Han unification - Knowledge

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feature of rich text protocols and not properly handled by the plain text goals of Unicode. However, when the change from one glyph to another constitutes a change from one grapheme to another—where a glyph cannot possibly still, for example, mean the same grapheme understood as the small letter "a"—Unicode separates those into separate code points. For Unihan the same thing is done whenever the abstract meaning changes, however rather than speaking of the abstract meaning of a grapheme (the letter "a"), the unification of Han ideographs assigns a new code point for each different meaning—even if that meaning is expressed by distinct graphemes in different languages. Although a grapheme such as "ö" might mean something different in English (as used in the word "coördinated") than it does in German (as used in the word "schön"), it is still the same grapheme and can be easily unified so that English and German can share a common abstract Latin writing system (along with Latin itself). This example also points to another reason that "abstract character" and grapheme as an abstract unit in a written language do not necessarily map one-to-one. In English the

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conflicts with the stated goal of Unicode to take away that overhead, and to allow any number of any of the world's scripts to be on the same document with one encoding system. Chapter One of the handbook states that "With Unicode, the information technology industry has replaced proliferating character sets with data stability, global interoperability and data interchange, simplified software, and reduced development costs. While taking the ASCII character set as its starting point, the Unicode Standard goes far beyond ASCII's limited ability to encode only the upper- and lowercase letters A through Z. It provides the capacity to encode all characters used for the written languages of the world – more than 1 million characters can be encoded. No escape sequence or control code is required to specify any character in any language. The Unicode character encoding treats alphabetic characters, ideographic characters, and symbols equivalently, which means they can be used in any mixture and with equal facility."

785:, first introduced in version 3.2 and supplemented in version 4.0. While variation selectors are treated as combining characters, they have no associated diacritic or mark. Instead, by combining with a base character, they signal the two character sequence selects a variation (typically in terms of grapheme, but also in terms of underlying meaning as in the case of a location name or other proper noun) of the base character. This then is not a selection of an alternate glyph, but the selection of a grapheme variation or a variation of the base abstract character. Such a two-character sequence however can be easily mapped to a separate single glyph in modern fonts. Since Unicode has assigned 256 separate variation selectors, it is capable of assigning 256 variations for any Han ideograph. Such variations can be specific to one language or another and enable the encoding of plain text that includes such grapheme variations. 738:(generating the combination "å") might be understood by a user as a single grapheme while being composed of multiple Unicode abstract characters. In addition, Unicode also assigns some code points to a small number (other than for compatibility reasons) of formatting characters, whitespace characters, and other abstract characters that are not graphemes, but instead used to control the breaks between lines, words, graphemes and grapheme clusters. With the unified Han ideographs, the Unicode Standard makes a departure from prior practices in assigning abstract characters not as graphemes, but according to the underlying meaning of the grapheme: what linguists sometimes call 794:

Japanese writing systems historically, the inability to specify a particular variant was considered a significant obstacle to the use of Unicode in scholarly work. For example, the unification of "grass" (explained above), means that a historical text cannot be encoded so as to preserve its peculiar orthography. Instead, for example, the scholar would be required to locate the desired glyph in a specific typeface in order to convey the text as written, defeating the purpose of a unified character set. Unicode has responded to these needs by assigning variation selectors so that authors can select grapheme variations of particular ideographs (or even other characters).

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displayed incorrectly. (Proper names tend to be especially orthographically conservative—compare this to changing the spelling of one's name to suit a language reform in the US or UK.) While this may be considered primarily a graphical representation or rendering problem to be overcome by more artful fonts, the widespread use of Unicode would make it difficult to preserve such distinctions. The problem of one character representing semantically different concepts is also present in the Latin part of Unicode. The Unicode character for a curved apostrophe is the same as the character for a right single quote (’). On the other hand, the capital

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in another language style. (That is to say, it would be difficult to access "grass" with the four-stroke radical more typical of Traditional Chinese in a Japanese environment, which fonts would typically depict the three-stroke radical.) Unihan proponents tend to favor markup languages for defining language strings, but this would not ensure the use of a specific variant in the case given, only the language-specific font more likely to depict a character as that variant. (At this point, merely stylistic differences do enter in, as a selection of Japanese and Chinese fonts are not likely to be visually compatible.)

869:). Yet for a reader of Latin script based languages the two variations of the "a" character are both recognized as the same grapheme. Graphemes present in national character code standards have been added to Unicode, as required by Unicode's Source Separation rule, even where they can be composed of characters already available. The national character code standards existing in CJK languages are considerably more involved, given the technological limitations under which they evolved, and so the official CJK participants in Han unification may well have been amenable to reform. 313: 1397:

when Unicode's definition is that specialized semantic variants have the same meaning only in certain contexts. Languages use them differently. A pair whose characters are 100% drop-in replacements for each other in Japanese may not be so flexible in Chinese. Thus, any comprehensive merger of recommended code points would have to maintain some variants that differ only slightly in appearance even if the meaning is 100% the same for all contexts in one language, because in another language the two characters may not be 100% drop-in replacements.

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may be the same for CJK languages, the glyphs in common use for the same characters may not be. For example, the traditional Chinese glyph for "grass" uses four strokes for the "grass" radical , whereas the simplified Chinese, Japanese, and Korean glyphs use three. But there is only one Unicode point for the grass character (U+8349) regardless of writing system. Another example is the ideograph for "one," which is different in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Many people think that the three versions should be encoded differently.

674: 3507:, which provides information about all of the unified Han characters encoded in the Unicode Standard, including mappings to various national and industry standards, indices into standard dictionaries, encoded variants, pronunciations in various languages, and an English definition. The database is available to the public as text files and via an interactive website. The latter also includes representative glyphs and definitions for compound words drawn from the free Japanese 8077: 6033: 6022: 474: 77: 1441:(from a font) suitable to the specified language. (Besides actual character variation—look for differences in stroke order, number, or direction—the typefaces may also reflect different typographical styles, as with serif and non-serif alphabets.) This only works for fallback glyph selection if you have CJK fonts installed on your system and the font selected to display this article does not include glyphs for these characters. 238: 36: 532: 179: 834:(CJK-JRG) favored a proposal (DIS 10646) for a non-unified character set, "which was thrown out in favor of unification with the Unicode Consortium's unified character set by the votes of American and European ISO members" (even though the Japanese position was unclear). Endorsing the Unicode Han unification was a necessary step for the heated ISO 10646/Unicode merger. 1127:, whether that difference be due to simplification, international variance or intra-national variance. However, for some platforms (e.g., smartphones), a device may come with only one font pre-installed. The system font must make a decision for the default glyph for each code point and these glyphs can differ greatly, indicating different underlying graphemes. 2371:. There is a reason for this that has nothing to do with how the domestic bodies view the characters themselves. China went through a process in the twentieth century that changed (if not simplified) several characters. During this transition, there was a need to be able to encode both variants within the same document. Korean has always used the variant of 2512:). The PRC's text encoding bodies did not encode the two variants differently. The fact that almost every other change brought about by the PRC, no matter how minor, did warrant its own code point suggests that this exception may have been unintentional. Unicode copied the existing standards as is, preserving such irregularities. 778:

such as OpenType allow for the mapping of alternate glyphs according to language so that a text rendering system can look to the user's environmental settings to determine which glyph to use. The problem with these approaches is that they fail to meet the goals of Unicode to define a consistent way of encoding multilingual text.

1295:. Much software (such as the MediaWiki software that hosts Knowledge) will replace all canonically equivalent characters that are discouraged (e.g. the angstrom symbol) with the recommended equivalent. Despite the name, CJK "compatibility variants" are canonically equivalent characters and not compatibility characters. 1131:

semantically identical characters that have many variants. In addition to the standard character sets in Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Kyūjitai Japanese and Shinjitai Japanese, there also exist "ancient" forms of characters that are of interest to historians, linguists and philologists.

