Nationalism - Knowledge

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their desired objectives can be achieved through the positive outcome of another war. It is linked with irredentism, the conception that a part of the cultural and ethnic nation remains "unredeemed" outside the borders of its appropriate nation state. Revanchist politics often rely on the identification of a nation with a nation state, often mobilizing deep-rooted sentiments of ethnic nationalism, claiming territories outside the state where members of the ethnic group live, while using heavy-handed nationalism to mobilize support for these aims. Revanchist justifications are often presented as based on ancient or even autochthonous occupation of a territory since "time immemorial", an assertion that is usually inextricably involved in revanchism and irredentism, justifying them in the eyes of their proponents.

2439: 4064: 1797: 2272: 2341: 5538:. While nationalism unquestionably helped overcome collective action problems within state borders during the pandemic, it has undermined them at the global scale. The most clear example being been the abject failure of international organizations to coordinate an appropriate response. As they put it, "During the pandemic, a nationalist human calculus has prevailed. Solidarity has been extended to co-nationals but has been less forthcoming beyond that point. All states have responded by turning inward. Border closures have been at the heart of mitigation efforts from the very beginning, and lockdowns legitimated and often enforced through national and patriotic discourses." 4812: 4459: 1987: 3501:

been collaborating with the colonial powers. Nationalistic organizations began to challenge both the traditional and the new colonial structures and finally displaced them. Leaders of nationalist movements took control when the European authorities exited; many ruled for decades or until they died off. These structures included political, educational, religious, and other social organizations. In recent decades, many African countries have undergone the triumph and defeat of nationalistic fervor, changing in the process the loci of the centralizing state power and patrimonial state.

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sees history, especially contemporary history, as the endless rise and decline of great power units and every event that happens seems to him a demonstration that his own side is on the upgrade and some hated rival is on the downgrade. But finally, it is important not to confuse nationalism with mere worship of success. The nationalist does not go on the principle of simply ganging up with the strongest side. On the contrary, having picked his side, he persuades himself that it is the strongest and is able to stick to his belief even when the facts are overwhelmingly against him.

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cross adjacent territories: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia had no group with a majority; Muslim, Serb, Croat, and Yugoslavs stopped leadership from advancing here as well. Political organizations were not able to deal successfully with such diverse nationalisms. Within the territories, leaderships would not compromise. To do so would create a winner in one ethnic group and a loser in another and raise the possibility of a serious conflict. That strengthened the political stance promoting ethnic identities and caused intense and divided political leadership within Yugoslavia.

3466: 4951:, radical extremism, and aggressive-expansionist militarism. The term Integral Nationalism often overlaps with fascism, although many natural points of disagreement exist. Integral nationalism arises in countries where a strong military ethos has become entrenched through the independence struggle, when, once independence is achieved, it is believed that a strong military is required to ensure the security and viability of the new state. Also, the success of such a liberation struggle results in feelings of national superiority that may lead to extreme nationalism. 4283:

repression that was necessary to maintain shared views. Durkheim identified organic solidarity-based societies as modern societies where there exists a division of labour based on social differentiation that causes alienation. Durkheim claimed that social integration in traditional society required authoritarian culture involving acceptance of a social order. Durkheim claimed that modern society bases integration on the mutual benefits of the division of labour, but noted that the impersonal character of modern urban life caused alienation and feelings of

4663:. Civic nationalism is correlated with long-established states whose dynastic rulers had gradually acquired multiple distinct territories, with little change to boundaries, but which contained historical populations of multiple linguistic and/or confessional backgrounds. Since individuals living within different parts of the state territory might have little obvious common ground, civic nationalism developed as a way for rulers to both explain a contemporary reason for such heterogeneity and to provide a common purpose ( 3847:, to increase Serb nationalism further. As mentioned, that nationalism gave rise to powerful emotions which grew the force of Serbian nationalism by highly nationalist demonstrations in Vojvodina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Kosovo. Serbian nationalism was so high that Slobodan Milošević ousted leaders in Vojvodina and Montenegro, repressed Albanians within Kosovo and eventually controlled four of the eight regions/territories. Slovenia, one of the four regions not under communist control, favoured a democratic state. 2822: 1589: 1961:

more clear than ever a threat to the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, which were essentially multi-national. European culture had been enriched by the new vernacular contributions of little-known or forgotten peoples, but at the same time such unity as it had was imperiled by fragmentation. Moreover, the antagonisms fostered by nationalism had made not only for wars, insurrections, and local hatreds—they had accentuated or created new spiritual divisions in a nominally Christian Europe.

1580:). In practice, nationalism is seen as positive or negative depending on its ideology and outcomes. Nationalism has been a feature of movements for freedom and justice, has been associated with cultural revivals, and encourages pride in national achievements. It has also been used to legitimize racial, ethnic, and religious divisions, suppress or attack minorities, undermine human rights and democratic traditions, and start wars, being frequently cited as a cause of both World Wars. 5510:

television and other media has generated revenues from advertisers and subscribers in the billions of dollars, as the FIFA Scandals of 2015 revealed. Jeff Kingston looks at football, the Commonwealth Games, baseball, cricket, and the Olympics and finds that, "The capacity of sports to ignite and amplify nationalist passions and prejudices is as extraordinary as is their power to console, unify, uplift and generate goodwill." The phenomenon is evident across most of the world. The

4985: 3038: 3069:. He instead endorsed the Piast Concept, which justified a massive shift of Poland's frontiers to the west. After 1945 the Soviet-back puppet communist regime wholeheartedly adopted the Piast Concept, making it the centerpiece of their claim to be the "true inheritors of Polish nationalism". After all the killings, including Nazi German occupation, terror in Poland and population transfers during and after the war, the nation was officially declared as 99% ethnically Polish. 3828: 2200: 4679: 1350: 744: 3863:

Bosnian War. All three major ethnicities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian Muslims, Croats, Serbs) suffered at the hands of each other. The war garnered assistance from groups, Muslim, Orthodox, and Western Christian, and from state actors, which supplied all sides; Saudi Arabia and Iran supported Bosnia; Russia supported Serbia; Central European and the West, including the US, supported Croatia; and the Pope supported Slovenia and Croatia.

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that would then give Kosovo encouragement to become independent from Serbia. Albanians in Kosovo were already practically independent from Kosovo, but Serbia did not want to let Kosovo become independent. Albanian nationalists wanted their own territory, but that would require a redrawing of the map and threaten neighboring territories. When communism fell in Yugoslavia, serious conflict arose, which led to the rise in extreme nationalism.

3696: 3634: 3593: 2751: 1692:(1744–1803) originated the term in 1772 in his "Treatise on the Origin of Language" stressing the role of a common language. He attached exceptional importance to the concepts of nationality and of patriotism – "he that has lost his patriotic spirit has lost himself and the whole world about himself", whilst teaching that "in a certain sense every human perfection is national". 4495:

identities may cross pre-existing ethnic or linguistic divisions. Anti-colonial independence movements in Africa and Asia in the 1900s were led by individuals who had a set of shared identities and imagined a homeland without external rule. Anderson argues that the racism often experienced as a result of colonial rule and attributed to nationalism is rather due to theories of class.

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Croatia and Slovenia, was several times higher than that of the southern territory. That, combined with escalating violence from ethnic Albanians and Serbs in Kosovo, intensified economic conditions. The violence greatly contributed to the rise of extreme nationalism of Serbs in Serbia and the rest of Yugoslavia. The ongoing conflict in Kosovo was propagandized by a communist Serb,

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contributes to anti-colonial nationalism, if one conceives of anti-colonial movements to be movements consisting of one specific ethnic group against an outside ruling party. Edward Said also saw nationalism as ethnic, at least in part, and argued that nationalist narratives often go hand in hand with racism, as communities define themselves in relation to the other.

2647:, the social, political and ideological movement that tried to shape a Spanish national identity based on the Castilian model, in conflict with the other historical nations of the State. Politicians of the time were aware that despite the aggressive policies pursued up to that time, the uniform and monocultural "Spanish nation" did not exist, as indicated in 1835 by 4208:

language understood by a community of people. Modernist theorists note that this is only possible in modern societies, while traditional societies typically lack the prerequisites for nationalism. They lack a modern self-sustainable economy, have divided authorities, and use multiple languages resulting in many groups being unable to communicate with each other.

4671:(1882) as a voluntary partnership for a common endeavor). Renan argued that factors such as ethnicity, language, religion, economics, geography, ruling dynasty and historic military deeds were important but not sufficient. Needed was a spiritual soul that allowed as a "daily referendum" among the people. Civic-national ideals influenced the development of 2241:

Spain. These juntas were established as a result of Napoleon's resistance failure in Spain. They served to determine new leadership and, in colonies like Caracas, abolished the slave trade as well as the Indian tribute. The division exploded between Spaniards who were born in Spain (called "peninsulares") versus those of Spanish descent born in

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reference of their lives from the kingdom of God and the brotherhood of mankind to these apparently more living realities, France and England, Holy Russia, Spain, Prussia.... **** In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the general population of Europe was religious and only vaguely patriotic; by the nineteenth it had become wholly patriotic.

4890:: the nation fulfils the masculine ideals of comradeship and brotherhood. Masculinity has been cited as a notable factor in producing political militancy. A common feature of national crisis is a drastic shift in the socially acceptable ways of being a man, which then helps to shape the gendered perception of the nation as a whole. 5577:. Much of the early opposition to nationalism was related to its geopolitical ideal of a separate state for every nation. The classic nationalist movements of the 19th century rejected the very existence of the multi-ethnic empires in Europe, contrary to an ideological critique of nationalism which developed into several forms of 1820:, where British people began to mobilize on a state-wide scale, rather than just in the smaller units of their province, town or family. The early emergence of a popular patriotic nationalism took place in the mid-18th century and was actively promoted by the British government and by the writers and intellectuals of the time. 2337:

core of his message was the need for a strong, unified state—a unified Germany under Prussian supervision. "It is the highest duty of the State to increase its power," he stated. Although he was a descendant of a Czech family, he considered himself not Slavic but German: "I am 1000 times more the patriot than a professor."

2675:"There is an intimate and decisive dualism, both in Italian fascism and in German National Socialism. On the one hand, the Hegelian doctrine of the absolutism of the state is felt. The State originates in the Nation, educates and shapes the mentality of the individual; is, in Mussolini's words, the soul of the soul." 2544:, an alliance with Hitler's Germany, and humiliation and hardship in the Second World War. After 1945, the Catholics returned to government and tensions eased somewhat, but the former two Sicilies remained poor and partially underdeveloped (by industrial country standards). In the 1950s and early 1960s, Italy had an 5476: 3786:

Governments would become vehicles for social interests, and the country would attempt to form national policies based on the majority culture, religion or ethnicity. Some newly sprouted democracies had large differences in policies on matters, which ranged from immigration and human rights to trade and commerce.

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real or imagined situations in combination with immediate situations that make individuals confront a common situation of both subjective and objective components that affect their decisions. As such proximate environments cause people to make decisions based on existing situations and anticipated situations.

3130:("History of the Slav-Bulgarians"), which appeared in 1762, was the first work of Bulgarian historiography. It is considered Paisius' greatest work and one of the greatest pieces of Bulgarian literature. In it, Paisius interpreted Bulgarian medieval history with the goal of reviving the spirit of his nation. 4604:

ability to assimilate with the nation due to its belonging to a cross-border community (Irish Catholics in Britain, Ashkenazic Jews in France). On the other hand, while subnational separatist movements were commonly associated with ethnic nationalism, this was not always so, and such nationalists as the

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not only shapes what masculine and feminine participation in the building of that nation will look like, but also how the nation will be imagined by nationalists. A nation having its own identity is viewed as necessary, and often inevitable, and these identities are gendered. The physical land itself

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often rejected the liberal, national unitary state, yet identified themselves not with an ethnic nation but with a non-national dynasty and regional feudal privileges. Xenophobic movements in long-established Western European states indeed often took a 'civic national' form, rejecting a given group's

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Philosopher and scholar Achille Mbembe argues that post-colonialism is a contradictory term, because colonialism is ever present. Those that participate in this intellectual practice envision a post-colonialism despite its being the defining frame for the world. This is the case with anti-colonialism

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as the site that originally conceived of nationalism as a concept, which is defined by its imagination of an ahistorical identity that negates colonialism by definition. This concept of nationalism was exemplified by the transformation of settler colonies into nations, while anti-colonial nationalism

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expanded upon Tönnies' recognition of alienation and defined the differences between traditional and modern societies as being between societies based upon "mechanical solidarity" versus societies based on "organic solidarity". Durkheim identified mechanical solidarity as involving custom, habit, and

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noted that the key distinction between traditional societies defined as "status" societies based on family association and functionally diffuse roles for individuals and modern societies defined as "contract" societies where social relations are determined by rational contracts pursued by individuals

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In Slovenia, fear was mounting because Milošević would use the militia to suppress the country, as had occurred in Kosovo. Half of Yugoslavia wanted to be democratic, the other wanted a new nationalist authoritarian regime. In fall of 1989, tensions came to a head, and Slovenia asserted its political

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in the 1990s. That left many people with no identity. The people under communist rule had to integrate, but they now found themselves free to choose. That made long-dormant conflicts rise and create sources of serious conflict. When communism fell in Yugoslavia, serious conflict arose, which led to a

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rom this moment I will destroy the old and build the new, and fight for the self-determination of the people, and will apply all my strength to the support of the Chinese Republic and the realization of democracy through the Three Principles, ... for the progress of good government, the happiness and

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instead had various religious reasonings for returning to Israel. Although according to historian David Engel, Zionism was more about fear that Jews would end up dispersed and unprotected, rather than fulfilling old prophecies of historical texts. The efforts of the Zionist movement culminated in the

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of early 19th century often assimilated into the dominant culture. Both assimilation and the traditional second-class status of Jews were considered as threats to the Jewish identity by Jewish nationalists. The method of combatting these threats were different among different national movements among

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pursued policies whose openly aggressive character would not be equaled until the days of the Fascist regime. Crispi increased military expenditure, talked cheerfully of a European conflagration, and alarmed his German or British friends with these suggestions of preventative attacks on his enemies.

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modification of the human race, and the eradication of human beings that they deemed inferior. But their goals were trans-national and intended to spread across as much of the world as they could achieve. Although Nazism glorified German history, it also embraced the supposed virtues and achievements

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who achieved German unification through a series of highly successful short wars against Denmark, Austria and France which thrilled the pan-German nationalists in the smaller German states. They fought in his wars and eagerly joined the new German Empire, which Bismarck ran as a force for balance and

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A nationalist is one who thinks solely, or mainly, in terms of competitive prestige. He may be a positive or a negative nationalist—that is, he may use his mental energy either in boosting or in denigrating—but at any rate his thoughts always turn on victories, defeats, triumphs and humiliations. He

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Sport spectacles like football's World Cup command worldwide audiences as nations battle for supremacy and the fans invest intense support for their national team. Increasingly people have tied their loyalties and even their cultural identity to national teams. The globalization of audiences through

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Creole nationalism is the ideology that emerged in independence movements among the creoles (descendants of the colonizers), especially in Latin America in the early 19th century. It was facilitated when French Emperor Napoleon seized control of Spain and Portugal, breaking the chain of control from

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Because of colonialism's creation of state and country lines across ethnic, religious, linguistic and other historical boundaries, anti-colonial nationalism is largely related to land first. After independence, especially in countries with particularly diverse populations with historic enmity, there

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Henceforth, until the enemies have been driven from the territory of the Republic, all the French are in permanent requisition for army service. The young men shall go to battle; the married men shall forge arms in the hospitals; the children shall turn old linen to lint; the old men shall repair to

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revolutions massively augmented the widespread appeal of patriotic nationalism. Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power further established nationalism when he invaded much of Europe. Napoleon used this opportunity to spread revolutionary ideas, resulting in much of the 19th-century European Nationalism.

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History, political ideologies, and religions place most nations along a continuum of muscular nationalism. Muscular nationalism conceptualizes a nation's identity as being derived from muscular or masculine attributes that are unique to a particular country. If definitions of nationalism and gender

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The humiliation of being a second-class citizen led regional minorities in multiethnic states, such as Great Britain, Spain, France, Germany, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, to define nationalism in terms of loyalty to their minority culture, especially language and religion. Forced assimilation was

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Civic nationalism defines the nation as an association of people who identify themselves as belonging to the nation, who have equal and shared political rights, and allegiance to similar political procedures. According to the principles of civic nationalism, the nation is not based on common ethnic

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Approached through the primordialist perspective, the example of seeing the mobilization of a foreign military force on the nation's borders may provoke members of a national group to unify and mobilize themselves in response. There are proximate environments where individuals identify nonimmediate

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The primordialist perspective is based upon evolutionary theory. This approach has been popular with the general public but is typically rejected by experts. Laland and Brown report that "the vast majority of professional academics in the social sciences not only ... ignore evolutionary methods but

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claimed the change that developed modern society and nations is the result of the rise of a charismatic leader to power in a society who creates a new tradition or a rational-legal system that establishes the supreme authority of the state. Weber's conception of charismatic authority has been noted

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The sociological or modernist interpretation of nationalism and nation-building argues that nationalism arises and flourishes in modern societies that have an industrial economy capable of self-sustainability, a central supreme authority capable of maintaining authority and unity, and a centralized

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In the 1970s, the leadership of the separate territories in Yugoslavia protected only territorial interests, at the expense of other territories. In Croatia, there was almost a split within the territory between Serbs and Croats so that any political decision would kindle unrest, and tensions could

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Across Africa, nationalism drew upon the organizational skills that natives had learned in the British and French, and other armies during the world wars. It led to organizations that were not controlled by or endorsed by either the colonial powers or the traditional local power structures that had

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in France 1894–1906 made the battle against treason and disloyalty a central theme for conservative Catholic French nationalists. Dreyfus, a Jew, was an outsider, that is in the views of intense nationalists, not a true Frenchman, not one to be trusted, not one to be given the benefit of the doubt.

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which demands the return of lost territory that "belongs" to the national homeland. Revanchism draws its strength from patriotic and retributionist thought and it is often motivated by economic or geo-political factors. Extreme revanchist ideologues often represent a hawkish stance, suggesting that

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For the politically dominant cultural group, assimilation was necessary to minimize disloyalty and treason and therefore became a major component of nationalism. A second factor for the politically dominant group was competition with neighboring states—nationalism involved a rivalry, especially in

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reinterpreted Darwin's theory of natural selection "often in ways inconsistent with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution" by making unsupported claims of biological difference among groups, ethnicities, races, and nations. Modern evolutionary sciences have distanced themselves from such views, but

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posits that external threats can foster nationalist sentiment: "External threats have such a powerful effect on nationalism because people realize in a profound manner that they are under threat because of who they are as a nation; they are forced to recognize that it is only as a nation that they

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Also, within the territory, the Croats and the Serbs were in direct competition for control of government. Elections were held and increased potential conflicts between Serbian and Croat nationalism. Serbia wanted to be separate and to decide its own future based on its own ethnic composition, but

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The academic Steven Berg felt that the root of nationalist conflicts was the demand for autonomy and a separate existence. That nationalism can give rise to strong emotions, which may lead to a group fighting to survive, especially as after the fall of communism, political boundaries did not match

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more like Russia's. The collapse of the Russian Empire in the First World War enabled the major powers to re-establish an independent Poland, which survived until 1939. Meanwhile, Poles in areas controlled by Germany moved into heavy industry but their religion came under attack by Bismarck in the

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The most influential of the German nationalist historians, was Treitschke who had an enormous influence on elite students at Heidelberg and Berlin universities. Treitschke vehemently attacked parliamentarianism, socialism, pacifism, the English, the French, the Jews, and the internationalists. The

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Between 1830 and 1870 nationalism had thus made great strides. It inspired great literature, quickened scholarship, and nurtured heroes. It had shown its power both to unify and to divide. It had led to great achievements of political construction and consolidation in Germany and Italy; but it was

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identifies Herder as the first philosopher to explicitly suggest "that identities based on language should be regarded as the primary source of legitimate political authority or locus of political resistance". Herder also encouraged the creation of a common cultural and language policy amongst the

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Some nationalists exclude certain groups. Some nationalists, defining the national community in ethnic, linguistic, cultural, historic, or religious terms (or a combination of these), may then seek to deem certain minorities as not truly being a part of the 'national community' as they define it.

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who described "civic" nationalism as "Western" and more democratic while depicting "ethnic" nationalism as "Eastern" and undemocratic. Since the 1980s, scholars of nationalism have pointed out numerous flaws in this rigid division and proposed more specific classifications and numerous varieties.

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argued that "[while patriotism is as old as human association and has gradually widened its sphere from the clan and the tribe to the city and the state, nationalism as an operative principle and an articulate creed only made its appearance among the more complicated intellectual processes of the

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Adria Lawrence has argued that nationalism in the colonial world was spurred by failures of colonial powers to extend equal political rights to the subjects in the colonies, thus prompting them to pursue independence. Michael Hechter has argued similarly that "peripheral nationalisms" formed when

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In the 1980s, Yugoslavia began to break into fragments. Economic conditions within Yugoslavia were deteriorating. Conflict in the disputed territories was stimulated by the rise in mass nationalism and ethnic hostilities. The per capita income of people in the northwestern territory, encompassing

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proposed that the fall of communism would cause large numbers of people to search for unity and that small-scale wars would become common, as groups will attempt to redraw boundaries, identities, cultures and ideologies. The fall of communism also allowed for an "us vs. them" mentality to return.

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were independent). They ruled until after World War II when forces of nationalism grew much stronger. In the 1950s and the 1960s, colonial holdings became independent states. The process was usually peaceful but there were several long bitter bloody civil wars, as in Algeria, Kenya and elsewhere.

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commonalities across many nations; they are defined by the masculine notions of aggression, willingness to engage in war, decisiveness, and muscular strength, as opposed to the feminine notions of peacefulness, weakness, non-violence, and compassion. This masculinized image of a warrior has been

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The status of conquered nations can become a causality dilemma: the nation was "conquered because they were effeminate and seen as effeminate because they were conquered." In defeat they are considered militaristically unskilled, not aggressive, and thus not muscular. In order for a nation to be

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for the purpose of the exclusion of the so-called "other," who is used to reinforce the unifying ties of the nation. The empowerment of one gender, nation or sexuality tends to occur at the expense and disempowerment of another; in this way, nationalism can be used as an instrument to perpetuate

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Nationalism again gave rise to powerful emotions, which evoked, in some extreme cases, a willingness to die for what one believed, a fight for the survival of the group. The end of communism began a long period of conflict and war for the region. For six years, 200,000–500,000 people died in the

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Wherever one turns in Europe, their seminal position in generating and analysing the concepts, myths, symbols and ideology of nationalism is apparent. This applies to the first appearance of the core doctrine and to the antecedent concepts of national character, genius of the nation and national

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put the case for "nationalism as insanity" in 1862. He argued that nationalism suppresses minorities, places country above moral principles and creates a dangerous individual attachment to the state. He opposed democracy and tried to defend the pope from Italian nationalism. Since the late 20th

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he articulation of cultural evolutionary theory represents theoretical progress over sociobiology, but its explanatory payoff remains limited due to the role of contingency in human affairs and the significance of non-evolutionary, proximate causal factors. While evolutionary theory undoubtedly

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In August 1990, a warning to the region was issued when ethnically divided groups attempted to alter the government structure. The republic borders established by the Communist regime in the postwar period were extremely vulnerable to challenges from ethnic communities. Ethnic communities arose

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which were located there. Spain was at war with Britain from 1798 to 1808, and the British Royal Navy cut off its contacts with its colonies, so nationalism flourished and trade with Spain was suspended. The colonies set up temporary governments or juntas which were effectively independent from

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s the idea of Christianity as a world brotherhood of men sank into discredit because of its fatal entanglement with priestcraft and the Papacy on the one hand and with the authority of princes on the other, and the age of faith passed into our present age of doubt and disbelief, men shifted the

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propelled many intellectuals to "discover alternative principles and concepts, and a new mythology and symbolism, to legitimate and ground human thought and action". He discusses the simultaneous concept of 'historicism' to describe an emerging belief in the birth, growth, and decay of specific

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Nationalism is considered by its critics to be inherently divisive, as adherents may draw upon and highlight perceived differences between people, emphasizing an individual's identification with their own nation. They also consider the idea to be potentially oppressive, because it can submerge

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strongly emphasized sports among its soldiers and agents across the world, and often the locals joined in enthusiastically. It established a high prestige competition in 1930, named the British Empire Games from 1930 to 1950, the British Empire and Commonwealth Games from 1954 to 1966, British

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Nativist nationalism is a type of nationalism similar to creole or territorial types of nationalism, but which defines belonging to a nation solely by being born on its territory. In countries where strong nativist nationalism exists, people who were not born in the country are seen as lesser

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and economic independence from Yugoslavia and seceded. In January 1990, there was a total break with Serbia at the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, an institution that had been conceived by Milošević to strengthen unity and later became the backdrop for the fall of communism in Yugoslavia.

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Territorial nationalists assume that all inhabitants of a particular nation owe allegiance to their country of birth or adoption. A sacred quality is sought in the nation and in the popular memories it evokes. Citizenship is idealized by territorial nationalists. A criterion of a territorial

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Nationalist mobilization in French colonial Africa and British colonial India developed "when colonial regimes refused to cede rights to their increasingly well-educated colonial subjects", who formed indigenous elites and strategically adopted and adapted nationalist tactics. New national

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A distinct manifestation of Spanish nationalism in modern Spanish politics is the interchange of attacks with competing regional nationalisms. Initially present after the end of Francoism in a rather diffuse and reactive form, the Spanish nationalist discourse has been often self-branded as

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theory of nationalism argues that nationalism works for combining one culture or ethnicity in one state, which leads to that state's success. For Gellner, nationalism is ethnic, and state political parties should reflect the ethnic majority in the state. This definition of nationalism also

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Historians, sociologists and anthropologists have debated different types of nationalism since at least the 1930s. Generally, the most common way of classifying nationalism has been to describe movements as having either "civic" or "ethnic" nationalist characteristics. This distinction was

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Critics argue that primordial models relying on evolutionary psychology are based not on historical evidence but on assumptions of unobserved changes over thousands of years and assume stable genetic composition of the population living in a specific area and are incapable of handling the

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are often thought to be early liberal nationalists. Liberal nationalists often defend the value of national identity by saying that individuals need a national identity to lead meaningful, autonomous lives, and that liberal democratic polities need national identity to function properly.

