310:"Immediately, on signing and exchanging copies of the treaty, Commodore Perry presented the first commissioner, Prince Hayashi, with an American flag stating that this gift was the highest expression of national courtesy and friendship he could offer. The prince was deeply moved, and expressed his gratitude with evident feeling. The commodore next presented the other commissioners with gifts he had especially reserved for them. All business now having been concluded to the satisfaction of both delegations, the Japanese commissioners invited Perry and his officers to enjoy a feast and entertainment especially prepared for the celebration." --
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forth between Tokyo and Kyoto during the next decade. There is no small irony in the fact that this 19th-century scholar/bureaucrat would find himself at a crucial nexus of managing political changeâmoving arguably "by the book" through uncharted waters with well-settled theories as the only guide.
335:
Significantly, this would have been the first time the emperor's counsel was actively sought since the establishment of the
Tokugawa shogunate. The most easily identified consequence of this transitional overture would be the increased numbers of messengers which were constantly streaming back and
209:
at the beginning of its existence. His philosophy is also important in that it encouraged the samurai class to cultivate themselves, a trend which would become increasingly widespread over the course of his lifetime and beyond. One of Razan's aphorism encapsulates this view:
277:. The work was created under orders from the shogunate to compile and edit documents pertaining to East Asian trade and diplomacy; and, for example, it includes a detailed description of a Ryukyuan tribute embassy to the
345:(October 1858): Akira is dispatched from Edo to Kyoto to explain the terms of the treaty to Emperor KÅmei, who ultimately acquiesced in February 1859 when he came to understand that there was no alternative to acceptance.
204:
equating samurai with the cultured governing class (although the samurai were largely illiterate at the beginning of the
Tokugawa shogunate). The Hayashi helped to legitimize the role of the militaristic
479:
Narrative of the
Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan Performed in the Years 1852, 1853 and 1854 under the Command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy,
598:
Narrative of the
Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan Performed in the Years 1852, 1853 and 1854 under the Command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States Navy,
253:
Landing of
Commodore Perry, officers & men of the squadron, to meet the Imperial commissioners at Yokohama (Kanagawa) July 14, 1853. Lithograph by Sarony & Co., 1855, after
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personal advisers to the shÅgun's prominent figures in the educational training system for the shogunal bureaucrats. The progenitor of this lineage of scholars was
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723:
677:
738:
226:
The
Hayashi played a prominent role is helping to maintain the theoretical underpinnings of the Tokugawa regime; and Hayashi
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189:, who lived to witness his philosophical and pragmatic reasoning become a foundation for the dominant ideology of the
665:
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Text of demurral to Pres. Filmore's initial letter of 1853; Commodore Perry's rejoinder (March 10, 1854)
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733:
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The Heart of the
Warrior: Origins and Religious Background of the Samurai in Feudal Japan.
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of the academy in 1853; and his initial foray into diplomacy followed soon after.
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Washington: A.O.P. Nicholson by order of
Congress, 1856; originally published in
568:
554:
143:
138:
365:
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Hayashi Akira, who was known to the
Americans as "Prince Commissioner Hayashi".
633:
Visions of Ryukyu: Identity and
Ideology in Early-Modern Thought and Politics.
437:
Visions of Ryukyu: Identity and Ideology in Early-Modern Thought and Politics,
717:
649:
254:
186:
148:
27:
278:
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123:
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151:, the first head of the Tokugawa shogunate's neo-Confucian academy in
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Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779â1822.
385:
Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779â1822,
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218:"No true learning without arms and no true arms without learning."
619:
The Logbook of the Captain's Clerk: Adventures in the China Seas,
462:
The Logbook of the Capatin's Clerk: Adventures in the China Seas,
327:): Akira headed the shogunal delegation which sought advice from
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36:
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Neo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer, diplomat
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570:
A History of Japan, 1582â1941: Internal and External Worlds.