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One would expect that all simplified characters would simultaneously also be z-variants or semantic variants with their traditional counterparts, but many are neither. It is easier to explain the strange case that semantic variants can be simultaneously both semantic variants and specialized variants

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Some pairs of Traditional and Simplified are also considered to be semantic variants. According to Unicode's definitions, it makes sense that all simplifications (that do not result in wholly different characters being merged for their homophony) will be a form of semantic variant. Unicode classifies

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These compatibility characters (excluding the twelve unified ideographs in the CJK Compatibility Ideographs block) are included for compatibility with legacy text handling systems and other legacy character sets. They include forms of characters for vertical text layout and rich text characters that

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have specifically listed the system as a trade barrier in Japan. The report claimed that the adoption of the TRON-based system by the Japanese government is advantageous to Japanese manufacturers, and thus excluding US operating systems from the huge new market; specifically the report lists MS-DOS,

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Unlike European versions, CJK Unicode fonts, due to Han unification, have large but irregular patterns of overlap, requiring language-specific fonts. Unfortunately, language-specific fonts also make it difficult to access a variant which, as with the "grass" example, happens to appear more typically

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Since the Unihan standard encodes "abstract characters", not "glyphs", the graphical artifacts produced by Unicode have been considered temporary technical hurdles, and at most, cosmetic. However, again, particularly in Japan, due in part to the way in which Chinese characters were incorporated into

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To deal with the use of different graphemes for the same Unihan sememe, Unicode has relied on several mechanisms: especially as it relates to rendering text. One has been to treat it as simply a font issue so that different fonts might be used to render Chinese, Japanese or Korean. Also font formats

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may have to tag the character as "Traditional Chinese" or trust that the recipient's Japanese font uses only the Kyūjitai glyphs, but tags of Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese may be necessary to show the two forms side by side in a Japanese textbook. This would preclude one from using the

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Almost all of the variants that the PRC developed or standardized got distinct code points owing simply to the fortune of the Simplified Chinese transition carrying through into the computing age. This privilege however, seems to apply inconsistently, whereas most simplifications performed in Japan

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Consequently, relying on language markup across the board as an approach is beset with two major issues. First, there are contexts where language markup is not available (code commits, plain text). Second, any solution would require every operating system to come pre-installed with many glyphs for

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The problem stems from the fact that Unicode encodes characters rather than "glyphs," which are the visual representations of the characters. There are four basic traditions for East Asian character shapes: traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. While the Han root character

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In the twentieth century, East Asian countries made their own respective encoding standards. Within each standard, there coexisted variants with distinct code points, hence the distinct code points in Unicode for certain sets of variants. Taking Simplified Chinese as an example, the two character

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In order to resolve issues brought by Han unification, a Unicode Technical Standard known as the Unicode Ideographic Variation Database have been created to resolve the problem of specifying specific glyph in plain text environment. By registering glyph collections into the Ideographic Variation

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The Unicode Consortium has recognized errors in other instances. The myriad Unicode blocks for CJK Han Ideographs have redundancies in original standards, redundancies brought about by flawed importation of the original standards, as well as accidental mergers that are later corrected, providing

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For a grapheme to be represented by various glyphs means that the grapheme has glyph variations that are usually determined by selecting one font or another or using glyph substitution features where multiple glyphs are included in a single font. Such glyph variations are considered by Unicode a

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A grapheme is the smallest abstract unit of meaning in a writing system. Any grapheme has many possible glyph expressions, but all are recognized as the same grapheme by those with reading and writing knowledge of a particular writing system. Although Unicode typically assigns characters to code

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to cancel the Center of Educational Computing's selection of the TRON-based system for the use of educational computers. The incident is regarded as a symbolic event for the loss of momentum and eventual demise of the BTRON system, which led to the widespread adoption of MS-DOS in Japan and the

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as both its compatibility variant and its z-variant. The compatibility variant field overrides the z-variant field, forcing normalization under all forms, including canonical equivalence. Despite the name, compatibility variants are actually canonically equivalent and are united in any Unicode

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Japanese or Vietnamese. Instead of some variants getting distinct code points while other groups of variants have to share single code points, all variants could be reliably expressed only with metadata tags (e.g., CSS formatting in webpages). The burden would be on all those who use differing

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The International Ideographs Core (IICore) is a subset of 9810 ideographs derived from the CJK Unified Ideographs tables, designed to be implemented in devices with limited memory, input/output capability, and/or applications where the use of the complete ISO 10646 ideograph repertoire is not

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Unicode's Unihan database has already drawn connections between many characters. The Unicode database catalogs the connections between variant characters with distinct code points already. However, for characters with a shared code point, the reference glyph image is usually biased toward the

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For native speakers, variants can be unintelligible or be unacceptable in educated contexts. English speakers may understand a handwritten note saying "4P5 kg" as "495 kg", but writing the nine backwards (so it looks like a "P") can be jarring and would be considered incorrect in any school.

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Unicode claims that "Ideally, there would be no pairs of z-variants in the Unicode Standard." This would make it seem that the goal is to at least unify all minor variants, compatibility redundancies and accidental redundancies, leaving the differentiation to fonts and to language tags. This

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U+4E22 for Simplified Chinese GB #2210). It is also noted that Traditional and Simplified characters should be encoded separately according to Unicode Han Unification rules, because they are distinguished in pre-existing PRC character sets. Furthermore, as with other variants, Traditional to

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Small differences in graphical representation are also problematic when they affect legibility or belong to the wrong cultural tradition. Besides making some Unicode fonts unusable for texts involving multiple "Unihan languages", names or other orthographically sensitive terminology might be

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Some of the controversy stems from the fact that the very decision of performing Han unification was made by the initial Unicode Consortium, which at the time was a consortium of North American companies and organizations (most of them in California), but included no East Asian government

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representatives. The initial design goal was to create a 16-bit standard, and Han unification was therefore a critical step for avoiding tens of thousands of character duplications. This 16-bit requirement was later abandoned, making the size of the character set less of an issue today.

742:. This departure therefore is not simply explained by the oft quoted distinction between an abstract character and a glyph, but is more rooted in the difference between an abstract character assigned as a grapheme and an abstract character assigned as a sememe. In contrast, consider 681:" has widely differing glyphs that all represent concrete instances of the same abstract grapheme. Although a native reader of any language using the Latin script recognizes these two glyphs as the same grapheme, to others they might appear to be completely unrelated. 1178:

to be near identical z-variants while at the same time classifying them as significantly different semantic variants. There are also cases of some pairs of characters being simultaneously semantic variants and specialized semantic variants and simplified variants:

900:) and they are, with some differences, more familiar to Korean and Japanese users.) Unicode is seen as neutral with regards to this politically charged issue, and has encoded Simplified and Traditional Chinese glyphs separately (e.g. the ideograph for "discard" is 2303:

No character variant that is exclusive to Korean or Vietnamese has received its own code point, whereas almost all Shinjitai Japanese variants or Simplified Chinese variants each have distinct code points and unambiguous reference glyphs in the Unicode standard.

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OS/2 and UNIX as examples. The Office of USTR was allegedly under Microsoft's influence as its former officer Tom Robertson was then offered a lucrative position by Microsoft. While the TRON system itself was subsequently removed from the list of sanction by

1242:(U+27EAF). If a font has glyphs encoded to both points so that one font is used for both, they should appear identical. These cases are listed as z-variants despite having no variance at all. Intentionally duplicated characters were added to facilitate 630:) are encoded separately in Unicode, as they are not considered national variants. The first is the common form in all three countries, while the second and third are used on financial instruments to prevent tampering (they may be considered variants). 1093:

There has not been any push for full semantic unification of all semantically linked characters, though the idea would treat the respective users of East Asian languages the same, whether they write in Korean, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese,

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However, Han unification has also caused considerable controversy, particularly among the Japanese public, who, with the nation's literati, have a history of protesting the culling of historically and culturally significant variants. (See

2396:. This can cause problems for the language tagging strategy. There is no universal tag for the traditional and "simplified" versions of Japanese as there are for Chinese. Thus, any Japanese writer wanting to display the Kyūjitai form of 1310:(U+6F22) does not have this equivalence listed in this entry. Unicode demands that all entries, once admitted, cannot change compatibility or equivalence so that normalization rules for already existing characters do not change. 1246:. Because round-trip conversion was an early selling point of Unicode, this meant that if a national standard in use unnecessarily duplicated a character, Unicode had to do the same. Unicode calls these intentional duplications " 841:, as defined in Unicode, and the related but distinct idea of graphemes. Unicode assigns abstract characters (graphemes), as opposed to glyphs, which are a particular visual representations of a character in a specific 2550:

attributes. However, some variants with arguably minimal differences get distinct codepoints, and not every variant with arguably substantial changes gets a unique codepoint. As an example, take a character such as

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While the unification aspect of Unicode is controversial in some quarters for the reasons given above, Unicode itself does now encode a vast number of seldom-used characters of a more-or-less antiquarian nature.

