406:, examined the cash-equivalent value (purchasing power) of loyalty points, the impact of FFPs on consumer behavior and surplus, and the taxation issues surrounding FFPs. Unlike most previous research on FFPs, this research used data from an actual FFP. The cash-equivalent value of a loyalty point in 2010 was estimated to range between AU$ 0.0066 and AU$ 0.0084. This range, however, excluded the value of status benefits to the status member. The loyalty point gained by a FFP member per flight equated to an in-kind discount on an average airfare of 3.3% for lowest status members, 3.96% for medium status members and 4.63% for premium status members. A detailed survey undertaken in 2010 among a representative sample of over 3300 members of that specific FFP showed that a large proportion of leisure and business travelers admitted a willingness to pay a higher fare—a FFP premium—to fly with the sponsoring airline because of their FFP membership. The average FFP premium was estimated to be around 8% and was statistically different between leisure and business travelers. The cash-equivalent value of a loyalty point as encapsulated in the FFP premium was estimated to range between AU$ 0.0108 and AU$ 0.0153, depending on the FFP status of a member.
438:
against the implementation of taxation is the lack of a monetary tax base. It can however be argued that since the cash-equivalent value of loyalty currency can be reasonably estimated with public data, this value is appropriate as a tax base. Hurdles preventing the taxation of FFP rewards are generally less related to the technical issue of valuation, but have more to do with legal constraints (e.g. "who owns the points") and often a lack of political will (e.g. "who would lose out due to taxation"). Australian and German public servants are not permitted to redeem points accrued from official travel for private purposes. The
Australian example occurred in the 1990s when Qantas and the now-defunct Ansett Australia competed for the Australian federal government travel contract; this was put forward as a system requirement for the competing companies in order to win the contract.
224:
528:
switches carriers due to a new travel contract's being signed). It does so by maintaining equivalent elite benefits with the new airline, without the need for time to pass while the traveller earns the benefits; this also has the side effect of retaining elite benefits with the previous airline, in order that one does not have to be given up for the other to allow for a more gradual transition. Status matches are employed by other types of establishments, as well, such as casinos, cruise lines, hotels, and rental car companies.
510:
or points. Depending on the program, that traveler will reach their goal sooner if the miles they accrue are elite qualifying miles. A mileage run may allow a traveler to (re-)qualify for a beneficial elite level, which requires a minimum number of miles to qualify. Some airlines have changed their frequent flyer rules to award miles based on ticket expense rather than absolute distance traveled, which may remove the incentive for mileage runs.
250:
number of points based on the distance traveled (such as 1 point per mile flown), although systems vary. Many discount airlines, rather than awarding points per mile, award points for flight segments in lieu of distance or the amount paid. For example, a number of airlines in Europe offer a fixed number of points for domestic or intra-European flights regardless of the distance (but varied according to class of travel). With the introduction of
40:
1941:
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2015, with
American Airlines the last of the three US legacy carriers to switch on August 1, 2016. This has led to some frequent flyers devaluing those programs over others, as the changing model can be less rewarding to frequent flyers. To date no UK frequent flyer scheme has sought to operate in such a fashion, with both
519:
non-refundable) has already been booked before the challenge was offered, otherwise higher status will be conferred once the challenge is officially completed. In some instances, a fee for a challenge may also be charged. Status challenges are employed by other types of establishments, as well, such as casinos and hotels.
509:
A "mileage run" is an airline trip designed and taken solely to gain maximum frequent-flyer miles, points, or elite status usually at lowest cost. If a traveler has already achieved some sort of elite status, then that traveler will earn bonus award miles or points on top of their actual flight miles
272:
Most, if not all, programs award bonus earnings to premium-cabin passengers and to their elite-status members based on tier status; earning an extra 25%-100% of miles flown are common bonuses. While these bonus points may not count toward ascension to (or retention of) elite status, they count toward
437:
Although it has long been recognized that FFP rewards earned on employer-funded business flights should be subject to either income or fringe-benefit taxation, this is currently not taking place in the vast majority of countries - a notable exception however being
Germany. One of the main arguments
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to encourage travelers to choose one particular airline or travel unnecessarily. Most companies consider the miles earned by their employees to be a valuable personal perk that in part compensates for the daily grind of frequent business travel, though some governmental organizations have attempted
249:
The primary method of obtaining points in a frequent-flyer programme until recent years was to fly with the associated airline. Paying expenses using an airline-sponsored credit card, even those charged to an employer, can rack up frequent flyer points. Most systems reward travelers with a specific
343:
Although a controversial topic and a source of frustration among frequent flyers, award flights are still the primary commodity purchased by members using points. While alliances and partnerships have facilitated the redemption process for some programs, award seat availability is still subject to
527:
Some airlines will match status with that of a competitor upon application, usually to airlines outside of any alliance that the airline used to match status with belongs to. This enables travelers to switch their travel more easily from one carrier to another (e.g., when the traveller's employer
477:
wished for an end to unfair competition from frequent-flyer programs. Precedent exists for ending frequent-flyer programs. In 2002, Norway banned domestic loyalty programs to promote airline competition. In 2005, the
