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imitate his innovations. But his decision to invest heavily in exhibition also alienated certain members of the scientific community and angered curators hoping to spend more time on their own research. Additionally, his efforts to imbue the museum's exhibits and educational programs with his own racist and eugenist beliefs disturbed many of his contemporaries and have marred his legacy.
683:
While believing in common ancestry between man and ape, Osborn denied that this ancestor was ape-like. The common ancestor between man and ape Osborn always maintained was more human than ape. Writing to Arthur Keith in 1927, he remarked "when our
Oligocene ancestor is found it will not be an ape,
621:
invested new energy in display, and the museum became one of the pre-eminent sites for exhibition in the early twentieth century as a result. The murals, habitat dioramas, and dinosaur mounts executed during his tenure at the museum attracted millions of visitors, and inspired other museums to
732:
play no creative role in evolution and that aristogenesis was the origin of new novelty. Osborn equated this struggle for evolutionary advancement with the striving for spiritual salvation, thereby combining his biological and spiritual viewpoints.
616:
described Osborn as "a first-rate science administrator and a third-rate scientist." Indeed, Osborn's greatest contributions to science ultimately lay in his efforts to popularize it through visual means. At his urging, staff members at the
846:, which his father had purchased in 1859, and where he concentrated on his philanthropy after his 1882 retirement. After his mother's death in 1902, the remainder of his parents' estate was equally divided between Henry and his brother
513:
brains by cutting open fossilized braincases with a diamond saw. (Modern researchers use computed tomography scans and 3D reconstruction software to visualize the interior of dinosaur endocrania without damaging valuable specimens.)
1480:. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008) and Victoria Cain, "The Direct Medium of the Vision": Visual Education, Virtual Witnessing and the Prehistoric Past at the American Museum of Natural History, 1890–1923."
1057:"DR. HENRY F. OSBORN DIES IN HIS STUDY; Retired Head of the Museum of Natural History, Eminent as Paleontologist, Was 78. A DEFENDER OF EVOLUTION Authority on Prehistoric Life, Author and Explorer, Was Foe of Fundamentalists"
1175:"William C. Osborn, Civic Leader, Dead; Ex-President of Metropolitan Museum of Art Also Headed Children's Aid Society LAWYER HERE FOR 61 YEARS Was a Founder of the Citizens Budget Commission in 1932 – Served With Railroads"
723:
for his theory. His aristogenesis was based on a "physicochemical approach" to evolution. He believed that aristogenes operate as biomechanisms in the geneplasm of the organism. He also held the view that
679:
We have all borne with the ape and monkey and ape hypothesis long enough are we are glad to welcome this new idea of the aristocracy of man back to a even remote period than the beginning of the stone age.
1329:
745:
in 1922, advocated a view not uncommon in circles of the upper classes at that time, that heredity is superior to influences from the environment. As an extension of this, he accepted that distinct
853:
Following an "illness of nearly a year", his wife died at their country home in August 1930. Osborn died suddenly on
November 6, 1935, in his study at Castle Rock, overlooking the Hudson River.
775:. Hitler called the book 'his bible' for it advocated a rigid system of selection through the elimination of those who, according to the writer's opinion, are to be seen as 'weak' or 'unfit'.
2282:
301:
2272:
2262:
1618:
1809:"Fairfield Osborn, the Zoo's No. 1 Showman, Dies. Leading Conservationist, 82,I i Headed Zoological Society Master Salesman in Behalf of His Animals, Birds and Fish"
382:. Two years later, Osborn took a special course of study in anatomy in the College of Physicians and Surgeons and Bellevue Medical School of New York under Dr.
2317:
1493:"Recent Discoveries Relating to the Origin and Antiquity of Man", Henry Fairfield Osborn, Science, New Series, Vol. 65, No. 1690, May 20, 1927, pp. 481–488.
1459:
Victoria Cain, "The Art of
Authority: Exhibits, Exhibit Makers and the Contest for Scientific Status at the American Museum of Natural History, 1920–1940."