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Most of these are legacy and obsolete characters, however, as per Unicode's objective to encode every writing system that is or has ever been used; only 2000 to 3000 characters are necessary to be considered

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in Unicode, but only for "compatibility reasons". Any Unicode-conformant font must display the Kyūjitai and Shinjitai versions' equivalent code points in Unicode as the same. Unofficially, a font may display

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Database (IVD), it is possible to use Ideographic Variation Selectors to form Ideographic Variation Sequence (IVS) to specify or restrict the appropriate glyph in text processing in a Unicode environment.

2383:(U+5165) radical on top. Therefore, it had no reason to encode both variants. Korean language documents made in the twentieth century had little reason to represent both versions in the same document. 2473:(U+7EA2) got separate code points in the PRC's text encoding standards bodies so Chinese-language documents could use both versions. The two variants received distinct code points in Unicode as well. 2585:(U+514C/U+5151), either method can be used to display the different glyphs. In the following table, each row compares variants that have been assigned different code points. For brevity, note that 596:

may approach or exceed 100,000 characters. Version 1 of Unicode was designed to fit into 16 bits and only 20,940 characters (32%) out of the possible 65,536 were reserved for these

766:, "¨", and the "o" it modifies may be seen as two separate graphemes, whereas in languages such as Swedish, the letter "ö" may be seen as a single grapheme. Similarly in English 3338:(F900–FAFF) (the twelve characters at FA0E, FA0F, FA11, FA13, FA14, FA1F, FA21, FA23, FA24, FA27, FA28 and FA29 are actually "unified ideographs" not "compatibility ideographs") 546: 193: 1369:

as equivalent. Even within Japan, the variants are on different sides of a major simplification called Shinjitai. Unicode would effectively make the PRC's simplification of

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and a single quotation mark) are unified because the glyphs are the same. For Unihan the characters are not unified by their appearance, but by their definition or meaning.

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differently with 海 (U+6D77) as the Shinjitai version and 海 (U+FA45) as the Kyūjitai version (which is identical to the traditional version in written Chinese and Korean).

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and mainland China with code points in national standards, including characters simplified differently in each country, did make it into Unicode as distinct code points.

2350:(U+4EBA). Both variants of the first character got their own distinct code points. However, the two variants of the second character had to share the same code point. 3969: 977:, which is now the base character set for many new standards and protocols, internationally adopted, and is built into the architecture of operating systems ( 6540: 770:

on an "i" is understood as a part of the "i" grapheme whereas in other languages, such as Turkish, the dot may be seen as a separate grapheme added to the

589:(IRG), made up of experts from the Chinese-speaking countries, North and South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and other countries, is responsible for the process. 3991: 1063:-based system was adopted by Japanese government organizations "Center for Educational Computing" as the system of choice for school education including 642: 6377: 2546:

In some cases, often where the changes are the most striking, Unicode has encoded variant characters, making it unnecessary to switch between fonts or

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The justification Unicode gives is that the national standards body in the PRC made distinct code points for the two variations of the first character

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This leaves the option to settle on one unified reference grapheme for all z-variants, which is contentious since few outside of Japan would recognize

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There are several alternative character sets that are not encoding according to the principle of Han Unification, and thus free from its restrictions:

1256:(U+6F22) its compatibility variant. As long as an application uses the same font for both, they should appear identical. Sometimes, as in the case of 710:

However, this quote refers to the fact that some graphemes are composed of several graphic elements or "characters". So, for example, the character

7486: 4925: 1068: 4580: 2500:). Simplified Chinese, Kyūjitai Japanese and Shinjitai Japanese use a three-stroke version, like two plus signs sharing their horizontal strokes ( 2488:(U+8349), the radical was placed at the top, but had two different forms. Traditional Chinese and Korean use a four-stroke version. At the top of 4867: 6485: 6560: 6074: 5990: 1326:

as each other's respective traditional and simplified variants and also as each other's semantic variants. However, while Unicode classifies

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Sixty-two Shinjitai "simplified" characters with distinct code points in Japan got merged with their Kyūjitai traditional equivalents, like

4480: 1381:(U+4FB6) a monumental difference by comparison. Such a plan would also eliminate the very visually distinct variations for characters like 1077: 550: 197: 5975: 3675: 2595:). They will not appear here nor will the simplified Chinese characters that take consistently simplified radical components (e.g., 3936: 3445:

The libUnihan project provides a normalized SQLite Unihan database and corresponding C library. All tables in this database are in

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An abstract character does not necessarily correspond to what a user thinks of as a "character" and should not be confused with a

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One rationale was the desire to limit the size of the full Unicode character set, where CJK characters as represented by discrete

8119: 7787: 7541: 5995: 4785: 4127: 3984: 3393: 1045: 2455:

component. However, in mainland China, the standards bodies wanted to standardize the cursive form when used in characters like

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These region-dependent character sets are also seen as not affected by Han Unification because of their region-specific nature:

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In each row of the following table, the same character is repeated in all six columns. However, each column is marked (by the

141: 7526: 6480: 5014: 4693: 113: 7660: 5009: 1073: 1025: 845:. One character may be represented by many distinct glyphs, for example a "g" or an "a", both of which may have one loop ( 8099: 1154:(U+4E22) are examples that Unicode gives as differing in a significant way in their abstract shapes, while Unicode lists 782: 341: 8109: 8054: 7565: 7368: 6112: 4543: 4095: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 3977: 3364: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 120: 819:. This is, of course, desirable for reasons of compatibility, and deals with a much smaller alphabetic character set. 7610: 7226: 7221: 6724: 6555: 6102: 6067: 3866: 638:. Today, the list of characters officially recognized for use in proper names continues to expand at a modest pace.) 600:. Unicode was later extended to 21 bits allowing many more CJK characters (97,680 are assigned, with room for more). 572: 513: 299: 281: 219: 160: 63: 4378: 4369: 263: 8129: 6644: 4842: 4473: 3806: 1247: 963: 491: 94: 49: 7862: 7797: 7551: 7531: 4847: 4762: 4663: 4123: 4107: 4091: 3411: 3405: 3399: 876:

Chinese users seem to have fewer objections to Han unification, largely because Unicode did not attempt to unify

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unit – hence, "Han unification", with the resulting character repertoire sometimes contracted to

201: 127: 5324: 5043: 955:(based on sequence codes to switch between Chinese, Japanese, Korean character sets – hence without unification) 656: 8104: 7615: 6208: 1001: 881: 495: 443: 248: 98: 4185: 3624: 7729: 7700: 7350: 5144: 4958: 4942: 4905: 4752: 4688: 4508: 4145: 3820: 3428: 1418: 885: 877: 452: 3342:

Unicode includes support of CJKV radicals, strokes, punctuation, marks and symbols in the following blocks:

2449:(U+7EA2) are semantically identical and the glyphs differ only in the latter using a cursive version of the 703: 687: 109: 7792: 7680: 7640: 6060: 5883: 5753: 5068: 4678: 4115: 3515:

dictionary projects (which are provided for convenience and are not a formal part of the Unicode Standard).

3387: 3335: 1414: 1243: 1067:. However, in April, a report titled "1989 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers" from 865: 859: 853: 847: 8124: 8034: 7645: 7575: 7561: 7546: 7450: 7363: 7335: 7301: 6002: 5119: 4930: 4730: 4466: 4103: 4099: 3358: 3352: 1005: 997: 4158: 781:

So rather than treat the issue as a rich text problem of glyph alternates, Unicode added the concept of

8008: 7953: 7874: 7655: 7311: 7306: 6659: 5682: 5169: 5004: 4999: 4648: 4553: 3657: 831: 586: 416: 7650: 5687: 5063: 4138: 7715: 7670: 7506: 7055: 6759: 6704: 6669: 5607: 4884: 4593: 3739: 1135:

Traditional Chinese version. Also, the decision of whether to classify pairs as semantic variants or

635: 419:. In the formulation of Unicode, an attempt was made to unify these variants by considering them as 7230: 6739: 6719: 6714: 6654: 6649: 6158: 4698: 2589:

variants with different components will usually (and unsurprisingly) take unique codepoints (e.g.,

