1977:. There was no resistance, and in one day they captured 2,000 km of land and 30,000 prisoners. The junta ordered its soldiers not to resist the Nationalist advance, and the Republican soldiers threw away their weapons and abandoned the front. By 27 March, the Nationalists were advancing on all fronts without resistance. Solchaga's Navarra Corps, Gambara's CTV and Garcia Valiño's Army of Maestrazgo advanced from Toledo. On 28 March, Colonel Prada, commander of the Army of the Centre, surrendered to the Nationalist troops, who occupied Madrid. Casado and the other members of the junta, except Besteiro, fled to Valencia. On 29 March, the Nationalists occupied
172:
161:
212:
195:
345:
289:
278:
261:
250:
229:
137:
334:
323:
312:
301:
149:
1789:
39:
239:
205:
1945:), where the supporters of Casado, backed by elements of a fifth column, had started the uprising against Negrín's government on 4 March, they were defeated by the PCE's 206th Brigade, of the IV Division, led by colonel Joaquín Rodríguez, after a brief battle on 7 March. Nevertheless, on 5 March, the Republican Navy (three cruisers and eight destroyers), led by Admiral Buiza, had fled to Bizerte after a Nationalist aerial bombardment. One Nationalist transport ship, the
271:
222:
2066:
where he died in 1975. Matallana was detained and imprisoned by the
Nationalists and died in Madrid in 1956. Besteiro, still at his post in the basement of the Revenue Building at 7 Alcalá Street in Madrid, was arrested by the Nationalists when they entered the city and faced a court martial. Sentenced to 30 years in prison, he died there of an infection that resulted from an injury to his hand in 1940.
2010:
Nationalists occupied
Valencia and Gambara's troops entered Alicante, rounding up 15,000 Republican refugees. Italian General Gambara was prepared to permit the evacuation of political refugees, but on 31 March, the Nationalist troops arrived and took over jurisdiction from Gambara. As a result, many refugees committed suicide to avoid capture by the Nationalists. On 31 March, the Nationalists occupied
1919:. By 10 March, Barceló's troops had been surrounded, and a ceasefire was arranged. On 11 March, after days of bloody combat, Casado, backed by the IV corps of Cipriano Mera, defeated Barceló's troops. Barceló and his commissar, José Conesa, were arrested and executed. There were hundreds of dead (Thomas: 230, Jackson: 1,000, and Beevor: 2,000 dead.
1785:) in order to negotiate a peace deal with Franco. On 6 March, Miaja joined the rebellion and was appointed president of the junta. The other members of the junta were Casado, Julian Besteiro, Wenceslao Carrillo, Gonzalez Marín and Eduardo Val (CNT), Antonio Perez (UGT), and the Republicans Miguel San Andrés and Jose del Río.
2009:
but without the
Republican Navy, an evacuation was impossible since the French and the British governments refused to organise an evacuation. Only a minority, those who had money to pay for passage, were evacuated by British ships (between 650 and more than 3,500, Casado among them. On 30 March, the
1583:
in
February 1939, the military situation of the Republic was hopeless. Despite still having the capital city and approximately 30% of Spanish territory, it had lost 220,000 soldiers, the second most populated city in the country and the industrial resources of Catalonia. Furthermore, on 27 February,
1818:
and militants. Ironically, Casado's justification for the coup was that Negrín and the PCE wanted to carry out a communist takeover, an identical justification to that of the
Nationalist uprising, which began the Civil War, but in fact, he rose against the government because he wanted to negotiate
1628:
fighters), little artillery and few automatic weapons. Many soldiers were unarmed (in
December 1938, the Republican army had only 225,000 rifles), and lacked shoes and overcoats. In Madrid, there was food for only two months and no water, heating, medicine or surgical dressings. On the other hand,
2065:
Casado remained in exile in
Venezuela until he returned to Spain in 1961. Cipriano Mera fled to Oran and Casablanca, but he was extradited to Spain in February 1942. In 1943, he was condemned to death, a sentence that was changed for 30 years in prison; he was set free in 1946 and fled to France,
1959:
After the defeat of Barceló's troops, the council tried to start peace negotiations with Franco, hoping to achieve a guarantee against political reprisals. On 12 March, the council proposed a peace deal with a guarantee against reprisals and a period of 25 days to allow anyone who wanted to leave
2069:
The
Nationalists arrested hundreds of thousands of Republican soldiers and civilians, with 150,000 soldiers captured in the final offensive, and herded them into makeshift concentration camps. There were between 367,000 and 500,000 prisoners in 1939. In the first years after the war, 50,000
2026:, where thousands of Republicans expecting evacuation had assembled. They began giving themselves up on 31 March, but the operation was suspended for the night. The last 2000 surrendered the next morning, and approximately 25 committed suicide. By 1 April 1939, the war was effectively over.
