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houses at reasonable prices, while in 1921 a maximum increase in rent was fixed by law as a means of tackling an exorbitant rise in rents. A 1917 homestead law provided for grants of 500 acres of public land in the far north and far south, while from 1919 the
National Mortgage Bank was permitted to make funds available for landless farmers to purchase rural property. In 1921 a tenant rental law was passed "spelling out rights and limitations of rental contracts and working conditions." In 1919 a railroad worker pension plan was amended, and was further amended in 1921 "to create a fund to build houses for railroaders and in that way helped to alleviate the decided shortage of decent affordable housing." A law of 1921 prohibited the manufacture, sale or importation of matches containing white or yellow phosphorus. More than 3,000 new schools were founded while illiteracy was combated, and the government helped set up an extensive consumer cooperative for employees of the state railways. A presidential decree was signed concerning the work of women and children. In accordance with this decree, "every hall in stores, warehouses, millinery and other commercial establishments must have chairs, provided with backs, equal in number to two-thirds of the female workers employed." In 1921 a fund was established for old age, disability and survivors' pensions for personnel working at various public utilities owned by foreign corporations, along with those working in hospitals and clinics. Various public health initiatives were carried out For instance, Law 10,998 of October 21, 1919, authorised the Board of Sanitary Works of the Nation to construct water works and sewage systems in all towns of the Republic with over 8,000 inhabitants. According to a presidential message from 1921 "The Executive Power has dedicated its greatest care to the development of social assistance services, being its constant desire that they correspond to the needs of the population. Within the limited means available to it, its action has been rapid, tending to reduce the ills that afflict the needy, concurring in some cases with the requested aid, reaching out to other means of aid to the populations and expanding the capacity of the hospital establishments with the essential elements for their regular operation."
812:, the capital of the Province of Buenos Aires. Colonel Martín Yrigoyen, Hipólito's brother, led 3,500 civilians who after some fighting overthrew Governor Carlos Costa and took the city of La Plata. Martín and Hipólito's forces combined, and around 4,500 people marched between 13th and 44th street. The Yrigoyen brothers marched to the front of the revolutionary troop to an ovation from the people of La Plata. They decided to use the hippodrome near the train station as an encampment, bringing to an end the peaceful capture of La Plata. That same day, the Provincial Committee met in Lomas de Zamora to elect a provisional governor, Juan Carlos Begrano, who chose Marcelo T. de Alvear as his Minister of Public Works. The provisional government would only last nine days. When the national government sent troops to intervene, Belgrano did not resist and turned his power over to Eduardo Olivera. The national government designated
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761:. One week before, President Carlos Pellegrini had declared a state of siege and, with the justification of a radical conspiracy, sent Leandro N. Alem to prison and practically all of the radical leaders were arrested over a period of two months, with the exception of Yrigoyen. In November of that year, the National Convention of the Civic Radical Union (UCR) was convened, in which Alem and Yrigoyen made a declaration that called for an armed uprising against the regime. The Convention approved a manifesto that labeled the source of the government's power as "based in fraud and violence". On 17 November, the Civic Radical Union issued its charter, the first document of its kind in the history of the party. This was the first in a series of events that began the new radical revolution.
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1005:; Law Nº 4578, on 24 July 1905, intended to calm that year's revolution; and Nº 8871, the famous Sáenz Peña Law, passed on 10 February 1912. While this was predictable, the attitude of President Sáenz Peña is notable for attending to the demands of the people, knowing that it would gravely affect the dominance of the conservatives. It is worth mentioning, however, that the new law applied only to elections for national offices: president, vice-president, national deputies, and national senators. The rest of the elections would continue to be held according to the laws in each province. However, the governor of
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892:
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would crush the revolution by any means necessary. This was the beginning of the dwindling of the relationship between the two leaders. By
October, the revolution had been totally defeated. Yrigoyen was advised that he was to be arrested and when he left his house in the early morning, he was detained by the police force. This was the first time in his life that he was arrested. He was transferred to an old war boat and then to a pontoon that was holding several radical prisoners, where they suffered nausea from the poor hygienic conditions. Soon after, they were sent to
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National
Territories). An act of 29 August 1929, which came into force on 12 March 1930, established the eight-hour workday and forty-eight hour workweek for all salaried employees and workers A resolution passed on August 7, 1929, added a registry to the Ministry of Agriculture, whose purpose, as noted by one study, was "to compile and distribute information concerning agricultural lands, such as prices, distance from important market and railway centers, and other data of interest to farm owners and to other persons wishing to purchase land."
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1147:; I have seen popular spectacles extraordinary in number and enthusiasm. But I cannot remember anything comparable to the incredible scene of a Head of State thrown into the arms of his people, carried back and forth by the electrified crowd, to the high seat of honor of the first mandate of his homeland (...). But all that pales in comparison to the reality of the immense plaza, of the human ocean mad with joy, of the president dedicated to his people with his heart and soul, without guards, without an army, without police.
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Yrigoyen, in protest of Adolfo Alsina's tendencies towards Mitre's party, formed the
Republican Party, which proposed del Valle as a candidate and positioned itself in opposition to any agreements between leaders of Alsina's party and Mitre's pitre. The internal conflict ended with the expulsion of Yrigoyen from his police duties in 1877. In 1878, at 25 years old, he was elected Provincial Deputy for the Republican Party and sat on the Budget Committee, but his term ended in 1880 as a result of the
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against them and so they broke into several buildings and arrested civilians who resorted to their weapons. Alarmed, General Smith, the Army Chief of Staff, headed to the armory to fortify his unit and defend the city's arsenal. Thirty-three unarmed revolutionaries entered at 4 a.m. and were arrested when they asked for Martín
Yrigoyen. The revolutionaries' failure to capture the arsenal reduced hope for the revolution, as the plan had been to arm civilians with weapons from the arsenal.
1124:. The opponents were horrified by the presence of the 'sandal-wearing riffraff', a prejudice, certainly, but one that marked the beginning of a new age of democracy." When thirteen electors were needed for radicalism to triumph, the conservatives went to Santa Fe to try to persuade electors who were enemies with the party's authorities. When Yrigoyen was asked about this, he said the famous quote, "Let one thousand elections be lost before we sacrifice our principles."
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1276:, which meant in economic terms continuing supply to its traditional allies and customers. The nations at war demanded cheap supplies, such as blankets and canned meat, which saw their exports triple between 1914 and 1920. This was nothing compared to the exports of corn and refrigerated meat (which was of higher quality than the canned meat). In turn, the import of manufactured goods from Europe stopped as the warring nations focused their resources on
1054:, where he declined to accept the candidacy. Crotto proposed to form a commission to meet with Yrigoyen with the goal of convincing him to accept the candidacy. The delegates Guido and Oyhanarte headed to the residency on Avenida Brasil 1039 and communicated to Yrigoyen that if he rejected the candidacy, it would be the end of the fight. At 6:30 pm, Yrigoyen accepted. The news prompted a celebration in front of the house on Avenida Brasil 1039.
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small properties for their old age. The workers at
Yrigoyen's estancias received higher salaries then was typical for the time, and they received a share of the earnings, in proportion to the work and responsibility of each employee, and he would regularly give his workers articles of clothing. He collected a fortune of several million pesos, which he used almost entirely to fund his political activity, to the point that he was in debt when he died.