Modernization Minister asked the competition authority to consider extending the
321:
Some carriers also require frequent flyers to spend a set amount of money on tickets before they are eligible for elite status. This is in addition to the miles-flown requirements that are already in place. Delta switched to revenue-based elite status requirements in
January 2014, United in March
518:
A status challenge can be an often non-publicized offer to accrue a certain amount of flying within a certain very short timeframe (usually 90 days), to earn elite status. The higher status may or may not be given immediately if it can be seen that qualifying travel (particularly travel that is
492:
Frequent-flyer programs have been receiving scrutiny because of the prevalence and rapid growth of air travel, in terms of both the frequency that individuals fly and the tendency toward longer distance travel. In 2011, S. Cohen observed both air travel and concern over its climate impacts were
290:
Many credit card companies partner with airlines to offer a co-branded credit card or the ability to transfer points in their loyalty programme to an airline's program. Large sign-up bonuses and other incentives are common. Accruing points via credit cards bonuses and spending allows infrequent
409:
The airlines themselves value points in their financial statements at less than one one-thousandth of a cent per points. That loyalty points undoubtedly have an estimable monetary value is also reflected in the fact that some programs allow for the donation of frequent-flyer points to certain
281:
Some programs award a full 500 points (or a similar minimum credit guarantee) for non-stop flights spanning less than 500 miles. An airline's programme can either award this guarantee to all members regardless of elite status, or they can reserve this privilege only for their elite members.
334:
After accumulating a certain number of points, members then use these points to obtain airline tickets. However, points only pay for the base fare, with the member still responsible for the payment of mandatory taxes and fees.
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has regulated, "frequent traveler benefits earned in connection with official travel, may be used only for official travel, see 41 C.F.R. § 301-1.6(f)." Frequent flyer programme contracts are not generally regulated.
156:
programme launched in 1981 as a modification of a never-realized concept from 1979 that would have given special fares to frequent customers. It was quickly followed later that year by programs from United
Airlines
70:
Many airlines have frequent-flyer programmes designed to encourage airline customers enrolled in the programme to accumulate points (also called miles, kilometers, or segments) which may then be redeemed for
1244:
1344:
Storm, Susanne (May 1999). "Air transport policies and frequent flyer programmes in the
European Community: a Scandinavian perspective". Unit of Tourism Research, Research Centre of Bornholm: 1–105.
425:
Business travelers typically accrue the valuable points in their own names, rather than the names of the companies that paid for the travel. This has raised concerns that the company is providing a
760:
1966:
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filed for bankruptcy in 2002, its frequent flyer programme was its only money-making business. Tom Stuker is the world's most frequent flier having logged over 21 million miles with United.
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With a non-affiliated travel rewards credit card a cardmember can buy a positive-space ticket considered "revenue" class, which can earn the passenger points with the airline flown.
318:
Occasionally, airlines may offer double elite-qualifying mile (EQM) promotions, which speeds up a member's status ascension (or retention) by reducing flight mileage requirements.
387:
Travelers frequently debate on how much accumulated points are worth, something which is highly variable based on how they are redeemed. An estimate is approximately one to two
1859:
2255:
79:, distance flown on that airline or its partners, or the amount paid. There are other ways to earn points. For example, in recent years, more points have been earned by using
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1000:
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FFPs have become an important part of airlines' economic models, with for example United and Delta both able to earn more than $ 1 billion in 2015 because of their FFP.
1673:
429:-free benefit (point-based awards) to employees, or that employees have misappropriated value that belongs to the company, or even that the rewards acts as a kind of
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growing, balanced by technology and physical resources, self and external regulation and social norms including stigmatisation of excessive air travel. In 2009,
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had tracked customers as far back as the 1950s, the first modern frequent-flyer programme was created in 1972 by
Western Direct Marketing for United. It gave
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Depending on an airline's program, members can also redeem points toward cabin upgrades, hotel stays, car rentals, and purchase of various retail items. On
102:, or other associated businesses. Points can be redeemed for air travel, other goods or services, or for increased benefits, such as travel class upgrades,
1203:
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1165:'Not just a pie in the sky': an investigation into the cash-equivalent value of loyalty currency and the impact of a frequent flyer program on its member
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621:"A History of US Airline Deregulation Part 4 : 1979 - 2010 : The Effects of Deregulation - Lower Fares, More Travel, Frequent Flier Programs"
1167:
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Frequent-flyer programs may offer points through other means, such as purchasing food or merchandise sold by an affiliated company. American engineer
2048:
1232:
Are
Frequent Flyer Benefits Really Benefits: An Analysis of the Frequent Flyer Tax Debate and a New Theory of Taxability for Frequent Flyer Benefits
2321:
2093:
1973:
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until 1992, instated then because Danish airlines were disadvantaged, as governments can forbid these programs at industry players request and the
2996:
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Norwegian ban on frequent flyer miles to include all of
Scandinavia. The country lifted the ban in 2013 when the competitive situation changed.
