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304:, the "most salubrious and nourishing Beverage that can be substituted for the use of Tea and Coffee, which are always exciting, and frequently the most irritating to the Stomach and Bowels." He also made shoe-blacking bottles, which carried the slogan "Equal Laws, Equal Rights, Annual Parliaments, Universal Suffrage, and the Ballot." Synthetic coal, intended specifically for the French market, was another of his schemes. After the
333:, which he believed did not go far enough in the extension of the franchise. He gave speeches addressed to the "Working Classes and no other", urging them to press for full equal rights. In 1832 he presented the first petition in support of women's suffrage to Parliament. It was received however with much ribald laughter and antagonism. Also in that year, he petitioned parliament on behalf of the radical preacher
33:
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While in prison for his role at
Peterloo, Hunt turned to writing to disseminate his message, through a variety of forms including an autobiography. After his release he attempted to recover some of his lost fortune through new business ventures in London, which included the production and marketing
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The debacle at
Peterloo, caused by an over-reaction of the local Manchester authorities, added greatly to his prestige. Moral force was not sufficient in itself, and physical force entailed too great a risk. Although urged to do so after Peterloo, Hunt refused to give his approval to schemes for a
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A monument to Hunt was erected in 1842 by "the working people", in Every Street, Manchester, in
Scholefield's Chapel Yard. A "spiral" march was held on the anniversary of Peterloo, from Piccadilly around the town past the Peterloo site, down to Deansgate and through Ancoats to the monument. The
201:, and proclaimed himself a supporter of democratic radicalism. It was thanks to his particular talents that a new programme beyond the narrow politics of the day made steady progress in the difficult years that followed the conclusion of the war with France.
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Business interests notwithstanding, he still found time for practical politics, fighting battles over a whole range of issues, and always pushing for reform and accountability. In 1830 he became a member of
Parliament for
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288:. For the establishment, Hunt believed in some concepts that could threaten the profits of the business establishment: equal rights, universal suffrage, parliamentary reform, and an end to child labour.
329:, but was defeated when standing for re-election in 1833. As a consistent champion of the working classes, a term he used with increasing frequency, he opposed the Whigs, both old and new, and the
423:
344:, a pressure group he set up some years before, intended to unite the northern industrial workers behind a platform of full democratic reform; and it is in this specifically that his influence on
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Addresses from Henry Hunt, Esq. M.P. to the
Radical Reformers of England, Ireland and Scotland, on the measures of the Whig Ministers since they have been in place and power
341:
145:. He was the first member of parliament to advocate for women's suffrage; in 1832 he presented a petition to parliament from a woman asking for the right to vote.
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217:. He embraced a programme that included annual parliaments and universal suffrage, promoted openly and with none of the conspiratorial element of the old
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228:
had the effect of radicalising large sections of the community unrepresented in
Parliament, although the direct success of these efforts was limited.
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full-scale insurrection. Thereby momentum was lost, as more desperate souls turned to worn out cloak-and-dagger schemes, which surfaced in the
221:. The tactic he most favoured was that of 'mass pressure', which he felt, if given enough weight, could achieve reform without insurrection.
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129:(6 November 1773 – 13 February 1835) was a British radical speaker and agitator remembered as a pioneer of working-class
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Two Cocks on the
Dunghill – William Cobbett and Henry Hunt: their friendship, feuds and fights
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Transactions of the
Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, Vol. vii, (1889) pp. 325/6.
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Hunt's health declined during 1834, and in early 1835 he suffered a severe stroke at
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Hunt became a prosperous farmer. He was first drawn into radical politics during the
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Memoirs of Henry Hunt, Esq. Written by himself in his
Majesty's Jail at Ilchester
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in London in 1816, Hunt became known as the "Orator", a nickname attributed to
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Addresses to the
Radical Reformers of England, Ireland and Scotland 1820–1822
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189:. His talent for public speaking became noted in the electoral politics of
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
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monument's stonework deteriorated, and it was demolished in 1888.
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360:, Hampshire, where he died on 13 February 1835. He was buried at
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Hunt was invited by the Patriotic Union Society, formed by the
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614:"Orator" Hunt: Henry Hunt and English Working-Class Radicalism
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Orator Hunt: Henry Hunt and English Working Class Radicalism
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Hunt, Henry, 2009, as quoted in "The History of Parliament"
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and other political heroes, along with fraternal greetings.