4430:, as a result of people living together generation after generation"; and, in its entirety: "a nation is a historically constituted, stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, and psychological make-up manifested in a common culture." 5168:

A position developed in Europe during the 1990s, national-anarchist groups have seen arisen worldwide, most prominently in Australia (New Right Australia/New Zealand), Germany (International National Anarchism) and the United States (BANA). National-anarchism has been described as a

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elucidates the development of all organic life, it would seem to operate best at macro-levels of analysis, "distal" points of explanation, and from the perspective of the long-term. Hence, it is bound to display shortcomings at micro-level events that are highly contingent in nature.

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describes nations as artificial constructs, "their boundaries drawn in the blood of past wars". He argues that "there is no country on earth which is not home to more than one different but usually coexisting culture. Cultural heritage is not the same thing as national identity".

2323:(1834–1896). Droysen moved from liberalism to an intense nationalism that celebrated Prussian Protestantism, efficiency, progress, and reform, in striking contrast to Austrian Catholicism, impotency and backwardness. He idealized the Hohenzollern kings of Prussia. His large-scale 2687:"The modern history of Spain is an unfortunate history that meant that we did not consolidate a modern State. Independentists think that the nation makes the State. I think the opposite. The State makes the nation. A strong State, which imposes its language, culture, education." 10369:

In 2008, she made an unsuccessful run at the LDP's chairmanship. Following her defeat, she worked to build an internal party network and became involved in a revisionist group of lawmakers that serves as the mouthpiece of the ultraconservative Nippon Kaigi ("Japan Conference")

5271:". The few scholars who have studied national-anarchism conclude that it represents a further evolution in the thinking of the radical right rather than an entirely new dimension on the political spectrum. National-anarchism is considered by anarchists as being a rebranding of 2708:. The strong interface of nationalism with colonialism is another feature of 19th-century nation building in Spain, with the defence of slavery and colonialism in Cuba being often able to reconcile tensions between mainland elites of Catalonia and Madrid throughout the period. 3790:

ethnic boundaries. Serious conflicts often arose and escalated very easily, as individuals and groups acted upon their beliefs and caused death and destruction. When that happens, states unable to contain the conflict run the risk of slowing their progress at democratization.

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Critics of nationalism have argued that it is often unclear what constitutes a nation, or whether a nation is a legitimate unit of political rule. Nationalists hold that the boundaries of a nation and a state should coincide with one another, thus nationalism tends to oppose

2555:, and it looked to Moscow rather than Rome for inspiration and was kept out of the national government even as it controlled some industrial cities across the North. In the 21st century, the Communists have become marginal but political tensions remained high as shown by 3025:

a thousand years before, and modern Polish nationalists should restore its central values of Poland for the Poles. Jan Poplawski had developed the "Piast Concept" in the 1890s, and it formed the centerpiece of Polish nationalist ideology, especially as presented by the

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distinguishes nationalism from patriotism (which he defines as devotion to a particular place). More abstractly, nationalism is "power-hunger tempered by self-deception". For Orwell, the nationalist is more likely than not dominated by irrational negative impulses:

2053: 2520:

His policies were ruinous, both for Italy's trade with France, and, more humiliatingly, for colonial ambitions in East Africa. Crispi's lust for territory there was thwarted when on 1 March 1896, the armies of Ethiopian Emperor Menelik routed Italian forces at

4867:

theorized to be "the culmination of a series of gendered historical and social processes" played out in a national and international context. Ideas of cultural dualism—of a martial man and chaste woman—which are implicit in muscular nationalism, underline the

1625:

was also applied before 1800 in Europe in reference to the inhabitants of a country as well as to collective identities that could include shared history, law, language, political rights, religion and traditions, in a sense more akin to the modern conception.

2249:" in English). The two groups wrestled for power, with the criollos leading the call for independence. Spain tried to use its armies to fight back but had no help from European powers. Indeed, Britain and the United States worked against Spain, enforcing the 9933: 1776:

but even more for its impact on Germans and Italians and on European intellectuals. The template of nationalism, as a method for mobilizing public opinion around a new state based on popular sovereignty, went back further than 1789: philosophers such as

9797:

Koronaiou, Alexandra; Lagos, Evangelos; Sakellariou, Alexandros; Kymionis, Stelios; Chiotaki-Poulou, Irini (1 December 2015). "Golden Dawn, Austerity and Young People: The Rise of Fascist Extremism Among Young People in Contemporary Greek Society".

3855:

because they did not share the identity with everyone within the new post-communist borders, which threatened the new governments. The same disputes were erupting that were in place prior to Milošević and were compounded by actions from his regime.

3167:

Jewish nationalism arose in the latter half of the 19th century, largely as a response to the rise of nation-states. Traditionally Jews lived under uncertain and oppressive conditions. In western Europe, Jews not subject to such restrictions since

2310:

In the 19th century, German nationalism was promoted by Hegelian-oriented academic historians who saw Prussia as the true carrier of the German spirit, and the power of the state as the ultimate goal of nationalism. The three main historians were

2667:, it was the state that created the nation, and not the opposite process) is an ideal that the Spanish elites constantly reiterated, and, one hundred years later than Alcalá Galiano, for example, we can also find it in the mouth of the fascist 5522:

The French Empire was not far behind the British in the use of sports to strengthen colonial solidarity with France. Colonial officials promoted and subsidized gymnastics, table games, and dance and helped football spread to French colonies.

5432:

Religious nationalism is the relationship of nationalism to a particular religious belief, dogma, or affiliation where a shared religion can be seen to contribute to a sense of national unity, a common bond among the citizens of the nation.

10503: 9838: 4858:

considered "proper", it must possess the male-gendered characteristics of virility, as opposed to the stereotypically female characteristics of subservience and dependency. Muscular nationalism is often inseparable from the concept of a

4186:

can successfully defeat the threat". With increased external threats, the state's extractive capacities increase. He links the lack of external threats to countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, post-independence, to weak state nationalism and

2415:

in other countries, including India. The Nazis' Aryanism longed for now-extinct species of superior bulls once used as livestock by Aryans and other features of Aryan history that never resided within the borders of Germany as a nation.

1632:

as derived from the noun designating 'nations' is a newer word; in the English language, dating to around 1798. The term gained wider prominence in the 19th century. The term increasingly became negative in its connotations after 1914.

5367:

even if they became naturalized. It is cultural as people will never see a foreign-born person as one of them and is legal as such people are banned for life from holding certain jobs, especially government jobs. In scholarly studies,

4306:

The evolutionary theory of nationalism perceives nationalism to be the result of the evolution of human beings into identifying with groups, such as ethnic groups, or other groups that form the foundation of a nation. Roger Masters in

10199:... Nippon Kaigi Parts of the Japanese establishment have ties with a large far-right voluntary organization, Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), whose ranks include grassroots members across the nation as well as national and local ... 4194:

argues that nationalism increases the intensity of war, and that states deliberately promote nationalism with the aim of improving their military capabilities. Most new nation-states since 1815 have emerged through decolonization.

4113:

running a distinctly nationalist campaign. Contrary to the policies of his recent predecessors, he distanced the country from the Philippines' former ruler, the United States, and sought closer ties with China (as well as Russia).

10263:

Every year far-right nationalist groups – including Nippon Kaigi – private citizens and government officials visit the Yasukuni Shrine. Many wear uniforms or clothing linked to the Imperial Army and display the Japanese imperial

4829:

structures of power. The gendered manner in which dominant nationalism has been imagined in most states in the world has had important implications on not only individual's lived experience, but on international relations.

10321: 4125:. Reactions from world leaders were mixed, with Western European leaders generally expressing concern while the leaders of many of the more authoritarian regimes as well as President Trump offered their congratulations. 2747:" since the 1980s. Often ignored as in the case of other State nationalisms, its alleged "non-existence" has been a commonplace espoused by prominent figures in the public sphere as well as the mass-media in the country. 1945:

culminated with the ethnic/national revolutions of Europe. During the 19th century nationalism became one of the most significant political and social forces in history; it is typically listed among the top causes of

2599:

was the first step in the creation of the Spanish nation-state. As in other contemporary European states, political union was the first step in the creation of the Spanish nation-state, in this case not on a uniform

1644:

Academics define nationalism as a political principle that holds that the nation and state should be congruent. According to Lisa Weeden, nationalist ideology presumes that "the people" and the state are congruent.

3275:

by Japan in 1905, demonstrating the military advancement of non-Europeans in a modern war. The defeat quickly led to manifestations of a new interest in nationalism in China, as well as Turkey and Persia. In China

2478:

and ultimately proved a bit weak. The new government treated the newly annexed South as a kind of underdeveloped province due to its "backward" and poverty-stricken society, its poor grasp of standard Italian (as

9923: 2406:. Lebensraum was thus a vast project for advancing the Aryan race far outside of any particular nation or national borders. The Nazi's goals were racist focused on advancing the Aryan race as they perceived it, 7192: 4912:

There are different types of nationalism including Risorgimento nationalism and Integral nationalism. Whereas risorgimento nationalism applies to a nation seeking to establish a liberal state (for example the

3418:

from 1936 to his death in 1941. It advocated for the Third Hellenic Civilization, a culturally superior Greek civilization that would be the successor of the First and Second Greek civilizations, that were

4311:

describes the primordial explanation of the origin of ethnic and national groups as recognizing group attachments that are thought to be unique, emotional, intense, and durable because they are based upon

3325:, and blind adherence to tradition were the enemies. Intellectuals struggled with how to be strong and modern and yet Chinese, how to preserve China as a political entity in the world of competing nations. 4706:

the Spanish and Portuguese kings to the local governors. Allegiance to the Napoleonic states was rejected, and increasingly the creoles demanded independence. They achieved it after civil wars 1808–1826.

4137:

have theorized about the foundations of the modern nation-state and the concept of sovereignty. The concept of nationalism in political science draws from these theoretical foundations. Philosophers like

10591: 2019:

was a powerful motivating force for a quarter century after their defeat by Germany in 1871. After 1895, French nationalists focused on Dreyfus and internal subversion, and the Alsace issue petered out.

11808: 4086:, a businessman with no political experience who ran on a populist/nationalist platform and struggled to gain endorsements from mainstream political figures, even within his own party. Trump's slogans " 3534:, a movement toward liberating and empowering the Arab peoples of the Middle East, emerged during the late 19th century, inspired by other independence movements of the 18th and 19th centuries. As the 10652: 10233:

In 1997 nationalist intellectuals, politicians, and religious leaders formed the largest far-right advocacy group, Japan Conference (Nippon kaigi), formed as a result of the merger between the two ...

6572: 4098:

vote. On 22 October 2018, two weeks before the mid-term elections President Trump openly proclaimed that he was a nationalist to a cheering crowd at a rally in Texas in support of re-electing Senator

2779:

and failed Greek revolts against the Ottoman Empire (such as the Orlofika revolt in southern Greece in 1770, and the Epirus-Macedonian revolt of Northern Greece in 1575), Greek nationalism led to the

1685:

peoples and cultures, which became "increasingly attractive as a framework for inquiry into the past and present and an explanatory principle in elucidating the meaning of events, past and present".

11770: 4162:

provides the most commonly used definition of the state, "that human community which successfully lays claim to the monopoly of legitimate physical violence within a certain territory". According to

9834: 10499: 1621:

between Catholic and Protestant European nations, Grotius was deeply concerned with matters of conflicts between nations in the context of oppositions stemming from religious differences. The word

4094:" exemplified his campaign's repudiation of globalism and its staunchly nationalistic outlook. His unexpected victory in the election was seen as part of the same trend that had brought about the 12541: 5612:) produced political analyses that were critical of the nationalist movements then active in Central and Eastern Europe, although a variety of other contemporary socialists and communists, from 4808:

is often gendered as female (i.e. "Motherland"), with a body in constant danger of violation by foreign males, while national pride and protectiveness of "her" borders is gendered as masculine.

11513:

Both these approaches are shown to be within the framework of 'composite nationalism', where Indian Christians maintained their communal distinctiveness while aspiring for national integration.

10852: 8555:[The link to the Galeusca Manifest in article 3 denounces the asymmetry between Spanish and the other languages of the Estat Espanyol, including Catalan.] (in Catalan). Archived from 4351: 2524:

in what has been defined as an unparalleled disaster for a modern army. Crispi, whose private life and personal finances were objects of perennial scandal, went into dishonorable retirement.

7680: 10286: 8324:"When the Nazis Tried to Bring Animals Back From Extinction: Their ideology of genetic purity extended to aspirations about reviving a pristine landscape with ancient animals and forests" 1516:

and historically contingent. Perennialism, a softer version of primordialism which accepts that nations are modern phenomena but with long historical roots, is subject to academic debate.

4505:

Anti-colonial nationalism is not static and is defined by different forms of nationalism depending on location. In the anti-colonial movement that took place in the Indian subcontinent,

4272:("society") as an impersonal society that is modern. Although he recognized the advantages of modern societies, he also criticized them for their cold and impersonal nature that caused 2604:

basis, but through the imposition of the political and cultural characteristics of the dominant ethnic group, in this case the Castilians, over those of other ethnic groups, who became

2015:

This nationalism gained pace after the French Revolution came to a close. Defeat in war, with a loss in territory, was a powerful force in nationalism. In France, revenge and return of

11956: 10125: 4736:

shared between members of the group, and with their ancestors. It is different from a purely cultural definition of "the nation," which allows people to become members of a nation by

1761:

than perhaps anywhere else in the ancient world", adding that this observation "must make us wary of pronouncing too readily against the possibility of the nation, and even a form of

10417: 9478:

Barber, Benjamin (1992). "Jihad vs. McWorld: the two axial principles of our age—tribalism and globalism—clash at every point except one: they may both be threatening to democracy".

3384:

among others) that were popular in the late 19th and early to 20th centuries, led to many Greek states and regions that were ethnically Greek to eventually unite with Greece and the

5707:

have also expressed their opposition to nationalism, to the extent that some transhumanists believe national identities should be dissolved entirely. The influential transhumanist

2039:

True loyalty to the nation, from the conservative viewpoint, was threatened by liberal and republican principles of liberty and equality that were leading the country to disaster.

4595:, although the two are distinct, and did not always coincide. On the one hand, until the late 19th and early 20th century adherents to anti-Enlightenment movements such as French 12992: 10311: 13770: 13635: 9901: 8067: 6125: 3113:

in the late 18th and early 19th century, under the influence of western ideas such as liberalism and nationalism, which trickled into the country after the French Revolution.

13319: 12371: 8333: 8918: 3951:

in 2014 and other actions in Ukraine. Nationalist movements gradually began to rise in Central Europe as well, particularly Poland, under the influence of the ruling party,

3297:

in 1919. It was a nationwide protest movement about the domestic backwardness of China and has often been depicted as the intellectual foundation for Chinese Communism. The

13618: 12779: 6215: 6179: 4795:

Feminist critique interprets nationalism as a mechanism through which sexual control and repression are justified and legitimized, often by a dominant masculine power. The

3998:

in India, with the election and re-election of populist leader Narendra Modi as Prime Minister, who promised economic prosperity for all and an end to corruption. Militant

3820:

in the southeast. Croatia and Slovenia were subsequently more economically and industrially advanced and remained as such throughout existence of both forms of Yugoslavia.

15129: 10334:

Abe and Kagoike, who has indicated he will resign as principal, both belong to an ultra-conservative lobby group whose members include more than a dozen cabinet ministers.

5811: 1785:, whose ideas influenced the French Revolution, had themselves been influenced or encouraged by the example of earlier constitutionalist liberation movements, notably the 679: 3538:

declined and the Middle East was carved up by the Great Powers of Europe, Arabs sought to establish their own independent nations ruled by Arabs, rather than foreigners.

10064: 1904: 5645:

political tradition, there was mostly a negative attitude toward nationalism as a dangerous force and a cause of conflict and war between nation-states. The historian

3244:

instead advocated for Jewish national autonomy within the territory they already lived in. Most manifestations of this movement were left-wing in nature, and actively

3049:

The Piast concept stood in opposition to the "Jagiellon Concept," which allowed for multi-ethnicism and Polish rule over numerous minority groups such as those in the

2652: 5394:

Racial nationalism is an ideology that advocates a racial definition of national identity. Racial nationalism seeks to preserve a given race through policies such as

10095: 10025: 7710: 12314: 9749: 4842:

oppression being justified by colonialist images of the "other", a practice integral in the formation of Western identity. This "othering" may come in the form of

4043: 5685:. National symbols and patriotic assertiveness are in some countries discredited by their historical link with past wars, especially in Germany. British pacifist 14019: 10356: 5561:. It can also lead to conflict when more than one national group finds itself claiming rights to a particular territory or seeking to take control of the state. 3293:

The Kuomintang largely ran China until the Communists took over in 1949. But the latter had also been strongly influenced by Sun's nationalism as well as by the

12743: 10587: 6691: 1402:. As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining its 11786: 6970: 4031:

organization. The new movement has advocated re-establishing Japan as a military power and pushed revisionist historical narratives denying events such as the

4056:). As the promise of continued European Union membership was a core feature of the anti-independence campaign during the Scottish referendum, there have been 12682: 10644: 1725:

wrote that "something strangely like modern nationalism is documented for many peoples in medieval times and in classical times as well," citing the ancient

11742: 10565: 9869: 7377: 6612: 6569: 13280: 5032:

edict, which declares that nationalism can be used in an internationalist context, fighting for national liberation without racial or religious divisions.

2668: 14195: 8300: 4102:

who was once an adversary. On 29 October 2018 Trump equated nationalism to patriotism, saying "I'm proud of this country and I call that ''nationalism.''

1953:

Napoleon's conquests of the German and Italian states around 1800–1806 played a major role in stimulating nationalism and the demands for national unity.

1530:, such as industrialization, urbanization, and mass education, which made national consciousness possible. Proponents of this theory describe nations as " 1501:, the idea that "the people" should rule is developed by political theorists. Three main theories have been used to explain the emergence of nationalism: 14002: 13792: 7737: 2695:. From 1812 on, revisiting the previous history of Spain, Spanish liberalism tended to take for granted the national conscience and the Spanish nation. 12531: 13156: 10836: 10526: 8553:"Enllaç al Manifest Galeusca on en l'article 3 es denuncia l'asimetria entre el castellà i les altres llengües de l'Estat Espanyol, inclosa el català" 4486:

defined a nation as a socially constructed community that is co-created by individuals who imagine themselves as part of this group. He points to the

17508: 5263:

dates back as far as the 1920s, the contemporary national-anarchist movement has been put forward since the late 1990s by British political activist

3831: 7174:

Nationalism as we understand it is not older than the second half of the eighteenth century. Its first great manifestation was the French Revolution

2691:

The creation of the tradition of the political community of Spaniards as common destiny over other communities has been argued to trace back to the

7672: 4743:

Whereas nationalism in and of itself does not imply a belief in the superiority of one ethnicity or country over others, some nationalists support

4057: 11185: 4251:

to advance their interests. Maine saw the development of societies as moving away from traditional status societies to modern contract societies.

2567:

has come to partially embrace a moderate version of Italian nationalism over the years) and other separatist movements spread across the country.

8719: 4675:

in multiethnic countries such as the United States and France, as well as in constitutional monarchies such as Great Britain, Belgium and Spain.

12038: 11471: 10476: 10276: 2327:(14 vol 1855–1886) was foundational for nationalistic students and scholars. Von Sybel founded and edited the leading academic history journal, 2135:

By the 1860s, as a result of educational indoctrination, and due to conservative resistance to ideas and ideologies which were transmitted from

15662: 15179: 7892:

J. P. T. Bury, "Nationalities and Nationalism," in J. P. T. Bury, ed. "The New Cambridge Modern History Vol. 10 (1830–70)" (1960) pp. 213–245

11086:

Robert Hislope "From Ontology to Analogy: Evolutionary Theories and the Explanation of Ethnic Politics: in Patrick James and David Goetze ed.

6286: 3797:. The national census numbers from 1971 to 1981 measured an increase from 1.3% to 5.4% in the population that ethnically identified itself as 2532:

after getting promises of territory, but its war effort was not honored after the war and this fact discredited liberalism paving the way for

12490: 11940: 10117: 3801:. That meant that the country, almost as a whole, was divided by distinctive religious, ethnic and national loyalties after nearly 50 years. 774: 10155: 8144:

Karen Hagemann, "Of 'manly valor' and 'German Honor': nation, war, and masculinity in the age of the Prussian uprising against Napoleon."

3994:, a right-wing party which has been ruling India at the national level since 2014. The rise in religious nationalism comes with the rise of 2731:

principles with traditional Spanish nationalism. The authoritarian national ideal resumed during the Francoist dictatorship, in the form of

2002:

Nationalism in France gained early expressions in France's revolutionary government. In 1793, that government declared a mass conscription (

12968: 10409: 5755: 1877:

explores how the role of nationalism emerged in about 1700 and developed in Britain reaching full form in the 1830s. Writing shortly after

8097: 3230:, the main territorialist organization lost support, eventually disbanding in the 1925. Smaller territorialist movements lasted until the 9987: 9029: 7793: 3804:

Nationalist separatism of Croatia and Slovenia from the rest of Yugoslavia has basis in historical imperialist conquests of the region (

2580: 16452: 16093: 13184: 8656: 7620: 2911:

came under control of the Serbian army, later the Great National Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs voted to join Serbia; the

1378: 12984: 7947:

Karine Varley, "The Taboos of Defeat: Unmentionable Memories of the Franco-Prussian War in France, 1870–1914." in Jenny Macleod, ed.,

2462:(meaning the "Resurgence" or "Revival"). It was the political and intellectual movement that consolidated the different states of the 10621: 2143:

had emerged and it produced both a sense of Russian nationalism and a nationalistic mission to support and protect pan-Slavism. This

1869: 1710: 13738: 12440: 11658: 9891: 8059: 7233:

Tom Garvin, “Ethnic Markers, Modern Nationalisms, and the Nightmare of History,” in Kruger, ed., ¨ Ethnicity and Nationalism, p. 67.

6091: 2171:. Slavophiles opposed the Western European influences which had been transmitted to Russia and they were also determined to protect 16637: 13350: 13306: 12368: 8323: 7551:... It produced the modern doctrine of nationalism, and spread it directly throughout Western Europe ...", Oxford, 2009, 6778: 4079: 3289:

perpetual peace of the people, and for the strengthening of the foundations of the state in the name of peace throughout the world.

3141:

was established in 1870/1872 for the Bulgarian diocese wherein at least two-thirds of Orthodox Christians were willing to join it.

2511:

with an aggressive foreign policy. It partially crashed and his cause was set back. Of his nationalistic foreign policy, historian

11882: 8875: 6543: 5573:

individual identity within a national whole and give elites or political leaders potential opportunities to manipulate or control

3959:). In Hungary, the anti-immigration rhetoric and stance against foreign influence is a powerful national glue promoted the ruling 2540:. Mussolini's 20-year dictatorship involved a highly aggressive nationalism that led to a series of wars with the creation of the 17245: 16547: 12769: 5745: 5339:. Some scholars are sceptical that implementing national-anarchism would result in an expansion of freedom and describe it as an 2438: 2333:

and as the director of the Prussian state archives published massive compilations that were devoured by scholars of nationalism.

12108:

Robidoux, Michael A. (2002). "Imagining a Canadian Identity through Sport: A Historical Interpretation of Lacrosse and Hockey".

11989:

Banerjee, Sikata (2003). "Gender and nationalism: the masculinization of hinduism and female political participation in india".

9774: 9723: 9701: 5121:, not to be confused with the national-anarchism of the Black Ram Group. In the United Kingdom, national-anarchists worked with 2382:(Gypsies) and of course Jews, whom they did not identify as Aryan. A key Nazi doctrine was "Living Space" (for Aryans only) or " 16666: 14482: 8552: 7815:

Gillette, Aaron (2006). "Why Did They Fight the Great War? A Multi-Level Class Analysis of the Causes of the First World War".

7650: 4122: 3073: 2920: 14540: 10048: 7247:. Ethnonationalism in comparative perspective (Reprint ed.). Reno Las Vegas: University of Nevada Press. pp. 48–50. 5141:) and Jonathan Boulter to develop the Anarchist Heretics Fair. Those national-anarchists cite their influences primarily from 4576:

ancestry, but is a political entity whose core identity is not ethnicity. This civic concept of nationalism is exemplified by

16654: 14571: 14427: 14157: 13414: 12258: 9062: 8478: 7252: 7212: 7031: 6306: 5929: 4039: 3794: 2254: 2073: 14076: 10387: 10178: 8786:

Schmidt-Nowara, Christopher (2004). "'La España Ultramarina': Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nineteenth-Century Spain".

4954:

Pan-nationalism is unique in that it covers a large area span. Pan-nationalism focuses more on "clusters" of ethnic groups.

4740:; and from a purely linguistic definition, according to which "the nation" consists of all speakers of a specific language. 1768:

The consensus is that nationalism as a concept was firmly established by the 19th century. In histories of nationalism, the

10246: 10212: 10017: 9965: 7758:

Andrew Nestingen: Crime and Fantasy in Scandinavia: Fiction, Film and Social Change. University of Washington Press, 2008.

7129: 6996: 5760: 5534:

and Ned Whalley co-edited a special issue on "pandemic nationalism" exploring the relationship between nationalism and the

5495:

nationalism is the establishment of a mass, public culture based on common values, codes and traditions of the population.

4518: 3507:, a British colony, was exceptional in that it became virtually independent by 1931. From 1948, it was controlled by white 3284:(National People's Party) in defiance of the decrepit Empire, which was run by outsiders. The Kuomintang recruits pledged: 3231: 3209: 2114: 14466: 10087: 7588: 5491:

Sometimes a mythic homeland is more important for the national identity than the actual territory occupied by the nation.