694:), but rather against a whole system. But prior to the revolution of 1890, he was pressured to join the movement and quickly became the Chief of Police of the Provisional Government. But the movement would be quickly repressed by the government, and the pacts between the more conservative factions of the Civic Union collapsed due to a deep internal crisis. This led to the rupture of the Civic Union on 26 June 1891, forming two new parties: the
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780:. The encampment housed as many as 2,800 armed citizens, who arrived in columns to take adjacent towns. On 4 August, the head of the rebellion created several battalions to defend the settlement in Temperley, whose forces had grown to 4,500 men, divided into eighteen battalions. Facing this situation, the governor resigned that same day. Two days later, the Committee of the Province was formed, with Yrigoyen presiding over it, and met in
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592:, led by Yrigoyen. Despite the unfavorable economic situation, he donated his salary of 150 pesos to the Children's Hospital and the Asylum for Defenseless Children. Testimonies from the time signal that he was not a good professor, but his method is of particular interest: he gave his own students responsibility over the classes while he acted as a moderator and observer. By 1882, Yrigoyen had finished his classes in theory at the
772:. Meanwhile, in Buenos Aires, Yrigoyen decided to put his plan into practice. Several radical leaders left the city, heading towards the interior of the province, each one assigned a specific task to carry out the new rebellion. At his El Trigo estancia, he met with his friends and some of his workers, some sixty people in all, and they headed towards the Las Flores police station, which they took without resistance. He arrived in
429:, although he continued his studies at the School of South America, where his uncle Leandro N. Alem was a professor of philosophy. Yrigoyen was not a standout student, though he did demonstrate an introspective personality. Early on, he had an inclination towards studying to be a priest, though he soon began to study law instead. For some time, Yrigoyen and Alem shared a household, and the latter tried to introduce his nephew to
1179:, called for "civic hygiene", were carried out slowly by the executive branch in times of legislative recess. With the exception of the provinces governed by radicals who had come into power legitimately, the rest were put into power through intervention. The intervention's goal was to call for legal elections and for the winners to become the new governor. In many districts, radicalism won, although in provinces such as
1235:, and placed controls on the concessions of the foreign businesses that managed the country's railroads. Gabriel del Mazo, historian of radicalism, says that Yrigoyen's government was characterized by his "Petroleum and Land Plan". In addition to the defense of domestic assets, Yrigoyen was able to contain the expansionism of the large foreign economic groups that were active in the country. Facing the aggressive
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1311:, where it had been deposited by European merchants in the name of Argentine exporters. Thanks to this, the Argentine peso reached an 80% gold standard by the end of Yriogyen's first government. The government attempted, to no avail, to create the Bank of the Republic in 1917, a financial entity whose objective would be to regulate the economy and national finances. In a five-year period, it did not issue
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participate in the new ministry, to no avail. He then attempted to call on a number of radical figures to join some of the ministries, but they all forcefully rejected the offer. He came up with a plan to disarm the paramilitary forces that existed in several provinces that some governors were using to retain their power in their provinces. He also asked
Congress to use
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servants was a subject of much satire in the conservative press. During the first years of his government, Yrigoyen led through decrees, since many of the initiatives he sent to
Congress failed due to the conservative majority that still prevailed. Only after the 1918 Legislative Elections did radicalism obtain the majority in the lower chamber.
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An industry with little development, created during World War I but shrunk afterwards, an economic organization that obtained almost all its resources from customs duties, and a budget with a negative balance, among other things, characterized the
Argentine economy during the radical period from 1916 to 1930.
1013:, and the new governor organized elections for provincial governor and the provincial legislature in accord with the new electoral reform. The Radical Civic Union decided to participate and won the election, bringing to power Manuel Menchaca, the first Argentine governor to be elected in secret elections.
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and one each for Alvear, Crotto, and Gallo. Crotto rejected the vote that he was given, standing by his position that only
Yrigoyen could be the candidate. In the vice-presidential selection, Luna received 81 votes with Gallo receiving 59, and Joaquín Castellanos and Melo received one each. While the
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with the goal of demanding a clean and free election. The following day, while the first commission was debating over whether to put the Constitution into effect after years of institutional disorder, the second commission that met with President De La Plaza did not return with encouraging news. That
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Yrigoyen had maintained his anonymity during the last few weeks of the uprising. It was announced that at the end of February, he would appear at the Federal Court. On 28 February, there was a large crowd and significant police presence waiting for him, but he did not appear, and the government ended
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as Minister of the Interior, who sent a powerful military force to defeat the revolution. On 25 August, the Committee of the Province officially announced that it would drop arms. Alem insisted on ordering a new uprising throughout the country, but Yrigoyen disagreed because he believed that Quintana
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visited Argentina on a goodwill tour, meeting with President Yrigoyen on policies regarding trade and tariffs. Radical anarchist elements attempted to assassinate Hoover by attempting to place a bomb near his rail car, but the bomber was arrested before he could complete his work. President Yrigoyen
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duel. Alvear had a few days to teach his friend the basics of fencing, since Yrigoyen had no knowledge of fencing and de la Torre was an expert. The duel took place on 6 September and Yrigoyen was able to achieve several touches on de la Torre's face and won the duel. During his presidency, he would
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began to decline slowly starting 1914, while the prices of manufactured products that Argentina was importing began to climb in relation to the price of grains. This created an increasingly difficult situation that became an economic crisis, eventually resulting in a global economic crisis in 1929.
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Various reforms were also enacted during Yrigoyen's first presidency. In 1918 a law was enacted fixing the conditions of homework, providing "that a minimum wage for such work shall be fixed by mixed committees of employers and employees." A law was passed in 1919 providing the building of workers'
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The first effects of the law were unexpected for the reformers: radicals and socialists turned out in almost every corner of the country, with the exception of the Province of Buenos Aires, which was fervently controlled by the traditional political apparatus. The provincial parties that controlled
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Starting at eight in the morning, the theater was packed with people and taken over by nerves because although it was known that Yrigoyen would win unanimously, the delegates knew that he would not accept the candidacy. In regards to the vice-presidency, there were demands by the "blue" group to be
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in 1890, emerging from a heterogeneous movement linked together by the ideology of suffragism and the fight against Roca's regime. Following the success of the meeting held in the Florida Garden on 1 September 1889, which helped popularize Leandro N. Alem among the youth of Buenos Aires, and though
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The economic expansion that Argentina experienced during the period known as the "radical republic" (1916–1930), with an average annual expansion of 8.1%, is still today one of the greatest periods of economic growth in the history of the country. However, Yrigoyen had to confront problems arising
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In 1918, the UCR received 367,263 votes, and in 1920, the party received 338,723 votes. Although the UCR won a considerable number of seats in the national legislature, the Senate's slow constitutional turnover meant that the upper chamber did not yet represent the electorate. The death of Pelagio
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The electoral victory meant that, for the first time, a large social class that had until then been excluded from public office was running different state functions. This was the middle class, without great economic resources, nor connections to the upper classes. The presence of "nameless" civil
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The presidential elections on 2 April 1916 were the first in the history of Argentina to adopt the Sáenz Peña Law, which guaranteed a secret and mandatory vote for men, and it is thus considered to have resulted in the first democratic government in the history of Argentina, with the clarification
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with the attendance of some seventy members. Domingo Demaría requested Yrigoyen to be provisional governor of the province, but he denied emphatically, believing that he had participated in the revolution to end an illegal government, not to install another one. Before the insistence of his fellow
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UCR), led by Alem and radically opposed to Roca. That same year, Yrigoyen was named head of the Radical Committee of the Province of Buenos Aires, and in March 1881, he was named head of the Department of Argentine History Civic Instruction at the Normal School for Teachers. The five-year stint at
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Yrigoyen never hosted anyone, not even his friends, at his estancias. He spent time working in the fields alongside his workers, and in his free time he would walk or read. When he became a more popular political personality, he would retreat to his estancias to rest. He advised his workers to buy
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On 1 July 1896, Leandro Alem committed suicide in the middle of the street. Aristóbulo del Valle had died prematurely in January of that year, leaving the leadership of the party to Yrigoyen. However, on the night of Alem's wake, he announced that the loss of his uncle was too grave to be able to
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It was just prior to this revolution that Yrigoyen met Alvear, more specifically when there was an opening for Chief of Police of the city of Buenos Aires. Artistóbulo del Valle proposed a relative of Alem, who had been commissioner. This is how he made contact with Alvear and other civic figures
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There were several signs in early February 1905 that a new radical revolution was coming, and in late January, the revolutionaries left for their destinations throughout the country to begin their revolt. However, both the government and the police suspected that there were plans of a conspiracy
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thanks to the influence of his uncle, and placed in charge of Section 14. Meanwhile, he continued his studies in law and in March 1874 finished his fourth year, while also participating in the revolution that took place that year led by Bartolomé Mitre. In 1877, Alem, Artistóbulo del Valle, and
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As far as the railroads were concerned, Yrigoyen placed rigorous controls on the railways in British hands, especially in regards to tariffs and fixation of capital accounts. He also promoted State Railways, looking for a way to reach the Pacific Ocean to facilitate transport of goods from the
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In domestic policy, additional reforms were introduced during Yrigoyen's second presidency. On June 12, 1929, Yrigoyen authorized funding for the establishment of primary schools throughout the nation (4,514,470 pesos for the establishment of primary schools in Buenos Aires, the Provinces and
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The long-postponed political change began its process with the arrival to the presidency of Roque Sáenz Peña, an internal opponent of the National Autonomist Party. He focused all of his governmental management into passing a law to guarantee secret, universal, and mandatory elections for all
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After a crisis in the ministry that led to the resignation of several ministers, on 3 July 1893, Luis Sáenz Peña called on Aristóbulo del Valle, who had been retired from politics since the fracture of the Civic Union, to reorganize it. Del Valle first attempted to invite the UCR Committee to
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The 1880s marked the consolidation of a landowning elite and commercial sector, tied together in a balance guaranteed by President Roca, first from within the government, and later from outside. The agreement between these distinct dominant sectors brought about the exclusion of any organized
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in the provinces, which deepened the confrontation with the conservative sectors. During his first presidency, he intervened in the provinces twenty times; only five by law, and ten in provinces governed by radicals. The government argued that the provinces whose governors had been chosen in
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In 1870, he entered public administration as a scribe for the General Accounts of the Office of Balances and Information, though he did not remain at this job for very long. Two years later, when Alem was elected provincial deputy, Yrigoyen, twenty years old, was named Police Commissioner of
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to Bolivia, as well as the existence of YPF itself. Yrigoyen, in his seventies, was also kept uninformed of the true state of the nation by aides who censored his access to news reports of the global depression's impact. On 24 December of this year he survived an assassination attempt.