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17:
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and British Airways opting for the traditional method of granting tier points based on the miles flown and class of travel.
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The Department of Transportation does not have rules applicable to the terms of airline frequent flyer program contracts.
422:, which can encourage unnecessary travel within organisations to accumulate them and lead to superfluous personal trips.
140:
created the first frequent-flyer programme that used mileage tracking to give 'rewards' to its passengers, while in 1980
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3081:
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1534:
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Rewards, Marriott ) by allowing a member to use points to search for and purchase revenue tickets as if using cash.
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1841:
1275:
815:
650:
355:
This lack of availability has since been alleviated by non-airline rewards programs, such as certain credit cards (
2164:
1897:
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3487:
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1959:
900:
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31:
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137:
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458:: in 1989, M. Tretheway found competition prevented an airline to unilaterally end its program, but the
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pointed out the conflict caused by air travel growth in a carbon-constrained world, with a minority of
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Frequent flyer programme rules can be complex; this 1988 pamphlet from TWA's program ran to 27 pages
4026:
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2623:
2613:
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1540:
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258:, frequent-flyer programs are often extended to allow benefits to be used across partner airlines.
3886:
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1982:
2139:
352:, and capacity-control formulas to determine the number of seats to allocate for award booking.
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113:, one with unidirectional flow of money to purchase points, but no exchange back into money.
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2250:
2240:
1823:
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1798:"Status match news 2016 - Business travel | airlines | hotels | lounges | frequent flyer"
1445:
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1120:
1748:"All 3 Airline Alliances Have Elite Status Match Opportunities. Here's How to Get Yours"
3660:
3377:
2981:
2088:
1019:
246:, and policies and restrictions regarding joining, accumulating, and redeeming points.
196:
Frequent-flyer programs have grown since. In 2005, 163 million people were enrolled in
494:
3599:
3502:
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3372:
3214:
3121:
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2796:
2718:
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2608:
2462:
2434:
2311:
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1694:
1522:
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frequent-flyer points had been accumulated by people worldwide, for a value of 700
141:
110:
2058:
3967:
3924:
3866:
3798:
3575:
3497:
3459:
3427:
3402:
3284:
3186:
3156:
3141:
3136:
2911:
2903:
2638:
1998:
1717:"Casino News: MASSIVE ATLANTIC CITY CASINO LOYALTY CLUB STATUS MATCH IS UNDERWAY"
1497:
1190:
1171:
790:
459:
323:
267:
212:
186:
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125:
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per point based on discount (rather than full fare) economy class travel costs.
3962:
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3422:
3392:
3367:
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3294:
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2457:
2291:
2210:
1842:"Enjoy With MSC Cruises All the Privileges Earned With Other Loyalty Programs!"
345:
307:
242:
Most larger airlines around the world have frequent flyer programs; each has a
190:
103:
90:
than by air travel. Another way to earn points is spending money at associated
1296:
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3464:
3382:
3151:
3006:
2851:
2696:
2452:
2394:
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685:
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could end all; in 1999, S. Storm observed loyalty programs were forbidden in
418:
The frequent flyer points accumulated through business trips are a desirable
91:
2134:
1797:
1101:"Marriott unveils name for its new unified loyalty program: Marriott Bonvoy"
1037:
3919:
3793:
3783:
3655:
3640:
3259:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3131:
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3479:
3433:
3304:
3170:
3086:
2908:
2865:
2781:
2245:
2230:
2109:
2073:
2043:
2018:
1121:"Redeem Miles| Book Flight Awards| Mileage Travel Destinations"
375:' AAdvantage programme for example, it is possible to pay for a complete
83:
44:
2653:
761:"The 21-million-mile man: Tom Stuker is the world's most frequent flyer"
741:
3818:
3758:
3753:
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3523:
2836:
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2205:
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to prevent their employees from accumulating miles on official travel.
178:
153:
87:
80:
72:
2337:
3939:
3778:
3768:
3718:
3625:
3518:
2776:
2260:
2078:
2038:
2028:
2013:
1272:"Office of Government Ethics 92 x 13 Letter to a Government Attorney"
1105:
1038:"BA Tier Points – A Detailed Overview of British Airways Tier Points"
537:
403:
399:
388:
208:
1860:"10 EXCELLENT TRAVEL ELITE STATUS MATCH + FAST TRACK OPPORTUNITIES…"
1330:
Frequent Flyer Programs: Marketing Bonanza or Anti-Competitive Tool?