1338:(U+4EBF) as each other's respective traditional and simplified variants, Unicode does not consider 1017: 1013: 7605: 5484: 3606: 8080: 8064: 7991: 7986: 7948: 7919: 7884: 7316: 7050: 6749: 6634: 6037: 5938: 5858: 5294: 5199: 4548: 4536: 4119: 4087: 3381: 3346: 1304:(U+6F22) was and its entry informs the user of the compatibility information. On the other hand, 484: 357: 337: 331: 259: 87: 24: 1191:(U+4E2A). There are cases of non-mutual equivalence. For example, the Unihan database entry for 541:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

7675: 7665: 7521: 7511: 7045: 6754: 6199: 6186: 6122: 5627: 5374: 5229: 5164: 4879: 4747: 4653: 4612: 4293: 4000: 3266: 3251: 1262:

with U+8ECA and U+F902, the added compatibility character lists the already present version of

597: 20: 2437:, with two variants, the second form being simply the cursive form. The radical components of 7852: 7690: 7625: 7501: 7040: 6194: 5823: 5577: 5572: 5449: 4862: 4627: 3937:"OGCIO : Download Area : International Ideographs Core (IICORE) Comparison Utility" 2520:

Likewise, to users of one CJK language reading a document with "foreign" glyphs: variants of

763: 134: 7070: 5529: 2482:(U+8278) proves how arbitrary the state of affairs is. When used to compose characters like 1269:

normalization scheme and not only under compatibility normalization. This is similar to how

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An article hosted by IBM attempts to illustrate part of the motivation for Han unification:

8013: 7685: 7445: 7065: 5808: 5722: 5642: 5364: 5329: 5209: 1064: 55: 3685: 8: 7968: 7595: 7080: 6965: 6955: 6950: 5853: 5763: 5707: 5073: 5053: 4852: 4837: 4742: 4668: 4658: 1430: 930: 401: 255: 5848: 3705: 2461:. Because this change happened relatively recently, there was a transition period. Both 837:

Much of the controversy surrounding Han unification is based on the distinction between

659:), summarizing major criticism against the Han Unification approach adopted by Unicode. 8049: 7897: 7710: 7705: 7630: 6629: 6603: 6127: 6083: 5954: 5873: 5843: 5813: 5793: 5429: 5409: 5159: 4725: 4602: 4598: 4503: 4038: 3550: 3504: 830:

The controversy later extended to the internationally representative ISO: the initial

8039: 7978: 7958: 7620: 7600: 7580: 7208: 6684: 6664: 6176: 5923: 5833: 5818: 5657: 5622: 5434: 5274: 5099: 4910: 4622: 4563: 4343: 4111: 3862: 3814: 3484: 3446: 3442:

The Unihan project has always made an effort to make available their build database.

3375: 3278:(4E00–9FFF) (Otherwise known as URO, abbreviation of Unified Repertoire and Ordering) 1422: 978: 925: 813: 652: 385: 312: 5349: 3918: 3567: 2320:(U+5185) differ in exactly the same way as do the Korean and non-Korean variants of 704:

The Unicode® Standard Version 15.0 – Core Specification §3.4 Characters and Encoding

8114: 7996: 7570: 7536: 7246: 7075: 6026: 5985: 5878: 5828: 5717: 5677: 5602: 5592: 5582: 5454: 5439: 5344: 5319: 5194: 5174: 5034: 4920: 4673: 4632: 1410: 377: 3774: 2538:

may be unreadable to Non-Japanese people. (In Japan, both variants are accepted).

2403:

same font for an entire document, however. There are two distinct code points for

686:

points to express the graphemes within a system of writing, the Unicode Standard (

7963: 6694: 6689: 6679: 6624: 6309: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 5980: 5933: 5918: 5778: 5743: 5738: 5672: 5662: 5612: 5479: 5469: 5464: 5414: 5384: 5254: 5244: 5204: 5104: 4994: 4683: 4588: 4558: 4022: 1426: 935: 393: 321: 5189: 3789: 1230:

Some clerical errors led to doubling of completely identical characters such as

1166:

as z-variants, differing only in font styling. Paradoxically, Unicode considers

816: 7496: 7491: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7430: 7425: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7241: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6764: 6349: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6097: 5888: 5868: 5788: 5768: 5758: 5667: 5514: 5444: 5419: 5399: 5354: 5339: 5314: 5264: 5239: 5184: 5139: 3844: 3644:"Unicode Technical Note 26: On the Encoding of Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, and Han" 2557:(U+5165), for which the only way to display the variants is to change font (or 1033: 806: 369: 365: 6744: 3371:

Additional compatibility (discouraged use) characters appear in these blocks:

2365:, whereas Korea never made separate code points for the different variants of 626: 620: 614: 405: 8093: 7816: 7236: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 6975: 6970: 6960: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6699: 6674: 6639: 6598: 6344: 5908: 5893: 5773: 5712: 5597: 5539: 5534: 5499: 5474: 5424: 5309: 5299: 5149: 5094: 4937: 4735: 4531: 4017: 3588: 1139:

is not always consistent or clear, despite rationalizations in the handbook.

1081: 1076:

after protests by the organization in May 1989, the trade dispute caused the

361: 553:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

200:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7556: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 6734: 6729: 6709: 6593: 6585: 6218: 5903: 5637: 5632: 5587: 5489: 5404: 5394: 5304: 5279: 5219: 5134: 5114: 5109: 5089: 4968: 4915: 3472: 3271:

Ideographic characters assigned by Unicode appear in the following blocks:

1514: 1037: 973:

However, none of these alternative standards has been as widely adopted as

952: 799: 673: 438:

Nevertheless, many characters have regional variants assigned to different

4513: 3956:"libUnihan - A library for Unihan character database in fifth normal form" 3236: 6151: 6134: 5959: 5798: 5783: 5697: 5567: 5544: 5509: 5379: 5359: 5334: 5154: 4617: 4607: 3454: 1434: 1009: 747: 428: 4889: 3900: 3882: 3546: 1095: 884:. (Simplified Chinese characters are used among Chinese speakers in the 8001: 7909: 7762: 7440: 6535: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6455: 6339: 6334: 6324: 6319: 6117: 6107: 5838: 5289: 5179: 4815: 4523: 3718: 982: 755: 498: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 439: 317: 7942: 6052: 3643: 2561:

attribute) as described in the previous table. On the other hand, for

958: 7889: 7867: 7772: 7585: 6614: 6545: 6525: 6520: 6445: 6440: 5702: 5617: 5549: 5284: 5058: 4978: 4973: 4874: 4857: 3478: 2586: 2338:(U+4EBA). Each respective variant of the second character has either 1221:

was obviously already in the database at the time that the entry for

1136: 1099: 1041: 989: 889: 771: 751: 668: 593: 420: 3955: 2326:(U+5168). Each respective variant of the first character has either 585:

The Unicode Standard details the principles of Han unification. The

473: 266:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 76: 8059: 7914: 7879: 7857: 7767: 7590: 6530: 6515: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6450: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6181: 6171: 6167: 6141: 5928: 5898: 5748: 5733: 5728: 5519: 5269: 5249: 5214: 5124: 4963: 4780: 4396: 4385: 3807:"Unicode in Japan: Guide to a technical and psychological struggle" 3466: 1053: 1049: 896:. Traditional Chinese characters are used in Hong Kong and Taiwan ( 893: 842: 651:" (We are feeling anxious for the future character encoding system 412: 373: 5369: 754:, where graphemes with widely different meanings (for example, an 7929: 7725: 7635: 7516: 7090: 6460: 6435: 6425: 6163: 5652: 5647: 5524: 5459: 5389: 5129: 4489: 4004: 974: 940: 353: 7934: 7924: 7902: 7782: 7757: 7752: 7435: 7326: 7216: 6575: 6565: 6550: 6367: 5913: 5692: 5504: 5494: 5224: 4810: 4805: 4775: 4374: 3760: 3512: 3503:

Unihan can also refer to the Unihan Database maintained by the

767: 739: 424: 2541: 8029: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7354: 7060: 6570: 6510: 6372: 6146: 6007: 5863: 5803: 5259: 5234: 4800: 4795: 4790: 3547:"Unicode® Standard Annex #38 | UNICODE HAN DATABASE (UNIHAN)" 3508: 3434:

feasible. There are 9810 characters in the current standard.

1438: 1060: 1029: 1021: 985: 967: 838: 809: 743: 397: 389: 381: 3755: 3753: 2573:(U+5185) gets a unique codepoint. For some characters, like 7340: 6430: 3450: 993: 897: 376:. Han characters are a feature shared in common by written 4458: 7807: 3750: 3680: 1085:

eventual adoption of Unicode with its successor Windows.