2292:
1276:"Henry Fairfield Osborn (1857–1935)", Hervey W. Shimer, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 72, No. 10, May 1938, pp. 377–379.
2302:
1024:
2307:
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2267:
1511:"The Hunt for the Dawn Monkey: Unearthing the Origins of Monkeys, Apes, and Humans", Christopher Beard, University of California Press, 2006.
1379:
742:
289:
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1695:
635:
Osborn developed his own evolutionary theory of human origins called the "Dawn Man Theory". His theory was founded on the discovery of
601:
2232:
2327:
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misinterpreted Osborn, greatly frustrating him, and believed he was asserting humankind had never evolved from a lower life form.
771:, writing both the second and fourth prefaces of the book, which argued for such views. The book was also largely influential on
533:
as the president of the AMNH's Board of
Trustees in 1908, serving until 1933, during which time he accumulated one of the finest
2070:
An Agenda for
Antiquity: Henry Fairfield Osborn and Vertebrate Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History, 1890–1935
659:
period which he believed developed entirely separately during the
Miocene (16 million years ago). Therefore, Osborn argued that
2170:
2131:
2105:
1928:
1906:
1775:
1651:
Stefan Kühl. 2002. Nazi
Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. Oxford University Press, p. 85
1592:
560:
547:
2257:
2252:
2114:
Robertson, Thomas, "Total War and the Total
Environment: Fairfield Osborn, William Vogt, and the Birth of Global Ecology,"
708:'s neo-Lamarckism, however he later abandoned this view. Osborn became a proponent of organic selection, also known as the
1755:
1665:"MRS. HENRY F. OSBORN, WRITER, DIES AT 72; Wife of Natural History Museum President, Was Author of a Washington Biography"
46:
1304:
2237:
1218:
618:
460:
438:
285:
232:
2034:
Larsson, H.C.E., 2001. Endocranial
Anatomy of Carcharodontosaurus saharicus. In D.H. Tanke & K. Carpenter (eds.),
2247:
2079:
812:
559:
in 1886. He accumulated a number of prizes for his work in paleontology. In 1901, Osborn was elected a Fellow of the
2146:
National
Academy of Sciences: Biographical Memoir of Henry Fairfield Osborn (1857–1935), by William K. Gregory, 1937
1235:"MRS. OSBORN DIES; PHILANTHROPIST, 81; Wife of Head of Metropolitan Museum of Art a Leader in Travelers Aid Society"
2312:
835:
788:
166:
2000:
Gregory, WK (1942). "Unveiling of the Bust of Henry Fairfield Osborn at the American Museum of Natural History".
1267:"After Twenty Years:The Record of the Class of 1877", Princeton University, 1877–1897, p. 72. Trenton, N. J. 189.
17:
1973:
Angell, JR (1942). "Unveiling of the Bust of Henry Fairfield Osborn at the American Museum of Natural History".
556:
495:, Osborn became its senior vertebrate paleontologist in 1924. He led many fossil-hunting expeditions into the
325:
2242:
999:
767:
317:
on August 8, 1857, in a family of distinction. He was the eldest son of shipping magnate and railroad tycoon
1840:
1919:
Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Antón, Mauricio (2010). "3. Diversity: Who is Who in the Dog Family".
1792:
1638:
1867:
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In June 1881, Osborn was married to writer Lucretia Thatcher Perry (1858–1930) at the military chapel on
541:
272:
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1808:
1723:
1664:
1234:
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824:
597:
356:
190:
33:
2094:
1724:"Wedding on Governor's Island.; Prof. Henry F. Osborn, of Princeton, United to Miss Lucretia T. Perry"
551:
Osborn (third from the right) with other officers of the paleontology section of the St Louis Congress
922:
816:
174:
820:
399:
2157:
2042:
Rainger, R (1980). "The Henry Fairfield Osborn Papers at the American Museum of Natural History".