466:
A History of Japan, 1582â1941: Internal and External Worlds,
424:
A History of Japan, 1582â1941: Internal and External Worlds,
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in deciding how to deal with newly assertive foreign powers.
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This evolution developed in part from the official Hayashi
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in a variety of roles similar to those performed by serial
291:, 10th day of the 2nd month): Commodore Perry returned to
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540:
Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853â1868.
411:
Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853-1868,
361:https://reasonator.toolforge.org/?&q=122618125
715:
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527:Flags mark the entrance to the reconstructed
312:from American eyewitness account of the event
477:Sewall, p. lxxiii; Hawks, Francis. (1856).
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604:, No. 34 of 33rd Congress, 2nd Session.
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181:of Confucian scholars, each of whom were
621:Bangor, Maine: Chas H. Glass & Co.
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299:; and the chief Japanese negotiator was
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230:Akira was the 11th hereditary rector of
116:, February 10, 1800 â October 12, 1859)
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325:Ansei 4, 28th day of the 12th month
295:to force Japanese agreement to the
195:until the end of the 19th century.
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724:Japanese writers of the Edo period
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765:
671:
614:Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society.
612:Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794-1869.
492:Kyoto: the Old Capital, 794â1869,
490:Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956).
696:Rector of the Shogunate College
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464:p.lxiv; Cullen, Louis. (2003).
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549:Blomberg, Catherina. (1994).
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396:Blomberg, Catherina. (1999).
126:scholar-diplomat serving the
59:Hayashi Akira, 9th rector of
739:Advisors to Tokugawa shoguns
538:Beasley, William G. (1955).
409:Beasley, William G. (1955).
100:Japanese history, literature
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637:University of Hawaii Press
602:Senate Executive Documents
575:Cambridge University Press
242:Akira assumed his role as
177:Akira was a member of the
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398:The Heart of the Warrior,
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16:Japanese scholar-diplomat
631:Smits, Gregory. (1999).
617:Sewall, John S. (1905).
596:Hawks, Francis. (1856).
435:Smits, Gregory. (1999).
383:Screech, Timon. (2006).
371:
141:. He was the hereditary
610:, Richard A.B. (1956).
544:Oxford University Press
21:Akira Hayashi (swimmer)
754:Japanese Confucianists
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460:Sewall, John. (1905).
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744:Confucianism in Japan
567:Cullen, L.M. (2003).
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422:Cullen, L.M. (2003).
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19:For the swimmer, see
503:Cullen, pp. 173â185
481:Vol.I, pp. 377-380.
451:Cullen, p. 178 n11.
271:): Akira completed
749:Japanese diplomats
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297:Treaty of Kanagawa
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137:since the time of
128:Tokugawa shogunate
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703:Succeeded by
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281:court in Beijing.
135:neo-Confucianists
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175:Daigaku-no-kami
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144:Daigaku-no-kami
139:Tokugawa Ieyasu
120:Hayashi Fukusai
118:(also known as
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734:1859 deaths
729:1800 births
573:Cambridge:
468:p. 178 n11.
169:Academician
718:Categories
700:18??â18??
635:Honolulu:
519:References
124:Edo period
89:Occupation
157:ShÅhei-kÅ
122:) was an
656:London:
585:(cloth)
553:London:
542:London:
533:(Tokyo).
350:See also
238:Diplomat
173:Hayashi
26:In this
650:Screech
593:(paper)
494:p. 324.
426:p. 163.
413:p. 332.
400:p. 158.
342:Ansei 4
293:Edo Bay
97:Subject
37:Hayashi
32:surname
664:
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439:p. 37.
387:p. 65.
289:Kaei 7
244:rector
207:bakufu
201:schema
192:bakufu
183:ad hoc
155:, the
30:, the
372:Notes
662:ISBN
641:ISBN
623:ISBN
587:ISBN
579:ISBN
559:ISBN
279:Qing
267:Kaei
262:1853
82:1859
79:Died
74:1800
71:Born
165:).
153:Edo
113:æ é
84:Edo
34:is
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