788: 1400: 913:

Simplified characters is not a one-to-one relationship.

19:"Unihan" redirects here. For the historical period, see 3245: 2532:

can be missing a stroke/have an extraneous stroke, and

3625:"Chapter 18: East Asia, Principles of Han Unification" 3453:, while its database, UnihanDb, is released under the 1088: 802: 678: 2494:

should be something that looks like two plus signs (

3481: – Glyphs with minor typographical differences 643:

Japan Electronic Industries Development Association

636:

Kanji § Orthographic reform and lists of kanji

101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5033: 3901:"UTS #37: Unicode Ideographic Variation Database" 3419:Unicode recommends handling through other means. 8091: 8009:Unicode control, format and separator characters 3845:"The Most Popular Operating System in the World" 3422: 1298:漢 (U+FA9A) was added to the database later than 1203:(U+9F9C) to be its z-variant, but the entry for 1069:Office of the United States Trade Representative 3583: 3581: 3216: 3170: 3008: 2822: 2765: 2708: 2590: 2411: 2404: 2397: 2391: 1364: 1358: 1222: 1210: 1192: 1173: 1161: 906:U+4E1F for Traditional Chinese Big5 #A5E1 and 646: 6068: 4474: 3985: 3607:"Unihan Database Lookup: Sample lookup for 中" 3475: – Assimilation into Han Chinese culture 3203: 3190: 3157: 3144: 3126: 3111: 3098: 3076: 3063: 3041: 3028: 2995: 2982: 2960: 2947: 2925: 2912: 2890: 2877: 2855: 2842: 2809: 2796: 2778: 2752: 2739: 2721: 2695: 2682: 2660: 2647: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2552: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2420: 2360: 2354: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2315: 2309: 1409:attribute) as being in a different language: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1321: 1315: 1305: 1299: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1237: 1231: 1216: 1204: 1198: 1186: 1180: 1167: 1155: 1149: 1143: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1104: 907: 901: 455: 446: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2321: 1282:is canonically equivalent to a pre-composed 1078:Ministry of International Trade and Industry 463: 3809:. Archived from the original on 2009-06-27. 3578: 3562: 3560: 3469: – Official Chinese character encoding 2542:Examples of some non-unified Han ideographs 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 6075: 6061: 5976:Cultural, political, and religious symbols 4481: 4467: 3992: 3978: 3734: 3732: 662: 1681:close (simplified) / laugh (traditional) 612:In fact, the three ideographs for "one" ( 573:Learn how and when to remove this message 514:Learn how and when to remove this message 300:Learn how and when to remove this message 282:Learn how and when to remove this message 220:Learn how and when to remove this message 161:Learn how and when to remove this message 3883:"UAX #38: Unicode Han Database (Unihan)" 3877: 3875: 3641: 3557: 3437: 672: 311: 6082: 4509:ISO/IEC 10646 (Universal Character Set) 4128:CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 3729: 3394:CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 2516:precedent for dis-unifying characters. 1350:to be semantic variants of each other. 372:languages into a single set of unified 342:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 16:Effort to map CJK characters in Unicode 8092: 4441: 3842: 3787: 3708:Steven J. Searle; Web Master, TRON Web 1293:LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE 6056: 5032: 4462: 3973: 3872: 1437:should select, for each character, a 1401:Examples of language-dependent glyphs 645:(JEIDA) published a pamphlet titled " 415:typically use regional or historical 5010:International Components for Unicode 4959:Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) 3246:Ideographic Variation Database (IVD) 2425:(U+7CF8) is used in characters like 1074:Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 1026:International Components for Unicode 525: 496:adding citations to reliable sources 467: 427:representing the same "grapheme" or 411:Modern Chinese, Japanese and Korean 231: 172: 99:adding citations to reliable sources 70: 29: 3449:. libUnihan is released under the 1089:Merger of all equivalent characters 13: 7419:Norwegian and Danish (alternative) 5991:Mathematical operators and symbols 4096:Ideographic Description Characters 4084:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I 4080:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H 4076:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G 4072:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F 4068:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E 4064:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D 4060:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C 4056:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B 4052:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A 3365:Ideographic Description Characters 3330:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I 3324:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension H 3318:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension G 3312:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension F 3306:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E 3300:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension D 3294:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension C 3288:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B 3282:CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A 1048:rendering engines), font formats ( 14: 8141: 3260: 2361: 2355: 2316: 2310: 1250:" as with 漢 (U+FA9A) which calls 1244:bit-for-bit round-trip conversion 992:systems), programming languages ( 417:variants of a given Han character 320:(U+8FD4) in regional versions of 316:Differences for the same Unicode 45:This article has multiple issues. 8076: 8075: 6032: 6031: 6021: 6020: 6003:Phonetic symbols (including IPA) 3953: 3788:Becker, Joseph D. (1998-08-29). 3761:"Ideographic Variation Database" 2619:). This list is not exhaustive. 530: 472: 236: 177: 75: 34: 7863:Digital encoding of APL symbols 7798:Comparison of Unicode encodings 6316:Proposed but not approved 4124:Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 4108:Enclosed CJK Letters and Months 3947: 3929: 3911: 3893: 3855: 3843:Krikke, Jan (15 October 2003). 3836: 3827: 3799: 3781: 3767: 3711: 3699: 3668: 3406:Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 3400:Enclosed CJK Letters and Months 3237:MDBG Chinese-English Dictionary 2282: 2254: 2226: 2198: 2170: 2142: 2114: 2086: 2058: 2030: 2002: 1974: 1946: 1918: 1890: 1862: 1834: 1806: 1778: 1750: 1722: 1694: 1666: 1638: 1610: 1582: 1554: 1526: 1142:So-called semantic variants of 916: 483:needs additional citations for 352:is an effort by the authors of 86:needs additional citations for 53:or discuss these issues on the 8120:Natural language and computing 3650: 3635: 3617: 3599: 3539: 3518: 3497: 3158: 2996: 2983: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2292: 2264: 2236: 2208: 2180: 2152: 2124: 2096: 2068: 2040: 2012: 1984: 1956: 1928: 1900: 1872: 1844: 1816: 1788: 1760: 1732: 1704: 1676: 1648: 1620: 1592: 1564: 1536: 1377: 1371: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1217: 1205: 1199: 1187: 1181: 1168: 1150: 1144: 908: 902: 882:Traditional Chinese characters 456: 447: 1: 4943:International Ideographs Core 4753:International Ideographs Core 4694:Alias names and abbreviations 3532: 3429:International Ideographs Core 3423:International Ideographs Core 2526:can appear as mirror images, 878:Simplified Chinese characters 5165:CJK Unified Ideographs (Han) 5015:People involved with Unicode 4116:CJK Compatibility Ideographs 3684:. 2013-12-16. Archived from 3676:"The secret life of Unicode" 3642:Whistler, Ken (2010-10-25). 3388:CJK Compatibility Ideographs 3336:CJK Compatibility Ideographs 2279: 2276: 2251: 2248: 2223: 2220: 2195: 2192: 2167: 2164: 2139: 2136: 2111: 2108: 2083: 2080: 2055: 2052: 2027: 2024: 1999: 1996: 1971: 1968: 1943: 1940: 1915: 1912: 1887: 1884: 1859: 1856: 1831: 1828: 1803: 1800: 1775: 1772: 1747: 1744: 1719: 1716: 1691: 1688: 1663: 1660: 1635: 1632: 1607: 1604: 1579: 1576: 1551: 1548: 1523: 1520: 1215:as a z-variant, even though 789:Unihan "abstract characters" 555:Knowledge's inclusion policy 423: – different 202:Knowledge's inclusion policy 7: 8035:Character encodings in HTML 7369:National Replacement (NRCS) 7336:Japanese language in EBCDIC 4488: 4100:CJK Symbols and Punctuation 3460: 3359:CJK Symbols and Punctuation 262:the claims made and adding 10: 8146: 8100:Chinese-language computing 5005:Ideographic Research Group 5000:ConScript Unicode Registry 4039:Scripts contained in block 3426: 3264: 3249: 886:People's Republic of China 666: 587:Ideographic Research Group 18: 8110:Korean-language computing 8073: 8022: 7977: 7845: 7806: 7724: 7459: 7349: 7325: 7207: 7089: 6773: 6612: 6584: 6418: 6360: 6217: 6090: 6016: 5968: 5947: 5558: 5082: 5042: 5028: 4987: 4951: 4898: 4885:Regional indicator symbol 4828: 4761: 4718: 4711: 4641: 4594:Combining grapheme joiner 4579: 4572: 4522: 4496: 4437: 4011: 3960:libunihan.sourceforge.net 3819:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3740:"Chapter 1: Introduction" 3658:"Han Unification History" 3230: 3217: 3204: 3191: 