1383:
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831:
518:
464:
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1354:
881:
314:
77:
1944:
968:
2277:
1210:
1122:
876:
847:
352:
799:
359:, and married philanthropist and social reformer Alice Clinton Hoadley Dodge, a daughter of
2227:
2222:
2044:
The Mendel Newsletter; Archival Resources for the History of Genetics & Allied Sciences
2007:
526:
492:
476:
403:
371:
360:
242:
109:
475:
As a curator, he assembled a remarkable team of fossil hunters and preparators, including
8:
1845:
1623:
863:
705:
480:
452:
414:
391:
379:
333:
2158:
Bibliography of the published writings of Henry Fairfield Osborn for the years 1877-1915
2011:
1619:"Liberal, progressive — and racist? The Sierra Club faces its white-supremacist history"
938:
906:
1875:
1868:"Left Money to Charities; Will of Mrs. Virginia R. Osborn Favors New York Institutions"
1816:
1731:
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522:
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337:
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2002:
1988:
1975:
1924:
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1214:
946:
729:
488:
336:
from Connecticut, and Mary Pemberton Cady, a direct descendant of prominent educator
318:
259:
2192:
2167:
2015:
1980:
1763:
1425:
1405:
1033:
843:
808:
613:
529:. Thanks to his considerable family wealth and personal connections, he succeeded
383:
375:
329:
56:
2124:
Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant
914:
328:, a prominent New York businessman and arts patron who was a direct descendant of
2174:
976:
930:
530:
182:
2179:
2145:
2019:
1984:
1502:"Man was Never an Ape", Popular Science, 1927, Aug 1927, Vol. 111, No. 2, p. 35.
1756:"Osborn, Henry Fairfield (1857–1935), paleontologist and science administrator"
815:
Alexander James Perry and Josephine (Adams) Perry, and a descendant of Justice
746:
709:
277:
1409:
1318:
Biographical Memoir of Henry Fairfield Osborn, 1857–1935 by William K. Gregory
1317:
908:
From the Greeks to Darwin: An Outline of the Development of the Evolution Idea
2216:
2139:
1791:
Homans, James E.; Linen, Herbert M., eds. (1922). "Osborn, Henry Fairfield".
762:
668:
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1443:
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2051:
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1992:
1038:
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463:, New York, where he served as the curator of a newly formed Department of
430:
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345:
341:
219:
2089:
2006:. Vol. 95, no. 2471 (published May 8, 1942). pp. 470–471.
1979:. Vol. 95, no. 2471 (published May 8, 1942). pp. 471–472.
1521:
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750:
300:
1474:
Primate Visions: Gender, Race and Nature in the World of Modern Science
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or "Dawn Man" Osborn maintained sprang from a common ancestor with the
443:
434:
387:
819:). Lucretia's sister, Josephine Adams Perry, was the wife of banker
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425:
378:
in geology and archaeology, where he was mentored by paleontologist
2201:
2197:
2096:
Henry Fairfield Osborn: Race, and the Search for the Origins of Man
1585:
Henry Fairfield Osborn: Race, and the Search for the Origins of Man
1429:
924:
Evolution of Mammalian Molar Teeth: To and From the Triangular Type
758:
725:
644:
500:
281:
1605:
Henry Fairfield Osborn: Race and the Search for the Origins of Man
1412:
Henry Fairfield Osborn: Race and the Search for the Origins of Man
688:
called Osborn's idiosyncratic view on man's origins as a form of "
1450:, (Figura Nova Series 25: Acta Universitatis Uppsaliensis, 1993).
978:
Man Rises to Parnassus: Critical Epochs in the Pre-History of Man
504:
456:
413:
from Princeton, becoming a lecturer in Biology and Professor of
1123:"National Historic Landmark Nomination: Jonathan Sturges House"
534:
1616:
986:
Aristogenesis, the Creative Principle in the Origin of Species
2283:
People associated with the American Museum of Natural History
888:
664:
113:
1901:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp.
1797:. New York: Press Association Compilers Inc. pp. 27–28.
1536:, Roger Lewin, University of Chicago Press, 1997, pp. 56–57.
612:
His legacy at the American Museum has proved more enduring.