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presided over by the chair of the National Labor Department, and made up of a representative of each party in the conflict, to arrive at a viable understanding for workers and employers. Also in 1919, a law was brought to Congress regulating work in manufacturing and the production of
576:. This was the first discrepancy that emerged between the two. In 1878, he ended his studies, having never completed his thesis. Three years later, a new law was passed that eliminated the requirement for a thesis to become a lawyer in such a way that Yrigoyen was able to graduate.
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Despite the congressional minority, Yrigioyen maintained an attitude inclined towards dialogue and negotiation, not only with the traditional conservative parties that controlled the Senate, but also with the new popular parties that had gained prominence from the secret vote: the
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At fifteen years old, Yrigoyen paused his studies to help his father, who had acquired a fleet of trolleys to work in the port. He worked for a short time in a store and also had a job in the trolley. At his young age, he had already had extensive though diverse work experience.
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Yrigoyen was the nation's first president to sustain a nationalist ideology, convinced that the country had to manage its own currency and credit, and most of all, control over its transports, energy networks, and petroleum exploitation. To this end, he designed the plans for a
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in the City of Buenos Aires, on the street that is now named after him, on the 1600 block. Just prior to this move, his brother, Roque, died after suffering a long illness. That event prompted him to close himself off to the world even more, a state in which he suffered a
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in Standard Basque, which means "city of the high". In the French Basque country, the "h" is pronounced as it is in English, while in the Spanish Basque country, it is not pronounced, which is why the surname Hirigoyen probably has its origin in France, while its variants
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In the fallout of the Great Depression, Yrigoyen's presidency ended due to conspiracies by rival factions who capitalized on flaws in his government. and conservative sectors of the army plotted openly for a regime change, as did American corporations, such as the
921:, but the capital was kept under the government's control. In Mendoza, the governor was deposed and José Néstor Lencinas, the head of the Revolutionary Junta, took the command of provisional governor. In Córdoba, an infantry led by Delfor Del Valle Vice President
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delegates waited for the acceptances of the candidacies, a demonstration gathered outside Yrigoyen's house, but there is no indication that anyone was able to enter. Yrigoyen had gone to meet with the board of directors of the Convention in Crotto's study on the
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together with the passage of a number of progressive social reforms, including improvements in factory conditions, regulation of working hours, compulsory pensions, and the introduction of a universally accessible public education system. Yrigoyen was the first
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him. Yrigoyen was able to support the leaders financially in exile because of the success of his estancias. A few months after the revolution ended, a civic association appeared, the Association of May, which started a pro-amnesty movement supported by the
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continue to practice fencing, a pastime that he never gave up, even in his 70s. In 1897, he joined the Jockey Club and went several times, and although he never set foot in the institution after 1900, he continued to be a member until his death.
971:. Yrigoyen began to run the association to gain freedom for the imprisoned revolutionaries, but that clashed with Quintana's inflexibility. However, Quintana died in March 1906, and José Figueroa Alcorta became president from the modernist
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and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second term from 1928 to 1930. He was the first president elected democratically by means of the secret and mandatory male suffrage established by the
1203:. He developed radicalism as a "religion of redemption" for the "liberation of Argentina", he was not seen as a politician but as an "apostle", and he believed that the Radical Civic Union was not a party but rather "a motherland itself":
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and confined into small spaces with poor living conditions. On 5 March, the state of siege was extended for 70 days, and the prisoners were quickly tried with punishments of up to eight years in prison, and on 2 May, they were sent on the
641:, and fattened cattle to sell them to refrigeration businesses. These activities not only earned him great wealth, but also landholdings of his own. In total he owned almost 25 leagues of land. He was the owner of Estancia El Trigo, near
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as its candidate. Sáenz Peña was for establishing an election system that would put an end to electoral fraud, and he was not only a friend of Yrigoyen but also had cofounded the defunct Republican Party with Yrigoyen 30 years before.
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Luna in 1919 had a notable influence on the legislative body and the fact that many radical senators were not aligned with Yrigoyen's government were a few of the factors that stopped several of Yrigoyen's proposals in the Senate.
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among others. Yrigoyen met with President Figueroa Alcorta in 1907 and 1908 to try to convince him to call for corruption-free elections, but he found little success. Yrigoyen revealed the conversations in the Convention of 1909.
1239:, he defended his non-interventionist principles, going as far as ordering Argentina's war boats in one case to wave the flag of the Dominican Republic rather than that of the U.S., who had hoisted theirs on the island after the
1100:–Juan Eugenio Serú) in the popular vote with 339,332 votes, versus 153,406 votes for the Conservative Party. They also won in the Electoral College with 152 votes. The Congress was composed of 45 radicals and 75 opponents in the
1280:. This caused industries to emerge to produce the products that were previously being imported. Between 1914 and 1921, commerce grew with the United States, as England and other European nations had nothing to offer Argentina.
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The new government of Uriburu adopted the most severe measures to prevent reprisals and counter-revolutionary tactics by friends of the ousted administration. The aforementioned Yrigoyenist personalities were later released.
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such as Le Breton, Apellániz, and Senillosa. Alvear and Yrigoyen would see each other at the Paris Café and at committee meetings. He would always hold a special appreciation for Alvear, even in the later years of the
1336:, citing that the conditions of the workers were inhumane. This law, Nº 11.728, was passed in the following radical administration in 1925, but it was vetoed by Marcelo T. de Alvear at the insistence of the Congress.
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divided the opinions of the delegates, leading them to suspend the session to be continued on 22 March at Onrubia Theater, where they would also have to choose their candidates for president and vice-president.
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Commissary Julián Bourdeu of the Policía de la Capital (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and part of the staff of the 27th precinct, days after the Radical Party revolution, a photo published by the Argentine magazine
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1450:, Minister of Finance in the Yrigoyen cabinet; General Moscini, former Director of YPF; General Baldrich, and a number of Yrigoyenist deputies were arrested by the provisional government of General Uriburu.