39:
3934:
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3620:
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2668:
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2114:
1674:"Golden Nugget offers a 'Trade Up' card holder program open to all"
376:
201:
182:
166:
95:
1204:"A Guide to Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in UN Organizations"
3650:
3116:
3108:
2898:
2861:
2768:
2600:
2447:
2376:
2129:
2124:
816:"Earning Miles on Alaska Airlines - Alaska Airlines Mileage Plan"
803:
Parallel frequent flier program partnerships: impact on frequency
474:
463:
360:
205:
174:
64:
3914:
3909:
3645:
2846:
1940:
1772:
1297:
Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings (23 July 2013).
608:
The Importance of Frequent Flyer Programs: An In-depth Analysis
75:
or other rewards. Points earned under FFPs may be based on the
3949:
1519:
Climate change and aviation: Issues, challenges and solutions
950:"AAdvantage program updates - AAdvantage - American Airlines"
547:
430:
99:
1824:"CRUISE LINE LOYALTY: ELITE STATUS RECIPROCITY AND MATCHING"
1510:
Gössling S, et al. (2009). Gossling S, Upham P (eds.).
1689:
1687:
1211:
UNEP DTIE (Sustainable Consumption & Production Branch)
1083:"Frequent flier challenge: How to get the flights you want"
394:
The author of an economics PhD thesis published in 2014 at
348:
and seasonal fluctuations, as airlines utilize statistics,
273:
the member's total balance for normal redemption purposes.
1587:"Wild About Miles: Inside the Mind of the Mileage Junkie"
501:
individuals responsible for a large share of air travel.
426:
144:
created its Travel Bank, which ultimately became part of
109:
Frequent-flyer programs can be seen as a certain type of
1684:
1644:"How To Request An American AAdvantage Status Challenge"
1483:"Binge flying: Behavioural addiction and climate change"
2958:
Air route authority between the United States and China
647:"Screen shot from the very first frequent mile program"
577:. Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank. p. 5.
674:"The Man Who Turned Credit-Card Points Into an Empire"
291:
travelers to benefit from the frequent flyer program.
1065:"Delta frequent fliers fume about award availability"
895:"Engineer finds sweet travel deal in cups of pudding"
565:
1480:
413:
306:gained attention in 2000 for purchasing $ 3,140 of
1667:
1665:
1274:. U.S. Office of Government Ethics. Archived from
1141:
740:
1821:
1301:. US Department of Transportation. Archived from
1184:Frequent-flyer points donation a tricky tax issue
106:access, fast-track access, or priority bookings.
4018:
1710:
1708:
1430:[Considering bonus ban in Scandinavia],
1269:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
858:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
310:pudding to earn him 1,253,000 AAdvantage miles.
2997:Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives
1671:
1662:
1559:
1385:
1001:"The slow demise of the frequent-flier program"
618:
3560:
2353:
1967:
1920:"How to Get Rental Car Elite Status for Free"
1890:"Free (and Easy!) Top-Tier Rental Car Status"
1714:
1705:
1403:
1150:
724:
649:. Milecards. 1 September 2013. Archived from
1448:[Ordered to investigate SAS bonus],
1333:, Transportation Research Forum, p. 445
1326:
1245:"APS Values and Code of Conduct in practice"
1981:
1555:
1553:
838:"United Airlines - Premier Mileage Bonuses"
276:
3567:
3553:
2360:
2346:
1974:
1960:
1474:
1337:
1320:
1144:Compendium of International Civil Aviation
998:
708:Loyalty Management in the Airline Industry
705:
1349:
1247:. Apsc.gov.au. 6 May 2009. Archived from
1562:"The art and science of the mileage run"
1550:
1509:
1406:"Sterling polishes plans for new routes"
1017:
366:
285:
222:
38:
2367:
1481:Cohen S, Higham J, Cavaliere C (2011),
1182:Financial Post/National Post (Canada),
1062:
672:Keiles, Jamie Lauren (5 January 2021).
148:' programme upon their merger in 1987.
14:
4019:
1822:Jackson, Marshall (24 November 2015).
1464:"Frequent flyer points back in Norway"
1213:. 2009. pp. 18–19. Archived from
892:
671:
566:European Central Bank (October 2012).
454:These programmes have been studied as
163:Delta Air Lines Frequent Flyer Program
3548:
2341:
1955:
1615:
1343:
1123:. American Airlines. 22 December 2010
967:
3574:
1745:
1560:Grossman, David (24 November 2005).
1428:"Vurderer bonusforbud i Skandinavia"
1388:"Braniff Will SlimDown, Keep Flying"
893:Holder, Kathleen (4 February 2000).
742:"Frequent-flyer miles — Funny money"
623:. The Travel Insider. Archived from
603:
601:
200:from over 130 airlines. By then, 14
1290:
1263:
513:
24:
1672:Ullman, Whitney (28 August 2014).
1386:Kenneth Michael (4 October 1989),
1270:Stephen D. Potts (23 March 1992).
559:
382:
297:
25:
4053:
2935:Environmental effects of aviation
1933:
1896:. 16 October 2017. Archived from
1616:Barro, Josh (12 September 2014).
1020:"Ranking Frequent Flier Programs"
975:"Medallion Qualification Dollars"
619:David M Rowell (13 August 2010).