672:
340:. His maternal aunt, Amelia Sturges, was the first wife of
823:. Thatcher Perry had five children with Osborn, including
761:
to preserve "good" racial stock. Due to this, he endorsed
2273:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
1947:
Men of the Old Stone Age: Their Environment, Life and Art
1476:. (New York: Routledge, 1989). Also see Constance Clark,
932:
Men of the Old Stone Age: Their Environment, Life and Art
671:) had evolved entirely parallel to the ancestors of man (
652:
117:
1897:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
1568:
Evolution on Rails Mechanisms and Levels of Orthogenesis
1572:
Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology 11/2006
830:
After his father's death in 1894, Osborn inherited his
2074:. Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press.
1696:"Mrs. Junius S. Morgan, 93, Banker, Collector's Widow"
32:
This articles is about the geologist; for his son see
1921:
Dogs: their fossil relatives and evolutionary history
1478:
God – or Gorilla: Images of Evolution in the Jazz Age
1279:
1121:
Ohno, Kate Mearns; Pitts, Carolyn (October 6, 1993).
647:. Writing before Piltdown was exposed as a hoax, the
607:
2263:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2046:. No. 18 (published June 1980). pp. 8–13.
1659:
1657:
1145:"The Grand Tour: Memorandum From J. Pierpont Morgan"
956:
The Age of Mammals in Europe, Asia and North America
684:
but it will be surprisingly pro-human". His student
276:(August 8, 1857 – November 6, 1935) was an American
1288:
749:existed with fixed hereditary traits, and held the
517:On November 23, 1897, he was elected member of the
2093:
2067:
1398:
521:, a wildlife conservation organization founded by
1688:
1654:
757:"race" to be highest. Osborn therefore supported
2214:
1918:
1617:Darryl Fears and Steven Mufson (July 22, 2020).
1520:"Human evolution: an illustrated introduction",
1227:
1025:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
667:, following the pre-Darwinian classification of
540:Additionally, Osborn served as president of the
459:; simultaneously, he accepted a position at the
417:from the same university between 1883 and 1890.
1442:On the American Museum's habitat dioramas, see
1205:Howat, John K.; Church, Frederic Edwin (2005).
1382:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
2318:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1562:
1560:
1085:
1083:
1051:
1049:
27:American geologist and eugenicist (1857–1935)
1574:. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. pp. 107–108.
1136:
2293:Recipients of the Cullum Geographical Medal
1832:
1790:
1716:
1204:
295:
1860:
1801:
1566:Levit, Georgy S; Olsson, Lennart. (2007).
1557:
1167:
1080:
1046:
916:Present Problems in Evolution and Heredity
321:and Virginia Reed (née Sturges) Osborn.
55:
2303:United States Geological Survey personnel
1768:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1301244
1444:http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/dioramas/
1305:"Archives of the Boone and Crockett Club"
1285:"Introduction," in Larsson (2001). p. 20.
1120:
1037:
2189:Works by or about Henry Fairfield Osborn
2142:was a friend and collaborator of Osborn)
1472:Donna Haraway, "Teddy Bear Patriarchy,"
1198:
1091:"The Obituary Record; William H. Osborn"
1017:
798:
782:
546:
424:
409:In 1880, Osborn obtained a doctorate in
299:
2163:Brief essay on Osborn's racial theories
2065:
2041:
1999:
1923:. New York: Columbia University Press.
1838:
1753:
1360:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1355:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter O"
144: 1881; died 1930)
14:
2215:
1972:
1610:
1404:
1372:
1142:
1114:
827:, the naturalist and conservationist.
643:) which was dated to the Late (Upper)
507:in 1877. Osborn conducted research on
284:advocate. He was the president of the
2121:
2088:
1794:The Cyclopaedia of American Biography
1294:"Abstract," in Larsson (2001). p. 19.
887:Also named in his honor is the early
704:Osborn was originally a supporter of
699:
561:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
441:expedition of 1897 with limb bone of
370:From 1873 to 1877, Osborn studied at
2308:Wildlife Conservation Society people
2298:Taxa named by Henry Fairfield Osborn
2268:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1347:
1263:
1261:
288:for 25 years and a cofounder of the
1841:"No Longer Able to Keep the Castle"
1020:"Henry Fairfield Osborn. 1857–1935"
970:Evolution And Religion In Education
313:Henry Fairfield Osborn was born in
24:
2288:People from Fairfield, Connecticut
2059:
1839:Bischof, Jackie (August 8, 2013).