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At 3:45, President Manuel Quintana arrived at the Governor's Palace to convene an emergency meeting of his cabinet and declared a state of siege throughout the country. Successful uprisings took place in
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He began to work as a professor of Argentina history, civic instruction, and philosophy in 1880, and the Normal School for Teachers, though he was first named President of the Balvanera School Council by
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to the presidency, Alem resigned from his position as Deputy in protest against the federalization and left politics, allowing Yrigoyen, who was not opposed to the new law, to be elected Deputy to the
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to replace the governors of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, and San Luis, which were the provinces mostly controlled by the oligarchy. Given his proximity to the government, del Valle could have staged a
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The initial push to achieve complete democratic rights was stopped, since the UCR neither controlled the Senate nor the governorships in many provinces. Yrigoyen resorted in several cases to
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Constitution Plaza station in 1920. Yrigoyen lived on the nearby Avenida Brasil until his death in 1933. Years later, his house was demolished to make way for the Arturo Frondizi Highway
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568:. That year he was named general administrator of Stamps and Patents, though he did not remain long in that position either. Upon the federalization of Buenos Aires and the arrival of
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on the ticket, and finally, Pelagio Luna, from La Rioja, was designated the vice-presidential candidate. At 10:30 am, the voting began: Yrigoyen received 150 votes, with two for
657:– and he became familiar with their problems and sentiments. In a few years, Yrigoyen had accumulated a considerable fortune, which was to help him achieve his political aspirations.
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1116:, without any kind of security detail. Historian Luis Alberto Romero notes that something had truly changed when "100,000 people accompanied the new president on his way from the
1187:, the conservatives prevailed, and in those cases the popular decision was respected. Additionally, were no interventions in the provinces of Santa Fe, Buenos, Aires, or Jujuy.
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president, convinced that the country had to manage its own currency and, above all, it should have control of its transportation and its energy and oil exploitation networks.
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945:, but some, such as Delfor Del Valle, were captured when they tried to leave the country, and others turned themselves in. Some 70 civil prisoners were held on the naval ship
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there were only 4 radicals and 26 opponents. A total of eleven provinces were still being represented by members of the previous regime. After swearing in before the
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When he finished his secondary education in 1869, along his with his uncle Leandro N. Alem, he began his political life as a member of the Autonomist Party, led by
1323:. Congress did not levy taxes on returns, though the administration requested this in 1919. In the same year, Congress passed regulations over conciliation and
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825:, the only foreign land to which Yrigoyen ever travelled, where they remained until December. He returned to Uruguay many years later after being overthrown.
555:. In his participation in the Electoral Club, he demanded free suffrage, division of rural property, and reform of the judicial power, among other measures.
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Leandro N. Alem, the uncle of Yrigoyen, and a role model that he followed. In 1896, after Alem's suicide, Yrigoyen would become more isolated than ever.
861:, after a meeting UCR Provincial Committee meeting 29 September at Alvear's house in which they voted to dissolve the committee in order to defeat the
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and had four siblings: Roque, Martín, Amalia, and Marcelina. In 1861, at the age of nine, he entered the San José of Buenos Aires School, run by the
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841:'s life, after the radical leaders had come into conflict with each other. As an anecdote about the two leaders, it can be mentioned that in 1897,
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citizens. After overcoming resistance from the conservatives, who were opposed to the exercise of total democracy, his plan became the so-called
584:, then president of the National Council of Education. He taught these subjects for around twenty-four years, until he was expelled by President
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radicalism would enter a state of disorganization until the party's reorganization in 1904. This was a total contradiction of the pact with the
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1001:. The issue of suffrage was dealt with in three laws: Law Nº 4161, on 29 December 1902, which made possible the first representation of the
805:, as Alem had asked him to, but his legal convictions stopped him from taking action even when it would mean the failure of the revolution.
1016:
In early March 1916, the National Committee of the Radical Civic Union met to call a Convention, which would take place on 20 March at the
929:, and several government leaders who happened to be in Córdoba. Del Valle attempted to capture President Roca, but he managed to escape to
1739:. University of London Institute of Latin American Studies Occasional Papers. London: Institute of Latin American Studies. ISSN 0953-6825.
719:. Little is known about this, due to his reserved nature. During his brother's illness, Yrigoyen befriended two of his brother's friends,
39:
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1032:, José Saravia, and Isaías Amado. At the same time, it named another commission, made up of Eudoro Vargas Gómez, Crotto, Luna, and
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In my diplomatic career I have attended famous celebrations in different European courts; I have been present for the ascent of a
1155:
1916 Argentine Elections, the first in the country's history to feature guaranteed secret, universal, and mandatory male suffrage
727:, who would play significant roles in the institutional changes that would eventually bring Hipólito Yrigoyen to the presidency.
4122:
857:
When the National Convention of the UCR issued the so-called "parallel policy" on 6 September 1897, to hold elections with the
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at the time to intervene in fourteen federal states where fraud was still in practice, and had been since the creation of the
3387:
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371:. The opposition, on the other hand, accused the Executive Branch of being arrogant and demanded greater participation from
20:
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2556:
Monthly Bulletin of the International Bureau of the American Republics Volume 60, Part 1 By Pan American Union, 1926, P.136
260:
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3403:
2890:"Message to President Hipolito Irigoyen of Argentina on His Escape From Assassination. | The American Presidency Project"
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1908:
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on the morning of 3 August alongside 1,200 men and established their encampment for the revolution, led and organized by
625:
During the 1880s, he began a series of rural projects that would give him great economic wealth. He purchased and rented
645:, one of the best shepherding lands in the country; Seña de Anchorena in the province of San Luis; and El Quemado, near
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937:, there were rumors of suspected movements, but no revolution happensd there. Several revolutionary leaders escaped to
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1020:, with the attendance of 138 delegates. At the session, the committee designated a commission made up of delegates
695:
690:. Yrigoyen hesitated to join the movement at first since he believed the fight was not against a person (President
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2625:
Social Security in Latin America Pressure Groups, Stratification, and Inequality By Carmelo Mesa-Lago, 1978, P.163
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immigrant who in 1847 married Marcelina Alén Ponce, daughter of Leandro Antonio Alén (who was also the father of
344:
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3511:
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2654:
MENSAJE DEL PRESIDENTE DE LA NACION Doctor HIPOLITO YRIGOYEN al abrir las sesiones del h. congreso MAYO DE 1921
2465:
Padoan, Marcelo (2001). "Jesús, el templo y los viles mercaderes. Un examen de la discursividad yrigoyenista".
1144:
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Ambassador to Argentina attended the event on behalf of his country and wrote the following for the newspaper
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that the president of the National Committee, Bernardo de Iriogyen, had signed as a tactic to fight against
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649:. Thanks to his business experience, Yrigoyen had direct contact with the people of the countryside – both
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was reduced to 225,000,000 pesos, the reason for which many public positions were left vacant to reduce
854:
lead the party, and he asked those present to return to their provinces of origin until further notice.
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Labor Legislation of Argentina : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 510
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Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen was born on 12 July 1852, a few months after the
3843:
3545:
3501:
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2917:. 2nd edition. New York, New York, USA; Hampshire, England, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. pp. 83–84.
2824:
2692:"Historia Argentina, Hechos principales de la primera presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922)"
2645:
Economic Conditions in the Argentine Republic By Great Britain. Dept. of Overseas Trade, 1921, P.39
968:
678:
642:
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3684:
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3424:
1982:
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was overthrown by Juan Sáa, and on 31 July, after a day of bloody conflict, they took the city of
387:. He was baptized four years later, on 19 October 1856 in the church of Nuestra Señora de Piedad.
3764:
3559:
3177:
3124:
2977:. Historia de las elecciones argentinas. Vol. 3. Buenos Aires: Artes Gráficas Rioplatenses.
2177:
Mayón, Carlos Alberto. "La Ley Sáenz Peña en el contexto mundial de los siglos XVIII, XIX y XX".