1819:
peace and believed that removing Negrín and the communists was a precondition to negotiations with Franco. In addition to other assurances, the
British government said that Franco would guarantee the lives of the Republicans. Casado had said to the commander of the
1960:
Spain to do so. On 16 March, Franco answered that he would only accept an unconditional surrender. On 23 March, the council sent two negotiators to Burgos (Colonel
Antonio Garijo and Major Leopoldo Ortega), and the Nationalists told them that on 25 March, the
1562:, however, was willing to accept only an unconditional surrender. On 26 March, the Nationalists started a general offensive and by 31 March, they controlled all of Spanish territory. Hundreds of thousands of Republicans were arrested and interned in
1964:
had to be surrendered and by 27 March, the Republican troops had to raise the white flag. Nevertheless, on 25 March, the Republicans did not surrender their Air Force because of bad weather and Franco then broke off negotiations with the junta.
1558:) to negotiate a peace deal. Negrín fled to France but the communist troops around Madrid rose against the junta, starting a civil war within the civil war. Casado defeated them and started peace negotiations with the Nationalists.
1900:, and his troops closed all the entrances to Madrid, occupied most of the city centre and detained and shot three of Casado's colonels. Casado's supporters held only some government buildings and the south-east of the city.
2099:
2109:
1897:
1688:
against the Negrín government to start peace negotiations with the Nationalists, believing that the government was too subordinate to the communists. Colonel José Cendaño, a
1692:
agent in the Republican army, promised him that Franco would guarantee the lives of the Republican officers who had committed no crimes. Most noncommunist elements of the
101:
Southeastern Spain (provinces of Madrid, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Albacete, Valencia, Alicante, Murcia, Jaen, Almeria, and parts of Toledo, Guadalajara, Granada and Castellon)
901:
879:
858:
1505:
1215:
1850:
on 6 March to avoid capture by the supporters of Casado (Casado wanted to arrest the government and the PCE's leaders and to hand them over to the Nationalists).
414:
1743:
commander of Albacete). The noncommunist elements believed that the communists wanted to control the evacuation harbours and joined the plot against Negrín.
740:
606:
1827:: "I give you my word ... that I can obtain better terms from Franco than Negrín ever can. I can even assure you that they will respect our ranks".
1736:
1629:
the Nationalist army had more than a million men at the end of 1938, with 35,000 Moroccans, 32,000 Italians and 5,000 Germans, as well as 600 aircraft.
1740:
1951:, sent by the Nationalists in order to support the uprising, was sunk by the coastal batteries of Cartagena, killing 1,476 Nationalist soldiers.
1257:
1896:'s III Corps), rose against the junta on 7 March, starting a brief civil war inside the Republic. Barceló appointed himself as commander of the
2745:
2104:
1937:
and Cartagena. In Ciudad Real, Escobar's Extremadura Army crushed the communist resistance led by the deputy Martínez Cárton. Nevertheless, in
3100:
1498:
1386:
513:
407:
3144:
2055:
1263:
1251:
3122:
1269:
1452:
1316:
478:
446:
3047:
1491:
1304:
1075:
999:
872:
472:
466:
400:
2058:
was dissolved, and by June, both Italian and German troops had left Spain. The Francoist dictatorship remained in power until
3087:
2958:
702:
601:
1650:
1888:
Nevertheless, the army units settled around Madrid and controlled by the PCE (the I corps of the Army of the Centre led by
1735:). (according to Beevor, Francisco Galán was appointed military governor of Cartagena, Etelvino Vega governor of Alicante,
1761:
1642:
992:
1440:
1404:
439:
1416:
1362:
2996:
2939:
2924:
1298:
678:
1778:
1670:
1661:
was believed to be imminent. Furthermore, Negrín wanted to organise the evacuation of those who were most at risk.