1784:
1143:Cahoon, Herbert (April 22, 1979).
1011:
900:
630:
619:American Museum of Natural History
608:American Museum of Natural History
555:He was elected as a member to the
461:American Museum of Natural History
439:American Museum of Natural History
286:American Museum of Natural History
233:American Museum of Natural History
25:
2339:
2151:
1899:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
1258:
470:
355:, who served as president of the
2233:20th-century American scientists
2205:
1642:, by Madison Grant, pp. vii–xiii
1607:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002), xii.
940:The Origin and Evolution of Life
778:
258:
167:Hayden Memorial Geological Award
2328:Proponents of scientific racism
2198:Works by Henry Fairfield Osborn
2180:Works by Henry Fairfield Osborn
2126:. University of Vermont Press.
1937:
1912:
1891:
1747:
1645:
1631:
1597:
1577:
1548:
1539:
1527:
1524:, Wiley–Blackwell, 2005, p. 15.
1514:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1466:
1453:
1436:
1322:
1311:
1297:
1270:
596:In 1929 Osborn was awarded the
324:His maternal grandparents were
141:
1966:
1418:The American Historical Review
557:American Philosophical Society
13:
1:
1959:(22): 511–512. March 8, 1916.
1639:The Passing of the Great Race
1005:
768:The Passing of the Great Race
499:, starting with his first to
451:In 1891, Osborn was hired by
1380:"Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal"
880:, was named in his honor by
874:An African dwarf crocodile,
803:Osborn and his wife Lucretia
602:National Academy of Sciences
365:
7:
2258:Columbia University faculty
2253:American white supremacists
2204:(public domain audiobooks)
2122:Spiro, Jonathan P. (2009).
2020:10.1126/science.95.2471.470
1985:10.1126/science.95.2471.471
1760:American National Biography
993:
736:
625:
542:New York Zoological Society
537:collections in the world.
386:, and subsequently studied
269:Henry Fairfield Osborn, Sr.
10:
2344:
2173:September 7, 2009, at the
1949:by Henry Fairfield Osborn"
867:was named after Osborn by
856:
825:Henry Fairfield Osborn Jr.
811:. She was the daughter of
741:Osborn, who cofounded the
598:Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal
357:Metropolitan Museum of Art
348:soon after their wedding.
191:Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal
34:Henry Fairfield Osborn Jr.
31:
2238:American conservationists
2168:brief biographical sketch
2036:Mesozoic Vertebrate Life:
1482:Journal of Visual Culture
817:Christopher Raymond Perry
743:American Eugenics Society
715:Osborn was a believer in
675:). Osborn himself wrote:
563:. He described and named
420:
308:
290:American Eugenics Society
257:
252:
248:
238:
228:
209:
202:
175:Cullum Geographical Medal
159:
151:
125:
104:
85:
63:
54:
40:
2248:American paleontologists
2118:17 (April 2012), 336–64.
2066:Rainger, Ronald (1991).
1754:Rainger, Ronald (2000).
1587:. Ashgate. pp. 184–192.
1018:Woodward, A. S. (1936).
948:Men of the Old Stone Age
821:Junius Spencer Morgan II
400:Francis Maitland Balfour
351:His younger brother was
296:Early life and education
2313:Wollaston Medal winners
1953:Princeton Alumni Weekly
1570:. In Volker Wissemann.
519:Boone and Crockett Club
491:. Long a member of the
465:Vertebrate Paleontology
131:Lucretia Thatcher Perry
2116:Environmental History,
1583:Regal, Brian. (2002).
1484:vol. 10, no. 3 (2010).
1039:10.1098/rsbm.1936.0006
963:Evolution and Religion
882:Karl Patterson Schmidt
804:
796:
681:
552:
448:
315:Fairfield, Connecticut
305:
78:Fairfield, Connecticut
42:Henry Fairfield Osborn
1909:. ("Osborn", p. 196).