1558:"El Historiador :: Documentos históricos :: Yrigoyen, en defensa del petróleo nacional"
1436:
1360:
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891:
682:
355:
radicalism was presented as the "authentic expression of the nation and the people" against the "
248:
116:
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745:
Hipólito Yrigoyen, revolutionary leader 1893. Sketch by Eduardo Sojo, published in the magazine
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accompanied Hoover thereafter as a personal guarantee of safety until he left the country.
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Argentina's Radical Party and Popular Mobilization, 1916–1930 By Joel Horowitz, 2015, P.55
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After his overthrow, Yrigoyen was placed under house arrest and confined several times to
8:
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3726:
3721:
3588:
3361:
3163:
2434:"Historia Argentina, Año 1918 de la primera presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922)"
1352:
During his first presidency workers' strikes were violently suppressed in events such as
1320:
1180:
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998:
711:
699:
477:
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of 1912. His activism was the prime impetus behind the passage of that law in Argentina.
321:
316:
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3998:
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910:
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According to researcher Roberto Etchepareborda, his original last name – as opposed to
368:
328:
4023:
3631:
2351:"El Historiador :: Artículos :: Alicia Moreau sobre el movimiento feminista"
2277:"Historia Argentina, Año 1916 La primera presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922)"
552:
3977:
3674:
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3009:
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2252:"A un siglo de la asunción de Yrigoyen, primer presidente electo por el voto popular"
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1503:"Presidentes en la tormenta. Yrigoyen, acosado por la violencia y la crisis política"
1364:
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1006:
976:
765:
720:
638:
384:
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3300:
2574:
Argentina's Radical Party and Popular Mobilization, 1916–1930 By Joel Horowitz, 2015
2166:
El ocaso de la república oligárquica: poder, política y reforma electoral, 1898–1912
983:
In the 1910 presidential elections, the modernist National Autonomist Party elected
802:
4056:
3982:
3310:
3290:
3197:
1367:. The anti-labor violence was often assisted by the paramilitary nationalist group
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1105:
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the old regime failed in their attempt to form a new conservative political force.
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Instituto de Derecho Constitucional y Político, Universidad Nacional de La Plata
906:
698:, led by Bartolomé Mitre and in favor of negotiating with Roca's party, and the
4033:
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opposition. In this context, the opposition formed a new party, dissolving the
3372:
1916:
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1316:
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that the first completely democratic government was the second presidency of
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548:
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332:
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707:
this position influenced Yrigoyen notably, giving him a more global vision.
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1287:
ordered the suspension of the exchange of gold for paper currency that the
1029:
364:
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200:
150:
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northwest and southwest of the country to reach Perú, Chile, and Bolivia.
509:" was a political tool used in the 1920s. Gabriel del Mazo, leader of the
3315:
1324:
1269:
1236:
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1113:
1085:, when women were able to exercise their right to vote and be voted for.
963:
605:
430:
352:
337:
2615:
Bulletin of the Pan American Union Volume 49 By Pan American Union, 1919
1389:
On the expiration of Alvear's term in 1928, Yrigoyen was overwhelmingly
551:, a party with a popular base that faced off with the National Party of
327:
Known as "the father of the poor", Yrigoyen presided over a rise in the
3001:
1333:
1112:, the new president was literally carried by a deluge of people to the
818:
686:
he was retired from political life since the 1880s, he helped plan the
375:, especially in matters such as the conflictive federal interventions.
356:
3132:
2855:] (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Buenos Aires: DISTAL. p. 224.
1909:"El fracaso de la revolución – La delicada situación política en 1893"
710:
In 1889, Yrigoyen moved into a house of his own, facing what is today
611:
315:; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the
3622:
3407:
3202:
2776:(in Spanish). Ministerio del Interior. pp. 68–69. Archived from
785:
revolutionaries, he told them, "Neither provisional, nor definitive"
773:
560:
422:
539:
3868:
Fragile Civilian Governments – Proscription of Peronism (1958–1966)
3822:
3217:
934:
838:
809:
626:
617:
597:
421:
During his youth, Yrigoyen lived in a house in the neighborhood of
372:
1231:
in order to nationalize foreign trade, founded the energy company
975:(PAN), which passed a law of amnesty proposed by former President
792:
Revolutionary Army Troops after their training in Temperley (1893)
2973:
Herrera de Noble, Ernestina (dir.) (2011a). Diario Clarín (ed.).
1488:"Características de Presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916-1922)"
1423:, who opposed the president's efforts to curb oil smuggling from
1303:. Fourteen million pesos in gold came back into the country from
955:
942:
918:
846:
822:
769:
399:
672:
neighborhood of Buenos Aires, where Yrigoyen's house was located
3049:
2533:"Gobierno de Hipólito Yrigoyen Conflictos y Causas de su Caída"
1737:
Karl Krause and the Ideological Origins of the Cuban Revolution
1308:
440:
In 1867, he worked at a judicial office that Leandro Alem and
1439:. This was the first military coup since the adoption of the
1304:
1128:
938:
808:
On 8 August, a railway formation left from Temperley to take
2957:. Grandes biografías de los 200 años. Buenos Aires: Sol 90.
2666:"El crecimiento de la última década no fue récord histórico"
1677:"PRESIDENCIA DE HIPOLITO IRIGOYEN :: TATO Y AVELLANEDA"
1237:
interventionist policy of the United States in Latin America
1466:. He died in Buenos Aires on 3 July 1933 and was buried in
1312:
1255:
elections prior to the electoral reform were illegitimate.
71:
12 October 1928 – 6 September 1930
2565:
Area Handbook for Argentina By Thomas E. Weil, 1974, P.275
2409:"::: ARGENTINA HISTÓRICA – la historia argentina :::"
2377:"::: ARGENTINA HISTÓRICA – la historia argentina :::"
129:
12 October 1916 – 11 October 1922
2836:
BULLETIN OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION, DECEMBER 1929, P.1270
1232:
1581:
1579:
2814:
BULLETIN OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION OCTOBER 1929, P.1062
2635:
La política sanitaria del presidente Hipólito Yrigoyen
1206:
427:
Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Betharram
2237:
2235:
1576:
1299:. This allowed the Argentine currency to maintain a
1975:"Duelo Hipolito Yrigoyen Lisandro de la Torre 1897"
1896:
El radicalismo: ensayo sobre su historia y doctrina
512:
Fuerza de Orientación Radical de la Joven Argentina
304:
Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen
2232:
2972:
1065:
4084:
2952:
367:, the will of the majorities prevailed over the
3402:
1396:In December of that year, U.S. President-elect
1374:
2846:
1291:began in 1889 as a temporary solution for the
1215:
1096:prevailed over the Conservative Party ticket (
1061:Results of the 1916 Argentine General Election
596:Law School. At this time, through the Spanish
4158:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
3388:
3148:
1521:"PAÍS GLOBAL – PRESIDENCIA HIPÓLITO YRIGOYEN"
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
492:
390:His father, Martín Yrigoyen Dodagaray, was a
2943:
2928:New Govt. Takes Speedy Action Against Enemy.
608:, who influenced his thinking considerably.
471:
465:
458:
452:
3534:– First Presidential Government (1826–1827)
3061:Newspaper clippings about Hipólito Yrigoyen
2480:"Mi Vida y Mi Doctrina – Hipólito Yrigoyen"
991:
3395:
3381:
3155:
3141:
2948:. Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires.
2847:Gabriel Levene, Gustavo (1 January 2011).
2469:(Universidad Nacional de Quilmes) (5): 91.
476:) have their origins in Spain. Formerly,
351:, political polarization was on the rise.
38:
3471:Supreme directors of the United Provinces
1500:
604:, he discovered the works of philosopher
534:
16:President of Argentina (1916–22, 1928–30)
3193:Alliance for Work, Justice and Education
1150:
1056:
890:
827:
787:
740:
663:
610:
538:
412:
3162:
2664:Jueguen, Francisco (28 December 2014).
2663:
1457:
4085:
2800:, ed. Planeta, 2006, p. 114 (chap.IV "
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
1327:in workers' conflicts, establishing a
873:during his second presidency in 1898.