1547:
692:
645:
1646:
484:
2059:
1707:
On 2 March, Negrín announced a number of new appointments in the Central Zone. Colonel Casado and the communists
1233:
611:
1704:, many Republican officers in the central zone believed that they could negotiate a deal with the Nationalists.
3059:
3037:
3018:
2977:
1197:
638:
572:
1653:
believed that it was necessary to initiate peace negotiations. Nevertheless, Negrín, backed by the communist
1563:
1120:
685:
621:
506:
1961:
1820:
1281:
499:
1654:
3112:
1470:
1446:
963:
889:
802:
3164:
3159:
3154:
1712:
1292:
458:
87:
2038:
was the only major power that had not yet recognized Franco's government. The new regime had signed a
1410:
916:
697:
1221:
1203:
1087:
853:
843:
716:
454:
338:
2755:
1847:
943:
809:
1701:
1422:
1340:
1152:
1114:
1028:
921:
848:
562:
3127:
1942:
1871:
1657:, wanted to continue fighting because Franco rejected giving any guarantee against reprisals and
1641:
that further military resistance was impossible. Most of the members of the Republican Army, the
1527:
1464:
975:
958:
616:
176:
141:
824:
530:
3149:
2043:
1893:
1867:
1275:
1138:
596:
547:
233:
1693:
1593:
1380:
1374:
1287:
1081:
1023:
1013:
953:
722:
542:
552:
1947:
1069:
906:
728:
650:
583:
536:
519:
1912:
1908:
1863:
1604:
The Republican army still had between 250,000 and 500,000 men but only 40 aircraft (three
1018:
577:
8:
2051:
1824:
1815:
1724:
1580:
1322:
1209:
1007:
980:
948:
926:
781:
769:
757:
626:
557:
1938:
1928:
1916:
1770:
1476:
1398:
1346:
1033:
969:
938:
884:
837:
775:
752:
525:
1788:
1766:
1732:
1697:
1535:
790:
216:
3083:
3075:
3055:
3033:
3014:
2992:
2973:
2954:
2935:
2920:
1875:
1751:
On 5 March 1939, Colonel Segismundo Casado, supported by General Matallana, the CNT (
1681:
1531:
1523:
1334:
1310:
1245:
1108:
932:
830:
814:
664:
567:
424:
254:
30:
1700:, because they believed that continuing the war was useless. Furthermore, after the
1685:
589:
489:
2019:
2002:
1879:
1716:
1559:
1392:
1328:
1176:
1164:
987:
895:
864:
819:
762:
734:
710:
671:
655:
305:
265:
327:
270:
221:
3105:
2750:
1994:
1883:
1617:
911:
746:
632:
494:
349:
154:
116:
1889:
1830:
After a failed attempt to negotiate with Casado, Negrín fled to France from the
1585:
199:
1774:
1605:
1589:
1543:
1227:
1132:
1978:
1638:
1539:
3138:
2946:
1982:
1974:
1904:
1843:
1839:
1752:
1728:
1720:
1458:
1434:
1126:
293:
238:
204:
171:
165:
1637:
On 16 February, the high command of the Republican Army told Prime Minister
316:
282:
3006:
2047:
2039:
2035:
1810:
1797:
1755:), the secret service of the Republic (the Military Investigation Service,
1708:
1689:
1658:
1239:
2050:
on 31 March, and on 6 April, Franco made public Spain's adherence to the
1934:
1792:
Julian Besteiro, one of the leaders of the PSOE, supported Casado's coup.