598:
1939:
1618:"The Fadeout of the Mileage Run"
414:Accounting and regulatory issues
359:) and other corporate programs (
3529:Aviation taxation and subsidies
3488:Aircraft maintenance technician
3300:Pre-flight safety demonstration
3069:Intergovernmental organizations
1912:
1882:
1852:
1834:
1815:
1790:
1765:
1739:
1636:
1609:
1579:
1503:
1456:
1438:
1420:
1404:Nina Berglund (19 March 2002),
1397:
1379:
1237:
1224:
1196:
1176:
1135:
1113:
1093:
1075:
1056:
1030:
1011:
992:
942:
920:
886:
852:
830:
808:
795:
522:
504:
481:
443:General Services Administration
313:
261:
238:List of frequent flyer programs
32:Frequent flyer (disambiguation)
1063:Stoller, Gary (4 March 2013).
1018:DeNicola, Louis (1 May 2014).
928:"Elite-double-miles-thank-you"
778:
753:
699:
665:
639:
612:
449:
13:
1:
3408:Flight cancellation and delay
3002:European Common Aviation Area
1802:Australian Business Traveller
1715:Shirley, Bart (3 July 2018).
1452:(in Norwegian), 11 April 2005
1234:. Clev. St. L. Rev., 47, 281.
553:
329:
4037:Credit card rewards programs
2256:Qatar Airways Privilege Club
1866:. 8 May 2018. Archived from
1773:"Obtain Elite Travel Status"
1498:10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.013
1446:"PĂĄlagt ĂĄ granske SAS-bonus"
1434:(in Norwegian), 9 April 2005
379:package solely with points.
138:Texas International Airlines
7:
4042:Products introduced in 1972
4006:Trading stamps in Hong Kong
3363:Airline reservations system
3315:Special visual flight rules
1746:Leff, Gary (23 June 2015).
1193:, by Arthur Drache, undated
710:. GRIN Verlag. p. 93.
531:
10:
4058:
3418:Government contract flight
3280:Flight information service
3024:Hague Hijacking Convention
3017:EU–US Open Skies Agreement
2609:Pilot in command (Captain)
1695:"Total Rewards Promotions"
1490:Annals of Tourism Research
1230:Cunningham, J. A. (1999).
840:. United.com. 9 April 2013
485:
456:anti-competitive practices
338:
265:
235:
218:
119:
29:
3981:
3948:
3885:
3842:
3737:
3669:
3613:
3582:
3511:
3478:
3348:
3275:Flight information region
3185:
3107:
3067:
2943:
2920:
2860:
2842:Low-cost carrier terminal
2767:
2667:
2599:
2476:
2433:
2390:Airline holding companies
2375:
2274:
2198:
2102:
1991:
1299:"Frequent Flyer Programs"
859:Greenberg, Peter (2005).
789:October 29, 2007, at the
231:
165:, which later changed to
3493:Aircraft ground handling
3335:Upper information region
3250:Civil aviation authority
3039:Paris Convention of 1919
1512:"Hypermobile travellers"
1163:McCaughey, N.C. (2014),
1142:Adrianus D. Groenewege.
575:Virtual Currency Schemes
470:could ban all programs.
468:World Trade Organization
277:Minimum credit guarantee
53:frequent-flyer programme
4032:Frequent flyer programs
3834:Velocity Frequent Flyer
3590:Cashback reward program
3325:Terminal control center
3290:Instrument flight rules
3147:Baggage handling system
2953:Air transport agreement
2744:In-flight entertainment
1984:Frequent-flyer programs
198:frequent flyer programs
27:Airline loyalty program
3450:Round-the-world ticket
3413:Frequent-flyer program
1946:Frequent-flyer program
1367:Cite journal requires
543:Revenue passenger mile
228:
48:
18:Frequent flyer program
3814:Qantas Frequent Flyer
3694:Flybuys (New Zealand)
3440:Passenger name record
3358:Airline booking ploys
3330:Uncontrolled airspace
3320:Terminal control area
2922:Environmental effects
2832:International airport
2739:Crew rest compartment
2692:Premium economy class
2415:Non-scheduled airline
2221:Qantas Frequent Flyer
2089:Infinity MileageLands
1699:Caesars Entertainment
1527:10.4324/9781849770774
1327:Tretheway MW (1989),
473:In the U.S. in 1989,
367:Products and services
286:Credit card purchases
266:Further information:
226:
136:to members. In 1979,
134:promotional materials
42:
4001:S&H Green Stamps
3905:Capital One Shopping
3699:Hudson's Bay Rewards
3310:Special use airspace
3220:Airport crash tender
3210:Aircraft safety card
2975:Cross-strait charter
2969:Bermuda II Agreement
1948:at Wikimedia Commons
1894:Million Mile Secrets
938:on 18 December 2013.
862:The Travel Detective
801:Bilotkach, V. 2009.