3171: 3145: 3127: 3112: 3099: 3077: 3064: 3042: 3029: 3009: 2961: 2948: 2926: 2913: 2891: 2878: 2856: 2843: 2823: 2810: 2797: 2779: 2766: 2753: 2740: 2722: 2709: 2696: 2683: 2661: 2648: 2591: 2567:(U+5167), the variant of 2553: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2478: 2451: 2421: 2412: 2405: 2398: 2392: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2346: 2340: 2334: 2328: 2322: 1513: 1475: 1446: 1389: 1383: 1365: 1359: 1306: 1300: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1238: 1232: 1223: 1211: 1193: 1174: 1162: 1156: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1080:to accept a request from 647: 625: 619: 613: 464:Rationale and controversy 8065:Variable-length encoding 7846:Miscellaneous code pages 6604:Extended Unix Code / EUC 6295:-15 (New Western Europe) 6091:Early telecommunications 6038:Category: Unicode blocks 4843:Compatibility characters 3923:ccjktype.fonts.adobe.com 3775:"Early Years of Unicode" 3719:"IVD/IVSとは - 文字情報基盤整備事業" 3589:"Unihan Database Lookup" 3490: 2476:The case of the radical 832:CJK Joint Research Group 805:is not unified with the 8130:Chinese character lists 7992:C0 and C1 control codes 4763:Comparison of encodings 4689:Halfwidth and fullwidth 4544:Universal Character Set 4120:CJK Compatibility Forms 4088:CJK Radicals Supplement 3382:CJK Compatibility Forms 3347:CJK Radicals Supplement 2291: 2288: 2285: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2011: 2008: 2005: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1535: 1532: 1529: 663:Graphemes versus glyphs 648:未来の文字コード体系に私達は不安をもっています 358:Universal Character Set 25:Unihan (disambiguation) 6240:-3 (Maltese/Esperanto) 6191:World System Teletext 5688:Inscriptional Parthian 5375:Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong 5037:and symbols in Unicode 4654:CJK Unified Ideographs 4048:CJK Unified Ideographs 3276:CJK Unified Ideographs 3267:CJK Unified Ideographs 3252:Variant form (Unicode) 2129:one who does/-ist/-er 1248:compatibility variants 1024:), and libraries (IBM 708: 682: 610: 598:CJK Unified Ideographs 330:This article contains 324: 23:. For other uses, see 8105:Encodings of Japanese 8014:Whitespace characters 7691:Ventura International 5824:Old Persian cuneiform 5683:Inscriptional Pahlavi 5578:Ancient North Arabian 5573:Anatolian hieroglyphs 4863:Precomposed character 4699:Whitespace characters 4628:Zero-width non-joiner 3777:. Unicode Consortium. 3763:. Unicode Consortium. 3746:. Unicode Consortium. 3664:. Unicode Consortium. 3631:. Unicode Consortium. 3613:. Unicode Consortium. 3595:. Unicode Consortium. 3574:. Unicode Consortium. 3438:Unihan database files 1028:(ICU) along with the 692: 677:The Latin lowercase " 676: 605: 315: 7409:Norwegian and Danish 5643:Egyptian hieroglyphs 4848:Duplicate characters 4664:Duplicate characters 3744:The Unicode Standard 3662:The Unicode Standard 3629:The Unicode Standard 3611:The Unicode Standard 3593:The Unicode Standard 3572:The Unicode Standard 1065:compulsory education 736:COMBINING RING ABOVE 721:LATIN SMALL LETTER A 492:improve this article 95:improve this article 7969:Unified Hangul Code 7641:PostScript Standard 7364:Multinational (MCS) 6235:-2 (Central Europe) 6230:-1 (Western Europe) 6084:Character encodings 5708:Khitan small script 5145:Canadian Aboriginal 4880:Variation sequences 4838:Combining character 4748:Variation sequences 4659:Combining character 3861:大下英治『孫正義起業の若き獅子』（ 3723:mojikiban.ipa.go.jp 1197:(U+4E80) considers 931:CCCII character set 783:variation selectors 764:combining diaeresis 8125:Character encoding 8050:Hardware code page 7810:typesetting system 7646:PostScript Latin 1 7302:Cyrillic + Finnish 7209:Windows code pages 7091:IBM AIX code pages 6419:National standards 6350:Ukrainian Cyrillic 5948:Notational scripts 5899:Tagalog (Baybayin) 5608:Caucasian Albanian 4931:numeric references 4906:Domain names (IDN) 4726:Bidirectional text 4603:Right-to-left mark 4599:Left-to-right mark 4554:Character property 4504:Unicode Consortium 4447:As of version 16.0 3551:Unicode Consortium 3505:Unicode Consortium 966:and its successor 746:'s unification of 683: 332:special characters 325: 247:possibly contains 21:Chu–Han Contention 8087: 8086: 8040:Charset detection 7979:Control character 7661:Sharp calculators 7532:Casio calculators 7460:Platform specific 7312:Cyrillic + German 7307:Cyrillic + French 6725:Maltese/Esperanto 6361:Bibliographic use 6245:-4 (North Europe) 6177:T.51/ISO/IEC 6937 6135:Baudot and Murray 6050: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6027:Category: Unicode 5064:Punctuation marks 5046:inherited scripts 4952:Related standards 4926:entity references 4824: 4823: 4707: 4706: 4623:Zero-width joiner 4456: 4455: 4432: 4431: 4237:2F800–2FA1F 4235:1F200–1F2FF 4215:2EBF0–2EE5F 4213:31350–323AF 4211:30000–3134F 4209:2CEB0–2EBEF 4207:2B820–2CEAF 4205:2B740–2B81F 4203:2A700–2B73F 4201:20000–2A6DF 4112:CJK Compatibility 3706:Unicode Revisited 3485:List of CJK fonts 3447:fifth normal form 3376:CJK Compatibility 3243: 3242: 3239: 3213: 3200: 3187: 3167: 3154: 3141: 3123: 3108: 3095: 3073: 3060: 3038: 3025: 3018:meditation (Zen) 3005: 2992: 2979: 2957: 2944: 2922: 2909: 2887: 2874: 2852: 2839: 2819: 2806: 2793: 2775: 2762: 2749: 2736: 2718: 2705: 2692: 2679: 2657: 2644: 2301: 2300: 1905:secondary/follow 1765:transform/change 1417:and two types of 1059:In March 1989, a 979:Microsoft Windows 926:CNS character set 583: 582: 575: 524: 523: 516: 368:of the so-called 338:rendering support 310: 309: 302: 292: 291: 284: 249:original research 230: 229: 222: 171: 170: 163: 145: 110:"Han unification" 68: 8137: 8079: 8078: 7571:DG International 7446:Special Graphics 7247:Extended Latin-8 6645:Central European 6635:Barents Cyrillic 6340:Barents Cyrillic 6310:-12 (Devanagari) 6306:Abandoned parts 6077: 6070: 6063: 6054: 6053: 6035: 6034: 6024: 6023: 5986:Control Pictures 5939:Zanabazar Square 5678:Imperial Aramaic 5561:historic scripts 5030: 5029: 4890:Emoji skin color 4716: 4715: 4633:Zero-width space 4577: 4576: 4564:Private Use Area 4549:Character charts 4483: 4476: 4469: 4460: 4459: 4445: 4390:Katakana, Common 4014: 4013: 3994: 3987: 3980: 3971: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3941:www.ogcio.gov.hk 3933: 3927: 3926: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3879: 3870: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3849:LinuxInsider.com 3840: 3834: 3833:小林紀興『松下電器の果し状』1章 3831: 3825: 3824: 3818: 3810: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3757: 3748: 3747: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3585: 3576: 3575: 3564: 3555: 3554: 3543: 3526: 3522: 3516: 3501: 3231: 3220: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3206: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3185: 3174: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3106: 3102: 3101: 3093: 3080: 3079: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3058: 3045: 3044: 3036: 3032: 3031: 3023: 3012: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2977: 2964: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2942: 2929: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2907: 2894: 2893: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2872: 2859: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2837: 2826: 2825: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2791: 2782: 2781: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2734: 2725: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2677: 2664: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2650: 2642: 2622: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2555: 2549: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2524: 2511: 2510: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2481: 2480: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2465: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2423: 2415: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2394: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2358: 2357: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2342: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2312: 2294: 2266: 2238: 2210: 2182: 2154: 2126: 2098: 2070: 2042: 2014: 1989:direct/straight 1986: 1958: 1930: 1902: 1874: 1846: 1818: 1790: 1762: 1734: 1706: 1678: 1650: 1622: 1594: 1566: 1538: 1518: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1444: 1443: 1408: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1349: 1348: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1302: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1254: 1241: 1240: 1235: 1234: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1146: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1107: 911: 910: 905: 904: 868: 867: 862: 861: 856: 855: 850: 849: 737: 734: 733: 729: 727: 722: 719: 716: 714: 706: 650: 649: 629: 623: 617: 578: 571: 567: 564: 558: 534: 533: 526: 519: 512: 508: 505: 499: 476: 468: 459: 458: 451:(U+500B) versus 450: 449: 360:to map multiple 305: 298: 287: 280: 276: 273: 267: 264:inline citations 240: 239: 232: 225: 218: 214: 211: 205: 181: 180: 173: 166: 159: 155: 152: 146: 144: 103: 79: 71: 60: 38: 37: 30: 8145: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8134: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8069: 8045:Han unification 8018: 7973: 