4720:

Ethnic nationalism, also known as ethno-nationalism, is a form of nationalism wherein the "nation" is defined in terms of

2147:

movement became popular in 19th-century Russia. Pan-Slavism was fueled by, and it was also the fuel for Russia's numerous

1599:

The terminological use of "nations", "sovereignty" and associated concepts were significantly refined with the writing by

1560:

are all subjects of philosophical debate. Nationalism can be combined with diverse political goals and ideologies such as

1538:" in which shared sentiment provides a form of collective identity and binds individuals together in political solidarity. 17355: 17265: 14297: 7702: 4063: 3921: 3516: 3145: 2916: 2231: 2011:

the public places, to stimulate the courage of the warriors and preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings.

17380: 15507: 9741: 9724:"Surveys show Russian nationalism is on the rise. This explains a lot about the country's foreign and domestic politics" 8741:

García-Sanjuán, Alejandro (2020). "Weaponizing Historical Knowledge: the Notion of Reconquista in Spanish Nationalism".

2295:

in 1806. He imposed rational legal systems and demonstrated how dramatic changes were possible. His organization of the

2236:

An upsurge in nationalism in Latin America in the 1810s and 1820s sparked revolutions that cost Spain nearly all of its

15655: 15172: 14393: 14369: 14345: 14321: 14273: 14247: 14223: 14126: 14104: 14062: 14016: 13978: 13945: 13909: 13890: 13861: 13827: 13724: 13702: 13678: 13657: 13598: 13563: 13534: 13509: 13485: 13114: 13089: 13064: 12829: 12715: 12651: 12623: 12268: 12152: 12077: 11950: 11595: 11559: 11506: 11259: 11008: 10885: 10846: 10450: 9238: 9168: 9089: 9023: 8996: 8400: 8376: 7975: 7932: 7787: 7763: 7596: 7556: 7528: 7498: 7437: 7333: 7279: 7104: 7071: 7006: 6942: 6888: 6727: 6365: 6013: 5904: 5874: 5735: 4724:. The central theme of ethnic nationalists is that "nations are defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a 4498: 3812:) and existence within separate spheres of religious, cultural and industrial influence – Catholicism, Protenstantism, 3027: 1991: 1863:

Some scholars argue that variants of nationalism emerged prior to the 18th century. American philosopher and historian

1519: 12342: 10346: 8448: 4181:, and nationalism. John Etherington argues nationalism is inherently exclusionary and thus potentially violent, while 2799:

and romanticism. France, Russia and Britain critically intervened to ensure the success of this nationalist endeavor.

1512:

and held that there have always been nations. This view has since been rejected by most scholars, who view nations as

14998: 14453: 13756: 13688: 13381: 12735: 11791: 11701: 11534: 11387: 11362: 10256: 10226: 10192: 8635: 8606: 8536: 8507: 8429: 8185:

Treitschke, his doctrine of German destiny and of international relations: together with a study of his life and work

7410: 6687: 6162: 6111: 5750: 5024: 4729: 4410: 3753: 3735: 3677: 3620: 3385: 2148: 1246: 767: 523: 8267: 6959: 3659: 3014:, and defeated Bismarck politically. He responded by stopping the harassment and cooperating with the Centre Party. 2068:

Before 1815, the sense of Russian nationalism was weak—what sense there was focused on loyalty and obedience to the

17325: 15775: 12613: 6743:

de Bertier de Sauvigny, Guillaume (April 1970). "Liberalism, Nationalism and Socialism: The Birth of Three Words".

5376:. . . do not consider themselves nativists. For them it is a negative term and they rather consider themselves as ' 4517:, not believing that an independent Indian nation should be defined by its religious identity. Despite large-scale 3890: 3360:, the Greek movement that advocated for the reconquering of Greek ancestral lands from the Ottoman Empire (such as 1523: 852: 12668: 9616:

McCartney, Paul T. (Fall 2004). "American Nationalism and U.S. Foreign Policy from September 11 to the Iraq War".

8943: 6321:

Woods, Eric Taylor; Schertzer, Robert; Kaufmann, Eric (April 2011). "Ethno-national conflict and its management".

5689:

criticized nationalism for diminishing the individual's capacity to judge his or her fatherland's foreign policy.

5301:

between different nationalities as being incompatible with the idea of a synthesis between anarchism and fascism.

1796: 1637:

notes that "The twentieth century, a time of profound disillusionment with nationalism, was also the great age of

16281: 16132: 13441: 13276: 10557: 9861: 7369: 6826:

Gorski, Philip S. (2000). "The Mosaic Moment: An Early Modernist Critique of Modernist Theories of Nationalism".

6596: 3893:, flooding into Europe (as of 2016 the refugee crisis appears to have peaked). Nationalist groups like Germany's 3248:. While successful among Eastern European Jews in the early 20th century, it lost most of its support due to the 3215: 2712: 2491:

were prevalent in the common use) and its local traditions. The liberals had always been strong opponents of the

15134: 14510: 13272: 5816: 4996:

Left-wing nationalism, occasionally known as socialist nationalism, not to be confused with the German fascist "

4820:

are understood as socially and culturally constructed, the two may be constructed in conjunction by invoking an

4303:

in many cases extremely hostile to the arguments" that draw vast generalizations from rather limited evidence.

4268:("community") as being based on emotional attachments as attributed with traditional societies while defining a 3076:

coalition. As of 2020 the Confederation, composed of several smaller parties, had 11 deputies (under 7%) in the

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Nationalists sought to encompass masculinity in their quest for strength and unity. It was Prussian chancellor

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Scholars frequently place the beginning of nationalism in the late 18th century or early 19th century with the

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Waetjen, Thembisa (2001). "The Limits of Gender Rhetoric for Nationalism: A Case Study from Southern Africa".

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The Rise of Political Intellectuals in Modern China: May Fourth Societies and the Roots of Mass-Party Politics

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as well. Anti-colonial nationalism as an intellectual framework persisted into the late 20th century with the

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Anti-colonial nationalism is an intellectual framework that preceded, accompanied and followed the process of

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on 23 October 1951 as tension continued to mount in the dispute between Egypt and Britain over control of the

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Abe's key ultra-conservative supporter, Nippon Kaigi, or Japan Conference, was among the organizers Saturday.

8230:"Of Vikings and Nazis: Norwegian contributions to the rise and the fall of the idea of a superior Aryan race" 7733: 7467: 5484: 5372:

is a standard technical term, although those who hold this political view do not typically accept the label.

5210: 4256: 3917: 3403: 2576: 2378:

Meanwhile, the Nazis rejected many of the well-established citizens within those same countries, such as the

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notions of long-term evolutionary change remain foundational to the work of evolutionary psychologists like

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movement, emerged among European Jews in the 19th century. In 1882, Jews, from Europe, began to emigrate to

3271:

The awakening of nationalism across Asia helped shape the history of the continent. The key episode was the

17420: 17415: 17109: 16147: 15780: 15589: 15188: 14518: 13148: 10534: 8946:(2001). "What is Spanish nationalism today? From legitimacy crisis to unfulfilled renovation (1975–2000)". 8580:"Spain in the 19th century: Spanish Nation Building and Catalonia's attempt at becoming an Iberian Prussia" 6581: 5659: 4811: 4510: 3929: 3713: 3606: 3223: 3126: 3093: 2608:

to be assimilated. In fact, since the political unification of 1714, Spanish assimilation policies towards

2340: 1005: 837: 808: 760: 27: 5308:

and far-right critics. Critics, including scholars, accuse national-anarchists of being nothing more than

17435: 17430: 17215: 15564: 15074: 14178: 13520: 6508:"The Partisan Sorting of "America": How Nationalist Cleavages Shaped the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election" 6138:

a broad scholarly consensus that the nation is a recent and imagined identity dominates political science

5775: 5578: 5547: 5229: 4868: 4427: 4415: 3519:. The international anti-apartheid movement supported black nationalists until success was achieved, and 1309: 629: 549: 5673:

critique of nationalism also concentrates on the violence of some nationalist movements, the associated

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explains nationalism as a product of symbols, myths, and traditions, and is associated with the work of

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Spencer, Philip; Wollman, Howard (1 October 1998). "Good and bad nationalisms: A critique of dualism".

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was held on 18 September 2014. The proposal was defeated, with 55.3% voting against independence. In a

3097: 2296: 2069: 1742: 1654: 842: 813: 716: 614: 16417: 14475: 12214:

Alison, Miranda (2007). "Wartime Sexual Violence: Women's Human Rights and Questions of Masculinity".

8695: 4932:), integral nationalism results after a nation has achieved independence and has established a state. 3889:

in the United States being a prime example), increasing unrest and civil wars in the Middle East, and

16464: 16407: 15992: 15019: 14962: 14948: 14921: 14853: 14729: 14564: 13314: 13152: 12481: 10466: 9054:

The Past in Exile: Serbian Long-distance Nationalism and Identity in the Wake of the Third Balkan War

6180:"'Primordialism' in nationalism studies: theory or ideology?: 'Primordialism' in nationalism studies" 5080: 5072: 4620:

could combine a rejection of the unitary civic-national state with a belief in liberal universalism.

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with the goal of establishing a new Jewish homeland. The majority and local population in Palestine,

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in the country) as a means of modernizing the country was developed by Spanish conservatives, fusing

2480: 1364: 969: 443: 375: 256: 12933:

May the Best Man Win: Sport, Masculinity, and Nationalism in Great Britain and the Empire, 1880–1935

12026: 10440: 4458: 4426:, but a stable community of people"; "a nation is formed only as a result of lengthy and systematic 2648: 2151:

which were waged in order to achieve the alleged goal of liberating Orthodox nationalities, such as

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Miller, Nicola (2006). "The historiography of nationalism and national identity in Latin America".

5029: 4847: 4770: 4687: 4672: 4617: 4613: 4522: 4211:

Prominent theorists who developed the modernist interpretation of nations and nationalism include:

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in Europe and North America. That trend was further fueled by increased terrorism in the West (the

3072:

In current Polish politics, Polish nationalism is most openly represented by parties linked in the

2545: 1977: 1801: 1084: 974: 298: 293: 12476: 3793:

Yugoslavia was established after the First World War and joined three acknowledged ethnic groups:

2723:

and an authoritarian stance (as well as promoting policies favouring the Spanish language against

2211: 17285: 17205: 16622: 16211: 16122: 15452: 14967: 13130: 12673: 10147: 9460:

Berg, Steven (1993). "Nationalism Redux: Through the Glass of the Post-Communist States Darkly".

8707: 7473: 5470: 5395: 5195: 5011:, in the view that their nations are being persecuted by other nations and thus need to exercise 4526: 4388: 4319:

The primordialist evolutionary views of nationalism often reference the evolutionary theories of

3956: 3898: 3844: 3706: 3655: 3179:, ultimately the most successful of Jewish nationalist movements, advocated in the creation of a 2329: 2320: 2096: 1746: 1689: 1014: 497: 17019: 12965: 12947:, "Teaching the nations how to play: sport and society in the British empire and Commonwealth." 11110: 8988: 8982: 4549:

have been a series of smaller independence movements that are also defined by anti-colonialism.

4118: 16612: 16592: 16442: 16112: 15740: 15609: 15311: 15064: 14798: 13195: 11355:

Imperial rule and the politics of nationalism : anti-colonial protest in the French empire

9835:"The Rise of the Russian Nationalism, the Secret of Putin's Survival, and the Return of Stalin" 9354: 8089: 5711:

refused to identify with any nationality, referring to himself as 'universal'. Furthermore, in

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by the West. The imagined feminine East, or "other," exists in contrast to the masculine West.

4821: 4790: 3991: 3558:

was established in 1945 to promote Arab interests and cooperation between the new Arab states.

3156: 3152: 3101: 3011: 2851: 2375:, residing in various European countries, but sometime mixed with alien elements such as Jews. 1986: 1914: 1605: 1513: 1251: 1193: 1139: 604: 594: 16479: 12770:"Billboard from 'white genocide' segregation group goes up along highway near Birmingham, Ala" 9995: 9228: 9158: 9013: 8390: 7965: 7269: 6298: 6005: 5328:

without the historical and philosophical baggage that accompanies such a claim, including the

4422:, but a historically constituted community of people;" "a nation is not a casual or ephemeral 16766: 16721: 16532: 16127: 15500: 15246: 15094: 14972: 14875: 14870: 14786: 14734: 14685: 13668: 13608: 13582: 12817: 12069: 12061: 7922: 7777: 6932: 6654: 5995: 5962: 5504: 5454: 5427: 5138: 5040: 4979: 4835: 4737: 4514: 4236: 3999: 3902: 3582: 3301:

stimulated by the May Fourth Movement waxed strong throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Historian

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in 1878. Serbia had sought to liberate and unite with Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west and

2825: 2529: 2363:, may also be understood as trans-national in nature. This aspect was primarily advocated by 2312: 1813: 1805: 1762: 1577: 1565: 1071: 904: 654: 397: 392: 318: 261: 212: 16582: 13181: 12705: 12644:

The Radical Right in Britain: Social Imperialism to the BNP (British History in Perspective)

10998: 9079: 8652: 7612: 7323: 7114: 1828:, flags and narratives were assiduously constructed by nationalists and widely adopted. The 1749:(66–73 CE) is often cited by scholars as a prominent example of ancient Jewish nationalism. 17543: 17275: 17155: 16924: 16731: 16572: 16499: 16191: 16152: 16137: 15671: 15457: 15263: 15236: 15039: 14957: 14931: 14916: 14880: 14781: 14749: 14707: 14690: 14557: 11100: 8746: 5824: 5617: 5019: 4929: 4899: 4834:

has historically been heavily intertwined with muscular nationalism, from research linking

4764: 4538: 4471: 4439: 4167: 4018: 3886: 3465: 3392: 3298: 3134: 2974: 2732: 2596: 2352: 2081: 2058: 1754: 1668: 1618: 1610: 1531: 1527: 1475: 1181: 1052: 1042: 1027: 954: 872: 579: 487: 448: 438: 402: 363: 313: 276: 234: 217: 190: 89: 39: 16746: 10613: 8217:(1st ed.), Prague: Nakladatelství epocha, Pražská vydavatelská společnost, p. 11 7520:

Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism

7370:"Nationalism in Europe and America | Lloyd S. Kramer | University of North Carolina Press" 6270: 6253: 4261: 4220: 3053:. The Jagiellon Concept was the official policy of the government in the 1920s and 1930s. 3034:. In contrast with the Jagiellon concept, there was no concept for a multi-ethnic Poland. 2981:, a new Polish state that ignited a spirit of nationalism. Russia took it over in 1815 as 2643:

The nationalization process accelerated in the 19th century, in parallel to the origin of

8: 17465: 17345: 17315: 17235: 16761: 16701: 16022: 15942: 15569: 15306: 15251: 15114: 14897: 14885: 14823: 14670: 14634: 12800:

Smith, Anthony D. 1986. The Ethnic Origins of Nations London: Basil Blackwell. pp. 6–18.

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Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism: Anti-Colonial Protest in the French Empire

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in the economy, with policies that emphasize domestic control of the economy, labor, and

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The cause of Polish nationalism was repeatedly frustrated before 1918. In the 1790s, the

2932: 2816: 2644: 2617: 2508: 2484: 2455: 2433: 2429: 2048: 1942: 1934: 1852: 1790: 1569: 1494: 1443: 1293: 1203: 1057: 959: 909: 847: 701: 664: 659: 644: 453: 407: 328: 197: 16509: 13344: 12571:(March 2003). "From slime mould to rhizome: an introduction to the groupuscular right". 11866:

The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots and the Liberal State 1492–1866

8653:"Video of the Conference of Josep Borrell at the Geneva Press Club, 27th February, 2019" 6770: 5097:

Among the first advocates of national-anarchism were Hans Cany, Peter Töpfer and former

4423: 4021:

in the government developed over the course of the early 21st century, largely from the

17477: 17472: 17455: 17450: 16919: 16427: 16364: 15624: 15256: 15231: 15221: 15216: 15204: 14833: 14803: 14791: 14754: 14724: 14712: 14695: 14675: 14490: 14262: 13762: 13712: 13639:(1944; 2nd ed. 2005 with introduction by Craig Calhoun). 735 pp; an often-cited classic 13229: 13037: 12588: 12432: 12334: 12330: 12239: 12231: 12196: 12188: 12125: 11878: 11847: 11762: 11380:

The promise of power : the origins of democracy in India and autocracy in Pakistan

11300: 11232: 11158: 11125: 11104: 10979: 10971: 10817: 10809: 10774: 10766: 10724: 9991: 9815: 9677: 9652: 9633: 9598: 9563: 9515: 9298: 9209: 9201: 8963: 8910: 8805: 8064:

War and Nation: identity and the process of state-building in South America (1800–1840)

7908:

The People in Arms: Military Myth and National Mobilization since the French Revolution

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Bunce, Valerie (2000). "Comparative Democratization: Big and Bounded Generalizations".

6338: 6207: 6117: 5957: 5694: 5621: 5516: 5389: 5309: 5295: 5253: 5191: 5185: 5118: 5092: 5022:

is closely tied with this ideology, and practical examples include Stalin's early work

5012: 5001: 4944: 4715: 4700: 4668: 4660: 4581: 4534: 4364:

contingencies that characterize every known historical process. Robert Hislope argues:

4022: 3272: 3042: 2956: 2843: 2724: 2443: 2316: 2266: 2184: 1971: 1773: 1535: 1498: 1479: 1419: 1331: 924: 619: 492: 431: 426: 348: 333: 322: 281: 251: 239: 222: 202: 172: 16909: 14385:

Nationalism and Ethnicity Terminologies: An Encyclopedic Dictionary and Research Guide

12413:"Co-opting the counter culture: Troy Southgate and the National Revolutionary Faction" 12002: 9271:""Zionism without Zion"?: Territorialist Ideology and the Zionist Movement, 1882–1956" 3199:

that, in contrast to the Jews of the diaspora, was strong, worked the land, and spoke

3061:

at Tehran in 1943 rejected the Jagiellon Concept because it involved Polish rule over

3017:

In the late 19th and early 20th century, many Polish nationalist leaders endorsed the

2985:

with the tsar proclaimed as "King of Poland". Large-scale nationalist revolts erupted

2692: 1816:, there was an emergence of an integrated, nation-encompassing economy and a national 17440: 17385: 17225: 17014: 16676: 16602: 16577: 16379: 16181: 15336: 15226: 15199: 15099: 15059: 15044: 15034: 15003: 14902: 14858: 14848: 14828: 14739: 14717: 14702: 14680: 14654: 14629: 14624: 14389: 14365: 14341: 14317: 14293: 14269: 14243: 14219: 14187: 14122: 14100: 14068: 14058: 13974: 13941: 13905: 13886: 13857: 13823: 13816: 13766: 13752: 13720: 13698: 13674: 13653: 13594: 13587: 13559: 13530: 13505: 13481: 13471: 13420: 13410: 13387: 13377: 13110: 13085: 13060: 13041: 12825: 12801: 12711: 12647: 12619: 12592: 12436: 12338: 12264: 12200: 12148: 12073: 11946: 11804: 11766: 11714: 11615: 11591: 11565: 11555: 11530: 11502: 11451: 11441: 11418: 11408: 11383: 11358: 11335: 11304: 11292: 11255: 11236: 11224: 11004: 10983: 10881: 10842: 10821: 10778: 10446: 10252: 10222: 10188: 10056: 9924:"Bulgaria's government will include far-right nationalist parties for the first time" 9819: 9771: 9682: 9602: 9567: 9302: 9290: 9234: 9213: 9164: 9085: 9058: 9019: 8992: 8967: 8914: 8902: 8890: 8809: 8768: 8711: 8631: 8602: 8579: 8532: 8503: 8474: 8425: 8396: 8372: 8295: 8045: 7971: 7928: 7783: 7759: 7592: 7552: 7524: 7494: 7488: 7433: 7406: 7329: 7275: 7248: 7208: 7169: 7149: 7100: 7067: 7027: 7002: 6938: 6884: 6863: 6843: 6723: 6604: 6539: 6527: 6480: 6443: 6431: 6361: 6342: 6302: 6211: 6199: 6158: 6153:

Adeney, Katharine (2009). "Nationalism". In Iain, McLean; McMillan, Alistair (eds.).

6121: 6107: 6009: 5925: 5900: 5870: 5730: 5535: 5458: 5415: 5411: 5336: 5199: 5127: 4926: 4880: 4839: 4826: 4774: 4640: 4605: 4584:", where he defined the nation as a "daily referendum" (frequently translated "daily 4570: 4542: 4483: 4273: 4163: 4134: 3987: 3937: 3651: 3566: 3477: 3460: 3428: 3335: 3237: 3204: 3200: 2998: 2986: 2962: 2952: 2912: 2808: 2776: 2609: 2584: 2512: 2504: 2488: 2463: 2303: 2292: 2176: 2172: 2102: 2062: 1856: 1786: 1769: 1714: 1698: 1681: 1490: 1483: 1431: 1326: 1000: 862: 857: 818: 791: 599: 584: 559: 414: 380: 358: 266: 244: 229: 207: 139: 114: 109: 16494: 14494: 14211: 8556: 7642: 7022:

Benner, Erica (2013). "Nationalism: Intellectual Origins". In Breuilly, John (ed.).

6492: 4279: 4228: 3947:

to consolidate power. This nationalist sentiment was used in Russia's annexation of

2704:, which holds the power of propelling the weaponized notion of Spain being a nation 17445: 17375: 17145: 17064: 17059: 16984: 16959: 16904: 16894: 16884: 16854: 16834: 16824: 16691: 16686: 16644: 16587: 16384: 16067: 16062: 16037: 15982: 15957: 15532: 15522: 15495: 15464: 15358: 15321: 15124: 15104: 15029: 14982: 14977: 14838: 14599: 14537: 14355: 14331: 14307: 14283: 14257: 14233: 14136: 14114: 14092: 14050: 13811: 13744: 13268: 13221: 13027: 12580: 12424: 12326: 12243: 12223: 12180: 12117: 12027:"Death by Landscape: Race, Nature and Gender in the Canadian Nationalist Mythology" 11998: 11839: 11830:

Singley, Carol J. (2003). "Race, Culture, Nation: Edith Wharton and Ernest Renan".

11800: 11754: 11710: 11327: 11284: 11216: 11150: 10963: 10801: 10758: 10720: 9807: 9672: 9664: 9625: 9590: 9555: 9507: 9282: 9193: 8955: 8894: 8797: 8758: 8750: 8241: 8041: 7879: 7859: 7824: 7514: 7304: 7200: 7141: 6835: 6633: 6519: 6470: 6423: 6330: 6294: 6265: 6191: 6099: 6054: 5949: 5686: 5554: 5407: 5291: 5177: 5044: 5016: 4648: 4397: 4324: 4032: 3612: 3531: 3432: 3424: 3400: 3309:

Nationalism, patriotism, progress, science, democracy, and freedom were the goals;

3219: 3110: 2990: 2873: 2832: 2812: 2796: 2788: 2621: 2592: 2533: 2500: 2467: 2106: 1837: 1750: 1738: 1730: 1664: 1545: 1276: 1032: 886: 669: 569: 554: 544: 507: 502: 353: 79: 17049: 14419: 13455: 4046:, the British populace unexpectedly voted to withdraw the United Kingdom from the 3511:

nationalists, who focused on racial segregation and white minority rule, known as

1418:. It holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference ( 17502: 17175: 17094: 17054: 17024: 17009: 16974: 16969: 16939: 16914: 16899: 16874: 16859: 16794: 16771: 16756: 16741: 16726: 16597: 16552: 16537: 16527: 16349: 16344: 16201: 16196: 16176: 16164: 15629: 15527: 15286: 15089: 14818: 14813: 14776: 14744: 14649: 14594: 14544: 14470: 14457: 14415: 14359: 14335: 14311: 14287: 14237: 14149: 14042: 14030: 14023: 14006: 13878: 13796: 13692: 13647: 13524: 13499: 13475: 13199: 13188: 12972: 12375: 11662: 10875: 10398:. Author – Sachie Mizohata. Published 1 November 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2020. 10391: 9928: 9778: 9559: 9052: 8452: 8328: 8188: 7582: 7518: 7427: 7400: 7308: 7204: 6878: 6717: 6576: 6334: 5999: 5894: 5864: 5765: 5693:

stated that "Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind".

5690: 5650:

century, liberals have been increasingly divided, with some philosophers such as

5582: 5150: 5142: 5133: 5109:, a since disbanded British-based organization which cultivated links to certain 5068: 4933: 4907: 4725: 4609: 4328: 4240: 4155: 4106: 3952: 3872: 3805: 3782: 3415: 3373: 3369: 2994: 2982: 2978: 2901: 2897: 2881: 2861: 2728: 2716: 2588: 2552: 2496: 2425: 2280: 2250: 2180: 2131:) – recognition of the state-founding role on Russian nationality. 2016: 1995: 1821: 1717:, though there is ongoing debate about its existence in varying forms during the 1557: 1407: 1354: 1336: 1161: 1146: 748: 674: 574: 343: 338: 303: 271: 134: 84: 74: 69: 14289:

The Nation in History: Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism

14013:

Nationalism in Europe and America: Politics, Cultures, and Identities since 1775

12960:

Driss Abbassi, "Le sport dans l'empire français: un instrument de domination?."

12584: 9988:"Latvia's nationalist party demands right for employees to use Latvian language" 9955: 9772:

Madrid Unity Rally Mired by Fascist Salutes From Far-right Falange Party Members

9594: 9286: 9184:

Sharp, Tony (1977). "The Origins of the 'Teheran Formula' on Polish Frontiers".

8245: 8159:

The Course of German Nationalism: From Frederick the Great to Bismarck 1763–1867

7097:

Nationalism in Europe and America: Politics, Cultures, and Identities since 1775

5206:

social philosophy. The main ideological innovation of national-anarchism is its

3964: 2758:

began as a rebellion by Greek revolutionaries against the ruling Ottoman Empire.

