-52; Brown, p. 127.
626:
996:The Gettysburg Campaign; a study in command
906:Monterey Pass Battlefield Park & Museum
1977:
1963:
1786:
1772:
1157:
1143:
195:
181:
2345:Union victories of the American Civil War
1671:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
555:
2360:History of Franklin County, Pennsylvania
1097:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
953:
582:
540:Confederate cavalry commander Maj. Gen.
528:
485:
1898:Battery B, Pennsylvania Light Artillery
1164:
352:Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia
202:
2332:
1986:Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
1811:Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
1958:
1767:
1138:
1125:Monterey Pass Battlefield Association
448:to Hagerstown. After dark on July 4,
176:
164:43 (5 killed, 10 wounded, 28 missing)
2314:
2260:Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center
1746:
2291:72nd Pennsylvania Infantry Monument
1118:Monterey Pass: The Gateway of Agony
13:
2340:Battles of the Gettysburg campaign
1070:
954:Harbaugh, Stephanie (2011-03-04).
734:Brown, p. 128; Huntington, p. 132.
656:'s division quartermaster trains.
14:
2386:
1109:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2233:Civil War Museum of Philadelphia
2126:
2125:
2092:
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1893:2nd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery
1745:
1736:
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1058:. New York: Savas Beatie, 2008.
1013:. New York: Savas Beatie, 2007.
112:
100:
37:
16:Battle of the American Civil War
2281:The Pennsylvania State Memorial
947:
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894:
885:
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866:
857:
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839:
830:
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573:1st Maryland Cavalry Battalion
326:Fight at Monterey Pass (or Gap)
1130:Monterey Pass Battlefield Park
998:. New York: Scribner's, 1968.
812:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
746:
737:
728:
1:
1795:Franklin County, Pennsylvania
973:
926:"Michigan Historical Markers"
882:Wittenberg et al., pp. 81-86.
863:Wittenberg et al., pp. 66-69.
845:Wittenberg et al., pp. 62-64.
791:Wittenberg et al., pp. 49-50.
373:
72:Franklin County, Pennsylvania
2248:Gettysburg National Cemetery
1867:Burning of Caledonia Furnace
691:(July 7 and 10), and around
659:
24:Fight at Monterey Pass (Gap)
7:
1888:126th Pennsylvania Infantry
154:wagon train, cavalry escort
10:
2391:
2187:Satterlee General Hospital
1883:77th Pennsylvania Infantry
710:Michigan historical marker
550:William E. "Grumble" Jones
535:William E. "Grumble" Jones
393:to begin withdrawing from
377:
136:William E. "Grumble" Jones
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2238:National Civil War Museum
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1992:
1906:
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1833:
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1626:Army of Northern Virginia
1624:
1616:Medal of Honor recipients
1550:
1445:
1339:
1293:
1243:
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1181:
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1078:Gettysburg Campaign Atlas
1041:The Cavalry at Gettysburg
702:
627:Attacking the wagon train
613:1st West Virginia Cavalry
391:Army of Northern Virginia
214:
158:
145:
124:
93:
50:
36:
28:
23:
902:"Preserving the History"
722:
389:ordered his Confederate
2276:North Carolina Monument
2269:Monuments and memorials
1862:Burning of Chambersburg
1834:Fights & Skirmishes
1818:Campaigns & Battles
979:Brown, Kent Masterson.
891:Coddington, pp. 550-74.
337:Retreat from Gettysburg
279:Retreat from Gettysburg
2243:Gettysburg Battlefield
2182:Mower General Hospital
2121:Susquehanna department
2116:Monongahela department
2061:Greencastle skirmishes
1711:Gettysburg Battlefield
1009:Gottfried, Bradley M.
930:Michigan GIS Open Data
758:Gettysburg Battlefield
719:was released in 2011.