3376:
3136:
2461:
2459:
2225:
2223:
1872:
1870:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1747:
1745:
1731:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1036:, tasked with meeting with President
876:
621:, nearby one of Yrigoyen's properties
310:
4133:Argentine people of Galician descent
3961:– Military Dictatorships (1976–1983)
3899:– Military Dictatorships (1966–1973)
3847:– Military Dictatorships (1955–1958)
3794:– Military Dictatorships (1943–1946)
3022:
3000:
2953:Herrera de Noble, Ernestina (2010).
1662:
1660:
1658:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1159:Yrigoyen had suggested to President
406:who would be shot and hanged in the
4072:List of heads of state of Argentina
2975:Yrigoyen gana con la nueva ley 1916
2595:reve biografía de Hipólito Yrigoyen
2394:
2052:. 12 September 2005. Archived from
1644:. Centro Editor de América Latina.
1207:1918 and 1920 legislative elections
1092:The Hipólito Yrigoyen–Pelagio Luna
13:
4153:20th-century Argentine politicians
4128:Argentine people of Basque descent
3992:Return to Democracy (1983–present)
3457:
2798:Los Mitos de la historia argentina
2456:
2220:
1867:
1772:
1742:
1726:
1712:
1523:. 10 November 2013. Archived from
1431:On 6 September 1930, Yrigoyen was
1413:
1404:
1262:
730:
21:Hipólito Yrigoyen (disambiguation)
14:
4169:
4143:University of Buenos Aires alumni
3042:
2946:Mentalidades argentinas 1860–1930
2877:The Oil Business in Latin America
2353:. 4 February 2017. Archived from
1655:
1588:
1560:. 29 October 2014. Archived from
1539:
1501:Perochena, Camila (4 July 2021).
1167:, from which his primary mentors
764:On 29 July 1893, the governor of
3216:
3183:Intransigent Radical Civic Union
3048:
2930:Ottawa Citizen, 9 September 1930
2920:
2907:
2882:
2869:
2840:
1640:Etchepareborda, Roberto (1983).
1222:History of Argentina (1916–1930)
278:
259:
4148:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery
4113:Radical Civic Union politicians
3958:National Reorganization Process
3226:Radical presidents of Argentina
2937:
2829:
2818:
2807:
2787:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2684:
2657:
2648:
2639:
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2588:
2577:
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2516:
2507:
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2369:
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2317:
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2269:
2244:
2211:
2202:
2193:
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2171:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1901:
1888:
1879:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1763:
1754:
1703:
1694:
1669:
1603:"Yrigoyen, un hombre de pueblo"
1393:President for the second time.
1072:1916 Argentine General Election
503:" interchangeably. The use of "
4029:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
2944:Amuchástegui, Antonio (1972).
2849:Breve Historia de la Argentina
2771:"Historia Electoral Argentina"
2325:"Un promotor de la democracia"
2314:Herrera de Noble, 2011a, pp. 7
2003:Herrera de Noble, 2010, p. 12.
1783:Herrera de Noble, 2010, p. 16.
1723:Herrera de Noble, 2010, p. 11.
1634:
1625:
1513:
1494:
1480:
1385:History of Argentina (1916–30)
1283:When the war began, President
1066:Presidential elections of 1916
900:in its 11 February 1905 issue.
566:Federalization of Buenos Aires
1:
4123:Politicians from Buenos Aires
1681:tato-y-avellaneda.webnode.com
1631:Herrera de Noble, 2010, pg. 8
1473:
1272:. His policy was maintaining
515:(FORJA), recommended he use "
378:
45:
3507:Antonio González de Balcarce
3171:Related parties or alliances
2050:"Bernardo de Irigoyeb – Rev"
1915:(in Spanish). Archived from
1666:Herrera de Noble, 2010, p.10
1375:Second presidency, 1928–1930
1201:Democratic Progressive Party
927:Julio Argentino Pascual Roca
7:
3925:Return of Perón (1973–1976)
3482:Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
3065:20th Century Press Archives
2926:Associated Press Despatch.
2760:Felipe Pigna, 2006, p. 100.
2522:Romero, 1991, p. 166 y 167.
2190:Amuchástegui, 1972, p. 419.
1363:and the suppression of the
1347:
1216:First presidency, 1916–1922
602:Francisco Giner de los Ríos
312:[iˈpolitojɾiˈɣoʝen]
10:
4174:
3741:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear
3637:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
3455:
3239:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear
3027:. Editorial Sudamericana.
2853:Brief History of Argentina
2331:(in Spanish). 12 July 2002
2168:. Edhasa. Páginas 297–304.
1894:Del Mazo, Gabriel (1984).
1433:deposed in a military coup
1421:Standard Oil of New Jersey
1381:1930 Argentine coup d'état
1378:
1369:Argentine Patriotic League
1219:
1169:Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman
1069:
880:
734:
594:University of Buenos Aires
582:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
529:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear
18:
4052:
3991:
3955:
3924:
3916:Alejandro Agustín Lanusse
3893:
3867:
3841:
3819:
3788:
3754:
3718:
3650:
3617:
3554:
3530:
3512:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
3469:
3414:
3334:
3278:
3225:
3214:
3170:
3121:
3114:
3108:
3098:
3089:
3081:
3076:
2742:Luna, 1986, p. 259 y 260.
2413:argentinahistorica.com.ar
2381:argentinahistorica.com.ar
2101:Luna, 1986, p. 140 y 141.
2039:Luna, 1986, p. 112 y 113.
973:National Autonomist Party
969:National Party of Uruguay
845:challenged Yrigoyen to a
543:Hipólito Yrigoyen in 1893
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
491:The radical leader used "
472:
466:
453:
402:during the government of
297:
274:Hipólito Yrigoyen's voice
267:
255:
242:
231:
221:
207:
187:
182:
178:
168:
156:
144:
122:
110:
98:
86:
64:
57:
53:
37:
30:
4118:Leaders ousted by a coup
2915:The History of Argentina
1009:was replaced in 1912 by
992:Path to electoral reform
679:Civic Union of the Youth
600:Julián Sanz del Río and
4093:Presidents of Argentina
3811:Edelmiro Julián Farrell
3560:Argentine Confederation
3420:Independence War Period
3116:President of Argentina
2894:www.presidency.ucsb.edu
2802:Expropriando al Capital
2537:historiaybiografias.com
2164:Castro, Martín (2012).
1913:www.temperleyweb.com.ar
1855:Luna, 1986, p. 95 y 96.
1810:Luna, 1986, p. 54 y 55.
1585:Luna, 1986, p. 96 y 97.
925:, President Roca's son
217:Buenos Aires, Argentina
4067:President of Argentina
3859:Pedro Eugenio Aramburu
3844:Revolución Libertadora
3609:Juan Esteban Pedernera
3546:Vicente López y Planes
3502:Ignacio Álvarez Thomas
3487:Carlos María de Alvear
3473:of the Río de la Plata
3463:
3342:Revolution of the Park
3092:President of Argentina
2696:www.todo-argentina.net
2513:Del Mazo, 1984, p. 52.
2438:www.todo-argentina.net
2281:www.todo-argentina.net
2199:Sáenz (1988): p 49-57.
1735:Gott, Richard (2002).
1441:Argentine constitution
1156:
1149:
1062:
901:
833:
793:
759:President of Argentina
750:
688:Revolution of the Park
673:
622:
544:
535:Early political career
459:
418:
308:Spanish pronunciation:
59:President of Argentina
4062:Politics of Argentina
3973:Roberto Eduardo Viola
3911:Roberto M. Levingston
3710:Victorino de la Plaza
3700:José Figueroa Alcorta
3685:José Evaristo Uriburu
3619:National Organization
3599:Justo José de Urquiza
3461:
3425:Asamblea del Año XIII
3085:Victorino de la Plaza
2751:Moreno, 1991, p. 159.