1213:. pp. 117, 170.
1211:Yale University Press
1130:National Park Service
1000:"The New Museum Idea"
802:
786:
719:; he coined the term
677:
550:
428:
353:William Church Osborn
303:
2243:American eugenicists
1820:. September 17, 1969
1735:. September 30, 1881
1386:on December 29, 2010
1334:search.amphilsoc.org
1330:"APS Member History"
527:George Bird Grinnell
493:US Geological Survey
477:William King Gregory
404:Cambridge University
372:Princeton University
361:William E. Dodge Jr.
319:William Henry Osborn
243:William King Gregory
110:Princeton University
2012:1942Sci....95..470G
1879:. February 22, 1902
1846:Wall Street Journal
1624:The Washington Post
1554:Lewin, 1997, p. 57.
1545:Lewin, 1997, p. 56.
1534:Bones of Contention
877:Osteolaemus osborni
864:Saurolophus osborni
706:Edward Drinker Cope
544:from 1909 to 1925.
481:Roy Chapman Andrews
453:Columbia University
415:Comparative Anatomy
392:comparative anatomy
380:Edward Drinker Cope
334:U.S. Representative
1876:The New York Times
1817:The New York Times
1732:The New York Times
1701:The New York Times
1673:The New York Times
1461:Science in Context
1243:The New York Times
1183:The New York Times
1153:The New York Times
1099:The New York Times
1068:. November 7, 1935
1065:The New York Times
840:Garrison, New York
805:
797:
793:Garrison, New York
787:His country home,
700:Evolutionary views
690:Parallel Evolution
686:William K. Gregory
553:
523:Theodore Roosevelt
497:American Southwest
455:as a professor of
449:
338:Ebenezer Pemberton
306:
97:Garrison, New York
2184:Project Gutenberg
2133:978-1-58465-715-6
2107:978-0-7546-0587-4
1930:978-0-231-13529-0
1907:978-1-4214-0135-5
1777:978-0-19-860669-7
1676:. August 27, 1930
1593:978-0-7546-0587-4
1463:24, no. 2 (2011).
1446:; Karen Wonders.
1406:Larson, Edward J.
1186:. January 4, 1951
813:Brigadier General
730:natural selection
572:Tyrannosaurus rex
489:Charles R. Knight
447:specimen AMNH 223
266:
265:
239:Doctoral students
204:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
2335:
2209:
2208:
2193:Internet Archive
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1704:. April 27, 1963
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1457:
1451:
1448:Habitat Dioramas
1440:
1434:
1433:
1410:"Reviewed Work:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1376:
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1292:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1246:. March 31, 1946
1239:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1179:
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1127:
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1111:
1109:
1107:
1095:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1061:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1015:
844:Hudson Highlands
809:Governors Island
614:Edward J. Larson
429:Osborn (r.) and
384:William H. Welch
330:Jonathan Sturges
326:Jonathan Sturges
280:, geologist and
275:
262:
195:
187:
179:
171:
145:
143:
121:
92:
89:November 6, 1935
73:
71:
59:
49:
38:
37:
21:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2175:Wayback Machine
2154:
2134:
2108:
2082:
2062:
2060:Further reading
2038:pp. 19–33.
1969:
1964:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1917:
1913:
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1752:
1748:
1738:
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1726:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1632:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1582:
1578:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1454:
1441:
1437:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1207:Frederic Church
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1102:. March 5, 1894
1093:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1071:
1069:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1016:
1012:
1008:
996:
903:
901:Published books
859:
781:
739:
702:
633:
631:Dawn Man Theory
628:
610:
531:Morris K. Jesup
473:
423:
368:
311:
298:
271:
224:
198:
193:
185:
183:Wollaston Medal
177:
169:
147:
139:
135:
132:
108:
100:
94:
90:
81:
75:
69:
67:
50:
45:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
18:Henry F. Osborn
15:
12:
11:
5:
2341:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2323:Sturges family
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2211:
2210:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2152:External links
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2132:
2119:
2112:
2106:
2086:
2080:
2061:
2058:
2057:
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2039:
2032:
1997:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1936:
1929:
1911:
1890:
1859:
1831:
1800:
1783:
1776:
1746:
1715:
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1609:
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1526:
1513:
1504:
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1465:
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1430:10.1086/533302
1424:(2): 529–530.