38:
1696:
in Madrid supported the plot, including one of the leaders of the PSOE,
2100:
List of Spanish Nationalist military equipment of the Spanish Civil War
1859:
1801:
1611:
1368:
1170:
1158:
1145:
2110:
List of Spanish Republican military equipment of the Spanish Civil War
2022:, controlling all Spanish territory except for an area of the port of
1831:
1723:
and communist officers were appointed to command the ports of Murcia (
1623:
1522:
took place between 26 March and 1 April 1939, towards the end of the
1356:
392:
2023:
1998:
1986:
796:
1804:
of the Centre, the communist commanders of the I, II and III Army
2079:
2078:
Casado's coup and the last days of the war are the background of
2011:
1990:
1858:
Casado's coup was supported by the commanders of the other three
115:
Dissolution of the Second Spanish Republic and beginning of the
2015:
2006:
1808:
of the Army of the Centre were relieved, the PCE's newspaper
1805:
211:
194:
1814:
was closed and Casado ordered massive arrests of communist
1835:
2780:
2654:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2528:
2507:
2471:
2402:
2369:
2330:
1993:. 50,000 Republican refugees gathered at the harbours of
2857:
2855:
2842:
2840:
2797:
2795:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2671:
2669:
2461:
2459:
2308:
2306:
3030:
The Spanish Civil War: Reaction, Revolution and Revenge
2239:
2237:
2224:
2222:
2209:
2207:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2173:
2171:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2951:
The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939
2876:
2852:
2837:
2807:
2792:
2710:
2698:
2681:
2666:
2633:
2621:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2495:
2483:
2456:
2444:
2414:
2390:
2318:
2303:
2291:
2279:
1915:
as the Nationalists started an offensive towards the
1632:
2249:
2234:
2219:
2204:
2183:
2168:
2147:
2121:
1838:, with Hidalgo de Cisneros, the leaders of the PCE (
1954:
1270:Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance
3136:
2970:The Spanish Civil War: a very short introduction
2105:List of weapons of the Corpo Truppe Volontarie
2989:Spanish Republic and the Civil War, 1931-1939
1499:
408:
2034:On 1 April 1939, the day the war ended, the
1596:then recognised the Nationalist government.
1538:, rose against the socialist prime minister
3078:; and Hernández Sánchez, Fernando. (2009).
1258:German–Polish declaration of non-aggression
1506:
1492:
415:
401:
1907:'s IV corps counterattacked and occupied
1453:Soviet–British–French Moscow negotiations
1264:Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance
1973:On 26 March, Yagüe's troops advanced in
1787:
1520:final offensive of the Spanish Civil War
1429:Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War
607:Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza
92:Final offensive: 26 March – 1 April 1939
24:Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War
3027:
3005:
2986:
1680:From the end of February 1939, Colonel
3137:
3046:
2967:
2945:
2882:
2861:
2846:
2813:
2801:
2786:
2723:
2704:
2692:
2675:
2660:
2639:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2570:
2558:
2546:
2534:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2477:
2465:
2450:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2375:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2297:
2285:
2255:
2243:
2228:
2213:
2198:
2177:
2162:
2132:
1411:Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine
16:1939 campaign in the Iberian Peninsula
1853:
1719:was appointed as head of the central
1599:
422:
396:
2070:Republican prisoners were executed.
1574:
111:Nationalist victory, end of the war
1405:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
13:
3123:"Madrid gives itself up to Franco"
3069:
2441:Jackson, Gabriel 1967. pp. 468–469
1968:
1633:Opposition to continued resistance
1387:Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War
14:
3176:
3094:
1757:Servicio de Investigación Militar
1659:a continental war against fascism
1299:Remilitarization of the Rhineland
380:Final offensive: 150,000 captured
3145:Battles of the Spanish Civil War
3082:. Editorial Crítica. Barcelona.
2834:Preston, Paul. 1995. pp. 786–787
2073:
2046:and a treaty of friendship with
1671:National Defence Council (Spain)
1664:
343:
332:
321:
310:
299:
287:
276:
269:
259:
248:
237:
227:
220:
210:
203:
193:
170:
159:
147:
135:
37:
2897:
2888:
2867:
2828:
2819:
2771:
2762:
2754:, 10 April 1939, archived from
2738:
2729:
2645:
2576:
2519:
2435:
2426:
2381:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2270:
2261:
1800:was appointed commander of the
1773:), deposed Negrín and formed a
1234:Nazis' rise to power in Germany
1076:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
378:Casado's coup: 230–2,000 killed
43:Map of Spain in February 1939.
2991:. Princeton University Press.