185:), and in 1982 from
171:Continental Airlines
30:For other uses, see
3996:Green Shield Stamps
3958:Canadian Tire money
3689:Flybuys (Australia)
3388:Codeshare agreement
3340:Visual flight rules
3265:Controlled airspace
3240:Area control center
3205:Air traffic service
3200:Air traffic control
3049:Sabotage Convention
3034:Montreal Convention
3012:Freedoms of the air
2702:Basic economy class
2369:Commercial aviation
2009:Air Canada Altitude
1864:God Save the Points
1416:on 11 November 2012
1251:on 16 November 2012
1005:The Washington Post
908:on 7 September 2006
749:. 20 December 2005.
706:Ben Beiske (2007).
3804:Miles & Smiles
3764:Aeroméxico Rewards
3661:Student Price Card
3378:Bereavement flight
2992:Chicago Convention
2982:Beijing Convention
2971:(UK–US, 1978–2008)
2965:(UK–US, 1946–1978)
2420:Passenger airlines
2004:Miles & Smiles
1752:View from the Wing
1648:One Mile at a Time
1622:The New York Times
1189:2014-08-14 at the
1170:2016-06-06 at the
1109:. 16 January 2019.
1044:. 18 February 2019
678:The New York Times
256:code-share flights
229:
49:
4014:
4013:
3852:Choice Privileges
3600:Incentive program
3542:
3541:
3503:Flight dispatcher
3398:Electronic ticket
3373:Airline timetable
3215:Airport authority
3122:Baggage allowance
3059:Warsaw Convention
2963:Bermuda Agreement
2797:Airport rail link
2719:Aircraft seat map
2714:Aircraft lavatory
2425:Regional airlines
2410:Low-cost airlines
2335:
2334:
2160:Al Fursan Loyalty
2024:Royal Orchid Plus
1944:Media related to
1926:. 15 August 2018.
1924:Award Wallet Blog
1900:on 23 August 2018
1870:on 1 October 2018
1450:Dagens Næringsliv
1432:Dagens Næringsliv
1278:on 14 August 2014
932:American Airlines
717:978-3-638-77717-9
627:on 16 August 2010
584:978-92-899-0862-7
396:Monash University
373:American Airlines
252:airline alliances
150:American Airlines
16:(Redirected from
4049:
3991:Blue Chip Stamps
3862:IHG Rewards Club
3829:JetBlue TrueBlue
3809:Norwegian Reward
3799:Miles & More
3729:Triangle Rewards
3684:Everyday Rewards
3595:Cashback website
3576:Loyalty programs
3569:
3562:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3270:Evacuation slide
3230:Airport security
3127:Baggage carousel
3054:Tokyo Convention
2987:Cape Town Treaty
2822:Domestic airport
2802:Airport terminal
2787:Airport check-in
2749:Inflight smoking
2634:Flight attendant
2463:Vanilla Alliance
2400:Charter airlines
2362:
2355:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2327:JetBlue TrueBlue
2312:Norwegian Reward
2236:JAL Mileage Bank
2049:TAP Miles&Go
2034:ANA Mileage Club
1999:Miles & More
1985:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1943:
1928:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1727:on 4 August 2018
1723:. Archived from
1712:
1703:
1702:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1650:. 5 January 2016
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1593:. Archived from
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1546:on 19 June 2010.
1545:
1539:. Archived from
1516:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1412:, archived from
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:Orlando Sentinel
1383:
1377:
1376:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1353:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1305:on 28 April 2014
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1220:on 28 July 2011.
1219:
1208:
1200:
1194:
1180:
1174:
1161:
1148:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1015:
1009:
1008:
999:Yang, Jia Lynn.
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
971:
965:
964:
962:
960:
946:
940:
939:
934:. Archived from
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
904:. Archived from
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
865:. Random House.