1285:Victorino de la Plaza
1177:federal interventions
1154:
1137:
1060:
1038:Victorino de la Plaza
923:José Figueroa Alcorta
894:
831:
791:
744:
704:Unión Civica Radical,
667:
614:
542:
416:
345:1916 general election
163:Victorino de la Plaza
4138:Argentine Freemasons
4014:Adolfo Rodríguez Saá
3937:Raúl Alberto Lastiri
3896:Revolución Argentina
3885:Arturo Umberto Illia
3690:Julio Argentino Roca
3670:Miguel Juárez Celman
3665:Julio Argentino Roca
3594:Juan Manuel de Rosas
3574:Juan Manuel de Rosas
3541:Bernardino Rivadavia
3257:Arturo Umberto Illia
3208:Juntos por el Cambio
3111:Marcelo T. de Alvear
3102:Marcelo T. de Alvear
3057:at Wikimedia Commons
3023:Luna, Félix (1999).
2879:. Beard Books, 2001.
2783:on 14 November 2012.
2056:on 12 September 2005
1468:La Recoleta Cemetery
1464:Martín García Island
1458:Later life and death
1448:Enrique Pérez Colman
1341:international market
1252:federal intervention
1173:Julio Argentino Roca
1122:Palace of Government
1110:Legislative Assembly
1034:Marcelo T. de Alvear
1011:federal intervention
843:Lisandro de la Torre
799:federal intervention
696:National Civic Union
692:Miguel Juárez Celman
681:and forming the new
629:in the provinces of
615:Ruins of Las Flores
449:Bernardo de Irigoyen
442:Aristóbulo del Valle
404:Juan Manuel de Rosas
226:La Recoleta Cemetery
174:Marcelo T. de Alvear
105:Marcelo T. de Alvear
19:For other uses, see
4098:Argentine activists
3968:Jorge Rafael Videla
3932:Héctor José Cámpora
3906:Juan Carlos Onganía
3806:Pedro Pablo Ramírez
3775:Roberto María Ortiz
3770:Agustín Pedro Justo
3722:Radical Civic Union
3656:Oligarchic Republic
3589:Manuel Vicente Maza
3579:Juan Ramón Balcarce
3362:Trial of the Juntas
3326:Ramón Javier Mestre
3164:Radical Civic Union
2733:Luna, 1986, p. 255.
2724:Luna, 1986, p. 253.
2715:Luna, 1986, p. 252.
2504:Luna, 1986, p. 281.
2305:Luna, 1986, p. 205.
2241:Luna, 1986, p. 191.
2217:Luna, 1986, p. 188.
2208:Luna, 1986, p. 187.
2155:Luna, 1986, p. 157.
2146:Luna, 1986, p. 151.
2137:Luna, 1986, p. 148.
2128:Luna, 1986, p. 147.
2119:Luna, 1986, p. 142.
2110:Luna, 1986, p. 141.
2092:Luna, 1986, p. 139.
2083:Luna, 1986, p. 138.
2074:Luna, 1986, p. 134.
2030:Luna, 1986, p. 113.
2021:Luna, 1986, p. 114.
1979:www.acciontv.com.ar
1955:Luna, 1986, p. 107.
1946:Luna, 1986, p. 106.
1937:Luna, 1986, p. 105.
1885:Luna, 1986, p. 103.
1876:Luna, 1986, p. 104.
1846:Luna, 1986, p. 102.
1837:Luna, 1986, p. 101.
1527:on 10 November 2013
1165:League of Governors
1141:President of France
1102:Chamber of Deputies
931:Santiago del Estero
700:Radical Civic Union
588:as a result of the
478:Spanish orthography
398:), a member of the
317:Radical Civic Union
288:Recorded c. 1928-30
236:Radical Civic Union
4009:Fernando de la Rúa
3942:Juan Domingo Perón
3833:Juan Domingo Perón
3765:José Félix Uriburu
3642:Nicolás Avellaneda
3623:Argentine Republic
3584:Juan José Viamonte
3532:Unitarian Republic
3522:Juan Pedro Aguirre
3492:Juan José Viamonte
3464:
3449:Second Triumvirate
3352:Revolution of 1905
3347:Revolution of 1893
3269:Fernando de la Rúa
3125:José Félix Uriburu
3077:Political offices
2825:ANNUAL REVIEW 1930
2357:on 4 February 2017
2229:Luna, 1986, p. 189
2012:Luna, 1986, p. 45.
1964:Luna, 1999, p. 79.
1864:Luna, 1986, p. 96.
1828:Luna, 1986, p. 95.
1819:Luna, 1986, p. 63.
1792:Luna, 1999, p. 23.
1769:Luna, 1986, p. 58.
1760:Luna, 1986, p. 59.
1751:Luna, 1986, p. 57.
1709:Luna, 1986, p. 55.
1700:Luna, 1986, p. 54.
1564:on 29 October 2014
1437:José Félix Uriburu
1339:The prices on the
1289:Caja de conversión
1157:
1079:Juan Domingo Perón
1063:
1026:José Camilo Crotto
902:
883:Revolution of 1905
877:Revolution of 1905
834:
794:
753:On 10 April 1892,
751:
737:Revolution of 1893
674:
623:
590:Revolution of 1905
545:
419:
369:division of powers
329:standard of living
117:José Félix Uriburu
4080:
4079:
4039:Alberto Fernández
3978:Leopoldo Galtieri
3826:terms (1946–1955)
3791:Revolution of '43
3746:Hipólito Yrigoyen
3736:Hipólito Yrigoyen
3675:Carlos Pellegrini
3652:Generation of '80
3462:Flag of Argentina
3444:First Triumvirate
3370:
3369:
3245:Hipólito Yrigoyen
3233:Hipólito Yrigoyen
3131:
3130:
3122:Succeeded by
3099:Succeeded by
3055:Hipólito Yrigoyen
3053:Media related to
2995:978-987-07-1389-0
2984:978-987-07-1392-0
2964:978-987-07-0844-5
2955:Hipólito Yrigoyen
2913:Daniel K. Lewis.
2444:on 14 August 2018
1365:Patagonia Rebelde
1315:instruments, and
1295:and to prevent a
977:Carlos Pellegrini
778:Marcelo T. Alvear
721:Carlos Pellegrini
574:National Congress
531:'s sectors used.
521:" as opposed to "
486:⟨I⟩
482:⟨Y⟩
385:Battle of Caseros
363:regime". For the
301:
300:
283:
32:Hipólito Yrigoyen
4165:
4057:Portal:Argentina
3983:Reynaldo Bignone
3880:José María Guido
3705:Roque Sáenz Peña
3397:
3390:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3321:Ricardo Alfonsín
3311:Rodolfo Terragno
3291:Arturo Jauretche
3220:
3198:Broad Front UNEN
3157:
3150:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3109:Preceded by
3082:Preceded by
3074:
3073:
3052:
3038:
3019:
2988:
2968:
2949:
2931:
2924:
2918:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2886:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2844:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2775:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2476:
2470:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2440:. Archived from
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2405:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2283:. Archived from
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2256:www.telam.com.ar
2248:
2242:
2239:
2230:
2227:
2218:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1985:on 12 March 2014
1981:. Archived from
1971:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1905:
1899:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1740:
1733:
1724:
1721:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1653:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1609:. Archived from
1599:
1586:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1554:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1161:Figueroa Alcorta
985:Roque Sáenz Peña
725:Roque Sáenz Peña
717:religious crisis
526:
520:
514:
508:
502:
496:
487:
483:
475:
469:
462:
456:
349:1930 coup d'etat
314:
309:
285:
284:
263:
214:
197:
195:
183:Personal details
171:
159:
147:
140:
138:
134:
127:
113:
101:
93:Enrique Martínez
89:
82:
80:
76:
69:
47:
42:
28:
27:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4048:
4024:Néstor Kirchner
4019:Eduardo Duhalde
3987:
3951:
3920:
3889:
3875:Arturo Frondizi
3863:
3854:Eduardo Lonardi
3837:
3815:
3784:
3756:Infamous Decade
3750:
3714:
3695:Manuel Quintana
3680:Luis Sáenz Peña
3646:
3632:Bartolomé Mitre
3613:
3604:Santiago Derqui
3550:
3526:
3472:
3465:
3453:
3422:
3410:
3401:
3371:
3366:
3330:
3306:Eduardo Angeloz
3286:Leandro N. Alem
3274:
3251:Arturo Frondizi
3221:
3212:
3166:
3161:
3127:
3118:
3112:
3104:
3095:
3087:
3045:
3035:
3016:
3008:. Hyspamerica.