17492: 17400: 17390: 17119: 16994: 16979: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16889: 16864: 16819: 16799: 16661: 16632: 16607: 16562: 16542: 16504: 16459: 16339: 16329: 16186: 16017: 15830: 15415: 15395: 15390: 15378: 15146: 15119: 15054: 15049: 14644: 14463: 14054: 14046: 13933: 13785: 13734: 13495: 12907:

Sport, nationalism, and globalization: European and North American perspectives

10351: 9197: 8599:

The end of the old regime and industrialization. Flight. V History of Catalonia

8356:

The Risorgimento Revisited: Nationalism and Culture in Nineteenth-century Italy

6719:

Nations: The Long History and Deep Roots of Political Ethnicity and Nationalism

6427: 5666:

emphasizing that a liberal society needs to be based in a stable nation state.

5651: 5613: 5609: 5565: 5531: 5511: 5346:

that would result in authoritarianism and oppression, only on a smaller scale.

5298: 5268: 5264: 5237: 5146: 5102: 4683: 4636: 4624: 4506: 4479: 4401: 4332: 4320: 4187: 4182: 4174: 4068: 4047: 3944: 3813: 3809: 3535: 3520: 3469: 3420: 3302: 3196: 3188: 3184: 2970: 2936: 2839: 2784: 2605: 2541: 2521: 2395: 2391: 2246: 2237: 2168: 2136: 2085: 2035: 1841: 1541: 1399: 1232: 1151: 1105: 1047: 564: 286: 124: 13424: 12920:

Transformation of Modern Korean Sport: Imperialism, Nationalism, Globalization

12428: 12227: 12184: 11758: 11331: 11288: 10967: 8959: 4246:

In his analysis of the historical changes and development of human societies,

3137:, who started the struggle for an independent Bulgarian church. An autonomous 2454:

Italian nationalism emerged in the 19th century and was the driving force for

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Whose Bosnia? Nationalism and Political Imagination in the Balkans, 1840–1914

8906: 8898: 8801: 8772: 8754: 8715: 8133:

The Bee and the Eagle: Napoleonic France and the End of the Holy Roman Empire

7153: 7064:

Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism

6847: 6608: 6565: 6531: 6484: 6435: 6203: 5833: 5829: 5770: 5715:, Kate Levchuk stated that a transhumanist "doesn't believe in nationality". 5704: 5655: 5628: 5574: 5340: 5321: 5313: 5181: 5052: 4959: 4744: 4405: 4341: 3031: 3022: 3018: 2821: 2680: 2659:"To make the Spanish nation a nation that neither is nor has been until now." 2556: 2379: 2253:. Spain lost all of its American colonies, except Cuba and Puerto Rico, in a 2077: 1994:

from 1887 depicting French students being taught about the lost provinces of

1825: 1817: 1680:

Smith posits the challenges posed to traditional religion and society in the

1588: 1505: 1156: 1134: 1109: 939: 589: 480: 119: 99: 94: 14361:

The Nation Made Real: Art and National Identity in Western Europe, 1600–1850

13883:

Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe

11569: 11422: 10792:

Posen, Barry (Fall 1993). "Nationalism, the Mass Army, and Military Power".

9811: 9668: 9270: 6058: 5922:

Nationalism reframed: Nationhood and the national question in the New Europe

5304:

National-anarchism has elicited scepticism and outright hostility from both

2698:

A by-product of 19th-century Spanish nationalist thinking is the concept of

17405: 17089: 17079: 17069: 16934: 16929: 16869: 16844: 16814: 16809: 16716: 16711: 16557: 16437: 16171: 16107: 15977: 15967: 15962: 15881: 15871: 15815: 15705: 15346: 15331: 15326: 15109: 15024: 14619: 14379: 11455: 11141:

Smith, Anthony D. (March 1983). "Nationalism and Classical Social Theory".

10316: 9686: 8595:

La fi de l'antic règim i la industrialització. Vol. V Història de Catalunya

5590: 5434: 5343: 5283: 5272: 5241: 5225: 5221: 5188: 5076: 5036: 4984: 4937: 4914: 4872: 4664: 4659:

and liberalism, but as a form of nationalism it is usually contrasted with

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Imagined Communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism

8445: 7949:

Defeat and Memory: Cultural Histories of Military Defeat in the Modern Era

7081: 6998:

The Culture of Power and the Power of Culture: Old Regime Europe 1660–1789

6459:"Nationalism, Collaboration, and Resistance: France under Nazi Occupation" 6386:

Imagined Communities: Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism

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empires prevented peripheral regions from having autonomy and local rule.

3827: 1772:(1789) is seen as an important starting point, not only for its impact on 17104: 17099: 17034: 17029: 16879: 16751: 16706: 16696: 16489: 16484: 16422: 16359: 16142: 16117: 16002: 15972: 15947: 15927: 15906: 15886: 15866: 15856: 15825: 15690: 15554: 15517: 15512: 15363: 15341: 15291: 15268: 15079: 13477:

Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism

13032: 13015: 12985:"Nationalities Papers: Volume 50 - Special Issue on Pandemic Nationalism" 10954:

Goetze, David (1998). "Evolution, Mobility, and Ethnic Group Formation".

10384: 8259: 8229: 8020:

Russian Nationalism since 1856: Ideology and the Making of Foreign Policy

6475: 5788:, an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of nationalism 5558: 5403: 5399: 5332: 5329: 5249: 5217: 5214: 5162: 5158: 5064: 4963: 4955: 4903: 4843: 4831: 4800: 4769:

Economic nationalism, or economic patriotism, is an ideology that favors

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monument which was built in 1862 in celebration of one thousand years of

1947: 1918: 1886: 1878: 1833: 1552:

The moral value of nationalism, the relationship between nationalism and

1509: 1403: 1223: 1188: 1091: 1079: 944: 634: 624: 463: 12235: 9637: 9519: 9156: 8473:] (in Catalan) (del 1979 ed.). Edicions del 1979. p. 230. 7836: 3010:

of the 1870s. The Poles joined German Catholics in a well-organized new

2900:, with German backing, tried to crush Serbia in 1914, thus igniting the 2199: 1474:. There are various definitions of a "nation", which leads to different 1349: 743: 17487: 17295: 17195: 17044: 16964: 16736: 16627: 16469: 16412: 16389: 16354: 16303: 16293: 16261: 16206: 16032: 16012: 15937: 15901: 15805: 15790: 15715: 15640: 15614: 15574: 15544: 15430: 15410: 15301: 15157: 15141: 13233: 13144: 12129: 11851: 10975: 10813: 10770: 10312:"Ultra-nationalist school linked to Japanese PM accused of hate speech" 9960: 9653:"Europe's New Identity: The Refugee Crisis and the Rise of Nationalism" 8763: 8487: 8234:

Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences

7871: 7161: 6855: 6756: 6195: 5839: 5806: 5725: 5682: 5674: 5646: 5642: 5605: 5601: 5377: 5363: 5245: 5233: 5207: 5173: 4967: 4940:, according to Alter and Brown, were examples of integral nationalism. 4851: 4804: 4632: 4596: 4585: 4537:

into two states in 1947 along religious lines into the Muslim-majority

4467: 4337: 4143: 3720: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3488:

In the 1880s the European powers divided up almost all of Africa (only

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The political convulsions of the late 18th century associated with the

1829: 1722: 1553: 1522:, currently the most commonly accepted theory of nationalism, adopts a 1471: 1463: 1455: 1313: 1303: 1298: 1037: 899: 728: 696: 649: 308: 177: 167: 157: 20: 13212:

Lang, Timothy (2002). "Lord Acton and 'the Insanity of Nationality'".

12192: 11699:

Patten, Alan (1999). "The Autonomy Argument for Liberal Nationalism".

11162: 9205: 9084:. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. pp. 1–17, 90–126. 6458: 5402:

of other races. Its ideas tend to be in direct conflict with those of

4071:, sometimes called the "Tropical Trump", with United States President 2892:

as their common land based on shared language and tradition. In 1914,

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Association for Research on Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Americas

11743:"Does Liberal Democracy Presuppose a Cultural Nation? Four Arguments" 10218: 10049:"Narendra Modi's landslide victory shatters Congress's grip on India" 9629: 9511: 9385:

Histories of the hanged: The dirty war in Kenya and the end of empire

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abolished many of the old or medieval relics, such as dissolving the

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Nation-States and Nationalisms:Organization, Ideology and Solidarity

13225: 12615:

Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity

12283:

Integral nationalism is one of five types of nationalism defined by

12121: 11843: 10805: 10762: 8675: 7193:"Theoretical Considerations: Nationalism and Ethnicity in Antiquity" 7145: 6457:

Kocher, Matthew Adam; Lawrence, Adria K.; Monteiro, Nuno P. (2018).

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and other restrictions on the movement of labor, goods and capital.

4588:") dependent on the will of its people to continue living together. 3695: 3662:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2679:

And will be found again two hundred years later, from the socialist

17460: 17039: 16776: 16369: 16334: 16308: 16288: 16241: 16052: 16007: 15891: 15795: 15785: 15750: 15720: 15594: 15584: 15579: 15435: 15405: 15400: 15385: 15241: 15211: 15084: 14907: 14399: 13612: 12669:"Rising Above the Herd: Keith Preston's Authoritarian Anti-Statism" 12532:"'National Anarchism': California racists claim they're Anarchists" 11903:

Muller, Jerry Z. "Us and Them." Current Issue 501 Mar/Apr 2008 9–14

11220: 11154: 10471: 10410:"Sturgeon says second independence vote 'a matter of when, not if'" 10148:"Review: Myanmar's Enemy Within and the Making of Anti-Muslim Rage" 7863: 6839: 6658: 6523: 5740: 5678: 5670: 5597: 5586: 5279: 5110: 5048: 4863: 4151: 4099: 4007: 3972: 3968: 3882: 3816:

cultural orientation in the northwest, versus Orthodoxy, Islam and

3489: 2931:

was promoted, which ultimately failed. After the Second World War,

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approach and proposes that nationalism emerged due to processes of

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American Nativism and Its Representation in the Film "L. A. Crash"

9145:

God's Playground: A History of Poland, Vol. 2: 1795 to the Present

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is exemplified by movements against colonial powers in the 1900s.

3554:

achieved gradually gained independence between 1922 and 1952. The

2474:

is central to Italian nationalism but it was based in the liberal

1885:

traced the origin of European nationalism to the aftermath of the

1434:, based on a combination of shared social characteristics such as 17497: 17410: 16298: 16266: 16256: 16027: 15987: 15820: 15745: 15730: 15710: 15619: 15479: 15420: 15368: 14943: 14863: 10500:"Trump refuses to acknowledge the fraught history of nationalism" 9796: 9783: 8668: 8529:

In Christian! Police and Civil Guard against the Catalan language

6045:

Triandafyllidou, Anna (1998). "National Identity and the Other".

5708: 5450: 5275: 4989: 4948: 4943:

Some of the qualities that characterize integral nationalism are

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Liberal nationalism is commonly considered to be compatible with

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Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour

10614:"Trump Called Erdoğan to Congratulate Him on Referendum Results" 10558:"In Supporting Erdogan, Turks Cite Economic and Religious Gains" 8821: 8819: 8525:

En cristiano! Policia i Guàrdia Civil contra la llengua catalana

8388: 8060:"1810 Juntas Form in Caracas, Buenos Aires, Bogota and Santiago" 3967:). Nationalist parties have also joined governing coalitions in 3399:

or fascistic nationalist authoritarian dictatorship inspired by

2386:," which was a vast undertaking to transplant Aryans throughout 1667:

describes how intellectuals played a primary role in generating

16246: 16047: 15835: 15810: 15800: 15770: 15755: 15373: 14890: 10996: 7924:

Under the Shadow of Defeat: The War of 1870–71 in French Memory

6092:"Varieties of Nationalism: Communities, Narratives, Identities" 4997: 4922: 4918: 4876: 4796: 4778: 4525:

supporters, the insistence of the Muslims under the separatist

4284: 4147: 4095: 4052: 3976: 3960: 3948: 3894: 3543: 3481: 3473: 3381: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3227: 3121: 2889: 2877: 2869: 2664: 2629: 2447: 2399: 2387: 2360: 2276: 2164: 1926: 1867:

wrote in 1944 that nationalism emerged in the 17th century. In

1848:

as the personification of the English national spirit in 1712.

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Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights

13636:

The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background

12363:

Robert Zuzowski, "The Left and Nationalism in Eastern Europe"

11318:

Yack, Bernard (1 March 1996). "The myth of the civic nation".

11252:

The Idea of Nationalism: A Study of Its Origins and Background

10749:

Herbst, Jeffrey (Spring 1990). "War and the State in Africa".

9581:

Ramet, Sabrina (1996). "Eastern Europe's Painful Transition".

7584:

The Idea Of Nationalism: A Study In Its Origins And Background

7490:

The Rise of English Nationalism: A Cultural History, 1740–1830

7429:

The Rise of English Nationalism: A Cultural History, 1740–1830

7328:. Studies in European History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 5. 3891:

waves of Muslim refugees, especially from the Syrian Civil War

2750: 2095: – Orthodox Christianity and protection of the 1909: 16276: 15765: 15700: 14460:, comprehensive collection of new articles by modern scholars 14097:

Identity As Ideology: Understanding Ethnicity and Nationalism

13740:

Varieties of Nationalism: Communities, Narratives, Identities

10709:"Nationalism, Exclusion and Violence: A Territorial Approach" 10277:"Japan emperor greets at celebration hosted by conservatives" 8816: 8006:

Russian Literary Culture in the Camera Age: The Word as Image

7703:"Prime Minister Vanhanen at the Celebration of J.V. Snellman" 5442: 5282:

due to the inherent contradiction of anarchist philosophy of

5060: 4463: 4419: 3551: 3539: 3365: 3361: 3050: 2835: 2160: 1734: 1614: 13556:

Nations and Nationalism Since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality

11787:"Liberal Nationalist versus Postnational Social Integration" 10937: 10935: 10901: 10899: 10897: 9956:"Threat to collapse Fico coalition after journalist killing" 7199:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3, 11–13, 6880:

Peripheral Visions: Publics, Power, and Performance in Yemen

4958:

is one example of Pan-nationalism. The goal is to unite all

4297: 3573:

Arabs were demanding independence from the British Mandate.

3352:

to create a unified Greek state), used today in the case of

2993:

but were harshly crushed by Russia, which tried to make the

16271: 15695: 12818:

Middle East and North Africa: Challenge to Western Security

10442:

The Lure of Greatness: England's Brexit and America's Trump

10088:"Narendra Modi Wins Again – What Does That Mean for India?" 8500:

Compilation of genocidal actions against the Catalan nation

8291:"Hitler and the Himalayas: The SS Mission to Tibet 1938–39" 7359:(2014) p. xi, with details on each country large and small. 5446: 5438: 4815:

World War II United States Patriotic Army Recruiting Poster

4040:

referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom

3932:

and waves of immigration have led to a significant rise of

3077: 2492: 1726: 13614:

Globalism, Nationalism, Tribalism: Bringing Theory Back In

10678:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 309–331. 7850:

Kohn, Hans (1950). "Napoleon and the Age of Nationalism".

6704:

Direct causality can be drawn between nationalism and war.

6254:"Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know" 5083:

in South Africa and numerous movements in Eastern Europe.

3943:

In Russia, exploitation of nationalist sentiments allowed

3881:

in the late 20th century led to a rise in nationalism and

2711:

During the first half of 20th century (notably during the

1941:

The political development of nationalism and the push for

1489:

Beginning in the late 18th century, particularly with the

16:

Political ideology that promotes the interests of a nation

15840: 15735: 13059:(2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 97–98. 12608: 11501:. SAIACS Press & Oxford House Research. p. 157. 11499:

Indian and Christian: Changing Identities in Modern India

11029: 10932: 10894: 10588:"European Leaders Say Vote Shows 'Deeply Divided' Turkey" 9498:

Huntington, Samuel (1993). "The Clash of Civilizations".

8843: 8624:

Racisme i supremacisme polítics a l'Espanya contemporània

8601:] (in Catalan). Barcelona: Edicions 62. p. 453. 8455:, páginas 45-46, L'Espill, nº 24, Universitat de València 6660:

Global Matrix: Nationalism, Globalism and State-Terrorism

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gained prominence in their respective nations advocating

3252:, although some support lasted through the 20th century. 2791:, especially in Britain, which was the result of western 2548:

that pushed its economy to the fifth place in the world.

1757:

provide "a closer approximation to the ideal type of the

13790:

Nationalism: What We Know and What We Still Need to Know

13589:

Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community

12604: 12602: 11624: 11070: 11068: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10744: 10742: 10018:"In Ukraine, nationalists gain influence – and scrutiny" 8496:

Recopilació d'accions genocides contra la nació catalana

7357:

The Long-man companion to European nationalism 1789–1920

5968:

Nation Formation: Towards a Theory of Abstract Community

5697:

stated that "Nationalism is merely the glorification of

5515:

Commonwealth Games from 1970 to 1974 and since then the

5361:

nationals than those who were born there and are called

4276:

while praising the intimacy of traditional communities.

3124:

domination of Bulgaria's culture and religion. His work

3116:

The Bulgarian national revival started with the work of

2551:

The working class in those decades voted mostly for the

26:

This article is about the ideology. For other uses, see

13558:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11679: 10385:

Nippon Kaigi: Empire, Contradiction, and Japan’s Future

8987:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 7992:

Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia 1825–1855

6506:

Bonikowski, Bart; Feinstein, Yuval; Bock, Sean (2021).

6505: 5320:

form of ethnic and racial separatism while wanting the

5015:

by liberating themselves from the accused persecutors.

4992:

featuring an anti-American and anti-imperialist message

4799:

of nationalism through socially constructed notions of

3546:) gradually gained independence between 1921 and 1946; 2904:

in which Austria-Hungary dissolved into nation states.

2671:, who admired the German and Italian modeling policies: 2371:. This party was devoted to what they identified as an 1905:

International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

1592:

Title page from the second edition (Amsterdam 1631) of

13963:

Belonging: solidarity and division in modern societies

13258:, 1960. Fletcher and son Ltd., Norwich, United Kingdom 12835: 12062:"Gendered nationalism: Reproducing "Us" versus "Them"" 11407:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. 9650: 8628:

Political racism and supremacism in contemporary Spain

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into one country. They did succeed by uniting several

4058:

calls for a second referendum on Scottish independence

3045:(1783–1830), a leader of independence in Latin America 2359:

German nationalism, expressed through the ideology of

1704: 1609:

in the early 17th century. Living in the times of the

1430:

power. It further aims to build and maintain a single

13084:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 78–79. 12599: 12315:"Class and Nation: Problems of Socialist Nationalism" 11490: 11065: 11053: 11041: 11017: 10911: 10739: 10347:"Tokyo's new governor defies more than glass ceiling" 9702:"The New European Nationalism and the Migrant Crisis" 8981:

Vasiliev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, Vasiliev (1952).

8855: 8831: 7734:"Five Facts That You Didn't Know About J.V. Snellman" 6921:

Smith, A.D. (1991). National Identity. Penguin. p.87.

6912:

Smith, A.D. (1991). National Identity. Penguin. p.96.

6903:

Smith, A.D. (1991). National Identity. Penguin. p.94.

4355:

Nationalist and liberal pressure led to the European

1426:, and that the nation is the only rightful source of 14337:

Ethno-symbolism and Nationalism: A Cultural Approach

8696:"Aproximación al nacionalismo español contemporáneo" 8215:

Boj o pohraničí: Sudetoněmecký Freikorps v roce 1938

7959: 7957: 7910:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 14. 7562: 7295:

Calhoun, Craig (1993). "Nationalism and Ethnicity".

7040: 6930: 5224:. National-anarchists claim that those of different 4327:

views of the late nineteenth century. Thinkers like

2719:), a new brand of Spanish nationalism with a marked 1671:

and providing the ideology of political nationalism:

1422:), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a 13192: 12064:. In Turpin, Jennifer; Lorentzen, Lois Ann (eds.). 11207:Wirth, Louis (1 May 1936). "Types of Nationalism". 10524: 10140: 9119:

Nationalism and federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962–1991