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
834:
828:
827:
825:
823:
812:
806:
799:
793:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
757:
751:
750:
744:
737:
722:
721:
703:
697:
696:
694:
692:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
616:
610:
605:
596:
595:
593:
591:
572:
563:
514:Status challenge
420:employee benefit
350:yield management
142:Western Airlines
111:virtual currency
21:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4027:Airline tickets
4017:
4016:
4015:
4010:
3977:
3968:My Coke Rewards
3944:
3925:Rakuten Rewards
3890:
3887:Online shopping
3881:
3877:Wyndham Rewards
3867:Marriott Bonvoy
3838:
3740:
3739:Frequent-flyer
3733:
3674:
3665:
3609:
3578:
3573:
3543:
3538:
3507:
3498:Baggage handler
3474:
3428:Open-jaw ticket
3403:Fare basis code
3350:Airline tickets
3344:
3285:Flight recorder
3187:Aviation safety
3181:
3157:Checked baggage
3142:Baggage handler
3137:Baggage reclaim
3103:
3063:
3044:Rome Convention
2939:
2916:
2904:Travel document
2856:
2763:
2663:
2639:Flight engineer
2595:
2472:
2429:
2371:
2366:
2336:
2331:
2270:
2216:Marco Polo Club
2194:
2170:AerolĂneas Plus
2098:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1936:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1820:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1713:
1706:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1670:
1663:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1597:on 13 July 2011
1591:InsideFlyer.com
1585:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1485:
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1457:
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1426:
1425:
1421:
1402:
1398:
1384:
1380:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1351:10.1.1.138.3305
1342:
1338:
1325:
1321:
1308:
1306:
1295:
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1281:
1279:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1191:Wayback Machine
1181:
1177:
1172:Wayback Machine
1162:
1151:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1094:
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1080:
1076:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1016:
1012:
997:
993:
983:
981:
973:
972:
968:
958:
956:
948:
947:
943:
926:
925:
921:
911:
909:
891:
887:
877:
875:
873:
857:
853:
843:
841:
836:
835:
831:
821:
819:
818:. Alaskaair.com
814:
813:
809:
800:
796:
791:Wayback Machine
783:
779:
769:
767:
759:
758:
754:
739:
738:
725:
718:
704:
700:
690:
688:
670:
666:
656:
654:
653:on 30 June 2018
645:
644:
640:
630:
628:
617:
613:
606:
599:
589:
587:
585:
570:
564:
560:
556:
534:
525:
516:
507:
495:Stefan Gössling
490:
484:
460:regulatory body
452:
441:In the US, the
416:
385:
383:Value of points
369:
341:
332:
324:Virgin Atlantic
316:
300:
298:Other purchases
288:
279:
270:
268:Fare basis code
264:
240:
234:
221:
213:United Airlines
187:British Airways
146:Delta Air Lines
126:United Airlines
122:
61:loyalty program
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3983:Trading stamps
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3963:Disney Dollars
3960:
3954:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3872:World Of Hyatt
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3844:Hotel programs
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3724:Tesco Clubcard
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3534:Mile high club
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3470:Travel website
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Red-eye flight
3442:
3437:
3430:
3425:
3423:One-way travel
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3393:Continent pass
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Airline ticket
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3295:Overwing exits
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3245:Brace position
3242:
3237:
3235:Airspace class
3232:
3227:
3225:Airport police
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Hague Protocol
3026:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:Departure card
2886:
2879:Border control
2876:
2870:
2868:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2792:Airport lounge
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:Aircraft cabin
2706:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2687:Business class
2684:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Aircraft pilot
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2619:Second officer
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:Other regions
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2520:United States
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:International
2482:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2468:U-FLY Alliance
2465:
2460:
2458:Value Alliance
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2322:airBaltic Club
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:Sky Pearl Club
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2211:Executive Club
2208:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2190:Asante Rewards
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2094:Flying Returns
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1935:
1934:External links
1932:
1930:
1929:
1911:
1881:
1851:
1833:
1814:
1789:
1764:
1738:
1704:
1683:
1661:
1635:
1608:
1578:
1549:
1535:
1502:
1473:
1468:Life in Norway
1455:
1437:
1419:
1396:
1378:
1369:|journal=
1336:
1319:
1289:
1262:
1236:
1223:
1195:
1175:
1149:
1134:
1112:
1092:
1074:
1055:
1042:Thrifty Points
1029:
1010:
991:
979:Delta Airlines
966:
941:
919:
885:
871:
851:
829:
807:
794:
777:
752:
723:
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698:
664:
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597:
583:
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552:
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308:Healthy Choice
304:David Phillips
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244:programme name
236:Main article:
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191:Executive Club
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104:airport lounge
92:retail outlets
63:offered by an
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3512:Miscellaneous
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3465:Travel agency
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3432:Overbooking (
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3409:
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3404:
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3383:Boarding pass
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3152:Baggage sizer
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3007:Flight permit
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2930:Hypermobility
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2453:Star Alliance
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2405:Flag carriers
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2282:Rapid Rewards
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2155:Dynasty Flyer
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2150:Eastern Miles
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2064:Egyptair Plus
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2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
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1997:
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1994:
1992:Star Alliance
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1777:StatusMatcher
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1089:. 5 May 2011.