2985:
2965:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2925:
2921:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2673:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2407:
2406:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2287:on 17 July 2018
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1919:on 14 June 2011
1907:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1656:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1613:on 15 July 2013
1601:
1600:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1460:
1435:led by General
1416:
1414:Fall From Power
1407:
1405:Domestic Policy
1387:
1377:
1350:
1321:public spending
1297:capital outflow
1265:
1263:Economic policy
1241:1916 occupation
1224:
1218:
1209:
1197:Socialist Party
1145:King of England
1074:
1068:
1052:Avenida de Mayo
1003:Socialist Party
994:
954:to a prison in
898:Caras y Caretas
885:
879:
814:Manuel Quintana
782:Lomas de Zamora
755:Luis Sáenz Peña
739:
733:
731:Armed rebellion
586:Manuel Quintana
553:Bartolomé Mitre
537:
485:
481:
396:Leandro N. Alem
381:
331:of Argentina's
307:
293:
292:
291:
290:
289:
286:
279:
276:
244:
243:Other political
232:Political party
216:
212:
199:
193:
191:
169:
157:
145:
136:
132:
130:
128:
123:
111:
99:
87:
78:
74:
72:
70:
65:
49:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4171:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4034:Mauricio Macri
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3780:Ramón Castillo
3777:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3569:Manuel Dorrego
3565:
3563:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3416:May Revolution
3412:
3411:
3404:Heads of state
3400:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3357:1916–30 period
3354:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3301:Ricardo Balbín
3298:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3279:Other Radicals
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3097:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3058:
3044:
3043:External links
3041:
3040:
3039:
3033:
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1398:Herbert Hoover
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1070:Main article:
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999:Sáenz Peña Law
993:
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881:Main article:
878:
875:
735:Main article:
732:
729:
712:Plaza Congreso
668:Plaque in the
647:General Alvear
536:
533:
484:for uppercase
380:
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322:Sáenz Peña Law
299:
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215:(aged 80)
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3999:Raúl Alfonsín
3997:
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3801:Arturo Rawson
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3727:secret ballot
3725:terms, after
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3434:Primera Junta
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3263:Raúl Alfonsín
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3188:Franja Morada
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3034:950-07-1522-8
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3015:950-614-361-7
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2875:Wirth, John.
2872:
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2862:9789875022447
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2486:. 5 July 2014
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1322:
1318:
1317:external debt
1314:
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1301:gold standard
1298:
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1293:Baring crisis
1290:
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1047:Leopoldo Meto
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1023:
1022:Vicente Gallo
1019:
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871:Julio A. Roca
868:
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863:bernardistas,
860:
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583:
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570:Julio A. Roca
567:
562:
556:
554:
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549:Adolfo Alsina
541:
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415:
411:
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408:Plaza de Mayo
405:
401:
397:
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392:Basque-French
388:
386:
376:
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370:
366:
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358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
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334:
333:working class
330:
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305:
296:
275:
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222:Resting place
220:
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97:
94:
91:
85:
68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
4044:Javier Milei
4004:Carlos Menem
3956:
3947:Isabel Perón
3894:
3842:
3821:
3789:
3745:
3735:
3720:
3655:
3618:
3531:
3517:José Rondeau
3497:José Rondeau
3439:Junta Grande
3296:Ernesto Sanz
3244:
3232:
3115:
3090:
3024:
3005:
2974:
2954:
2945:
2938:Bibliography
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2893:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2831:
2820:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2794:Felipe Pigna
2789:
2778:the original
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2695:
2686:
2674:. Retrieved
2672:(in Spanish)
2669:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2630:
2621:
2610:
2601:
2590:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2483:
2474:
2466:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:the original
2437:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2412:
2384:. Retrieved
2380:
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2355:the original
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2285:the original
2280:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2255:
2246:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1983:the original
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1917:the original
1912:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1881:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1788:
1765:
1756:
1736:
1705:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1680:
1671:
1641:
1636:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:the original
1606:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1529:. Retrieved
1525:the original
1515:
1506:
1496:
1482:
1461:
1452:
1445:coup d'état,
1444:
1443:. After the
1430:
1417:
1408:
1395:
1388:
1355:La Forestral
1354:
1351:
1338:
1328:
1282:
1278:war industry
1266:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1229:Central Bank
1225:
1210:
1193:
1189:
1158:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1091:
1087:
1075:
1043:
1030:Pelagio Luna
1017:
1015:
995:
982:
960:
951:
946:
907:Bahía Blanca
903:
897:
886:
866:
862:
858:
856:
852:
835:
807:
795:
763:
757:was elected
752:
746:
709:
703:
675:
670:Constitución
659:
654:
650:
631:Buenos Aires
624:
616:
578:
557:
546:
490:
446:
439:
435:
420:
389:
382:
365:ruling party
361:conservative
343:Between the
342:
326:
303:
302:
245:affiliations
213:(1933-07-03)
201:Buenos Aires
198:12 July 1852
170:Succeeded by
151:Pelagio Luna
124:
112:Succeeded by
66:
25:
4108:1933 deaths
4103:1852 births
3758:(1930–1943)
3729:(1916–1930)
3658:(1880–1916)
3625:(1862–1880)
3562:(1827–1862)
3475:(1814–1820)
3427:(1810–1814)
3316:Julio Cobos
3271:(1999-2003)
3265:(1983-1989)
3259:(1963-1969)
3253:(1958-1963)
3247:(1928-1934)
3241:(1922-1928)
3235:(1916-1922)
3178:Civic Union
3002:Luna, Félix
1361:Tragic Week
1325:arbitration
1270:World War I
1114:Casa Rosada
1098:Ángel Rojas
964:exonerating
803:coup d'état
747:Don Quijote
683:Civic Union
606:Karl Krause
431:Freemasonry
353:Personalist
338:nationalist
251:(1890–1891)
249:Civic Union
238:(1891–1933)
211:3 July 1933
203:, Argentina
158:Preceded by
100:Preceded by
4087:Categories
3335:Key events
3119:1928–1930
3096:1916–1922
1474:References
1379:See also:
1334:yerba mate
1274:neutrality
1220:See also:
1181:Corrientes
1175:came. The
1018:Casa Suiza
947:Santa Cruz
819:Montevideo
643:Las Flores
379:Early life
357:oligarchic
194:1852-07-12
137:1922-10-11
133:1916-10-12
79:1930-09-06
75:1928-10-12
3408:Argentina
3203:Cambiemos
2670:La Nación
2329:La Nación
1898:. Suquía.
1507:La Nación
1104:; in the
867:mitristas
859:mitristas
774:Temperley
627:estancias
598:Krausists
561:Balvanera
527:", which
460:Hirigoien
454:Hirigoyen
423:Balvanera
256:Signature
125:In office
67:In office
44:Yrigoyen
3823:Peronist
3006:Yrigoyen
3004:(1986).
2989:(Series
2899:23 April
1642:Yrigoyen
1357:massacre
1348:Violence
1199:and the
1185:San Luis
1133:La Época
1118:Congress
1007:Santa Fe
935:La Plata
839:caudillo
810:La Plata
766:San Luis
639:San Luis
618:estancia
524:Irigoyen
518:Yrigoyen
506:Yrigoyen
500:Irigoyen
494:Yrigoyen
473:Irigoyen
467:Yrigoyen
444:shared.
373:Congress
347:and the
135: –
77: –
3067:of the
3063:in the
2701:17 June
2676:17 June
2542:17 June
2490:17 June
2467:Prismas
2448:17 June
2418:17 June
2386:17 June
2361:17 June
2335:17 June
2291:17 June
2261:17 June
2060:15 June
1989:15 June
1923:15 June
1686:15 June
1617:15 June
1568:15 June
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