1397:
1371:
1346:
1321:
1310:
1296:
1287:
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1269:
1257:
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1220:978-0300109887
1219:
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902:
899:
858:
855:
780:
777:
738:
735:
710:Baldwin effect
701:
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632:
629:
627:
624:
609:
606:
472:
471:Fossil hunting
469:
422:
419:
374:, obtaining a
367:
364:
344:, but died of
310:
307:
304:Osborn in 1890
297:
294:
278:paleontologist
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101:
95:
93:(aged 78)
87:
83:
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76:
74:August 8, 1857
65:
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52:
51:
44:
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26:
9:
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2169:
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2159:
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2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:Madison Grant
2135:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2098:
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2087:
2083:
2081:0-8173-0536-X
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2029:
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2017:
2013:
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1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
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1932:
1926:
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1915:
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1900:
1894:
1878:
1877:
1869:
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1835:
1819:
1818:
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1769:
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1660:
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1625:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1603:Brian Regal,
1600:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1569:
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1551:
1542:
1535:
1530:
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1208:
1201:
1185:
1184:
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1170:
1159:September 12,
1155:
1154:
1146:
1139:
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964:
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949:
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941:
937:
934:
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929:
926:
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921:
918:
917:
913:
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905:
904:
898:
896:
895:
890:
885:
883:
879:
878:
872:
870:
866:
865:
861:The dinosaur
854:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:Rhenish style
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
801:
794:
790:
785:
779:Personal life
776:
774:
770:
769:
764:
763:Madison Grant
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
734:
731:
727:
722:
721:aristogenesis
718:
713:
711:
707:
697:
695:
691:
687:
680:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
623:
620:
615:
605:
603:
599:
594:
592:
591:
587:in 1923, and
586:
585:
584:Pentaceratops
580:
579:
578:Albertosaurus
574:
573:
568:
567:
566:Ornitholestes
562:
558:
549:
545:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
512:
511:
510:Tyrannosaurus
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
446:
445:
440:
436:
432:
427:
418:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
396:Thomas Huxley
393:
389:
385:
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358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
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335:
331:
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302:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
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261:
256:
251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
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231:
227:
221:
218:
215:
214:
212:
208:
205:
201:
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181:
176:
173:
168:
165:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
88:
84:
79:
66:
62:
58:
53:
48:
39:
35:
30:
19:
2278:Orthogenesis
2123:
2115:
2095:
2090:Regal, Brian
2069:
2043:
2035:
2001:
1974:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1920:
1914:
1898:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1874:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1844:
1834:
1822:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:
1793:
1786:
1759:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1699:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1671:
1647:
1637:
1633:
1622:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1550:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1438:
1421:
1417:
1414:Brian Regal"
1411:
1400:
1390:February 16,
1388:. Retrieved
1384:the original
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1313:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1248:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:
1206:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1181:
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1151:
1138:
1129:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1097:
1070:. Retrieved
1063:
1032:(5): 66–71.
1029:
1023:
1013:
985:
977:
969:
962:
955:
947:
939:
931:
923:
915:
907:
892:
886:
875:
873:
869:Barnum Brown
862:
860:
852:
829:
806:
773:Adolf Hitler
766:
740:
720:
717:orthogenesis
714:
703:
694:creationists
692:", but many
682:
678:
660:
648:
640:
637:Piltdown Man
634:
611:
595:
590:Velociraptor
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
554:
539:
516:
508:
485:Barnum Brown
474:
450:
442:
431:Barnum Brown
411:paleontology
408:
369:
350:
346:tuberculosis
342:J. P. Morgan
323:
312:
268:
267:
229:Institutions
220:Paleontology
203:
91:(1935-11-06)
29:
2228:1935 deaths
2223:1857 births
2100:. Ashgate.