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748:
747:The Economist
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77:class of fare
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68:
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62:
58:
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41:
37:
33:
19:
3920:PayPal Honey
3794:Mileage Plan
3784:Magsformiles
3738:
3676:supermarkets
3671:Chain stores
3656:Student Edge
3641:More Rewards
3412:
3260:Control zone
3255:Control area
3177:Luggage lock
3167:Lost luggage
3162:Hand luggage
3132:Baggage cart
2912:(Electronic)
2874:Arrival card
2807:Airside pass
2759:Sickness bag
2734:Buy on board
2729:Airline seat
2724:Airline meal
2677:Travel class
2659:Dead mileage
2478:Trade groups
2297:Etihad Guest
2226:Finnair Plus
2120:Club Premier
2084:ConnectMiles
2059:PhoenixMiles
1923:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1893:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:the original
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1828:Inside Flyer
1827:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1792:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1751:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:the original
1720:
1698:
1677:
1652:. Retrieved
1647:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1624:. The Upshot
1621:
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1590:
1581:
1571:26 September
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1541:the original
1518:
1505:
1489:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1414:the original
1409:
1399:
1391:
1381:
1360:cite journal
1339:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:the original
1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1249:the original
1239:
1226:
1215:the original
1210:
1198:
1178:
1143:
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1115:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1023:
1013:
1004:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
969:
957:. Retrieved
953:
944:
936:the original
931:
922:
910:. Retrieved
906:the original
898:
888:
876:. Retrieved
861:
854:
842:. Retrieved
832:
820:. Retrieved
810:
797:
780:
768:. Retrieved
764:
755:
746:
707:
701:
689:. Retrieved
677:
667:
655:. Retrieved
651:the original
641:
631:21 September
629:. Retrieved
625:the original
614:
588:. Retrieved
574:
561:
526:
523:Status match
517:
508:
505:Mileage runs
491:
488:Flight shame
482:Flight shame
472:
453:
440:
436:
424:
417:
408:
393:
386:
370:
356:
354:
342:
333:
320:
317:
314:Elite status
301:
293:
289:
280:
271:
262:Bonus points
248:
241:
195:
159:Mileage Plus
123:
115:
108:
69:
56:
52:
50:
36:
3973:Pepsi Stuff
3930:RetailMeNot
3900:Cashrewards
3789:MileagePlus
3774:Flying Blue
3605:Rebate card
3480:Ground crew
3434:Overselling
3305:Sky marshal
3171:WorldTracer
3087:Eurocontrol
2909:Travel visa
2866:Immigration
2782:Airline hub
2682:First class
2629:Relief crew
2317:BIG Loyalty
2307:Flying Club
2275:Non-aligned
2266:Safar Flyer
2246:S7 Priority
2231:Iberia Plus
2185:GarudaMiles
2180:Flying Club
2175:Egret Miles
2165:Cedar Miles
2110:Flying Blue
2074:Sheba Miles
2069:Miles+Bonus
2044:Asiana Club
2019:MileagePlus
1846:MSC Cruises
1127:18 December
984:5 September
844:18 December
822:18 December
657:8 September
499:hypermobile
450:Competition
410:charities.
98:companies,
88:debit cards
45:MileagePlus
4021:Categories
3819:Qualiflyer
3759:Asia Miles
3754:AAdvantage
3714:PC Optimum
3524:Air travel
2837:Jet bridge
2644:Loadmaster
2302:LATAM Pass
2241:Royal Club
2206:AAdvantage
2145:LotuSmiles
1470:, May 2013
1255:3 November
954:www.aa.com
770:3 December
554:References
330:Redemption
209:US dollars
179:Air Canada
161:), Delta (
154:AAdvantage
81:co-branded
73:air travel
3940:Swagbucks
3779:KrisFlyer
3769:EuroBonus
3719:Speedpass
3626:Air Miles
3614:Coalition
3519:Air cargo
2777:Aerodrome
2435:Alliances
2261:FlySmiLes
2079:LifeMiles
2039:KrisFlyer
2029:Airpoints
2014:EuroBonus
1904:23 August
1874:23 August
1566:USA Today
1410:Aftenpost
1346:CiteSeerX
1309:13 August
1282:13 August
1106:USA Today
1087:USA Today
1069:USA Today
899:Dateline
878:12 August
765:NZ Herald
691:5 January
686:0362-4331
538:FlyerTalk
404:Australia
400:Melbourne
357:see above
124:Although
3935:ShopBack
3892:cashback
3824:SkyMiles
3741:programs
3704:MYER one
3621:Aeroplan
3460:Tracking
3195:Air rage
2894:Passport
2883:internal
2817:Boarding
2812:Airstair
2669:Airliner
2443:Oneworld
2377:Airlines
2287:Skywards
2199:Oneworld
2115:SkyMiles
1731:4 August
1187:Archived
1168:Archived
1048:24 March
1024:Cheapism
901:UC Davis
787:Archived
532:See also
377:vacation
202:trillion
183:Aeroplan
167:SkyMiles
96:car hire
3583:General
3455:Standby
3117:Bag tag
3109:Baggage
3097:ENCASIA
2899:Timatic
2862:Customs
2769:Airport
2601:Aircrew
2535:Europe
2448:SkyTeam
2130:OK Plus
2125:Skypass
2103:SkyTeam
2054:Voyager
1807:11 June
1782:11 June
1757:11 June
1721:Play NJ
1654:11 June
1601:25 June
959:11 June
912:12 June
590:5 March
475:Braniff
464:Denmark
361:Expedia
339:Flights
219:Accrual
211:. When
206:billion
175:OnePass
130:plaques
120:History
65:airline
59:) is a
43:United
3915:IGraal
3910:Ibotta
3709:Nectar
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