2930:Aub, Max (1981) (in Spanish).
2915:Aub, Max (1979) (in Spanish).
2138:
1955:Peace negotiations with Franco
1892:and the Emilio Bueno's II and
1198:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
1055:Events leading to World War II
1:
2909:
2768:Jackson, Gabriel 1967. p. 477
2651:Jackson, Gabriel 1967. p. 509
2582:Jackson, Gabriel 1967. p. 433
2432:Jackson, Gabriel 1967. p. 468
2387:Jackson, Gabriel 1967. p. 468
2276:Jackson, Gabriel 1967. p. 475
2144:Jackson, Gabriel 1967. p. 475
1569:
1417:German ultimatum to Lithuania
1363:Polish ultimatum to Lithuania
383:1,476 killed (sinking of the
2029:
1922:
1846:), and the foreign minister
1769:) and a section of the UGT (
1317:Italo-German "Axis" protocol
1282:Anglo-German Naval Agreement
244:Council of National Defense:
7:
3080:El Desplome de la República
2093:
1783:Consejo Nacional de Defensa
1779:National Council of Defence
1552:Consejo Nacional de Defensa
1447:Italian invasion of Albania
1441:British guarantee to Poland
64: Nationalist territory
10:
3181:
2873:Preston, Paul 2006. p. 319
2777:Graham, Helen 2005. p. 113
2735:Graham, Helen 2005. p. 113
2525:Preston, Paul 2006. p. 296
2366:Graham, Helen 2005. p. 111
2357:Preston, Paul 2006. p. 296
2348:Preston, Paul 2006. p. 296
2267:Graham, Helen 2005. p. 165
2056:Non-Intervention Committee
1926:
1765:), a section of the PSOE (
1668:
1293:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
58: Republican territory
3113:"Foreign News: Aftermath"
2987:Jackson, Gabriel (1965).
2953:. London: Penguin Books.
2825:Graham Helen 2005. p. 166
1933:There was also combat in
1715:became generals, General
1616:bomber squadrons, and 25
1222:Defense of the Great Wall
1204:Pacification of Manchukuo
434:
372:
355:
182:
128:
79:
36:
28:
23:
3128:The Manchester Guardian
2115:
1862:of the Republican Army (
1739:commander of Murcia and
1548:National Defence Council
1341:Second Sino-Japanese War
1305:Arab revolt in Palestine
1252:Inner Mongolian Campaign
1153:Second Italo-Senussi War
1943:Spanish Republican Navy
1864:Leopoldo Menéndez López
1746:
1675:
1526:. On 5 March 1939, the
1471:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
1465:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3028:Preston, Paul (2006).
2968:Graham, Helen (2005).
2932:Campo de los almendros
2088:Campo de los Almendros
1941:(the main base of the
1894:Colonel Antonio Ortega
1848:Julio Álvarez del Vayo
1793:
1139:Occupation of the Ruhr
1121:Franco-Polish alliance
993:Sant Vicenç de Calders
183:Commanders and leaders
3052:The Spanish Civil War
2934:. Madrid. Alfaguara.
2919:. Madrid. Alfaguara.
2062:on 20 November 1975.
1791:
1713:Antonio Cordón García
1684:had been preparing a
1375:Battle of Lake Khasan
1288:December 9th Movement
1088:Polish–Lithuanian War
543:Convoy de la Victoria
485:Cuartel de la Montaña
373:Casualties and losses
3032:. Harper Perennial.
1962:Republican Air Force
1821:Republican Air Force
1702:surrender of Menorca
1423:Slovak–Hungarian War
1070:Treaty of Versailles
639:Ciudad Universitaria
339:Rafael García Valiño
189:Negrín's Government:
3011:Franco: A Biography
2054:. On 20 April, the
2052:Anti-Comintern Pact
2040:non-aggression pact
1882:, commander of the
1874:, commander of the
1866:, commander of the
1825:Hidalgo de Cisneros
1564:concentration camps
1534:and the politician
1455:Apr.–Aug. 1939
1437:Mar.–Aug. 1939
1431:Mar.–Apr. 1939
1377:July–Aug. 1938
1323:Anti-Comintern Pact
1210:January 28 incident
514:German intervention
361:250,000−500,000 men
2789:, p. 886-890.