588:
587:Fight at Monterey Pass
556:Engagement in the Pass
537:
494:
125:Commanders and leaders
2223:Civil War museums and
2192:York General Hospital
2039:Fights and skirmishes
1993:Campaigns and battles
1472:Joshua L. Chamberlain
1412:J. Johnston Pettigrew
994:Coddington, Edwin B.
586:
532:
526:) and Monterey Pass.
524:Pennsylvania Route 16
489:
354:, withdrew after the
159:Casualties and losses
2370:1863 in Pennsylvania
2131:Units and formations
1542:Gouverneur K. Warren
1115:Miller, John Allen,
1039:Longacre, Edward G.
594:6th Virginia Cavalry
577:5th Michigan Cavalry
546:Beverly H. Robertson
512:Emmitsburg, Maryland
435:Hagerstown, Maryland
429:in the direction of
367:H. Judson Kilpatrick
356:Battle of Gettysburg
140:Beverly H. Robertson
58:July 4–5, 1863
45:Battle of Gettysburg
2286:Smith Memorial Arch
2140:Posts and hospitals
2070:Cities and counties
2000:Gettysburg Campaign
1825:Gettysburg Campaign
1552:Army of the Potomac
1497:Winfield S. Hancock
1362:Richard H. Anderson
1357:E. Porter Alexander
1166:Gettysburg Campaign
617:Charles E. Capehart
566:12-pounder Napoleon
410:Gettysburg Campaign
406:Army of the Potomac
333:military engagement
249:Fairfax Court House
219:Franklin's Crossing
206:Gettysburg campaign
2253:Gettysburg Address
2213:Phoenix Iron Works
1919:Samuel W. Crawford
1799:American Civil War
1664:Campaign geography
1502:Oliver Otis Howard
754:East Cemetery Hill
589:
538:
495:
330:American Civil War
31:American Civil War
2327:
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2208:Frankford Arsenal
2177:Carlisle Barracks
2172:Camp William Penn
1952:
1951:
1944:Alexander McClure
1761:
1760:
1527:Daniel E. Sickles
1512:Alfred Pleasonton
1417:George E. Pickett
1392:Allegheny Johnson
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1278:Artillery barrage
1191:Second Winchester
1103:978-0-684-83275-3
1086:978-1-934900-45-1
1064:978-1-932714-43-2
1034:978-0-8117-3379-3
1024:Huntington, Tom.
1019:978-1-932714-30-2
960:The Record Herald
934:State of Michigan
683:(July 6 and 12),
520:Blue Ridge Summit
504:Judson Kilpatrick
492:Judson Kilpatrick
419:Cumberland Valley
319:
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171:
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131:Judson Kilpatrick
119:CSA (Confederacy)
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43:Retreat from the
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1955:
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1517:John F. Reynolds
1492:George S. Greene
1477:George A. Custer
1432:Isaac R. Trimble
1407:W. Dorsey Pender
1402:Lafayette McLaws
1397:James Longstreet
1372:Richard S. Ewell
1273:Pickett's Charge
1263:Little Round Top
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1240:
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962:. Archived from
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606:Michigan Brigade
602:Russell A. Alger
562:George A. Custer
469:Richard S. Ewell
461:James Longstreet
348:Richard S. Ewell
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2097:Franklin County
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1988:
1983:
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1948:
1939:John Henry Kagi
1902:
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1829:
1813:
1801:
1792:
1762:
1757:
1727:
1659:
1631:order of battle
1628:
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1557:order of battle
1554:
1546:
1532:Henry W. Slocum
1482:Abner Doubleday
1461:George G. Meade
1441:
1437:Lewis Armistead
1422:Robert E. Rodes
1327:
1289:
1283:Cavalry battles
1235:
1168:
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1112:
1092:Wert, Jeffry D.