1967:Works cited
1945:"Review of
1522:Roger Lewin
836:Castle Rock
789:Castle Rock
755:Anglo-Saxon
655:during the
649:Eoanthropus
641:Eoanthropus
437:during the
406:, England.
398:as well as
2217:Categories
1006:References
894:Osbornodon
593:in 1924.
444:Diplodocus
435:Como-Bluff
388:embryology
70:1857-08-08
1364:April 14,
1250:March 21,
1190:March 21,
884:in 1919.
871:in 1912.
726:mutations
657:Oligocene
600:from the
581:in 1905,
569:in 1903,
366:Education
253:Signature
105:Education
2202:LibriVox
2171:Archived
2092:(2002).
2052:11615816
2028:17789120
1993:17789121
1883:June 24,
1852:June 24,
1824:June 24,
1739:June 24,
1708:March 4,
1680:June 24,
1408:(2003).
1106:June 24,
1072:June 24,
994:See also
759:eugenics
737:Eugenics
669:Linnaeus
645:Pliocene
626:Theories
501:Colorado
282:eugenics
152:Children
47:ForMemRS
2191:at the
2008:Bibcode
2003:Science
1976:Science
1339:May 24,
857:Eponyms
848:William
842:in the
795:, 2009.
505:Wyoming
457:zoology
216:Geology
146:
138:
134:
2130:
2104:
2078:
2050:
2026:
1991:
1927:
1905:
1774:
1591:
1217:
989:(1934)
981:(1927)
973:(1926)
965:(1923)
959:(1921)
951:(1916)
943:(1916)
935:(1915)
927:(1907)
919:(1892)
911:(1894)
891:genus
834:home,
751:Nordic
663:apes (
535:fossil
487:, and
421:Career
394:under
309:Family
210:Fields
194:(1929)
186:(1926)
178:(1919)
170:(1914)
160:Awards
126:Spouse
99:, U.S.
80:, U.S.
1871:(PDF)
1812:(PDF)
1727:(PDF)
1668:(PDF)
1358:(PDF)
1238:(PDF)
1178:(PDF)
1148:(PDF)
1126:(pdf)
1094:(PDF)
1060:(PDF)
889:canid
838:, in
747:races
665:Simia
140:(
136:
2128:ISBN
2102:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2048:PMID
2024:PMID
1989:PMID
1925:ISBN
1903:ISBN
1885:2019
1854:2019
1826:2019
1772:ISBN
1741:2019
1710:2017
1682:2019
1589:ISBN
1392:2011
1366:2011
1341:2021
1252:2019
1215:ISBN
1192:2019
1161:2019
1108:2019
1074:2019
728:and
673:homo
575:and
525:and
503:and
390:and
376:B.A.
332:, a
86:Died
64:Born
2200:at
2182:at
2016:doi
1981:doi
1957:XVI
1764:doi
1426:doi
1422:108
1034:doi
791:in
765:'s
753:or
661:all
653:ape
467:.
433:at
402:at
273:FRS
118:PhD
2219::
2022:.
2014:.
1987:.
1955:.
1951:.
1873:.
1843:.
1814:.
1770:.
1762:.
1758:.
1729:.
1698:.
1670:.
1656:^
1621:.
1559:^
1420:.
1416:.
1332:.
1260:^
1240:.
1209:.
1180:.
1150:.
1128:.
1096:.
1082:^
1062:.
1048:^
1028:.
1022:.
897:.
850:.
712:.
604:.
483:,
479:,
292:.
142:m.
116:,
114:BA
2138:(
2136:.
2110:.
2084:.
2054:.
2030:.
2018::
2010::
1995:.
1983::
1933:.
1887:.
1856:.
1828:.
1780:.
1766::
1743:.
1712:.
1684:.
1627:.
1432:.
1428::
1394:.
1368:.
1343:.
1307:.
1254:.
1223:.
1194:.
1163:.
1132:.
1110:.
1076:.
1042:.
1036::
1030:2
639:(
155:5
120:)
112:(
72:)
68:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