2758:on 7 November 2012
2663:, p. 888-889.
2618:, p. 885-888.
2606:, p. 394-395.
2594:, p. 876-877.
2537:, p. 392-393.
2516:, p. 393-394.
2480:, p. 876-878.
2411:, p. 875-876.
2378:, p. 870-871.
2339:, p. 867-868.
1929:Cartagena Uprising
1898:Army of the Centre
1854:Fighting in Madrid
1834:'s airfield, near
1794:
1771:Wenceslao Carrillo
1600:Military situation
1477:Invasion of Poland
1467:May–Sep. 1939
1399:First Vienna Award
1276:He–Umezu Agreement
455:July 1936 uprising
3165:April 1939 events
3160:March 1939 events
3155:Conflicts in 1939
3088:978-84-9892-031-4
3054:. Penguin Books.
2960:978-0-14-303765-1
1948:Castillo de Olite
1913:Alcalá de Henares
1876:Extremaduran Army
1737:Leocadio Mendiola
1731:) and Cartagena (
1682:Segismundo Casado
1581:fall of Catalonia
1575:Fall of Catalonia
1532:Segismundo Casado
1530:, led by Colonel
1524:Spanish Civil War
1516:
1515:
1311:Spanish Civil War
1246:Italo-Soviet Pact
1216:Geneva Conference
1115:Treaty of Rapallo
1109:Treaty of Trianon
1082:Polish–Soviet War
1049:
1048:
500:Cuartel de Loyola
426:Spanish Civil War
391:
390:
385:Castillo de Olite
255:Segismundo Casado
155:Nationalist Spain
124:
123:
90:: 5–13 March 1939
31:Spanish Civil War
3172:
3131:. 29 March 1939.
3119:. 10 April 1939.
3109:. 13 March 1939.
3065:
3043:
3024:
3002:
2983:
2964:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2727:
2721:
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2130:
1880:Domingo Moriones
1717:Manuel Matallana
1560:Francisco Franco
1508:
1501:
1494:
1393:Munich Agreement
1329:Suiyuan campaign
1177:Great Depression
1165:Locarno Treaties
1052:
1051:
735:War in the North
693:3rd Corunna Road
679:2nd Corunna Road
646:1st Corunna Road
573:Sierra Guadalupe
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20:
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3101:"Casado's Coup"
3097:
3072:
3070:Further reading
3062:
3040:
3021:
2999:
2980:
2961:
2912:
2907:
2903:Aub, Max. 1981.
2902:
2898:
2894:Aub, Max. 1979.
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2118:
2096:
2076:
2032:
1981:, Ciudad Real,
1971:
1969:Final offensive
1957:
1931:
1925:
1887:
1884:Andalusian Army
1872:Antonio Escobar
1856:
1767:Julián Besteiro
1749:
1741:Inocencio Curto
1733:Francisco Galán
1698:Julián Besteiro
1678:
1673:
1667:
1635:
1602:
1577:
1572:
1542:, and formed a
1536:Julián Besteiro
1528:Republican Army
1512:
1483:
1482:
1343: 1937–1945
1313: 1936–1939
1307: 1936–1939
1295: 1935–1936
1254: 1933–1936
1218: 1932–1934
1206: 1931–1942
1193:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1155: 1923–1932
1141: 1923–1925
1104:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1090: 1919–1920
1084: 1919–1920
1065:
1064:
1050:
1045:
1040:Final offensive
717:Cape Machichaco
447:List of battles
430:
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350:Gastone Gambara
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3095:External links
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2917:Campo del moro
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1956:
1953:
1927:Main article:
1924:
1921:
1903:Nevertheless,
1868:Levantine Army
1855:
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1775:military junta
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1725:Manuel Tagüeña
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1590:United Kingdom
1588:resigned. The
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1479:Sep. 1939