6688:"How Significant is Nationalism as a Cause of War?" 4886:Nations and gender systems are mutually supportive 1917:(1806–1881), who also possessed the professions of 14261: 13815: 13586: 13082:The Meaning of Things: Applying Philosophy to Life 11497:Bennema, Cornelis; Bhakiaraj, Paul Joshua (2011). 11470: 10491: 9615: 9546:Berg, Steven (2004). "Why Yugoslavia Fell Apart". 9011: 8693: 8681: 7673:"Snellman, the man who inspired Finns to be Finns" 4173:Many scholars have noted the relationship between 3834:in post-Soviet and post-Yugoslav states after the 3766:There was a rise in extreme nationalism after the 3191:hoped that the new Jewish state would be based on 2787:in the 1820s and 1830s inspired supporters across 2503:sought to enlarge his political base by emulating 14420:"Nationality: The History of a Social Phenomenon" 14388:. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press. 13872:The Oxford handbook of the history of nationalism 12666: 12474: 12470: 12468: 12466: 12464: 12462: 12460: 12458: 11357:. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. 10555: 9157:Geoffrey A. Hosking and George Schöpflin (1997). 8424:] (in Catalan). El Gall editor. p. 422. 8389:Stephen Barbour; Cathie Carmichael, eds. (2000). 7954: 7267: 7024:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism 6157:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 6040: 6038: 6030:Nationalism and the Moral Psychology of Community 5620:(a socialist), were more sympathetic to national 4755:terms of military prowess and economic strength. 4400:declared that "the working men have no country". 4117:In 2017, Turkish nationalism propelled President 17535: 14216:Theories of Nationalism: A Critical Introduction 12563: 12561: 12559: 12522: 12520: 12518: 12516: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12508: 12406: 12404: 12402: 12400: 12398: 12396: 12068:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 11942:The Political Economy of International Relations 11496: 10438: 10210: 9411:Nationalism in colonial and post-colonial Africa 9132:Prussian Poland in the German Empire (1871–1900) 9106:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 9050: 7963: 7315: 5035:Other examples of left-wing nationalism include 4893: 4655:Civic nationalism lies within the traditions of 2735:, which was in turn complemented by the myth of 13346:Nationalism is Glorified Tribalism Krishnamurti 12763: 12761: 12289:The Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism. 10176: 9832: 9721: 8464: 7026:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 42. 6994: 6044: 5998:. In Geoghegan, Vincent; Wilford, Rick (eds.). 5677:, and on conflicts between nations inspired by 3021:. It held there was a Polish utopia during the 2105: – unconditional loyalty to the 13673:. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers. 13572: 13545:The Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism 13013: 12868:The Dirty Game: Uncovering the Scandal at FIFA 12637: 12635: 12567: 12526: 12455: 11945:. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–34. 11879:"The Website of Political Research Associates" 11588:The Blackwell companion to political sociology 11274: 11123: 9859: 9717: 9715: 8785: 8740: 6398: 6148: 6146: 6035: 5335:anarchist philosophy and the contributions of 4591:Civic nationalism is normally associated with 4557:in Soviet satellite states and continues with 4294:as the basis of many nationalist governments. 3476:, pictured at a nationalist rally in colonial 2919:on 1 December 1918, and the country was named 2536:and a political doctrine of his own creation, 15656: 15173: 14565: 13856:(2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. 12949:International Journal of the History of Sport 12556: 12505: 12393: 12312: 11581: 11579: 11518: 11134: 10407: 10244: 9699: 8531:] (in Catalan). Cossetània. p. 216. 7906:Moran, Daniel; Waldron, Arthur, eds. (2003). 7454:The Union Jack: The Story of the British Flag 7425: 7001:. Oxford University Press. pp. 259–260. 6816:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013) ch 1 6685: 6627: 4404:supported the concept of self-determination. 4316:and promoted along lines of common ancestry. 4154:conceptualized the state as the result of a " 3990:has grown in popularity with the rise of the 3838:were followed by a resurgence of nationalism. 2355:gained 88% of ethnic-German votes in May 1938 1372: 768: 16162: 14292:. Hanover: University Press of New England. 13733: 13526:The Sage Handbook of Nations and Nationalism 13518: 12758: 11675:Considerations on Representative Government. 11554:. Berkeley: University of California Press. 11440:(First ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. 10527:"Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs" 10214:Global Crises, Social Justice, and Education 10118:"The Regional Reach of Buddhist Nationalism" 9437:South Africa: The rise and fall of apartheid 8621: 8321: 7905: 7398: 7066:. Princeton University Press. pp. 5–6. 6801:The age of nationalism and reform, 1850–1890 6349: 6251: 6089: 5756:List of active nationalist parties in Europe 5007:Many nationalist movements are dedicated to 3542:was established in 1920; Transjordan (later 2876:) to the south. Nationalist circles in both 2783:. The Greek drive for independence from the 2499:. The liberal government under the Sicilian 2187:are credited with co-founding the movement. 16098: 12767: 12710:. Munich, Germany: GRIN Verlag. p. 4. 12660: 12641: 12632: 12147:. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 1–368. 11897: 10706: 9862:"The Problem With Poland's New Nationalism" 9712: 9462:Ethnic Conflicts WorldWide, Current History 9077: 8873: 8849: 8825: 8415: 6722:. Cambridge University Press. p. 214. 6570:"Varieties of American Popular Nationalism" 6379: 6377: 6143: 6032:. University of Chicago Press, 2012. p. 142 3940:across Greece, especially among the youth. 3621:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3348:(unity of ethnically Greek states with the 3030:, known as the "Endecja," which was led by 2896:in Bosnia assassinated Archduke Ferdinand. 2767:During the early 19th century, inspired by 2299:in 1806 promoted a feeling of nationalism. 2088:. Three components of Uvarov's triad were: 1556:, and the compatibility of nationalism and 1508:developed alongside nationalism during the 1394:is an idea or movement that holds that the 15663: 15649: 15180: 15166: 14572: 14558: 14414: 13404: 13371: 13149:"Rosa Luxemburg and the national question" 11576: 11099: 10997:Kevin N. Laland; Gillian R. Brown (2011). 10531:Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 9497: 8545: 8446:Els orígens històrics de l'anticatalanisme 8120:The Spanish American Revolutions 1808–1826 7775: 7507: 6883:. University of Chicago Press. p. 8. 6814:Internationalism in the Age of Nationalism 6653: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6233: 5924:. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. 4777:, even if this requires the imposition of 4682:Ukrainian nationalists carry portraits of 4381: 2579:, rooted in the political position of the 1379: 1365: 775: 761: 14242:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 14210: 14135: 14113: 14091: 13989:Nationalism in Asia: A History Since 1945 13932: 13031: 12894:Sports and Nationalism in Latin/o America 12881:Nationalism in Asia: A History Since 1945 12477:"Rebranding Fascism: National-Anarchists" 11382:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10380: 10378: 9676: 8984:History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453 8762: 8522: 8422:The Spanishization of Mallorca: 1808-1932 8003: 7920: 7782:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 21–22. 7190: 6558: 6474: 6269: 6155:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics 5993: 5000:", is a political movement that combines 4298:Primordialist evolutionary interpretation 4170:", or socially constructed institutions. 3754:Learn how and when to remove this message 3736:Learn how and when to remove this message 3678:Learn how and when to remove this message 3472:, an anti-colonial political leader from 2023:The French reaction was a famous case of 1832:was adopted in 1801 as the national one. 15670: 15187: 14316:(2. ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press. 14147: 14028: 13968: 13877: 13851: 13642: 13550: 13547:(1928) the first major scholarly survey. 13470: 13176: 13174: 13109:. 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The movement has been opposed by 3146:Internal Revolutionary Organization 2973:invaded, annexed, and subsequently 2917:State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 2640:, have been a historical constant. 2232:Latin American Wars of Independence 1705:Dating the emergence of nationalism 1669:cultural perceptions of nationalism 1493:and the spread of the principle of 1478:. The two main divergent forms are 1470:, and to promote national unity or 13: 14487:Internet Modern History Sourcebook 14451:"Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions" 14340:. 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It also includes ideas of a 3866: 3705:needs additional citations for 3610:or discuss these issues on the 3517:multiracial elections were held 3344:movements Greek advocating for 3255: 2713:dictatorship of Primo de Rivera 2149:wars against the Ottoman Empire 1898: 17483:Separation of church and state 17381:Collectivism and individualism 17336:The Origins of Totalitarianism 15070:Historiography and nationalism 13743:. Cambridge University Press. 12736:"White Nationalism, Explained" 10956:Politics and the Life Sciences 10841:. Cambridge University Press. 10696:. Verso Books. pp. 48–56. 10211:Michael W. Apple, ed. (2009). 9837:. Institute of Modern Russia. 9657:European Journal of Psychology 9424:Nationalism in Colonial Africa 8651:Joe, Brew (26 February 2019). 8494:Lluís, García Sevilla (2021). 8465:Mayans Balcells, Pere (2019). 8004:Hutchings, Stephen C. (2004). 7405:. Cambridge University Press. 7191:Goodblatt, David, ed. 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It lasted until 1994, when 2888:union in the 1860s, claiming 2577:War of the Spanish Succession 2530:Allies in the First World War 2466:into the single state of the 2347:being welcomed by a crowd in 1881:, the popular British author 1836:composed the patriotic song " 1800:A postcard from 1916 showing 1398:should be congruent with the 1257:Critique of political economy 707:Seasonal or cultural festival 17421:Institutional discrimination 17416:History of political thought 16148:Negative and positive rights 14519:University of South Carolina 14424:Nationality in World History 13961:Guibernau, Montserrat 2013 ( 13958:) Polity Press, Cambridge UK 13954:Guibernau, Montserrat 2007 ( 13940:. Harvard University Press. 13461:Resources in other libraries 12313:Schwarzmantel, J. J (2006). 11832:Twentieth Century Literature 11614:Princeton University Press. 11378:Tudor, Maya Jessica (2013). 10525:Teehankee, Julio C. 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They imagined a 3127:Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya 3094:Bulgarian National Awakening 2610:Catalan-speaking territories 2495:and the very well organized 2325:History of Prussian Politics 2307:peace in Europe after 1871. 1617:and the Netherlands and the 838:Outline of political science 28:Nationalist (disambiguation) 7: 17431:Justification for the state 17216:Two Treatises of Government 14268:. Cambridge: Polity Press. 14179:Harvard Asia Pacific Review 13822:. New York: Paragon House. 13818:Encyclopedia of Nationalism 13717:Encyclopedia of Nationalism 13670:Encyclopedia of Nationalism 13652:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 12585:10.1080/0031322022000054321 12388:Encyclopedia of Nationalism 12060:Peterson, Spike V. (1998). 12049:– via Journals.Yorku. 10880:. Oxford University Press. 10835:Lawrence, Adria K. (2013). 10692:Anderson, Benedict (2006). 10245:The Passenger, ed. 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It promoted 3333: 3264: 3098:Bulgarian National Revival 3087: 2950: 2806: 2587:, the assimilation of the 2563:in the 1980s (whose party 2423: 2297:Confederation of the Rhine 2264: 2260: 2229: 2046: 2006:) with a call to service: 1998:, taken by Germany in 1871 1975: 1969: 1902: 1844:invented the character of 1655:Nationalist historiography 1652: 1648: 843:Index of politics articles 680:Principle of nationalities 25: 18: 17518: 17368: 17137: 16785: 16518: 16398: 16317: 16229: 16220: 16086: 15920: 15849: 15678: 15488: 15282: 15195: 15020:Anarchism and nationalism 15012: 14991: 14949:List of fascist movements 14730:Constitutional patriotism 14663: 14587: 14511:"The Nationalism Project" 14174:"Nations and Nationalism" 13965:) Polity Press, Cambridge 13854:Nationalism and the State 13848:(1998), textbook; 104 pp. 13456:Resources in your library 13376:. New York: John Day Co. 13315:The Saturday Evening Post 13303:Viereck, George Sylvester 13153:Marxists Internet Archive 12610:Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas 12429:10.1080/00313220500198292 12386:Alexander J. Motyl, ed., 12228:10.1017/s0260210507007310 11759:10.1017/s000305540200028x 11673:Mill, John Stuart. 1861. 11332:10.1080/08913819608443417 11289:10.1080/13569319808420780 10968:10.1017/S0730938400025363 10874:Hechter, Michael (2000). 10676:Weber: Political Writings 10645:"The Nature of the State" 10439:Barnett, Anthony (2017). 10390:12 September 2018 at the 9051:Birgit Bock-Luna (2007). 8960:10.1080/01419870120063954 8948:Ethnic and Racial Studies 7990:Nicholas V. Riasanovsky, 7964:Jeremy D. Popkin (2016). 7466:Scholes, Percy A (1970). 6047:Ethnic and Racial Studies 5920:Brubaker, Rogers (1996). 5863:Hechter, Michael (2000). 5383: 5081:African National Congress 5073:Galician Nationalist Bloc 4709: 4694: 3450: 3414:and led by Greek general 3386:Greco-Turkish war of 1919 3273:decisive defeat of Russia 3118:Saint Paisius of Hilendar 2946: 2862:international recognition 2838:were ruled by the Muslim 2802: 2781:Greek war of independence 2762: 2756:Greek War of Independence 2745:constitutional patriotism 2255:complex series of revolts 2042: 1965: 1802:national personifications 1534:" and nationalism as an " 257:Constitutional patriotism 17306:The Revolt of the Masses 14029:Kuznicki, Jason (2008). 14022:26 November 2016 at the 14005:23 November 2016 at the 13405:Newton Lee, ed. (2019). 13107:Key Concepts in Politics 13105:Heywood, Andrew (2000). 13055:Heywood, Andrew (1999). 12822:Hoover Institution Press 12704:Dindar, Oezguer (2009). 12374:23 November 2016 at the 12260:Contemporary Nationalism 12066:The Woman and War Reader 11785:Abizadeh, Arash (2004). 11741:Abizadeh, Arash (2002). 11550:Mbembe, Achille (2001). 11525:Chitkara, M. G. (1998). 11436:Said, Edward W. (1978). 11403:Gellner, Ernest (1997). 11353:Lawrence, Adria (2013). 11003:. Oxford UP. p. 2. 9777:17 November 2017 at the 8899:10.1177/1468796805049922 8802:10.1177/0265691404042507 8755:10.21001/itma.2020.14.04 8146:Central European History 8090:"Monroe Doctrine (1823)" 8008:. Routledge. p. 86. 6995:T.C.W. Blanning (2003). 6934:Nationalism and Violence 6595:Wimmer, Andreas (2019). 5994:Finlayson, Alan (2014). 5893:Gellner, Ernest (1983). 5846: 5498: 5410:. Specific examples are 5030:socialism in one country 4838:and empire-building, to 4728:, a common faith, and a 4688:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 4673:representative democracy 4618:Catalan Republican Party 4614:Breton Federalist League 4580:in his lecture in 1882 " 4433: 4109:became president of the 4088:Make America Great Again 3260: 3133:His successor was Saint 3028:National Democracy Party 2909:Banat, Bačka and Baranja 2653:Cortes del Estatuto Real 2570: 2419: 19:Not to be confused with 17286:The Communist Manifesto 16212:Tyranny of the majority 16123:Consent of the governed 14543:4 February 2015 at the 14476:Encyclopædia Britannica 14469:15 January 2022 at the 14456:21 October 2022 at the 14156:. Stanford University. 13956:The Identity of Nations 13920:Nations and Nationalism 13852:Breuilly, John (1994). 13788:; Tudor, Maya (2021). " 13256:Russell Speaks His Mind 13131:World Book Encyclopedia 13080:Grayling, A.C. (2001). 12365:East European Quarterly 12185:10.1023/a:1011099627847 11939:Gilpin, Robert (1987). 11792:Nations and Nationalism 11702:Nations and Nationalism 9812:10.1111/1467-954X.12270 9800:The Sociological Review 9669:10.5964/ejop.v12i2.1191 8850:Muro & Quiroga 2005 8826:Muro & Quiroga 2005 8708:University of Salamanca 8682:Riquer i Permanyer 1994 8593:Fontana, Josep (1998). 8395:. Oxford UP chapter 8. 8034:Nations and Nationalism 7474:Oxford University Press 6597:"Why Nationalism Works" 6184:Nations and Nationalism 6059:10.1080/014198798329784 5896:Nations and Nationalism 5471:Territorial nationalism 5196:philosophical anarchism 4541:and the Hindu-majority 4389:The Communist Manifesto 4382:Marxist interpretations 4002:is also on the rise in 3523:was elected president. 2907:In 1918, the region of 2754:Beginning in 1821, the 2655:he defended the effort: 2330:Historische Zeitschrift 2321:Heinrich von Treitschke 2097:Russian Orthodox Church 1690:Johann Gottfried Herder 1252:Political organisations 1015:International relations 853:Politics by subdivision 16163: 16113:Clash of civilizations 16099: 15065:Gender and nationalism 14099:. Palgrave Macmillan. 13902:Theorizing Nationalism 13737:; Tudor, Maya (2023). 13187:1 October 2019 at the 13016:"Pandemic Nationalism" 12031:Canadian Woman Studies 10877:Containing Nationalism 10794:International Security 10751:International Security 9355:Patricia Buckley Ebrey 9057:. LIT Verlag Münster. 8228:Hochman, Adam (2015). 7615:The Outline of History 7432:. Palgrave Macmillan. 7426:Gerald Newman (1997). 7355:Raymond Pearson, ed., 7095:Kramer, Lloyd (2011). 6967:Slovak Studies Program 6745:The Review of Politics 6657:; James, Paul (2005). 6463:International Security 6388:. London: Verso Books. 6356:Smith, Deanna (2007). 6004:. Routledge. pp. 5960:, 2010. pp. 9, 25–30; 5866:Containing Nationalism 5639: 5487: 5324:of calling themselves 5155:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 4993: 4846:, whereby the East is 4816: 4791:Nationalism and gender 4730:common ethnic ancestry 4691: 4559:independence movements 4509:and his allies in the 4475: 4371: 4360: 4309:The Nature of Politics 4075: 4019:nationalist influences 3992:Bharatiya Janata Party 3839: 3485: 3327: 3291: 3153:April Uprising of 1876 3102:April Uprising of 1876 3046: 2977:. Napoleon set up the 2915:joined the union with 2852:Principality of Serbia 2828: 2775:, former movements of 2759: 2717:dictatorship of Franco 2689: 2677: 2661: 2649:Antonio Alcalà Galiano 2597:Decrees of Nova planta 2583:and the absolutism of 2581:Count-Duke of Olivares 2526: 2451: 2356: 2284: 2076:" was coined by Count 2065: 2013: 1999: 1963: 1938: 1915:Johan Vilhelm Snellman 1896: 1809: 1699:separate German states 1678: 1606:De jure belli ac pacis 1596: 1594:De jure belli ac pacis 605:Gender and nationalism 16128:Divine right of kings 15095:National indifference 14141:Grounded Nationalisms 14041:. Thousand Oaks, CA: 13749:10.1017/9781108973298 12964:96.364 (2009): 5–15. 12573:Patterns of Prejudice 12417:Patterns of Prejudice 12257:Brown, David (2003). 12143:Said, Edward (1979). 12093:Mayer, Tamar (2000). 11661:28 April 2021 at the 11654:Renan, Ernest. 1882. 10649:Oxford Bibliographies 9275:Jewish Social Studies 9254:David, Engel (2009). 8747:Universitat de Lleida 8213:Hruška, Emil (2013), 8161:(Cambridge UP, 1991). 8148:30#2 (1997): 187–220. 7647:kansallisbiografia.fi 7523:. London: Routledge. 7399:Michael Mann (2012). 6877:Wedeen, Lisa (2008). 6564:Bonikowski, Bart and 6104:10.1017/9781108973298 5634: 5505:Nationalism and sport 5478: 5461:) are some examples. 5428:Religious nationalism 5269:beyond left and right 5131:(published by former 5041:26th of July Movement 4988:A political mural in 4987: 4980:Left-wing nationalism 4836:hegemonic masculinity 4814: 4785:Gendered and muscular 4771:state interventionism 4738:cultural assimilation 4681: 4515:composite nationalism 4461: 4366: 4354: 4237:Arnold Joseph Toynbee 4066: 3930:Greek economic crisis 3903:UK Independence Party 3830: 3583:Breakup of Yugoslavia 3577:Breakup of Yugoslavia 3468: 3307: 3286: 3216:Jewish Territorialism 3040: 2880:and Croatia (part of 2842:. The success of the 2826:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2824: 2753: 2685: 2673: 2657: 2517: 2441: 2398:, and all of Western 2351:, where the pro-Nazi 2343: 2313:Johann Gustav Droysen 2281:German tricolor flags 2274: 2072:. The Russian motto " 2056: 2008: 1989: 1976:Further information: 1958: 1912: 1891: 1814:Industrial Revolution 1806:Allies of World War I 1799: 1763:religious nationalism 1688:The Prussian scholar 1673: 1653:Further information: 1591: 1578:left-wing nationalism 1566:national conservatism 1410:) over its perceived 1332:Political campaigning 1072:Public administration 905:Collective leadership 655:National indifference 17549:Political ideologies 17276:Democracy in America 16655:political philosophy 16638:political philosophy 16453:political philosophy 16282:political philosophy 16192:Separation of powers 16153:Night-watchman state 16138:Monopoly on violence 15672:Political philosophy 15189:Political ideologies 15040:Cultural nationalism 14932:National syndicalist 14049:. pp. 347–349. 13971:The Necessary Nation 13900:Day, Graham (2004). 13870:Breuilly, John, ed. 13182:Notes on Nationalism 13033:10.1017/nps.2021.105 13020:Nationalities Papers 12951:6#2 (1989): 145–155. 12642:Sykes, Alan (2005). 12025:Mackay, Eva (2000). 11739:For criticism, see: 11697:For criticism, see: 11612:Liberal Nationalism. 11250:Kohn, Hans (2005) . 11124:K. Marx, F. Engels. 10396:Asia-Pacific Journal 10248:The Passenger: Japan 9806:(2_suppl): 231–249. 9269:Alroey, Gur (2011). 9160:Myths and Nationhood 8183:Adolf Hausrath, ed. 7581:Kohn, Hans (1967) . 6960:"Herder on Language" 6575:7 March 2021 at the 6476:10.1162/isec_a_00329 6072:Smith, A.D. (1981). 5825:Notes on Nationalism 5479:Nationalist slogan " 4930:American nationalism 4900:Integral nationalism 4765:Economic nationalism 4555:resistance movements 4539:Dominion of Pakistan 4472:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 4440:Types of nationalism 4168:Imagined Communities 4135:political scientists 4119:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 4000:Buddhist nationalism 3928:. In the 2010s, the 3926:Spanish nationalists 3914:Catalan nationalists 3887:September 11 attacks 3778:In his 1992 article 3714:improve this article 3393:4th of August regime 3299:New Culture Movement 3135:Sophronius of Vratsa 2894:Serb revolutionaries 2733:National-Catholicism 2706:shaped against Islam 2353:Sudeten German Party 2059:Millennium of Russia 1978:French–German enmity 1937:in the 19th century. 1935:Finnish nationalists 1755:Second Temple period 1721:and even antiquity. 1660:Intellectual origins 1532:imagined communities 1520:Modernization theory 1514:socially constructed 1476:types of nationalism 1182:Separation of powers 1053:Political psychology 1028:Comparative politics 1006:political scientists 993:Academic disciplines 873:Political philosophy 580:Cultural nationalism 449:National syndicalist 17466:Right-wing politics 17346:A Theory of Justice 17316:The Road to Serfdom 17236:The Social Contract 15943:Christian democracy 15307:Christian democracy 15115:Nationalism studies 13844:Baycroft, Timothy. 13795:3 July 2022 at the 13305:(26 October 1929). 13273:"The ethics of war" 13198:1 July 2019 at the 12971:7 June 2019 at the 12775:New York Daily News 12537:Intelligence Report 12097:. Psychology Press. 11610:Tamir, Yael. 1993. 11586:Nash, Kate (2001). 11038:, pp. 495–496. 10944:, pp. 272–273. 10908:, pp. 508–509. 10674:Weber, Max (1994). 10475:. 22 October 2018. 10251:. Europa Editions. 10154:. 12 October 2017. 10124:. 7 November 2017. 10086:Iwanek, Krzysztof. 9748:. 5 February 2018. 9315:Rotem Kowner, ed., 9104:Christopher Clark, 8451:5 June 2022 at the 8018:Astrid S. Tuminez, 7817:The History Teacher 7776:John Horne (2012). 7322:Zimmer, O. (2003). 7128:Kohn, Hans (1939). 6775:merriam-webster.com 5786:Nationalism studies 5483:", used during the 5396:banning race mixing 5356:Nativism (politics) 5244:, economically non- 5079:in Bangladesh, the 5009:national liberation 4593:liberal nationalism 4531:Indian subcontinent 4357:Revolutions of 1848 4225:Rabindranath Tagore 4213:Carlton J. H. Hayes 4123:national referendum 3996:right-wing populism 3916:have led a renewed 3836:revolutions of 1989 3768:Revolutions of 1989 3457:African nationalism 3295:May Fourth Movement 3267:Chinese nationalism 3139:Bulgarian Exarchate 2933:Yugoslav Communists 2817:Serbian nationalism 2725:the other languages 2645:Spanish nationalism 2606:national minorities 2509:Italian nationalism 2456:Italian unification 2442:People cheering as 2434:Italian unification 2430:Italian nationalism 2275:Revolutionaries in 2257:from 1808 to 1826. 2141:pan-Slavic movement 2113:protection for all 2049:Russian nationalism 1943:popular sovereignty 1791:American Revolution 1743:Great Jewish Revolt 1570:right-wing populism 1495:popular sovereignty 1444:geographic location 1355:Politics portal 1204:Election commission 1175:Government branches 1058:Political sociology 910:Confessional system 848:Politics by country 749:Politics portal 702:Right-wing populism 660:Nationalism studies 17478:Political violence 17473:Political theology 17456:Left-wing politics 17451:Political spectrum 15222:Political spectrum 14497:on 28 October 2014 14491:Fordham University 14186:(1). Spring 2010. 13874:(Oxford UP, 2013). 13543:Hayes, Carlton J. 13472:Anderson, Benedict 12740:The New York Times 12345:on 19 October 2017 12173:Theory and Society 11912:Timothy Baycroft, 11645:, pp. 188–189 9998:on 25 October 2018 9992:Xinhua News Agency 9439:(Routledge, 2013). 9345:(Oxford UP, 2015). 9319:(Routledge, 2006). 9117:Sabrina P. Ramet, 8944:Núñez, Xosé-Manoel 8203:(1990) pp. 399–401 7921:K. Varley (2008). 7472:(tenth ed.). 6716:Gat, Azar (2012). 6196:10.1111/nana.12349 5695:Jiddu Krishnamurti 5622:self-determination 5517:Commonwealth Games 5488: 5390:Racial nationalism 5310:white nationalists 5261:national-anarchism 5259:Although the term 5192:ethnic nationalism 5119:post-Soviet states 5093:National-anarchism 5087:National-anarchism 5043:that launched the 5013:self-determination 5004:with nationalism. 