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University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
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The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1820-1832
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In his opposition to the Reform Bill, Hunt revived the
268:, to be one of the scheduled speakers at a rally in
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After his rousing speeches at mass meetings held in
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The Preston Cock's Reply to the Kensington Dunghill
424:"Orator Hunt and the first suffrage petition 1832"
193:, where he denounced the complacency of both the
812:
739:Guide to the Henry Hunt Papers MS 563 1760-1838
586:"Peterloo review – force, grit and brilliance"
445:Thorne, J. O.; Collocott, T.C., eds. (1986).
284:, he was sentenced to a term of 30 months at
532:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
480:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
325:defeating the future British Prime Minister
574:(Breviary Stuff Publications, 2012) p. 212.
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16:British MP and social reformer (1773–1835)
716:contributions in Parliament by Henry Hunt
337:, who had been imprisoned for blasphemy.
272:on 16 August 1819, which turned into the
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310:Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette
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133:and an important influence on the later
529:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
477:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
453:: W & R Chambers Ltd. p. 703.
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280:and convicted of the lesser charge of
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584:Bradshaw, Peter (1 September 2018).
153:Hunt was born on 6 November 1773 in
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752:Parliament of the United Kingdom
447:Chambers Biographical Dictionary
258:(replaced by red plaque in 2007)
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526:Belchem, John. "Hunt, Henry".
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141:reform and the repeal of the
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730:Works by or about Henry Hunt
546:UK public library membership
494:UK public library membership
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626:Breviary Stuff Publications
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308:in 1830 he sent samples to
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846:Politicians from Wiltshire
697:The Casualties of Peterloo
675:, three volumes, 1820–1822
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185:, becoming a supporter of
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177:) greatly influenced Hunt
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561:Retrieved 24 April 2020.
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799:Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood
391:, Hunt is portrayed by
96:Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood
538:10.1093/ref:odnb/14193
486:10.1093/ref:odnb/14193
294:Cato Street conspiracy
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699:, Bush, Michael, 2006
640:Young, Penny (2009).
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772:Member of Parliament
761:Edward Smith-Stanley
342:Great Northern Union
282:seditious conspiracy
56:Member of Parliament
803:Henry Smith-Stanley
721:Works by Henry Hunt
660:on 18 February 2020
616:. Clarendon, 1985.
265:Manchester Observer
127:Henry "Orator" Hunt
646:. Twopenny Press.
506:D.R. Fisher, ed.,
377:In popular culture
300:of a roasted corn
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179:
809:
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796:Succeeded by
725:Project Gutenberg
687:, 1–13, 1831–1832
653:978-0-9561703-3-0
634:978-0-9564827-8-5
624:. Republished by
544:(Subscription or
492:(Subscription or
405:Peterloo Massacre
348:can be detected.
274:Peterloo massacre
238:Peterloo massacre
135:Chartist movement
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851:British radicals
841:UK MPs 1831–1832
836:UK MPs 1830–1831
758:Preceded by
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224:His efforts at
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183:Napoleonic Wars
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91:Succeeded by
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37:Portrait by
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826:1835 deaths
821:1773 births
714:1803–2005:
430:16 November
362:Parham Park
248:blue plaque
79:Preceded by
815:Categories
597:18 October
548:required.)
496:required.)
411:References
383:Mike Leigh
364:, Sussex.
316:Parliament
270:Manchester
256:Manchester
211:Spa Fields
149:Background
131:radicalism
25:Henry Hunt
791:John Wood
765:John Wood
451:Edinburgh
358:Alresford
335:John Ward
173:(here by
143:Corn Laws
73:1830–1833
69:In office
39:Adam Buck
628:, 2012.
399:See also
388:Peterloo
346:Chartism
232:Peterloo
197:and the
776:Preston
741:at the
732:at the
711:Hansard
664:10 June
323:Preston
246:Former
191:Bristol
115:Radical
61:Preston
788:With:
693:, 1831
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515:online
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368:Legacy
205:Orator
199:Tories
161:Career
155:Upavon
352:Death
195:Whigs
785:1832
781:1830
774:for
666:2009
648:ISBN
630:ISBN
618:ISBN
599:2018
511:s.v.
455:ISBN
432:2021
169:Sir
59:for
45:1810
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381:In
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