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1389:Sep. 1938
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1383:Aug. 1938
1381:Bled Agreement
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1365:Mar. 1938
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1359:Mar. 1938
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1335:Xi'an Incident
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1228:Battle of Rehe
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3150:1939 in Spain
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670:
669:
668:
667:
666:
661:
659:
658:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
640:
637:
636:
635:
634:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
617:Cerro Muriano
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
591:
588:
587:
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585:
581:
579:
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569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
521:
517:
515:
512:
511:
508:
505:
504:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
480:
479:1st Barcelona
476:
474:
471:
469:
468:
464:
463:
460:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
444:
442:
441:
437:
436:
433:
428:
418:
413:
411:
406:
404:
399:
398:
395:
386:
382:
377:
376:
371:
366:1,000,000 men
365:
360:
359:
354:
351:
340:
329:
328:José Solchaga
318:
307:
297:
295:
294:Cipriano Mera
284:
272:
267:
256:
245:
240:
235:
223:
218:
213:
206:
201:
196:
190:
187:
186:
181:
178:
173:
167:
166:Condor Legion
156:
145:
143:
133:
132:
127:
118:
114:
113:
112:
109:
106:
105:
99:
96:
95:
89:
88:Casado's coup
86:
83:
82:
78:
53:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
47:
46:
45:
44:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3126:
3116:
3104:
3079:
3076:Viñas, Ángel
3051:
3048:Thomas, Hugh
3029:
3010:
2988:
2969:
2950:
2931:
2916:
2899:
2890:
2878:
2869:
2830:
2821:
2809:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2756:the original
2749:
2740:
2731:
2700:
2656:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2587:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2383:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2293:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2251:
2140:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2068:
2064:
2048:Nazi Germany
2036:Soviet Union
2033:
1972:
1958:
1946:
1932:
1902:
1890:Luis Barceló
1857:
1829:
1811:Mundo Obrero
1809:
1798:Adolfo Prada
1795:
1782:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1709:Juan Modesto
1706:
1690:fifth column
1679:
1636:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1586:Manuel Azaña
1578:
1555:
1551:
1519:
1517:
1428:
1348:
1240:Tanggu Truce
1144:
1039:
1038:
1006:
981:
968:
944:Los Blázquez
931:
902:2nd Belchite
894:
863:
844:1st Belchite
836:
829:
803:
795:
774:
745:
733:
721:
709:
663:
662:
656:
631:
622:Cape Spartel
597:Monte Pelado
582:
548:Almendralejo
535:
518:
477:
465:
445:
438:
384:
368:600 aircraft
243:
200:Luis Barceló
188:
129:Belligerents
110:
29:Part of the
18:
3013:. Fontana.
2883:Beevor 2006
2862:Beevor 2006
2847:Thomas 2001
2814:Thomas 2001
2802:Thomas 2001
2787:Thomas 2001
2746:"Aftermath"
2724:Beevor 2006
2705:Thomas 2001
2693:Thomas 2001
2676:Thomas 2001
2661:Thomas 2001
2640:Thomas 2001
2628:Thomas 2001
2616:Thomas 2001
2604:Beevor 2006
2592:Thomas 2001
2571:Thomas 2001
2559:Thomas 2001
2547:Thomas 2001
2535:Beevor 2006
2514:Beevor 2006
2502:Beevor 2006
2490:Thomas 2001