5002:left-wing politics 4998:National Socialism 4994: 4945:anti-individualism 4817: 4716:Ethnic nationalism 4701:Creole nationalism 4692: 4661:ethnic nationalism 4482:in the mid-1900s. 4476: 4361: 4076: 4026:ultra-conservative 3957:Jarosław Kaczyński 3845:Slobodan Milošević 3840: 3780:Jihad vs. McWorld, 3643:possibly contains 3486: 3228:moved to Palestine 3163:Jewish Nationalism 3111:under Ottoman rule 3047: 2975:partitioned Poland 2957:Polish nationalism 2935:established a new 2844:Serbian Revolution 2833:Orthodox Christian 2831:For centuries the 2829: 2760: 2452: 2444:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2357: 2317:Heinrich von Sybel 2285: 2267:German nationalism 2210:. You can help by 2185:Konstantin Aksakov 2066: 2000: 1972:French nationalism 1939: 1810: 1774:French nationalism 1597: 1536:invented tradition 1499:self determination 1480:ethnic nationalism 1420:self-determination 1038:Political analysis 970:Semi-parliamentary 620:Imagined community 454:National Bolshevik 173:Self-determination 17531: 17530: 17441:Philosophy of law 17386:Conflict theories 17226:The Spirit of Law 17133: 17132: 16182:Original position 15638: 15637: 15337:Constitutionalism 15200:The Establishment 15155: 15154: 15100:National question 15060:Gastronationalism 15045:Diaspora politics 15035:Banal nationalism 15004:Nationalist Clubs 14525:on 2 October 2019 14356:Smith, Anthony D. 14332:Smith, Anthony D. 14308:Smith, Anthony D. 14284:Smith, Anthony D. 14258:Smith, Anthony D. 14234:Smith, Anthony D. 14137:Malesevic, Sinisa 14115:Malesevic, Sinisa 14093:Malesevic, Sinisa 13918:Gellner, Ernest. 13552:Hobsbawm, Eric J. 13519:Delanty, Gerard; 13501:Banal Nationalism 13480:. London: Verso. 13442:Library resources 13416:978-3-030-16920-6 13269:Russell, Bertrand 12866:Andrew Jennings, 12319:Political Studies 12287:in his 1928 book 11881:. PublicEye.org. 11552:On the postcolony 11478:. Politics Review 11472:"Politics Review" 10620:. 18 April 2017. 10024:. 18 March 2014. 9964:. 13 March 2018. 9932:. 25 April 2017. 9787:. 8 October 2017. 9706:Stanford Politics 9064:978-3-8258-9752-9 8891:SAGE Publications 8828:, pp. 17–18. 8684:, pp. 14–15. 8480:978-84-947201-4-7 8296:Tricycle Magazine 8170:Louis L. Snyder, 8094:National Archives 7549:French Revolution 7515:Smith, Anthony D. 7274:. . p. 274. 7254:978-0-87417-204-1 7245:National Identity 7214:978-0-521-86202-8 7033:978-0-19-876820-3 6958:Votruba, Martin. 6799:See Norman Rich, 6585:, 81(5): 949–980. 6308:978-0-19-022863-7 5931:978-0-521-57649-9 5731:Gastronationalism 5616:(a communist) to 5536:COVID-19 pandemic 5459:Two-Nation Theory 5416:white nationalism 5412:black nationalism 5337:Jewish anarchists 5290:, dismantling of 5202:whilst rejecting 5200:stateless society 5178:racial separatism 5128:Alternative Green 5105:, founder of the 4775:capital formation 4686:and flags of the 4669:What is a Nation? 4641:individual rights 4606:Corsican Republic 4582:What is a Nation? 4571:Civic nationalism 4565:Civic and liberal 4543:Dominion of India 4484:Benedict Anderson 4262:Ferdinand Tönnies 4221:Ferdinand Tönnies 4164:Benedict Anderson 4129:Political science 3988:Hindu nationalism 3938:Greek nationalism 3764: 3763: 3756: 3746: 3745: 3738: 3688: 3687: 3680: 3645:original research 3625: 3567:Ottoman Palestine 3478:Northern Rhodesia 3461:History of Africa 3356:, as well as the 3350:Hellenic Republic 3336:Greek nationalism 3238:Jewish Autonomism 3205:Religious Zionism 2963:Habsburg monarchy 2953:History of Poland 2929:Yugoslav identity 2923:. It was renamed 2913:Kingdom of Serbia 2809:History of Serbia 2777:Greek nationalism 2528:Italy joined the 2513:R. J. B. Bosworth 2505:Otto von Bismarck 2464:Italian peninsula 2304:Otto von Bismarck 2293:Holy Roman Empire 2228: 2227: 2177:Aleksey Khomyakov 1787:Corsican Republic 1770:French Revolution 1741:as examples. The 1715:French Revolution 1682:Age of Revolution 1619:Thirty Years' War 1611:Eighty Years' War 1491:French Revolution 1484:civic nationalism 1432:national identity 1389: 1388: 1337:Political parties 1277:Electoral systems 1001:Political science 975:Semi-presidential 887:Political systems 863:Political history 858:Political economy 785: 784: 600:Gastronationalism 585:Diaspora politics 560:Banal nationalism 17556: 17446:Political ethics 17436:Machiavellianism 17376:Authoritarianism 17361: 17351: 17341: 17331: 17321: 17311: 17301: 17291: 17281: 17271: 17261: 17251: 17241: 17231: 17221: 17211: 17201: 17191: 17181: 17171: 17161: 17151: 16227: 16226: 16168: 16104: 16094:Balance of power 16068:Social democracy 16063:Social Darwinism 16038:Multiculturalism 15983:Environmentalism 15958:Communitarianism 15665: 15658: 15651: 15642: 15641: 15565:Internationalism 15496:Authoritarianism 15465:Social democracy 15359:Environmentalism 15322:Communitarianism 15182: 15175: 15168: 15159: 15158: 15138: 15125:Plurinationalism 15105:National revival 15075:Internationalism 15030:Anti-nationalism 15013:Related concepts 14574: 14567: 14560: 14551: 14550: 14534: 14532: 14530: 14521:. Archived from 14506: 14504: 14502: 14493:. Archived from 14439: 14437: 14435: 14416:White, Philip L. 14411: 14409: 14407: 14402:on 16 March 2009 14398:. Archived from 14375: 14351: 14327: 14303: 14279: 14267: 14253: 14229: 14207: 14205: 14203: 14169: 14167: 14165: 14144: 14132: 14110: 14088: 14086: 14084: 13987:Kingston, Jeff. 13984: 13973:. Princeton UP. 13951: 13915: 13896: 13885:. Cambridge UP. 13879:Brubaker, Rogers 13867: 13833: 13821: 13812:Snyder, Louis L. 13782: 13780: 13778: 13730: 13713:Motyl, Alexander 13708: 13684: 13663: 13630: 13628: 13626: 13604: 13592: 13578: 13569: 13540: 13515: 13504:. London: Sage. 13491: 13429: 13428: 13402: 13396: 13395: 13369: 13363: 13362: 13360: 13358: 13341: 13335: 13334: 13332: 13330: 13324: 13311: 13299: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13288: 13265: 13259: 13253: 13247: 13244: 13238: 13237: 13209: 13203: 13178: 13169: 13168: 13166: 13164: 13141: 13135: 13127: 13121: 13120: 13102: 13096: 13095: 13077: 13071: 13070: 13052: 13046: 13045: 13035: 13011: 13005: 13004: 13002: 13000: 12981: 12975: 12958: 12952: 12942: 12936: 12929: 12923: 12916: 12910: 12903: 12897: 12890: 12884: 12877: 12871: 12864: 12858: 12851: 12845: 12839: 12833: 12815: 12809: 12798: 12792: 12791: 12789: 12787: 12765: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12751: 12731: 12722: 12721: 12701: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12690: 12664: 12658: 12657: 12639: 12630: 12629: 12606: 12597: 12596: 12565: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12549: 12524: 12503: 12502: 12500: 12498: 12472: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12448: 12408: 12391: 12384: 12378: 12361: 12355: 12354: 12352: 12350: 12341:. Archived from 12310: 12304: 12297: 12291: 12281: 12275: 12274: 12254: 12248: 12247: 12211: 12205: 12204: 12168: 12159: 12158: 12140: 12134: 12133: 12116:(456): 209–225. 12105: 12099: 12098: 12090: 12084: 12083: 12057: 12051: 12050: 12048: 12046: 12022: 12007: 12006: 11986: 11969: 11968: 11966: 11964: 11936: 11930: 11923: 11917: 11910: 11904: 11901: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11890: 11875: 11869: 11862: 11856: 11855: 11827: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11816: 11782: 11780: 11778: 11737: 11731: 11725: 11719: 11718: 11695: 11689: 11683: 11677: 11671: 11665: 11652: 11646: 11640: 11634: 11628: 11622: 11608: 11602: 11601: 11583: 11574: 11573: 11547: 11541: 11540: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11494: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11477: 11474: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11433: 11427: 11426: 11400: 11394: 11393: 11375: 11369: 11368: 11350: 11344: 11343: 11315: 11309: 11308: 11272: 11266: 11265: 11247: 11241: 11240: 11204: 11198: 11197: 11195: 11193: 11176:Stalin, Joseph. 11173: 11167: 11166: 11138: 11132: 11131: 11121: 11115: 11114: 11097: 11091: 11084: 11078: 11072: 11063: 11057: 11051: 11045: 11039: 11033: 11027: 11021: 11015: 11014: 10994: 10988: 10987: 10951: 10945: 10939: 10930: 10924: 10909: 10903: 10892: 10891: 10871: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10832: 10826: 10825: 10789: 10783: 10782: 10746: 10737: 10735: 10733: 10731: 10704: 10698: 10697: 10689: 10680: 10679: 10671: 10665: 10664: 10662: 10660: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10610: 10604: 10603: 10601: 10599: 10584: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10573: 10553: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10542: 10533:. 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Random House. 10436: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10425: 10405: 10399: 10382: 10373: 10372: 10366: 10364: 10343: 10337: 10336: 10331: 10329: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10296: 10294: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10242: 10236: 10235: 10208: 10202: 10201: 10174: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10144: 10138: 10137: 10135: 10133: 10114: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10083: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10044: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10014: 10008: 10007: 10005: 10003: 9984: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9973: 9952: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9920: 9914: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9900:. 5 April 2018. 9888: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9857: 9851: 9850: 9848: 9846: 9830: 9824: 9823: 9794: 9788: 9768: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9757: 9738: 9732: 9731: 9719: 9710: 9709: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9680: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9630:10.2307/20202389 9613: 9607: 9606: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9554:(577): 357–363. 9543: 9524: 9523: 9512:10.2307/20045621 9495: 9484: 9483: 9475: 9466: 9465: 9457: 9440: 9433: 9427: 9422:Thomas Hodgkin, 9420: 9414: 9407: 9401: 9394: 9388: 9383:David Anderson, 9381: 9375: 9370:Alistair Horne, 9368: 9362: 9352: 9346: 9339: 9333: 9326: 9320: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9266: 9260: 9259: 9251: 9245: 9244: 9224: 9218: 9217: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9154: 9148: 9141: 9135: 9130:Richard Blanke, 9128: 9122: 9115: 9109: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9039: 9037: 9009: 9003: 9002: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8931: 8929: 8923: 8880: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8814: 8813: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8766: 8738: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8691: 8685: 8679: 8673: 8672: 8666: 8664: 8648: 8642: 8641: 8619: 8613: 8612: 8590: 8584: 8583: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8564: 8549: 8543: 8542: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8462: 8456: 8442: 8436: 8435: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8386: 8380: 8365: 8359: 8352: 8346: 8345: 8343: 8341: 8319: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8225: 8219: 8218: 8210: 8204: 8197: 8191: 8181: 8175: 8168: 8162: 8155: 8149: 8142: 8136: 8129: 8123: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8096:. 25 June 2021. 8086: 8080: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8056: 8050: 8049: 8029: 8023: 8016: 8010: 8009: 8001: 7995: 7988: 7982: 7981: 7961: 7952: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7903: 7897: 7890: 7884: 7883: 7847: 7841: 7840: 7829:10.2307/30036938 7812: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7773: 7767: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7679:. 2 April 2020. 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7639: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7628: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7578: 7572: 7566: 7560: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7484: 7478: 7477: 7463: 7457: 7450: 7444: 7443: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7387: 7385: 7366: 7360: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7319: 7313: 7312: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7240: 7234: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7188: 7177: 7176: 7140:(6): 1001–1021. 7125: 7119: 7118: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7059: 7050: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7019: 7013: 7012: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6975: 6964: 6955: 6949: 6948: 6928: 6922: 6919: 6913: 6910: 6904: 6901: 6895: 6894: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6834:(5): 1432–1433. 6823: 6817: 6810: 6804: 6797: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6699: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6651: 6645: 6631: 6625: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6592: 6586: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6503: 6497: 6496: 6478: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6422:(6–7): 703–734. 6411: 6405: 6404: 6396: 6390: 6389: 6381: 6372: 6371: 6353: 6347: 6346: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6249: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6150: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6133: 6087: 6078: 6077: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6042: 6033: 6026: 6020: 6019: 5996:"5. Nationalism" 5991: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5947: 5936: 5935: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5890: 5881: 5880: 5860: 5820: 5687:Bertrand Russell 5579:internationalism 5555:multiculturalism 5408:multiculturalism 5375: 5292:national borders 5220:in place of the 5045:Cuban Revolution 5020:Marxism–Leninism 5017:Anti-revisionist 4649:John Stuart Mill 4529:resulted in the 4398:Friedrich Engels 4325:Social Darwinist 4033:Nanking Massacre 3814:Central European 3759: 3752: 3741: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3698: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3672: 3669: 3663: 3660:inline citations 3636: 3635: 3628: 3617: 3595: 3594: 3587: 3532:Arab nationalism 3429:Greek traditions 3425:Byzantine empire 3220:Zionist Movement 2874:Vardar Macedonia 2813:History of Serbs 2797:Classical Greece 2789:Christian Europe 2721:military flavour 2622:Balearic Islands 2534:Benito Mussolini 2501:Francesco Crispi 2468:Kingdom of Italy 2319:(1817–1895) and 2223: 2220: 2202: 2195: 2175:and traditions. 2107:House of Romanov 1838:Rule, Britannia! 1822:National symbols 1789:(1755–1768) and 1751:Anthony D. Smith 1731:classical Greeks 1665:Anthony D. Smith 1546:Anthony D. Smith 1381: 1374: 1367: 1353: 1352: 1143: 1088: 1043:Political theory 1033:Election science 1023: 1009: 787: 786: 777: 770: 763: 747: 746: 688: 670:Plurinationalism 630:Internationalism 570:Communitarianism 555:Anti-imperialism 545:Anti-nationalism 534:Related concepts 35: 34: 17564: 17563: 17559: 17558: 17557: 17555: 17554: 17553: 17534: 17533: 17532: 17527: 17514: 17503:Totalitarianism 17364: 17359: 17349: 17339: 17329: 17319: 17309: 17299: 17289: 17279: 17269: 17259: 17249: 17239: 17229: 17219: 17209: 17199: 17189: 17179: 17176:Treatise on Law 17169: 17159: 17149: 17129: 16787: 16781: 16520: 16514: 16400: 16394: 16313: 16216: 16202:State of nature 16197:Social contract 16177:Ordered liberty 16165:Noblesse oblige 16082: 15916: 15845: 15674: 15669: 15639: 15634: 15630:Totalitarianism 15484: 15287:Accelerationism 15278: 15191: 15186: 15156: 15151: 15132: 15090:Nation-building 15008: 14987: 14659: 14583: 14578: 14545:Wayback Machine 14528: 14526: 14509: 14500: 14498: 14481: 14471:Wayback Machine 14458:Wayback Machine 14447: 14442: 14433: 14431: 14405: 14403: 14396: 14372: 14348: 14324: 14300: 14299:978-158465-0409 14276: 14250: 14226: 14212:Özkirimli, Umut 14201: 14199: 14172: 14163: 14161: 14129: 14107: 14082: 14080: 14065: 14024:Wayback Machine 14011:Kramer, Lloyd. 14007:Wayback Machine 13981: 13948: 13934:Greenfeld, Liah 13922:(2nd ed. 2009). 13912: 13893: 13864: 13840: 13838:Further reading 13830: 13797:Wayback Machine 13786:Mylonas, Harris 13776: 13774: 13759: 13735:Mylonas, Harris 13727: 13705: 13681: 13660: 13624: 13622: 13601: 13566: 13537: 13523:, eds. (2006). 13512: 13496:Billig, Michael 13488: 13467: 13466: 13465: 13450: 13449: 13445: 13438: 13433: 13432: 13417: 13403: 13399: 13384: 13370: 13366: 13356: 13354: 13343: 13342: 13338: 13328: 13326: 13322: 13318:. p. 117. 13309: 13300: 13296: 13286: 13284: 13266: 13262: 13254: 13250: 13245: 13241: 13226:10.2307/3654261 13210: 13206: 13200:Wayback Machine 13189:Wayback Machine 13180:George Orwell, 13179: 13172: 13162: 13160: 13142: 13138: 13128: 13124: 13117: 13103: 13099: 13092: 13078: 13074: 13067: 13053: 13049: 13012: 13008: 12998: 12996: 12983: 12982: 12978: 12973:Wayback Machine 12959: 12955: 12943: 12939: 12930: 12926: 12917: 12913: 12904: 12900: 12891: 12887: 12879:Jeff Kingston, 12878: 12874: 12865: 12861: 12852: 12848: 12840: 12836: 12816: 12812: 12799: 12795: 12785: 12783: 12766: 12759: 12749: 12747: 12732: 12725: 12718: 12702: 12698: 12688: 12686: 12665: 12661: 12654: 12640: 12633: 12626: 12607: 12600: 12566: 12557: 12547: 12545: 12530:(Summer 2009). 12525: 12506: 12496: 12494: 12473: 12456: 12446: 12444: 12409: 12394: 12385: 12381: 12376:Wayback Machine 12362: 12358: 12348: 12346: 12311: 12307: 12298: 12294: 12282: 12278: 12271: 12255: 12251: 12212: 12208: 12169: 12162: 12155: 12141: 12137: 12122:10.2307/4129220 12106: 12102: 12091: 12087: 12080: 12058: 12054: 12044: 12042: 12023: 12010: 11987: 11972: 11962: 11960: 11953: 11937: 11933: 11924: 11920: 11911: 11907: 11902: 11898: 11888: 11886: 11877: 11876: 11872: 11864:D. A. Brading, 11863: 11859: 11844:10.2307/3176007 11828: 11824: 11814: 11812: 11776: 11774: 11738: 11734: 11726: 11722: 11696: 11692: 11684: 11680: 11672: 11668: 11663:Wayback Machine 11653: 11649: 11641: 11637: 11629: 11625: 11609: 11605: 11598: 11584: 11577: 11562: 11548: 11544: 11537: 11523: 11519: 11509: 11495: 11491: 11481: 11479: 11475: 11467: 11463: 11448: 11434: 11430: 11415: 11401: 11397: 11390: 11376: 11372: 11365: 11351: 11347: 11320:Critical Review 11316: 11312: 11273: 11269: 11262: 11248: 11244: 11205: 11201: 11191: 11189: 11174: 11170: 11139: 11135: 11122: 11118: 11098: 11094: 11085: 11081: 11073: 11066: 11058: 11054: 11046: 11042: 11034: 11030: 11022: 11018: 11011: 10995: 10991: 10952: 10948: 10940: 10933: 10925: 10912: 10904: 10895: 10888: 10872: 10868: 10858: 10856: 10849: 10833: 10829: 10806:10.2307/2539098 10790: 10786: 10763:10.2307/2538753 10747: 10740: 10729: 10727: 10705: 10701: 10690: 10683: 10672: 10668: 10658: 10656: 10641: 10637: 10627: 10625: 10612: 10611: 10607: 10597: 10595: 10586: 10585: 10581: 10571: 10569: 10554: 10550: 10540: 10538: 10537:on 31 July 2017 10523: 10519: 10509: 10507: 10496: 10492: 10482: 10480: 10465: 10464: 10460: 10453: 10437: 10433: 10423: 10421: 10406: 10402: 10392:Wayback Machine 10383: 10376: 10362: 10360: 10355:. 8 July 2020. 10345: 10344: 10340: 10327: 10325: 10320:. 8 July 2020. 10310: 10309: 10305: 10292: 10290: 10285:. 8 July 2020. 10275: 10274: 10270: 10259: 10243: 10239: 10229: 10209: 10205: 10195: 10187:. p. 242. 10175: 10171: 10161: 10159: 10146: 10145: 10141: 10131: 10129: 10116: 10115: 10111: 10101: 10099: 10092:thediplomat.com 10084: 10080: 10070: 10068: 10045: 10041: 10031: 10029: 10016: 10015: 10011: 10001: 9999: 9986: 9985: 9981: 9971: 9969: 9954: 9953: 9949: 9939: 9937: 9929:Washington Post 9922: 9921: 9917: 9907: 9905: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9875: 9873: 9858: 9854: 9844: 9842: 9831: 9827: 9795: 9791: 9779:Wayback Machine 9769: 9765: 9755: 9753: 9746:Foreign Affairs 9740: 9739: 9735: 9728:Washington Post 9720: 9713: 9698: 9694: 9649: 9645: 9614: 9610: 9589:(599): 97–102. 9583:Current History 9579: 9575: 9548:Current History 9544: 9527: 9500:Foreign Affairs 9496: 9487: 9476: 9469: 9458: 9443: 9434: 9430: 9421: 9417: 9408: 9404: 9395: 9391: 9382: 9378: 9369: 9365: 9353: 9349: 9341:Shakhar Rahav, 9340: 9336: 9327: 9323: 9314: 9310: 9267: 9263: 9252: 9248: 9241: 9230:Heart of Europe 9227:Davies (2001). 9225: 9221: 9182: 9178: 9171: 9155: 9151: 9143:Norman Davies, 9142: 9138: 9129: 9125: 9116: 9112: 9103: 9099: 9092: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9049: 9045: 9035: 9033: 9026: 9010: 9006: 8999: 8979: 8975: 8941: 8937: 8927: 8925: 8921: 8878: 8872: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8848: 8844: 8836: 8832: 8824: 8817: 8784: 8780: 8739: 8735: 8725: 8723: 8692: 8688: 8680: 8676: 8662: 8660: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8620: 8616: 8609: 8591: 8587: 8576: 8572: 8562: 8560: 8559:on 19 July 2008 8551: 8550: 8546: 8539: 8521: 8517: 8510: 8492: 8488: 8481: 8463: 8459: 8453:Wayback Machine 8443: 8439: 8432: 8414: 8410: 8403: 8387: 8383: 8366: 8362: 8353: 8349: 8339: 8337: 8329:Smithsonian.com 8320: 8316: 8306: 8304: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8258: 8257: 8253: 8226: 8222: 8211: 8207: 8198: 8194: 8182: 8178: 8169: 8165: 8157:Hagen Schulze, 8156: 8152: 8143: 8139: 8130: 8126: 8117: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8073: 8071: 8058: 8057: 8053: 8030: 8026: 8017: 8013: 8002: 7998: 7989: 7985: 7978: 7962: 7955: 7946: 7942: 7935: 7919: 7915: 7904: 7900: 7891: 7887: 7848: 7844: 7813: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7790: 7774: 7770: 7757: 7753: 7743: 7741: 7730: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7709:. 12 May 2006. 7701: 7700: 7696: 7686: 7684: 7671: 7670: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7626: 7624: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7599: 7579: 7575: 7571:, pp. 171. 7567: 7563: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7485: 7481: 7464: 7460: 7451: 7447: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7413: 7397: 7393: 7383: 7381: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7354: 7350: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7320: 7316: 7293: 7289: 7282: 7266: 7262: 7255: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7228: 7219: 7217: 7215: 7189: 7180: 7146:10.2307/1948728 7126: 7122: 7107: 7093: 7089: 7074: 7060: 7053: 7045: 7041: 7034: 7020: 7016: 7009: 6993: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6973: 6962: 6956: 6952: 6945: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6916: 6911: 6907: 6902: 6898: 6891: 6875: 6871: 6824: 6820: 6811: 6807: 6798: 6794: 6784: 6782: 6769: 6768: 6764: 6741: 6737: 6730: 6714: 6710: 6697: 6695: 6684: 6680: 6670: 6668: 6652: 6648: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6616: 6601:Foreign Affairs 6593: 6589: 6577:Wayback Machine 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6504: 6500: 6455: 6451: 6412: 6408: 6397: 6393: 6382: 6375: 6368: 6354: 6350: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6283: 6279: 6250: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6176: 6172: 6165: 6151: 6144: 6131: 6129: 6114: 6088: 6081: 6070: 6066: 6043: 6036: 6028:Yack, Bernard. 6027: 6023: 6016: 5992: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5948: 5939: 5932: 5918: 5914: 5907: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5861: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5814: 5766:National memory 5721: 5691:Albert Einstein 5618:Józef Piłsudski 5583:Islamic revival 5550: 5544: 5529: 5507: 5501: 5473: 5467: 5430: 5424: 5392: 5386: 5373: 5358: 5352: 5248:, ecologically 5238:tribal communes 5151:Peter Kropotkin 5143:Mikhail Bakunin 5134:Green Anarchist 5095: 5089: 4982: 4976: 4910: 4908:Pan-nationalism 4898:Main articles: 4896: 4881:heteronormative 4862:, which shares 4827:heteronormative 4793: 4787: 4767: 4761: 4726:common language 4718: 4712: 4703: 4697: 4610:United Irishmen 4573: 4567: 4456: 4442: 4436: 4384: 4378:modern world." 4329:Herbert Spencer 4300: 4241:Talcott Parsons 4205: 4166:, nations are " 4156:social contract 4131: 4107:Rodrigo Duterte 4044:2016 referendum 3953:Law and Justice 3875: 3873:Neo-nationalism 3869: 3806:Austria-Hungary 3783:Benjamin Barber 3760: 3749: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3731: 3725: 3722: 3711: 3699: 3684: 3673: 3667: 3664: 3649: 3637: 3633: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3579: 3529: 3463: 3455:Main articles: 3453: 3416:Ioannis Metaxas 3374:Northern Epirus 3338: 3332: 3269: 3263: 3258: 3226:. As more Jews 3224:no matter where 3218:split from the 3165: 3148:was initiated. 