1076:Laino, Philip,
1073:
1071:Further reading
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670:horse artillery
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654:Robert E. Rodes
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423:John D. Imboden
402:George G. Meade
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343:wagon train of
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254:Corbit's Charge
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697:Falling Waters
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621:Medal of Honor
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516:signal station
500:J. Irvin Gregg
481:George Pickett
415:South Mountain
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446:Monterey Pass
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417:and into the
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2152:Fort Mifflin
2082:Philadelphia
2055:
2051:Chambersburg
1841:Monterey Gap
1807:
1751:
1706:Pennsylvania
1645:Second Corps
1601:Iron Brigade
1537:George Sykes
1455:
1387:John B. Hood
1349:
1323:Manassas Gap
1308:Williamsport
1302:
1117:
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964:the original
959:
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938:. Retrieved
929:
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678:
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615:under Major
610:
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508:Pennock Huey
496:
477:
473:Second Corps
439:
431:Chambersburg
384:
325:
323:
309:Manassas Gap
294:Williamsport
288:
94:Belligerents
29:Part of the
2157:Camp Curtin
2030:Hunterstown
1846:Greencastle
1684:Susquehanna
1679:Monongahela
1650:Third Corps
1640:First Corps
1487:John Gibbon
1467:John Buford
1341:Confederate
1226:Hunterstown
1174:Engagements
560:Brig. Gen.
533:Brig. Gen.
490:Brig. Gen.
465:First Corps
457:Third Corps
341:Confederate
107:USA (Union)
2334:Categories
2167:Camp Union
2162:Camp Scott
2106:Units and
2087:Pittsburgh
2077:Harrisburg
2015:Gettysburg
1934:Jacob Hoke
1914:John Brown
1611:20th Maine
1449:commanders
1377:Henry Heth
1343:commanders
1245:Gettysburg
1206:Upperville
1201:Middleburg
974:References
940:2023-06-29
911:2023-06-29
687:(July 8),
681:Hagerstown
666:Smithsburg
395:Gettysburg
374:Background
364:Brig. Gen.
274:Gettysburg
244:Upperville
239:Middleburg
2010:Fairfield
1596:XII Corps
1576:III Corps
1382:A.P. Hill
1318:Funkstown
1313:Boonsboro
1231:Fairfield
689:Funkstown
685:Boonsboro
674:Boonsboro
660:Aftermath
646:Iverson's
453:A.P. Hill
444:and over
442:Fairfield
399:Maj. Gen.
304:Funkstown
299:Boonsboro
284:Fairfield
2309:Category
2046:Carlisle
2019:template
2004:template
1808:Part of:
1741:Category
1721:timeline
1716:template
1701:Maryland
1691:Virginia
1591:XI Corps
1586:VI Corps
1571:II Corps
1269:3rd day
1221:Carlisle
762:skirmish
650:Daniel's
450:Lt. Gen.
427:Cashtown
385:General
345:Lt. Gen.
289:Monterey
269:Carlisle
146:Strength
63:Location
2319:Commons
2025:Hanover
1797:in the
1752:Commons
1581:V Corps
1566:I Corps
1295:Retreat
1258:2nd day
1253:1st day
1216:Hanover
328:was an
259:Hanover
85:victory
2108:people
1907:People
1101:
1084:
1062:
1047:
1032:
1017:
1002:
987:
936:. 2017
703:Legacy
358:, and
79:Result
1876:Units
1447:Union
1196:Aldie
723:Notes
360:Union
234:Aldie
151:4,500
83:Union
1099:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1060:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1030:ISBN
1015:ISBN
1000:ISBN
985:ISBN
695:and
648:and
548:and
433:and
339:. A
324:The
55:Date
756:at
522:on
510:at
471:'s
463:'s
455:'s
404:'s
350:'s
2336::
958:.
932:.
928:.
904:.
437:.
70:,
2021:)
2017:(
2006:)
2002:(
1978:e
1971:t
1964:v
1787:e
1780:t
1773:v
1633:)
1629:(
1559:)
1555:(
1459:/
1158:e
1151:t
1144:v
1105:.
1088:.
1066:.
1051:.
1036:.
1021:.
1006:.
991:.
943:.
914:.
382:.
196:e
189:t
182:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