2478:Thomas 2001
2466:Thomas 2001
2451:Thomas 2001
2421:Beevor 2006
2409:Thomas 2001
2397:Thomas 2001
2376:Thomas 2001
2337:Thomas 2001
2325:Thomas 2001
2313:Thomas 2001
2298:Thomas 2001
2286:Thomas 2001
2256:Thomas 2001
2244:Beevor 2006
2229:Beevor 2006
2214:Beevor 2006
2199:Thomas 2001
2178:Thomas 2001
2163:Thomas 2001
2133:Beevor 2006
2082:'s novels,
1935:Ciudad Real
1639:Juan Negrín
1540:Juan Negrín
1191: 1930s
1102: 1920s
1063: 1910s
1014:Valsequillo
976:2nd Gandesa
922:1st Gandesa
804:Deutschland
723:Guadalajara
537:Extremadura
363:40 aircraft
3139:Categories
3061:0141011610
3039:0007232071
3020:0006862101
2979:0192803778
2910:References
1917:Manzanares
1816:commissars
1669:See also:
1584:President
1579:After the
1570:Background
1369:May Crisis
1353: 1937
1337: 1936
1331: 1936
1325: 1936
1319: 1936
1301: 1936
1284: 1935
1278: 1935
1272: 1935
1266: 1935
1260: 1934
1248: 1933
1242: 1933
1236: 1933
1230: 1933
1224: 1933
1212: 1932
1200: 1931
1179: 1929
1173: 1929
1171:Young Plan
1167: 1925
1161: 1924
1159:Dawes Plan
1149: 1925
1146:Mein Kampf
1135: 1923
1129: 1922
1123: 1921
1117: 1920
1111: 1920
1078: 1919
1072: 1919
1024:La Garriga
964:2nd Mérida
954:Granollers
917:2nd Lérida
890:Cape Palos
880:Valladolid
859:1st Lérida
854:Sabiñánigo
825:Albarracín
729:Pozoblanco
651:Villarreal
558:1st Mérida
520:Guadarrama
459:Revolution
440:Background
317:Juan Yagüe
283:José Miaja
2030:Aftermath
2020:Cartagena
2003:Cartagena
1939:Cartagena
1923:Cartagena
1357:Anschluss
1034:Cartagena
1008:Catalonia
982:Cantabria
782:El Mazuco
770:Santander
526:Andalusia
3050:(2001).
3009:(1995).
2949:(2006).
2094:See also
2044:Portugal
2024:Alicante
1999:Alicante
1995:Valencia
1987:Albacete
1909:Torrejón
1796:Colonel
1649:and the
1613:Katiuska
1610:and two
1351:incident
949:Alicante
939:Balaguer
885:Alfambra
838:Zaragoza
776:Asturias
758:Guernica
665:Aceituna
602:Talavera
584:Gipuzkoa
553:Sigüenza
356:Strength
97:Location
2080:Max Aub
2012:Almeria
1991:Sagunto
1832:Monòver
1607:Natasha
1029:Minorca
933:Levante
831:Brunete
815:Segovia
810:Almería
753:Durango
578:Córdoba
568:Majorca
563:Badajoz
531:Alcázar
473:Seville
467:Melilla
3086:
3058:
3036:
3017:
2995:
2976:
2957:
2938:
2923:
2016:Murcia
2007:Gandia
1983:Cuenca
1878:; and
1860:armies
1777:, the
1645:, the
1625:Moscas
1619:Chatos
1594:France
1546:, the
1019:Xàtiva
959:Bielsa
896:Aragon
865:Teruel
820:Huesca
763:Bilbao
747:Biscay
711:Jarama
698:Málaga
672:Lopera
657:Ursula
633:Madrid
627:Seseña
612:Guinea
495:Oviedo
268:
236:
219:
202:
152:
107:Result
62:
56:
2116:Notes
2042:with
1806:Corps
1759:, or
1349:Panay
988:Cabra
927:Segre
912:Caspe
490:Gijón
3117:Time
3106:Time
3084:ISBN
3056:ISBN
3034:ISBN
3015:ISBN
2993:ISBN
2974:ISBN
2955:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2921:ISBN
2751:Time
2086:and
2018:and
2005:and
1989:and
1979:Jaén
1911:and
1842:and
1836:Elda
1802:Army
1747:Coup
1711:and
1686:coup
1676:Plot
1643:PSOE
1622:and
1592:and
1518:The
1347:USS
1000:1939
970:Ebro
873:1938
791:Jaén
686:1937
590:Irún
507:1936
84:Date
1762:SIM
1655:PCE
1651:CNT
1647:UGT
1556:CND
1554:or
177:CTV
3141::
3125:.
3115:.
3103:.
2854:^
2839:^
2794:^
2748:,
2712:^
2683:^
2668:^
2458:^
2305:^
2236:^
2221:^
2206:^
2185:^
2170:^
2149:^
2123:^
2090:.
2014:,
2001:,
1997:,
1985:,
1886:).
1870:;
1823:,
1566:.
457:/
3090:.
3064:.
3042:.
3023:.
3001:.
2982:.
2963:.
2942:.
2927:.
1781:(
1550:(
1507:e
1500:t
1493:v
416:e
409:t
402:v
387:)
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