7841: 7802: 7720: 7542:Compucolor 8001 7455: 7451:Technical (TCS) 7374:French Canadian 7345: 7321: 7317:Polytonic Greek 7203: 7085: 6769: 6755:Turkic Cyrillic 6670:Font X (Kermit) 6665:Farsi (Persian) 6617: 6608: 6580: 6414: 6356: 6226:Approved parts 6213: 6086: 6081: 6051: 6042: 6012: 5996:List by subject 5969:Symbols, emojis 5964: 5943: 5859:Psalter Pahlavi 5560: 5554: 5415:Pracalit (Newa) 5230:Hanifi Rohingya 5078: 5054:Combining marks 5045: 5038: 5024: 5020:Han unification 4983: 4947: 4894: 4830: 4820: 4757: 4703: 4637: 4581:Special purpose 4568: 4518: 4492: 4487: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4442: 4433: 4422: 4417: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4383: 4381: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4233:FE30–FE4F 4232: 4231:F900–FAFF 4230: 4229:3300–33FF 4228: 4227:3200–32FF 4226: 4225:31C0–31EF 4224: 4223:3000–303F 4222: 4221:2FF0–2FFF 4220: 4219:2F00–2FDF 4218: 4217:2E80–2EFF 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4199:3400–4DBF 4198: 4197:4E00–9FFF 4192: 4190: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4143: 4141: 4132: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4092:Kangxi Radicals 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4034:Han unification 4007: 3998: 3968: 3967: 3954:Chen, Ding-Yi. 3952: 3948: 3935: 3934: 3930: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3905:www.unicode.org 3899: 3898: 3894: 3887:www.unicode.org 3881: 3880: 3873: 3860: 3856: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3812: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3792: 3786: 3782: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3759: 3758: 3751: 3738: 3737: 3730: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3691: 3689: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3640: 3636: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3587: 3586: 3579: 3566: 3565: 3558: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3529: 3523: 3519: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3463: 3440: 3431: 3425: 3412:Kangxi Radicals 3269: 3263: 3254: 3248: 3221: 3214: 3208: 3201: 3195: 3188: 3175: 3168: 3162: 3155: 3149: 3142: 3131: 3124: 3116: 3109: 3103: 3096: 3081: 3074: 3068: 3061: 3046: 3039: 3033: 3026: 3013: 3006: 3000: 2993: 2987: 2980: 2965: 2958: 2952: 2945: 2930: 2923: 2917: 2910: 2895: 2888: 2882: 2875: 2860: 2853: 2847: 2840: 2827: 2820: 2814: 2807: 2801: 2794: 2783: 2776: 2770: 2763: 2757: 2750: 2744: 2737: 2726: 2719: 2713: 2706: 2700: 2693: 2687: 2680: 2665: 2658: 2652: 2645: 2558: 2547: 2544: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1481: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1451: 1406: 1403: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1091: 959:Big5 extensions 919: 864: 858: 852: 846: 814:Cyrillic letter 791: 735: 731: 730: 725: 724: 720: 717: 712: 711: 707: 702: 671: 665: 579: 568: 562: 559: 545:Please help by 544: 535: 531: 520: 509: 503: 500: 489: 477: 466: 350:Han unification 347: 346: 345: 336:Without proper 322:Source Han Sans 306: 295: 294: 293: 288: 277: 271: 268: 253: 241: 237: 226: 215: 209: 206: 192:Please help by 191: 182: 178: 167: 156: 150: 147: 104: 102: 92: 80: 39: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8143: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8085: 8084: 8081:Character sets 8074: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8026: 8024: 8023:Related topics 8020: 8019: 8017: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7989: 7987:Morse prosigns 7983: 7981: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7939: 7938: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7900: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7871: 7870: 7860: 7855: 7849: 7847: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7813: 7811: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7734: 7732: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7681:TI calculators 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7463: 7461: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7389:United Kingdom 7386: 7381: 7376: 7366: 7360: 7358: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7332: 7330: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7224: 7219: 7213: 7211: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6777: 6775: 6774:DOS code pages 6771: 6770: 6768: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6720:Latin (Kermit) 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6621: 6619: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6329: 6328: 6327: 6322: 6320:KOI-8 Cyrillic 6314: 6313: 6312: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6300:-16 (Romanian) 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6223: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6161: 6156: 6155: 6154: 6144: 6139: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6105: 6098:Telegraph code 6094: 6092: 6088: 6087: 6080: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6057: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6029: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5999: 5998: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5450:Sorang Sompeng 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5340:Miao (Pollard) 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5086: 5084: 5083:Modern scripts 5080: 5079: 5077: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5050: 5048: 5040: 5039: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4991: 4989: 4988:Related topics 4985: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4946: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4834: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4767: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4728: 4722: 4720: 4713: 4709: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4596: 4591: 4585: 4583: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4528: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4486: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4463: 4454: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4446: 4439: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4405: 4341: 4339: 4329:12 are unified 4291: 4289: 4243: 4241: 4195: 4193: 4135: 4133: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4020: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4001:CJK ideographs 3997: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3974: 3966: 3965: 3946: 3928: 3910: 3892: 3871: 3854: 3835: 3826: 3798: 3780: 3766: 3749: 3728: 3710: 3698: 3667: 3649: 3634: 3616: 3598: 3577: 3556: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3517: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3487: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3462: 3459: 3439: 3436: 3427:Main article: 3424: 3421: 3416: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3369: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3340: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3265:Main article: 3262: 3261:Unicode ranges 3259: 3250:Main article: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3228: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3215: 3209: 3202: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3169: 3163: 3156: 3150: 3143: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3125: 3119: 3117: 3110: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3075: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3040: 3034: 3027: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3007: 3001: 2994: 2988: 2981: 2974: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2959: 2953: 2946: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2924: 2918: 2911: 2904: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2889: 2883: 2876: 2869: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2854: 2848: 2841: 2834: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2821: 2815: 2808: 2802: 2795: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2777: 2771: 2764: 2758: 2751: 2745: 2738: 2731: 2730: 2727: 2720: 2714: 2707: 2701: 2694: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2659: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2634:Other variant 2632: 2629: 2626: 2543: 2540: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2241:way/path/road 2239: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1990: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1877:arrive/resist 1875: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1847: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1569:cause/command 1567: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1510: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1458: 1457:(traditional) 1453: 1448: 1402: 1399: 1209:does not list 1090: 1087: 971: 970: 961: 956: 946: 945: 938: 933: 928: 918: 915: 790: 787: 723:combined with 700: 688:section 3.4 D7 667:Main article: 664: 661: 581: 580: 538: 536: 529: 522: 521: 480: 478: 471: 465: 462: 366:Han characters 362:character sets 340:, you may see 328: 327: 326: 308: 307: 290: 289: 244: 242: 235: 228: 227: 185: 183: 176: 169: 168: 83: 81: 74: 69: 43: 42: 40: 33: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8142: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8082: 