3104: 3088:Main articles: 3086: 2995:Polish language 2983:Congress Poland 2979:Duchy of Warsaw 2959: 2951:Main articles: 2949: 2927:in 1929, and a 2902:First World War 2898:Austria-Hungary 2882:Austria-Hungary 2819: 2807:Main articles: 2805: 2765: 2729:regenerationist 2693:Cortes of Cádiz 2593:Castilian Crown 2589:Crown of Aragon 2573: 2553:Communist Party 2497:Catholic Church 2481:Italo-Dalmatian 2436: 2426:Italian Fascism 2424:Main articles: 2422: 2269: 2263: 2251:Monroe Doctrine 2234: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2208:needs expansion 2193: 2181:Ivan Kireyevsky 2173:Russian culture 2129:national spirit 2063:Russian history 2051: 2045: 2017:Alsace-Lorraine 1996:Alsace-Lorraine 1984: 1974: 1968: 1907: 1901: 1804:of some of the 1707: 1662: 1657: 1651: 1586: 1558:cosmopolitanism 1408:self-governance 1385: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1272: 1271: 1262: 1261: 1219: 1218: 1209: 1208: 1177: 1176: 1167: 1166: 1162:Public interest 1147:Domestic policy 1137: 1130: 1129: 1118: 1117: 1082: 1075: 1074: 1063: 1062: 1024: 1017: 1010: 1003: 995: 994: 985: 984: 890: 889: 878: 877: 833: 832: 823: 792:Politics series 781: 741: 734: 733: 682: 575:Cosmopolitanism 535: 527: 526: 521: 513: 512: 193: 183: 182: 153: 145: 144: 60: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 17562: 17552: 17551: 17546: 17529: 17528: 17526: 17525: 17519: 17516: 17515: 17513: 17512: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17493:Social justice 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17469: 17468: 17463: 17458: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17423: 17418: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17401:Egalitarianism 17398: 17393: 17391:Contractualism 17388: 17383: 17378: 17372: 17370: 17366: 17365: 17363: 17362: 17352: 17342: 17332: 17322: 17312: 17302: 17292: 17282: 17272: 17262: 17252: 17242: 17232: 17222: 17212: 17202: 17192: 17182: 17172: 17162: 17152: 17141: 17139: 17135: 17134: 17131: 17130: 17128: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17112: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17057: 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16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16357: 16352: 16347: 16342: 16337: 16332: 16327: 16321: 16319: 16315: 16314: 16312: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16291: 16286: 16285: 16284: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16249: 16244: 16239: 16233: 16231: 16224: 16218: 16217: 16215: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16187:Overton window 16184: 16179: 16174: 16169: 16160: 16155: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16105: 16096: 16090: 16088: 16084: 16083: 16081: 16080: 16075: 16070: 16065: 16060: 16055: 16050: 16045: 16040: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16018:Libertarianism 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15924: 15922: 15918: 15917: 15915: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15853: 15851: 15847: 15846: 15844: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15783: 15778: 15773: 15768: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15693: 15688: 15682: 15680: 15676: 15675: 15668: 15667: 15660: 15653: 15645: 15636: 15635: 15633: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15536: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15504: 15503: 15492: 15490: 15486: 15485: 15483: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15461: 15460: 15455: 15445: 15440: 15439: 15438: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15416:Libertarianism 15413: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15391:Fundamentalism 15388: 15383: 15382: 15381: 15379:Third Position 15376: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15355: 15354: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15319: 15314: 15309: 15304: 15299: 15294: 15289: 15283: 15280: 15279: 15277: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15261: 15260: 15259: 15254: 15249: 15244: 15239: 15234: 15229: 15219: 15214: 15209: 15208: 15207: 15196: 15193: 15192: 15185: 15184: 15177: 15170: 15162: 15153: 15152: 15150: 15149: 15147:State-building 15144: 15139: 15127: 15122: 15120:Natural border 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15055:Exceptionalism 15052: 15050:Eliminationism 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15016: 15014: 15010: 15009: 15007: 15006: 15001: 14995: 14993: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14954: 14953: 14952: 14951: 14941: 14940: 14939: 14929: 14919: 14914: 14913: 14912: 14911: 14910: 14900: 14895: 14894: 14893: 14888: 14883: 14868: 14867: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14795: 14794: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14773: 14772: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14721: 14720: 14715: 14710: 14700: 14699: 14698: 14688: 14683: 14678: 14673: 14667: 14665: 14661: 14660: 14658: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14642: 14637: 14632: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14597: 14591: 14589: 14585: 14584: 14577: 14576: 14569: 14562: 14554: 14548: 14547: 14535: 14507: 14479: 14461: 14446: 14445:External links 14443: 14441: 14440: 14412: 14395:978-0875692050 14394: 14382:, ed. (1999). 14376: 14371:978-0199662975 14370: 14352: 14347:978-1135999483 14346: 14328: 14323:978-0745651279 14322: 14304: 14298: 14280: 14275:978-0745610191 14274: 14254: 14249:978-0521232678 14248: 14230: 14225:978-0230577329 14224: 14208: 14170: 14145: 14133: 14128:978-0745653396 14127: 14111: 14106:978-1403987860 14105: 14089: 14064:978-1412965804 14063: 14047:Cato Institute 14035:Hamowy, Ronald 14026: 14009: 13992: 13985: 13980:978-0691070292 13979: 13966: 13959: 13952: 13947:978-0674603189 13946: 13930: 13923: 13916: 13911:978-0333962657 13910: 13897: 13892:978-0521572248 13891: 13875: 13868: 13863:978-0226074146 13862: 13849: 13841: 13839: 13836: 13835: 13834: 13829:978-1557781673 13828: 13808: 13783: 13757: 13731: 13726:978-0122272301 13725: 13715:, ed. (2001). 13709: 13704:978-0198280477 13703: 13694:On Nationality 13685: 13680:978-0765800022 13679: 13664: 13659:978-0198279495 13658: 13644:Kymlicka, Will 13640: 13631: 13605: 13600:978-0761950721 13599: 13579: 13570: 13565:978-0521439619 13564: 13548: 13541: 13536:978-1412901017 13535: 13521:Kumar, Krishan 13516: 13511:978-0803975255 13510: 13492: 13487:978-0860910596 13486: 13464: 13463: 13458: 13452: 13451: 13440: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13431: 13430: 13415: 13397: 13382: 13364: 13336: 13294: 13260: 13248: 13239: 13220:(1): 129–149. 13204: 13170: 13136: 13122: 13116:978-0333770955 13115: 13097: 13091:978-0297607588 13090: 13072: 13066:978-0333760918 13065: 13047: 13006: 12989:Cambridge Core 12976: 12953: 12937: 12924: 12911: 12905:Alan Bairner, 12898: 12885: 12872: 12859: 12846: 12834: 12830:978-0817973926 12810: 12793: 12757: 12723: 12717:978-3640704453 12716: 12696: 12659: 12653:978-0333599235 12652: 12631: 12625:978-0814731550 12624: 12598: 12569:Griffin, Roger 12555: 12528:Sanchez, Casey 12504: 12482:The Public Eye 12454: 12423:(3): 301–326. 12392: 12390:(2 vol. 2000). 12379: 12367:, 41#4 (2008) 12356: 12325:(2): 239–255. 12305: 12292: 12276: 12270:978-1134695416 12269: 12249: 12206: 12179:(1): 121–152. 12160: 12154:978-0394740676 12153: 12135: 12100: 12085: 12079:978-0814751459 12078: 12052: 12008: 11997:(2): 167–179. 11970: 11952:978-0691022628 11951: 11931: 11918: 11905: 11896: 11870: 11857: 11822: 11799:(3): 231–250. 11753:(3): 495–509. 11732: 11720: 11690: 11678: 11666: 11647: 11635: 11633:, p. 200. 11623: 11603: 11597:978-0631210504 11596: 11575: 11561:978-0520917538 11560: 11542: 11535: 11517: 11508:978-8187712268 11507: 11489: 11469:Grant, Moyra. 11461: 11446: 11428: 11413: 11395: 11388: 11370: 11363: 11345: 11326:(2): 193–211. 11310: 11283:(3): 255–274. 11267: 11261:978-1412804769 11260: 11242: 11221:10.1086/217296 11215:(6): 723–737. 11199: 11168: 11155:10.2307/590606 11133: 11116: 11092: 11090:(2000) p. 174. 11079: 11077:, p. 272. 11064: 11062:, p. 271. 11052: 11050:, p. 268. 11040: 11028: 11026:, p. 273. 11016: 11010:978-0199586967 11009: 10989: 10946: 10931: 10929:, p. 510. 10910: 10893: 10887:978-0198297420 10886: 10866: 10848:978-1107037090 10847: 10827: 10784: 10757:(4): 117–139. 10738: 10699: 10681: 10666: 10635: 10605: 10579: 10562:New York Times 10548: 10517: 10490: 10458: 10452:978-1783524549 10451: 10431: 10400: 10374: 10352:Deutsche Welle 10338: 10303: 10268: 10257: 10237: 10227: 10221:. p. 69. 10203: 10193: 10169: 10139: 10109: 10078: 10039: 10009: 9979: 9947: 9915: 9883: 9866:Foreign Policy 9852: 9825: 9789: 9763: 9733: 9711: 9692: 9663:(2): 203–209. 9643: 9624:(3): 399–423. 9608: 9573: 9525: 9485: 9467: 9441: 9428: 9415: 9402: 9389: 9376: 9363: 9361:(1996) p. 271. 9347: 9334: 9321: 9308: 9261: 9246: 9240:978-0191587719 9239: 9219: 9192:(2): 381–393. 9176: 9170:978-0415919746 9169: 9149: 9136: 9123: 9110: 9097: 9091:978-0801453717 9090: 9070: 9063: 9043: 9025:978-1118337837 9024: 9004: 8998:978-0299809263 8997: 8973: 8954:(5): 719–752. 8935: 8866: 8864:, p. 719. 8854: 8842: 8840:, p. 720. 8830: 8815: 8778: 8733: 8686: 8674: 8643: 8636: 8614: 8607: 8585: 8570: 8544: 8537: 8515: 8508: 8486: 8479: 8457: 8444:Antoni Simon, 8437: 8430: 8408: 8402:978-0191584077 8401: 8381: 8377:978-1134780884 8360: 8347: 8314: 8281: 8260:"Aryan people" 8251: 8220: 8205: 8192: 8189:online edition 8176: 8163: 8150: 8137: 8124: 8122:(2nd ed. 1986) 8111: 8081: 8051: 8040:(2): 201–221. 8024: 8011: 7996: 7983: 7977:978-1315508207 7976: 7953: 7940: 7934:978-0230582347 7933: 7913: 7898: 7885: 7864:10.1086/237315 7842: 7807: 7789:978-1119968702 7788: 7768: 7764:978-8763507936 7751: 7732:Öhberg, Tony. 7724: 7707:Valtioneuvosto 7694: 7664: 7634: 7613:"Wells, H.G., 7604: 7598:978-1412837293 7597: 7573: 7561: 7557:978-0199205165 7536: 7530:978-0415063418 7529: 7506: 7500:978-0312682477 7499: 7479: 7476:. p. 897. 7458: 7445: 7439:978-0312176990 7438: 7418: 7411: 7391: 7361: 7348: 7335:978-1403943880 7334: 7314: 7287: 7281:978-9712314728 7280: 7260: 7253: 7235: 7226: 7213: 7178: 7120: 7106:978-0807872000 7105: 7087: 7073:978-0691134673 7072: 7051: 7039: 7032: 7014: 7008:978-0199265619 7007: 6987: 6950: 6944:978-1412829359 6943: 6923: 6914: 6905: 6896: 6890:978-0226877921 6889: 6869: 6840:10.1086/210435 6818: 6812:Glenda Sluga, 6805: 6792: 6762: 6751:(2): 147–166. 6735: 6729:978-1107007857 6728: 6708: 6678: 6646: 6634:Smith, Anthony 6626: 6587: 6566:DiMaggio, Paul 6557: 6524:10.1086/717103 6518:(2): 492–561. 6498: 6469:(2): 117–150. 6449: 6406: 6391: 6373: 6367:978-0745651286 6366: 6348: 6313: 6307: 6277: 6264:(1): 109–132. 6229: 6190:(2): 327–347. 6170: 6163: 6142: 6112: 6079: 6064: 6053:(4): 593–612. 6034: 6021: 6015:978-1317804338 6014: 5986: 5950:Smith, Anthony 5937: 5930: 5912: 5906:978-0801475009 5905: 5882: 5876:978-0198297420 5875: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5828:, an essay by 5821: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5705:Transhumanists 5660:Charles Taylor 5652:Michael Walzer 5614:Vladimir Lenin 5610:Rosa Luxemburg 5566:A. C. Grayling 5543: 5540: 5532:Harris Mylonas 5528: 5525: 5512:British Empire 5503:Main article: 5500: 5497: 5469:Main article: 5466: 5463: 5426:Main article: 5423: 5420: 5388:Main article: 5385: 5382: 5351: 5348: 5312:who promote a 5265:Troy Southgate 5147:William Godwin 5103:Troy Southgate 5099:National Front 5091:Main article: 5088: 5085: 4978:Main article: 4975: 4972: 4895: 4892: 4840:intersectional 4789:Main article: 4786: 4783: 4760: 4757: 4711: 4708: 4699:Main article: 4696: 4693: 4684:Stepan Bandera 4625:liberal values 4569:Main article: 4566: 4563: 4507:Mahatma Gandhi 4480:decolonization 4455: 4452: 4435: 4432: 4424:conglomeration 4402:Vladimir Lenin 4383: 4380: 4333:Walter Bagehot 4321:Charles Darwin 4299: 4296: 4280:Émile Durkheim 4229:Émile Durkheim 4204: 4201: 4188:state capacity 4183:Jeffrey Herbst 4175:state-building 4130: 4127: 4069:Jair Bolsonaro 4048:European Union 3963:party (led by 3945:Vladimir Putin 3899:National Front 3871:Main article: 3868: 3865: 3810:Ottoman Empire 3762: 3761: 3744: 3743: 3702: 3700: 3693: 3686: 3685: 3640: 3638: 3631: 3626: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3590: 3581:Main article: 3578: 3575: 3536:Ottoman Empire 3528: 3525: 3521:Nelson Mandela 3470:Kenneth Kaunda 3452: 3449: 3421:Ancient Greece 3334:Main article: 3331: 3328: 3303:Patricia Ebrey 3265:Main article: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3189:Labour Zionism 3185:Land of Israel 3164: 3161: 3120:, who opposed 3085: 3082: 2948: 2945: 2943:in the 1990s. 2941:broke up again 2854:. It achieved 2840:Ottoman Empire 2804: 2801: 2785:Ottoman Empire 2764: 2761: 2651:, when in the 2572: 2569: 2542:Italian Empire 2507:and firing up 2476:middle classes 2421: 2418: 2396:Baltic nations 2392:Eastern Europe 2265:Main article: 2262: 2259: 2230:Main article: 2226: 2225: 2205: 2203: 2192: 2189: 2137:Western Europe 2133: 2132: 2118: 2115:social estates 2109:in return for 2100: 2086:Russian Empire 2047:Main article: 2044: 2041: 2036:Dreyfus Affair 2004:levée en masse 1990:A painting by 1970:Main article: 1967: 1964: 1903:Main article: 1900: 1897: 1842:John Arbuthnot 1706: 1703: 1661: 1658: 1650: 1647: 1585: 1582: 1550: 1549: 1542:Ethnosymbolism 1539: 1524:constructivist 1517: 1387: 1386: 1384: 1383: 1376: 1369: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1344: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1279: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1226: 1220: 1217:Related topics 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1152:Foreign policy 1149: 1144: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1113: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1076: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1048:Policy studies 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1013: 1011: 999: 996: 992: 991: 990: 987: 986: 983: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 947: 942: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 891: 885: 884: 883: 880: 879: 876: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 834: 831:Primary topics 830: 829: 828: 825: 824: 822: 821: 816: 811: 805: 802: 801: 795: 794: 783: 782: 780: 779: 772: 765: 757: 754: 753: 752: 751: 736: 735: 732: 731: 726: 721: 720: 719: 717:in Catholicism 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 565:Civil religion 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 536: 533: 532: 529: 528: 522: 519: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 484: 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17379: 17377: 17374: 17373: 17371: 17367: 17358: 17357: 17353: 17348: 17347: 17343: 17338: 17337: 17333: 17328: 17327: 17323: 17318: 17317: 17313: 17308: 17307: 17303: 17298: 17297: 17293: 17288: 17287: 17283: 17278: 17277: 17273: 17268: 17267: 17263: 17258: 17257: 17256:Rights of Man 17253: 17248: 17247: 17243: 17238: 17237: 17233: 17228: 17227: 17223: 17218: 17217: 17213: 17208: 17207: 17203: 17198: 17197: 17193: 17188: 17187: 17183: 17178: 17177: 17173: 17168: 17167: 17166:De re publica 17163: 17158: 17157: 17153: 17148: 17147: 17143: 17142: 17140: 17136: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17081: 17078: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17031: 17028: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17016: 17013: 17011: 17008: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16891: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16881: 16878: 16876: 16873: 16871: 16868: 16866: 16863: 16861: 16858: 16856: 16853: 16851: 16848: 16846: 16843: 16841: 16838: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16792: 16790: 16786:20th and 21st 16784: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16688: 16685: 16683: 16680: 16678: 16675: 16673: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16663: 16660: 16656: 16653: 16652: 16651: 16648: 16646: 16643: 16639: 16636: 16635: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16525: 16523: 16519:18th and 19th 16517: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16454: 16451: 16450: 16449: 16446: 16444: 16441: 16439: 16436: 16434: 16431: 16429: 16426: 16424: 16421: 16419: 16416: 16414: 16411: 16409: 16406: 16405: 16403: 16397: 16391: 16388: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16375:Nizam al-Mulk 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16356: 16353: 16351: 16348: 16346: 16343: 16341: 16338: 16336: 16333: 16331: 16328: 16326: 16323: 16322: 16320: 16316: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16283: 16280: 16279: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16248: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16235: 16234: 16232: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16219: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16167: 16166: 16161: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16103: 16102: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16091: 16089: 16085: 16079: 16076: 16074: 16071: 16069: 16066: 16064: 16061: 16059: 16058:Republicanism 16056: 16054: 16051: 16049: 16046: 16044: 16041: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15925: 15923: 15919: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15854: 15852: 15848: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15767: 15764: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15683: 15681: 15677: 15673: 15666: 15661: 15659: 15654: 15652: 15647: 15646: 15643: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15600:Progressivism 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15560:Individualism 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15526: 15524: 15521: 15520: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15502: 15499: 15498: 15497: 15494: 15493: 15491: 15487: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15459: 15456: 15454: 15451: 15450: 15449: 15448:Republicanism 15446: 15444: 15441: 15437: 15434: 15433: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15372: 15371: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15353: 15352:Social credit 15350: 15349: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15318: 15315: 15313: 15310: 15308: 15305: 15303: 15300: 15298: 15295: 15293: 15290: 15288: 15285: 15284: 15281: 15275: 15274:Revolutionary 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15228: 15225: 15224: 15223: 15220: 15218: 15215: 15213: 15210: 15206: 15203: 15202: 15201: 15198: 15197: 15194: 15190: 15183: 15178: 15176: 15171: 15169: 15164: 15163: 15160: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15136: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15017: 15015: 15011: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14996: 14994: 14992:Organizations 14990: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14963:Technological 14961: 14959: 14956: 14950: 14947: 14946: 14945: 14942: 14938: 14935: 14934: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14927:Ethnocacerism 14925: 14924: 14923: 14922:Revolutionary 14920: 14918: 14915: 14909: 14906: 14905: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14878: 14877: 14874: 14873: 14872: 14869: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14836: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14793: 14790: 14789: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14771: 14768: 14767: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14719: 14716: 14714: 14711: 14709: 14706: 14705: 14704: 14701: 14697: 14694: 14693: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14668: 14666: 14662: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14641: 14638: 14636: 14633: 14631: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14575: 14570: 14568: 14563: 14561: 14556: 14555: 14552: 14546: 14542: 14539: 14536: 14524: 14520: 14516: 14512: 14508: 14496: 14492: 14488: 14484: 14483:"Nationalism" 14480: 14478: 14477: 14472: 14468: 14465: 14462: 14459: 14455: 14452: 14449: 14448: 14429: 14425: 14421: 14417: 14413: 14401: 14397: 14391: 14387: 14386: 14381: 14380:Spira, Thomas 14377: 14373: 14367: 14363: 14362: 14357: 14353: 14349: 14343: 14339: 14338: 14333: 14329: 14325: 14319: 14315: 14314: 14309: 14305: 14301: 14295: 14291: 14290: 14285: 14281: 14277: 14271: 14266: 14265: 14259: 14255: 14251: 14245: 14241: 14240: 14235: 14231: 14227: 14221: 14217: 14213: 14209: 14197: 14193: 14189: 14185: 14181: 14180: 14175: 14171: 14159: 14155: 14151: 14150:"Nationalism" 14146: 14142: 14138: 14134: 14130: 14124: 14120: 14116: 14112: 14108: 14102: 14098: 14094: 14090: 14078: 14074: 14070: 14066: 14060: 14056: 14052: 14048: 14044: 14040: 14036: 14032: 14031:"Nationalism" 14027: 14025: 14021: 14018: 14014: 14010: 14008: 14004: 14001: 13997: 13993: 13990: 13986: 13982: 13976: 13972: 13967: 13964: 13960: 13957: 13953: 13949: 13943: 13939: 13935: 13931: 13928: 13924: 13921: 13917: 13913: 13907: 13903: 13898: 13894: 13888: 13884: 13880: 13876: 13873: 13869: 13865: 13859: 13855: 13850: 13847: 13843: 13842: 13831: 13825: 13820: 13819: 13813: 13809: 13807:(1): 109–132. 13806: 13802: 13798: 13794: 13791: 13787: 13784: 13772: 13768: 13764: 13760: 13758:9781108973298 13754: 13750: 13746: 13742: 13741: 13736: 13732: 13728: 13722: 13718: 13714: 13710: 13706: 13700: 13696: 13695: 13690: 13689:Miller, David 13686: 13682: 13676: 13672: 13671: 13665: 13661: 13655: 13651: 13650: 13645: 13641: 13638: 13637: 13632: 13620: 13616: 13615: 13610: 13606: 13602: 13596: 13591: 13590: 13584: 13580: 13576: 13571: 13567: 13561: 13557: 13553: 13549: 13546: 13542: 13538: 13532: 13528: 13527: 13522: 13517: 13513: 13507: 13503: 13502: 13497: 13493: 13489: 13483: 13479: 13478: 13473: 13469: 13468: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13426: 13422: 13418: 13412: 13408: 13401: 13393: 13389: 13385: 13383:0-381-98243-2 13379: 13375: 13368: 13352: 13348: 13347: 13340: 13321: 13317: 13316: 13308: 13304: 13298: 13282: 13278: 13274: 13270: 13264: 13257: 13252: 13243: 13235: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13219: 13215: 13208: 13201: 13197: 13194: 13190: 13186: 13183: 13177: 13175: 13158: 13154: 13150: 13146: 13140: 13133: 13132: 13126: 13118: 13112: 13108: 13101: 13093: 13087: 13083: 13076: 13068: 13062: 13058: 13051: 13043: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13025: 13021: 13017: 13010: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12980: 12974: 12970: 12967: 12963: 12957: 12950: 12946: 12945:Harold Perkin 12941: 12934: 12931:P. McDevitt, 12928: 12921: 12915: 12908: 12902: 12895: 12889: 12882: 12876: 12869: 12863: 12856: 12850: 12844:, p. 62. 12843: 12838: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12819: 12814: 12807: 12803: 12797: 12781: 12777: 12776: 12771: 12764: 12762: 12745: 12741: 12737: 12730: 12728: 12719: 12713: 12709: 12708: 12700: 12684: 12680: 12676: 12675: 12670: 12663: 12655: 12649: 12645: 12638: 12636: 12627: 12621: 12617: 12616: 12611: 12605: 12603: 12594: 12590: 12586: 12582: 12578: 12574: 12570: 12564: 12562: 12560: 12543: 12539: 12538: 12533: 12529: 12523: 12521: 12519: 12517: 12515: 12513: 12511: 12509: 12492: 12488: 12484: 12483: 12478: 12471: 12469: 12467: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12459: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12422: 12418: 12414: 12407: 12405: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12397: 12389: 12383: 12377: 12373: 12370: 12366: 12360: 12344: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12328: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12309: 12302: 12296: 12290: 12286: 12285:Carlton Hayes 12280: 12272: 12266: 12263:. Routledge. 12262: 12261: 12253: 12245: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12229: 12225: 12221: 12217: 12210: 12202: 12198: 12194: 12190: 12186: 12182: 12178: 12174: 12167: 12165: 12156: 12150: 12146: 12139: 12131: 12127: 12123: 12119: 12115: 12111: 12104: 12096: 12089: 12081: 12075: 12071: 12067: 12063: 12056: 12040: 12036: 12032: 12028: 12021: 12019: 12017: 12015: 12013: 12004: 12000: 11996: 11992: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11979: 11977: 11975: 11958: 11954: 11948: 11944: 11943: 11935: 11929:(1998) p. 58. 11928: 11922: 11916:(1998) p. 56. 11915: 11909: 11900: 11884: 11880: 11874: 11867: 11861: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11826: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11794: 11793: 11788: 11772: 11768: 11764: 11760: 11756: 11752: 11748: 11744: 11736: 11730:, p. 136 11729: 11724: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11703: 11694: 11688:, p. 34. 11687: 11686:Kymlicka 1995 11682: 11676: 11670: 11664: 11660: 11657: 11651: 11644: 11639: 11632: 11631:Kymlicka 1995 11627: 11621: 11617: 11613: 11607: 11599: 11593: 11589: 11582: 11580: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11557: 11553: 11546: 11538: 11536:9788170249825 11532: 11528: 11521: 11514: 11510: 11504: 11500: 11493: 11473: 11465: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11443: 11439: 11432: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11410: 11406: 11399: 11391: 11389:9781139519076 11385: 11381: 11374: 11366: 11364:9781107640757 11360: 11356: 11349: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11329: 11325: 11321: 11314: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11282: 11278: 11271: 11263: 11257: 11253: 11246: 11238: 11234: 11230: 11226: 11222: 11218: 11214: 11210: 11203: 11187: 11183: 11179: 11172: 11164: 11160: 11156: 11152: 11148: 11144: 11137: 11129: 11128: 11120: 11112: 11108: 11107: 11102: 11096: 11089: 11083: 11076: 11071: 11069: 11061: 11056: 11049: 11044: 11037: 11032: 11025: 11020: 11012: 11006: 11002: 11001: 10993: 10985: 10981: 10977: 10973: 10969: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10950: 10943: 10938: 10936: 10928: 10923: 10921: 10919: 10917: 10915: 10907: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10889: 10883: 10879: 10878: 10870: 10854: 10850: 10844: 10840: 10839: 10831: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10803: 10800:(2): 80–124. 10799: 10795: 10788: 10780: 10776: 10772: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10745: 10743: 10726: 10722: 10718: 10714: 10710: 10703: 10695: 10688: 10686: 10677: 10670: 10654: 10650: 10646: 10639: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10609: 10593: 10589: 10583: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10552: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10521: 10505: 10501: 10494: 10478: 10474: 10473: 10468: 10462: 10454: 10448: 10444: 10443: 10435: 10419: 10415: 10411: 10404: 10397: 10393: 10389: 10386: 10381: 10379: 10371: 10358: 10354: 10353: 10348: 10342: 10335: 10323: 10319: 10318: 10313: 10307: 10300: 10288: 10284: 10283: 10278: 10272: 10265: 10260: 10258:9781609456429 10254: 10250: 10249: 10241: 10234: 10230: 10228:9781135172787 10224: 10220: 10216: 10215: 10207: 10200: 10196: 10194:9781108724746 10190: 10186: 10182: 10181: 10173: 10157: 10153: 10149: 10143: 10127: 10123: 10119: 10113: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10082: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10043: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10013: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9983: 9967: 9963: 9962: 9957: 9951: 9935: 9931: 9930: 9925: 9919: 9903: 9899: 9898: 9897:The Economist 9893: 9887: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9856: 9840: 9836: 9829: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9793: 9786: 9785: 9780: 9776: 9773: 9767: 9751: 9747: 9743: 9737: 9729: 9725: 9718: 9716: 9707: 9703: 9696: 9688: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9647: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9623: 9619: 9612: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9588: 9584: 9577: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9549: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9481: 9474: 9472: 9463: 9456: 9454: 9452: 9450: 9448: 9446: 9438: 9432: 9425: 9419: 9412: 9406: 9399: 9393: 9386: 9380: 9373: 9367: 9360: 9356: 9351: 9344: 9338: 9332:(1955) p. 87. 