8072: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7869: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7844: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7805: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7730:ISO/IEC 10646 7727: 7723: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7547:Compucolor II 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7502:Acorn RISC OS 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7431:8-bit Turkish 7429: 7427: 7424: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7206: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6611: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6599:ISO/IEC 10367 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6370: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6250:-5 (Cyrillic) 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6210: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6100: 6099: 6096: 6095: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6078: 6073: 6071: 6066: 6064: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6039: 6030: 6028: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5919:Tulu Tigalari 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5894:Sylheti Nagri 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5884:South Arabian 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5809:Old Hungarian 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5330:Mende Kikakui 5328: 5326: 5325:Masaram Gondi 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5310:Lisu (Fraser) 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5210:Gunjala Gondi 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5027: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4897: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4827: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4736:ISO/IEC 14651 4734: 4733: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4521: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4472: 4470: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4427: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4387: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4345: 4340: 4337: 4295: 4290: 4287: 4242: 4239: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4160: 4147: 4140: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3995: 3990: 3988: 3983: 3981: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3876: 3868: 3867:4-06-208718-9 3864: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3830: 3822: 3816: 3808: 3802: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3770: 3762: 3756: 3754: 3745: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3688:on 2013-12-16 3687: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3645: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3561: 3553:. 2023-09-01. 3552: 3548: 3542: 3538: 3521: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3496: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3435: 3430: 3420: 3413: 3410: 3408:(1F200–1F2FF) 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3396:(2F800–2FA1F) 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3332:(2EBF0–2EE5F) 3331: 3328: 3326:(31350–323AF) 3325: 3322: 3320:(30000–3134F) 3319: 3316: 3314:(2CEB0–2EBEF) 3313: 3310: 3308:(2B820–2CEAF) 3307: 3304: 3302:(2B740–2B81F) 3301: 3298: 3296:(2A700–2B73F) 3295: 3292: 3290:(20000–2A6DF) 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3272: 3268: 3258: 3253: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3223: 3210: 3197: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3177: 3164: 3151: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3120: 3118: 3105: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3070: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3035: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3015: 3002: 2989: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2954: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2919: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2884: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2849: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2829: 2816: 2803: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2772: 2759: 2746: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2715: 2702: 2689: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2654: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2588: 2539: 2517: 2513: 2474: 2467:(U+7D05) and 2443:(U+7D05) and 2417: 2388: 2384: 2351: 2314:(U+5167) and 2305: 2296: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2105: 2104: 2100: 2077: 2076: 2072: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2021: 2020: 2016: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1909: 1908: 1904: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1601: 1600: 1597:exempt/spare 1596: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1479: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1462:(traditional, 1459: 1454: 1452:(simplified) 1449: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1398: 1394: 1387:(U+76F4) and 1375:(U+4FA3) and 1355: 1351: 1332:(U+5104) and 1311: 1296: 1280:ANGSTROM SIGN 1249: 1245: 1236:(U+FA23) and 1228: 1227:was written. 1185:(U+500B) and 1148:(U+4E1F) and 1140: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1101: 1097: 1086: 1083: 1082:Masayoshi Son 1079: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1056:) and so on. 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 984: 980: 976: 969: 965: 962: 960: 957: 954: 951: 950: 949: 944: 943: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 923: 922: 914: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 870: 844: 840: 835: 833: 828: 824: 820: 818: 815: 811: 808: 804: 801: 795: 786: 784: 779: 775: 773: 769: 765: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 705: 699: 697: 691: 689: 680: 675: 670: 660: 658: 654: 644: 641:In 1993, the 639: 637: 631: 628: 622: 616: 609: 604: 601: 599: 595: 590: 588: 577: 574: 566: 563:November 2020 556: 552: 548: 542: 539:This section 537: 528: 527: 518: 515: 507: 497: 493: 487: 486: 481:This section 479: 475: 470: 469: 461: 454: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 343: 339: 335: 333: 323: 319: 314: 304: 301: 286: 283: 275: 272:February 2024 265: 261: 257: 251: 250: 245:This article 243: 234: 233: 224: 221: 213: 210:December 2020 203: 199: 195: 189: 186:This article 184: 175: 174: 165: 162: 154: 151:February 2010 143: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: – 111: 107: 106:Find sources: 100: 96: 90: 89: 84:This article 82: 78: 73: 72: 67: 65: 58: 57: 52: 51: 46: 41: 32: 31: 26: 22: 8044: 7997:ISO/IEC 6429 7954:Stanford/ITS 7941: 7875:ARIB STD-B24 7656:Sega SC-3000 7557:DEC RADIX 50 6594:ISO/IEC 8859 6586:ISO/IEC 2022 6331:Adaptations 6290:-14 (Celtic) 6285:-13 (Baltic) 6275:-10 (Nordic) 6270:-9 (Turkish) 6219:ISO/IEC 8859 5774:Meetei Mayek 5725:(Chorasmian) 5628:Cypro-Minoan 5405:Pahawh Hmong 5220:Gurung Khema 5019: 4969:ISO/IEC 8859 4811:UTF-32/UCS-4 4806:UTF-16/UCS-2 4613:Variant form 4443: 4342: 4292: 4244: 4196: 4136: 4046: 4033: 3959: 3949: 3940: 3931: 3922: 3913: 3904: 3895: 3886: 3869:）pp. 285-294 3857: 3848: 3838: 3829: 3801: 3790:"Unicode 88" 3783: 3769: 3743: 3722: 3713: 3701: 3690:. Retrieved 3686:the original 3679: 3670: 3661: 3652: 3637: 3628: 3619: 3610: 3601: 3592: 3571: 3568:"Unihan.zip" 3541: 3520: 3511:and Chinese 3499: 3473:Sinicization 3444: 3441: 3432: 3417: 3370: 3341: 3270: 3255: 3232: 3226:to research 2628:Traditional 2545: 2518: 2514: 2475: 2419:The radical 2418: 2389: 2385: 2352: 2344:(U+5165) or 2332:(U+5165) or 2308:variants of 2306: 2302: 1404: 1395: 1356: 1352: 1312: 1297: 1229: 1141: 1133: 1129: 1103:versions of 1092: 1058: 972: 953:ISO/IEC 2022 947: 941: 920: 917:Alternatives 875: 871: 836: 829: 825: 821: 807:Greek letter 800:Latin letter 796: 792: 780: 776: 760: 709: 695: 693: 690:) cautions: 684: 640: 632: 611: 606: 602: 591: 584: 569: 560: 547:spinning off 540: 510: 501: 490:Please help 485:verification 482: 437: 432: 429:orthographic 410: 349: 348: 329: 296: 278: 269: 246: 216: 207: 194:spinning off 187: 157: 148: 138: 131: 124: 117: 105: 93:Please help 88:verification 85: 61: 54: 48: 47:Please help 44: 7716:ZX Spectrum 7671:Sinclair QL 7507:Amstrad CPC 7426:8-bit Greek 7353:terminals ( 7066:Iran System 6618:("scripts") 6265:-8 (Hebrew) 6255:-6 (Arabic) 6152:ISO/IEC 646 5960:SignWriting 5829:Old Sogdian 5799:Nandinagari 5723:Khwarezmian 5633:Dives Akuru 5559:Ancient and 5545:Warang Citi 5410:Pau Cin Hau 5365:New Tai Lue 5360:Nag Mundari 5335:Medefaidrin 5044:Common and 4853:Equivalence 4831:code points 4829:On pairs of 4743:Equivalence 4618:Word joiner 4608:Soft hyphen 4524:Code points 4335:Not unified 4333:Not unified 4331:Not unified 4327:Not unified 4325:Not unified 4323:Not unified 4321:Not unified 4319:Not unified 4317:Not unified 4315:Not unified 4104:CJK Strokes 4027:Chart range 3455:MIT License 3414:(2F00–2FDF) 3402:(3200–32FF) 3390:(F900–FAFF) 3384:(FE30–FE4F) 3378:(3300–33FF) 3367:(2FF0–2FFF) 3361:(3000–303F) 3355:(31C0–31EF) 3353:CJK Strokes 3349:(2E80–2EFF) 3284:(3400–4DBF) 2832:give birth 2625:Simplified 1737:knife edge 1473:Vietnamese 1464:Hong Kong) 1447:Code point 1419:traditional 1010:Common Lisp 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