9331: 9325: 9318: 9312: 9304: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9272: 9265: 9257: 9250: 9242: 9236: 9232: 9231: 9223: 9215: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9180: 9172: 9166: 9162: 9161: 9153: 9146: 9140: 9133: 9127: 9120: 9114: 9107: 9101: 9093: 9087: 9083: 9082: 9074: 9066: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9047: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9017: 9016: 9008: 9000: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8985: 8977: 8969: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8939: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8884: 8877: 8870: 8863: 8858: 8851: 8846: 8839: 8834: 8827: 8822: 8820: 8811: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8790: 8782: 8774: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8737: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8697: 8690: 8683: 8678: 8670: 8658: 8654: 8647: 8639: 8637:9788418849107 8633: 8629: 8625: 8618: 8610: 8608:9788429744408 8604: 8600: 8596: 8589: 8581: 8574: 8558: 8554: 8548: 8540: 8538:9788490341339 8534: 8530: 8526: 8519: 8511: 8509:9788418434983 8505: 8501: 8497: 8490: 8482: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8461: 8454: 8450: 8447: 8441: 8433: 8431:9788416416707 8427: 8423: 8419: 8412: 8404: 8398: 8394: 8393: 8385: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8364: 8357: 8351: 8335: 8331: 8330: 8325: 8318: 8302: 8298: 8297: 8292: 8285: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8255: 8247: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8231: 8224: 8216: 8209: 8202: 8196: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8173: 8167: 8160: 8154: 8147: 8141: 8134: 8128: 8121: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8091: 8085: 8069: 8065: 8061: 8055: 8047: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8028: 8021: 8015: 8007: 8000: 7993: 7987: 7979: 7973: 7969: 7968: 7960: 7958: 7950: 7944: 7936: 7930: 7926: 7925: 7917: 7909: 7902: 7895: 7889: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7846: 7838: 7834: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7811: 7795: 7791: 7785: 7781: 7780: 7772: 7765: 7761: 7755: 7739: 7735: 7728: 7712: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7638: 7622: 7618: 7616: 7608: 7600: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7585: 7577: 7570: 7565: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7540: 7532: 7526: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7510: 7502: 7496: 7492: 7491: 7483: 7475: 7471: 7470: 7462: 7455: 7449: 7441: 7435: 7431: 7430: 7422: 7414: 7412:9781107031180 7408: 7404: 7403: 7395: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7365: 7358: 7352: 7337: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7318: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7291: 7283: 7277: 7273: 7272: 7271:World History 7264: 7256: 7250: 7246: 7239: 7230: 7216: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7124: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7098: 7091: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7069: 7065: 7058: 7056: 7049:, p. 43. 7048: 7043: 7035: 7029: 7025: 7018: 7010: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6991: 6972: 6968: 6961: 6954: 6946: 6940: 6936: 6935: 6927: 6918: 6909: 6900: 6892: 6886: 6882: 6881: 6873: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6822: 6815: 6809: 6802: 6796: 6780: 6776: 6772: 6771:"Nationalism" 6766: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6739: 6731: 6725: 6721: 6720: 6712: 6705: 6693: 6689: 6682: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6650: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6630: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6591: 6584: 6583: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6567: 6561: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6502: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6453: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6410: 6402: 6395: 6387: 6380: 6378: 6369: 6363: 6359: 6352: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6317: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6287:"Nationalism" 6281: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6174: 6166: 6164:9780191727191 6160: 6156: 6149: 6147: 6139: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6113:9781108973298 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6086: 6084: 6075: 6068: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6041: 6039: 6031: 6025: 6017: 6011: 6007: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5990: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5916: 5908: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5889: 5887: 5878: 5872: 5868: 5867: 5859: 5857: 5852: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5834:World War Two 5831: 5830:George Orwell 5827: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5771:National myth 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5723: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5656:Isaiah Berlin 5653: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5633: 5630: 5629:George Orwell 5625: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5524: 5520: 5518: 5513: 5506: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5462: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5435:Saudi Arabian 5429: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5371: 5366: 5365: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341:authoritarian 5338: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5322:militant chic 5319: 5315: 5314:communitarian 5311: 5307: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5236:in their own 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5182:racial purity 5179: 5175: 5172: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5135: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5053:Mebyon Kernow 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4960:Slavic people 4957: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4941: 4939: 4935: 4934:Fascist Italy 4931: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4888:constructions 4884: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4813: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4746: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4707: 4702: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4572: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4527:Muslim League 4524: 4520: 4516: 4513:argued for a 4512: 4508: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4454:Anti-colonial 4451: 4448: 4441: 4431: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4407: 4406:Joseph Stalin 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4379: 4376: 4370: 4365: 4358: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4343: 4342:Leda Cosmides 4339: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4315: 4310: 4304: 4295: 4292: 4288: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4252: 4249: 4244: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4209: 4200: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4092:America First 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3846: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3758: 3755: 3740: 3737: 3729: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3703:This section 3701: 3697: 3692: 3691: 3682: 3679: 3671: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3647: 3646: 3641:This section 3639: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3404:Fascist Italy 3402: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3326: 3324: 3321:, autocracy, 3320: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3290: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3268: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3044: 3043:Simón Bolívar 3039: 3035: 3033: 3032:Roman Dmowski 3029: 3024: 3023:Piast Dynasty 3020: 3019:Piast Concept 3015: 3013: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2958: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2939:. That state 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2746: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2702: 2696: 2694: 2688: 2684: 2682: 2681:Josep Borrell 2676: 2672: 2670: 2669:José Pemartín 2666: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2557:Umberto Bossi 2554: 2549: 2547: 2546:economic boom 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2332: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2315:(1808–1884), 2314: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2239: 2233: 2222: 2213: 2209: 2206:This section 2204: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2191:Latin America 2188: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078:Sergey Uvarov 2075: 2071: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2040: 2037: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2012: 2007: 2005: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1962: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1895: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1818:public sphere 1815: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1793:(1775–1783). 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1739:British Celts 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1683: 1677: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1656: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1595: 1590: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1528:modernization 1525: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1506:Primordialism 1504: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1382: 1377: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1266: 1265: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1213: 1212: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1171: 1170: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1157:Civil society 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1141: 1136: 1135:Public policy 1133: 1132: 1128: 1122: 1121: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1002: 998: 997: 989: 988: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 955:Parliamentary 953: 951: 948: 946: 943: 941: 940:Hybrid regime 938: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 892: 888: 882: 881: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 835: 827: 826: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 806: 804: 803: 800: 797: 796: 793: 789: 788: 778: 773: 771: 766: 764: 759: 758: 756: 755: 750: 745: 740: 739: 738: 737: 730: 727: 725: 722: 718: 715: 714: 713: 710: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 686: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 590:Ethnocentrism 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 537: 531: 530: 525: 520:Organizations 517: 516: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 493:Technological 491: 489: 486: 482: 481:Ethnocacerism 479: 475: 472: 470: 467: 465: 462: 461: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 446: 445: 444:Revolutionary 442: 440: 437: 433: 430: 428: 425: 421: 418: 417: 416: 413: 409: 406: 404: 401: 400: 399: 396: 395: 394: 391: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 370: 367: 366: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 351: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 324: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 288: 285: 284: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 232: 231: 228: 224: 221: 220: 219: 216: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 195: 192: 187: 186: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 155: 149: 148: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 116: 113: 111: 108: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 62: 58: 53: 52: 49: 46: 45: 41: 37: 36: 33: 29: 22: 17507: 17406:Elite theory 17354: 17344: 17334: 17324: 17314: 17304: 17294: 17284: 17274: 17264: 17254: 17244: 17234: 17224: 17214: 17204: 17194: 17184: 17174: 17164: 17154: 17144: 16443:Guicciardini 16399:Early modern 16222:Philosophers 16172:Open society 16108:Body politic 16042: 15978:Distributism 15968:Conservatism 15963:Confucianism 15882:Gerontocracy 15872:Dictatorship 15826:Sovereignty‎ 15816:Ruling class 15706:Emancipation 15691:Citizenship‎ 15508:Collectivism 15442: 15347:Distributism 15332:Conservatism 15327:Confucianism 15247:Centre-right 15110:Nation state 15025:Anationalism 14765:Expansionist 14580: 14527:. Retrieved 14523:the original 14514: 14499:. Retrieved 14495:the original 14486: 14474: 14432:. Retrieved 14423: 14404:. Retrieved 14400:the original 14384: 14360: 14336: 14312: 14288: 14263: 14238: 14215: 14200:. Retrieved 14183: 14177: 14162:. Retrieved 14153: 14140: 14118: 14096: 14081:. Retrieved 14038: 14012: 13995: 13994:Kohn, Hans. 13988: 13970: 13962: 13955: 13937: 13926: 13919: 13904:. Palgrave. 13901: 13882: 13871: 13853: 13845: 13817: 13804: 13800: 13775:. Retrieved 13739: 13716: 13693: 13669: 13648: 13634: 13633:Kohn, Hans. 13623:. Retrieved 13613: 13588: 13574: 13555: 13544: 13525: 13500: 13476: 13446: 13406: 13400: 13373: 13367: 13355:. Retrieved 13345: 13339: 13327:. Retrieved 13313: 13297: 13285:. Retrieved 13263: 13255: 13251: 13242: 13217: 13213: 13207: 13161:. Retrieved 13139: 13129: 13125: 13106: 13100: 13081: 13075: 13056: 13050: 13023: 13019: 13009: 12997:. Retrieved 12988: 12979: 12961: 12956: 12948: 12940: 12932: 12927: 12919: 12914: 12906: 12901: 12893: 12888: 12880: 12875: 12867: 12862: 12854: 12849: 12842:Leoussi 2001 12837: 12813: 12796: 12784:. Retrieved 12773: 12748:. Retrieved 12739: 12706: 12699: 12687:. Retrieved 12678: 12674:New Politics 12672: 12662: 12643: 12614: 12579:(1): 27–63. 12576: 12572: 12546:. Retrieved 12535: 12495:. Retrieved 12486: 12480: 12447:21 September 12445:. Retrieved 12420: 12416: 12387: 12382: 12364: 12359: 12347:. Retrieved 12343:the original 12322: 12318: 12308: 12300: 12295: 12288: 12279: 12259: 12252: 12222:(1): 75–90. 12219: 12215: 12209: 12176: 12172: 12144: 12138: 12113: 12109: 12103: 12094: 12088: 12065: 12055: 12043:. Retrieved 12034: 12030: 11994: 11990: 11961:. Retrieved 11941: 11934: 11926: 11921: 11913: 11908: 11899: 11887:. Retrieved 11873: 11865: 11860: 11838:(1): 32–45. 11835: 11831: 11825: 11813:. Retrieved 11796: 11790: 11775:. Retrieved 11750: 11746: 11735: 11723: 11706: 11700: 11693: 11681: 11674: 11669: 11650: 11638: 11626: 11611: 11606: 11587: 11551: 11545: 11526: 11520: 11512: 11498: 11492: 11480:. Retrieved 11464: 11437: 11431: 11404: 11398: 11379: 11373: 11354: 11348: 11323: 11319: 11313: 11280: 11276: 11270: 11251: 11245: 11212: 11208: 11202: 11190:. Retrieved 11182:marxists.org 11181: 11171: 11149:(1): 19–38. 11146: 11142: 11136: 11126: 11119: 11105: 11095: 11087: 11082: 11055: 11043: 11031: 11019: 10999: 10992: 10962:(1): 59–71. 10959: 10955: 10949: 10876: 10869: 10857:. Retrieved 10837: 10830: 10797: 10793: 10787: 10754: 10750: 10728:. Retrieved 10719:(3): 24–44. 10716: 10712: 10702: 10693: 10675: 10669: 10657:. Retrieved 10648: 10638: 10626:. Retrieved 10617: 10608: 10596:. Retrieved 10582: 10570:. Retrieved 10561: 10551: 10539:. Retrieved 10535:the original 10530: 10520: 10508:. Retrieved 10493: 10481:. Retrieved 10470: 10461: 10441: 10434: 10422:. Retrieved 10414:The Guardian 10413: 10403: 10395: 10368: 10361:. Retrieved 10350: 10341: 10333: 10326:. Retrieved 10317:The Guardian 10315: 10306: 10298: 10291:. Retrieved 10280: 10271: 10262: 10247: 10240: 10232: 10213: 10206: 10198: 10179: 10172: 10160:. Retrieved 10151: 10142: 10130:. Retrieved 10121: 10112: 10100:. Retrieved 10091: 10081: 10069:. Retrieved 10053:The Guardian 10052: 10042: 10030:. Retrieved 10021: 10012: 10000:. Retrieved 9996:the original 9982: 9970:. Retrieved 9959: 9950: 9938:. Retrieved 9927: 9918: 9906:. Retrieved 9895: 9886: 9874:. Retrieved 9865: 9855: 9843:. Retrieved 9828: 9803: 9799: 9792: 9782: 9766: 9754:. 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Retrieved 5967: 5953: 5921: 5915: 5895: 5865: 5823: 5712: 5703: 5668: 5664:David Miller 5640: 5635: 5626: 5595: 5591:Pan-Islamism 5571: 5564:Philosopher 5563: 5551: 5530: 5521: 5508: 5493: 5489: 5480: 5431: 5393: 5369: 5362: 5359: 5344:anti-statism 5325: 5303: 5284:anti-fascism 5273:totalitarian 5260: 5258: 5242:meritocratic 5222:nation state 5167: 5139:Richard Hunt 5132: 5126: 5123:Albion Awake 5122: 5096: 5077:Awami League 5055:, Ireland's 5037:Fidel Castro 5034: 5023: 5006: 4995: 4966:people into 4964:south Slavic 4953: 4942: 4938:Nazi Germany 4915:Risorgimento 4911: 4885: 4856: 4818: 4794: 4768: 4753: 4749: 4745:ethnocentric 4742: 4719: 4704: 4665:Ernest Renan 4654: 4645:Ernest Renan 4622: 4590: 4578:Ernest Renan 4574: 4551: 4547: 4504: 4497: 4493: 4477: 4443: 4409: 4387: 4385: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4346: 4318: 4308: 4305: 4301: 4289: 4278: 4270:Gesellschaft 4269: 4266:Gemeinschaft 4265: 4255: 4254:In his book 4253: 4245: 4210: 4206: 4197: 4172: 4132: 4116: 4104: 4091: 4087: 4084:Donald Trump 4077: 4073:Donald Trump 4051: 4037: 4029:Nippon Kaigi 4016: 3985: 3965:Viktor Orbán 3942: 3912:Since 2010, 3911: 3877:The rise of 3876: 3867:21st century 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3841: 3822: 3803: 3792: 3788: 3779: 3777: 3765: 3750: 3732: 3723: 3712:Please help 3707:verification 3704: 3674: 3665: 3642: 3618: 3611: 3605: 3604:Please help 3601: 3560: 3548:Saudi Arabia 3530: 3505:South Africa 3503: 3499: 3487: 3390: 3340:Nationalist 3339: 3308: 3292: 3287: 3270: 3256:20th century 3246:anti-Zionist 3236: 3214: 3181:Jewish state 3175: 3170:emancipation 3166: 3150: 3144:In 1869 the 3143: 3132: 3125: 3115: 3105: 3071: 3059:Josef Stalin 3048: 3016: 3012:Centre Party 2960: 2906: 2886:South Slavic 2855: 2848:Ottoman rule 2830: 2793:idealization 2766: 2741: 2710: 2699: 2697: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2662: 2658: 2642: 2595:through the 2574: 2550: 2527: 2518: 2483:dialects of 2472:Risorgimento 2471: 2460:Risorgimento 2459: 2453: 2377: 2365:Adolf Hitler 2358: 2345:Adolf Hitler 2335: 2328: 2324: 2309: 2301: 2286: 2235: 2219:January 2019 2216: 2212:adding to it 2207: 2169:Ottoman rule 2134: 2128: 2124: 2067: 2033: 2025: 2022: 2014: 2009: 2003: 2001: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1940: 1899:19th century 1892: 1875:Linda Colley 1868: 1862: 1850: 1811: 1767: 1713:or with the 1708: 1694:Erica Benner 1687: 1679: 1674: 1663: 1643: 1635:Glenda Sluga 1629: 1628: 1622: 1604: 1601:Hugo Grotius 1598: 1593: 1562:conservatism 1551: 1510:Romantic era 1488: 1416:nation-state 1414:to create a 1391: 1390: 1085:street-level 960:Presidential 920:Dictatorship 790:Part of the 712:Subsidiarity 540:Anationalism 299:Expansionist 163:Independence 47: 32: 17544:Nationalism 17280:(1835–1840) 17160:(c. 350 BC) 17150:(c. 375 BC) 16767:Tocqueville 16732:Saint-Simon 16697:Montesquieu 16548:Bolingbroke 16480:Machiavelli 16360:Ibn Khaldun 16325:Alpharabius 16318:Middle Ages 16143:Natural law 16118:Common good 16043:Nationalism 16003:Imperialism 15973:Corporatism 15948:Colonialism 15928:Agrarianism 15907:Technocracy 15887:Meritocracy 15867:Bureaucracy 15857:Aristocracy 15610:Regionalism 15555:Imperialism 15518:Culturalism 15513:Colonialism 15443:Nationalism 15364:Familialism 15342:Corporatism 15312:Communalism 15292:Agrarianism 15269:Reactionary 15237:Centre-left 15133: [ 15080:Irredentism 14968:Territorial 14588:Development 14581:Nationalism 14473:– entry at 14464:Nationalism 13609:James, Paul 13583:James, Paul 13447:Nationalism 13246:Motyl 1:298 13145:Cliff, Tony 13026:(1): 3–12. 12999:13 December 12497:12 November 12489:(4): 1–12. 12299:Ivo Banac, 12145:Orientalism 12045:17 November 12037:: 125–130. 11728:Miller 1995 11709:(1): 1–17. 11643:Miller 1995 11438:Orientalism 11405:Nationalism 11106:Nationalism 10859:20 February 10730:20 February 10510:14 November 9876:5 September 9328:Hans Kohn, 9036:23 November 8928:28 February 8883:Ethnicities 8764:10272/19498 8726:28 February 7800:22 November 7303:: 211–239. 7047:Benner 2013 6358:Nationalism 6222:22 November 5963:James, Paul 5815: [ 5559:anti-racism 5465:Territorial 5404:anti-racism 5400:immigration 5333:egalitarian 5330:anti-racist 5254:traditional 5250:sustainable 5218:communities 5215:homogeneous 5163:Leo Tolstoy 5159:Max Stirner 5065:Plaid Cymru 4956:Pan-Slavism 4921:, Germany, 4904:Irredentism 4864:ideological 4844:orientalism 4832:Colonialism 4801:masculinity 4657:rationalism 4599:or Spanish 4535:partitioned 4428:intercourse 4375:G. P. Gooch 4323:as well as 4248:Henry Maine 4217:Henry Maine 4192:Barry Posen 4140:Machiavelli 4111:Philippines 3897:, France's 3818:Orientalism 3571:Palestinian 3556:Arab League 3527:Middle East 3445:medievalism 3443:as well as 3401:Mussolini's 3358:Megali Idea 3342:irredentist 3311:imperialism 3278:Sun Yat-sen 3067:Belarusians 3008:Kulturkampf 2769:romanticism 2701:Reconquista 2349:Sudetenland 2121:Nationality 2111:paternalist 2028:("revenge") 1948:World War I 1919:philosopher 1887:Reformation 1883:H. G. Wells 1879:World War I 1834:Thomas Arne 1824:, anthems, 1812:Due to the 1719:Middle Ages 1630:Nationalism 1584:Terminology 1404:sovereignty 1392:Nationalism 1224:Sovereignty 1189:Legislature 1092:Technocracy 1080:Bureaucracy 945:Meritocracy 925:Directorial 683: [ 635:Irredentism 625:Imperialism 498:Territorial 464:Legionarism 152:Core values 48:Nationalism 17538:Categories 17488:Separatism 17296:On Liberty 17196:The Prince 16925:Huntington 16428:Campanella 16355:al-Ghazali 16304:Thucydides 16262:Lactantius 16207:Statolatry 16033:Monarchism 16013:Liberalism 15938:Capitalism 15921:Ideologies 15902:Plutocracy 15850:Government 15806:Revolution 15791:Propaganda 15741:Legitimacy 15716:Government 15625:Syncretism 15615:Separatism 15575:Militarism 15545:Federalism 15431:Monarchism 15411:Liberalism 15302:Capitalism 15252:Right-wing 15142:Revanchism 14799:Linguistic 14745:Ecological 14202:14 January 14121:. Polity. 13625:2 December 13436:References 13425:1107699751 13374:Up-wingers 13357:14 October 12962:Outre-mers 12918:Gwang Ok, 12806:0631152059 12548:2 December 12349:24 October 11925:Baycroft, 11620:0691078939 11447:0394428145 11414:0814731139 11101:G.P. Gooch 11075:Motyl 2001 11060:Motyl 2001 11048:Motyl 2001 11036:Motyl 2001 11024:Motyl 2001 10942:Motyl 2001 10927:Motyl 2001 10906:Motyl 2001 10483:23 October 10293:9 November 10002:25 October 9972:25 October 9961:EUobserver 9940:25 October 9908:25 October 9464:: 162–166. 8862:Núñez 2001 8838:Núñez 2001 8796:(2): 199. 8745:. Lleida: 8340:9 November 8307:4 November 8274:9 November 7569:Motyl 2001 7384:12 October 7082:j.ctt7t07k 6785:9 November 6698:19 January 6671:2 December 6655:Nairn, Tom 6329:(2): 154. 5840:Xenophobia 5807:Patriotism 5726:Chauvinism 5683:chauvinism 5675:militarism 5647:Lord Acton 5606:communists 5602:socialists 5600:and other 5575:the masses 5546:See also: 5364:immigrants 5354:See also: 5326:anarchists 5246:capitalist 5234:separately 5208:anti-state 5186:syncretize 5180:and white 5174:right-wing 4968:Yugoslavia 4852:sexualized 4805:femininity 4763:See also: 4751:anathema. 4714:See also: 4597:Legitimism 4586:plebiscite 4519:opposition 4468:Suez Canal 4438:See also: 4338:John Tooby 4274:alienation 4264:defined a 4050:(known as 4017:In Japan, 3986:In India, 3726:March 2023 3668:March 2023 3652:improve it 3607:improve it 3441:classicism 3433:folk music 3378:Cappadocia 3323:patriarchy 3319:warlordism 3282:Kuomintang 3063:Ukrainians 2925:Yugoslavia 2866:Old Serbia 2773:classicism 2737:Hispanidad 2575:After the 2485:Neapolitan 2413:Aryan race 2390:, much of 2384:Lebensraum 2373:Aryan race 2369:Nazi Party 2283:, May 1848 2153:Bulgarians 2145:Slavophile 2082:Nicholas I 2026:Revanchism 1982:Revanchism 1923:journalist 1830:Union Jack 1747:Roman rule 1723:Tom Garvin 1554:patriotism 1472:solidarity 1464:traditions 1456:government 1314:Governance 1304:Government 1299:Federalism 900:City-state 729:Xenophobia 697:Revanchism 650:Militarism 309:Indigenism 304:Homosexual 272:Ecological 178:Solidarity 168:Patriotism 158:Allegiance 21:Patriotism 17206:Leviathan 17186:Monarchia 17180:(c. 1274) 17015:Oakeshott 16960:Mansfield 16955:Luxemburg 16940:Kropotkin 16835:Bernstein 16788:centuries 16702:Nietzsche 16645:Jefferson 16573:Condorcet 16521:centuries 16500:Pufendorf 16365:Marsilius 16252:Confucius 16237:Aristotle 16230:Antiquity 16158:Noble lie 16078:Third Way 16073:Socialism 15998:Feudalism 15953:Communism 15933:Anarchism 15912:Theocracy 15897:Oligarchy 15877:Democracy 15862:Autocracy 15776:Pluralism 15761:Obedience 15726:Hierarchy 15686:Authority 15605:Reformism 15590:Pluralism 15550:Globalism 15540:Extremism 15475:Third Way 15470:Socialism 15453:Classical 15426:Masculism 15317:Communism 15297:Anarchism 15257:Far-right 15232:Left-wing 14973:Terrorism 14937:Falangism 14876:Christian 14871:Religious 14792:Communist 14787:Left-wing 14735:Corporate 14725:Communist 14686:Bourgeois 14676:Anarchist 14310:(2010) . 14192:1522-1113 14073:750831024 13925:Gerrits, 13767:259646325 13193:orwell.ru 13042:245894934 12593:143709925 12437:144248307 12339:144474775 12201:142868365 11767:145715867 11340:0891-3811 11305:145053698 11297:1356-9317 11237:144187204 11229:0002-9602 10984:151531605 10822:154935234 10779:153804691 10370:movement. 10219:Routledge 10122:U.S. News 10061:0261-3077 9820:145077294 9603:249691639 9568:151283265 9303:154121434 9295:1527-2028 9214:153577101 8968:143787176 8915:144193279 8907:1468-7968 8810:145675694 8773:1888-3931 8716:0213-2087 8710:: 14–15. 8240:: 84–88. 7643:"Etusivu" 7170:144176353 7154:0003-0554 6864:144002511 6848:0002-9602 6609:0015-7120 6540:246017190 6532:0002-9602 6485:1531-4804 6444:153875363 6436:0010-4140 6343:154796642 6212:149288553 6204:1354-5078 6122:259646325 5699:tribalism 5608:(such as 5542:Criticism 5422:Religious 5374:"ativists 5318:racialist 5306:left-wing 5296:universal 5288:hierarchy 5204:anarchist 5189:neotribal 5115:far-right 5101:activist 5057:Sinn Féin 5047:in 1959, 4974:Left-wing 4970:in 1918. 4848:feminized 4797:gendering 4722:ethnicity 4633:tolerance 4499:Gellner's 4488:New World 4447:Hans Kohn 4394:Karl Marx 4291:Max Weber 4233:Max Weber 4203:Sociology 4160:Max Weber 4105:In 2016, 4023:far right 4012:Sri Lanka 3879:globalism 3799:Yugoslavs 3772:communism 3656:verifying 3613:talk page 3513:apartheid 3509:Afrikaner 3484:) in 1960 3315:feudalism 3250:Holocaust 3193:socialist 3107:Bulgarian 3057:dictator 2638:Galicians 2614:Catalonia 2565:Lega Nord 2243:New Spain 2157:Romanians 2125:Narodnost 2103:Autocracy 2093:Orthodoxy 1931:Fennomans 1865:Hans Kohn 1846:John Bull 1639:globalism 1574:socialism 1440:ethnicity 1428:political 1294:Unitarism 1282:Elections 1270:Subseries 1199:Judiciary 1194:Executive 1097:Adhocracy 980:Theocracy 935:Feudalism 915:Democracy 610:Globalism 595:Francoism 398:Christian 393:Religious 319:Left-wing 262:Corporate 252:Communist 213:Bourgeois 203:Anarchist 17461:Centrism 17156:Politics 17146:Republic 17115:Voegelin 17095:Spengler 17080:Shariati 17055:Rothbard 17010:Nussbaum 16910:Habermas 16885:Fukuyama 16875:Foucault 16800:Ambedkar 16777:Voltaire 16747:de Staël 16722:Rousseau 16603:Franklin 16578:Constant 16538:Beccaria 16370:Muhammad 16350:Gelasius 16335:Averroes 16309:Xenophon 16289:Polybius 16242:Chanakya 16087:Concepts 16053:Populism 16023:Localism 16008:Islamism 15993:Feminism 15892:Monarchy 15796:Property 15786:Progress 15751:Monopoly 15721:Hegemony 15595:Populism 15585:Pacifism 15580:Nihilism 15570:Localism 15489:See also 15436:Royalism 15406:Islamism 15401:Hindutva 15386:Feminism 15242:Centrism 15227:Far-left 15217:Moderate 15212:Hardline 15085:Jingoism 14958:Romantic 14917:Resource 14908:Hindutva 14886:Clerico- 14881:Catholic 14824:Populist 14782:Integral 14760:European 14750:Economic 14708:American 14691:Business 14655:Treasure 14630:Language 14625:Identity 14541:Archived 14529:14 April 14467:Archived 14454:Archived 14428:Archived 14358:(2013). 14334:(2009). 14286:(2000). 14260:(1995). 14236:(1981). 14214:(2010). 14196:Archived 14158:Archived 14139:(2019). 14117:(2013). 14095:(2006). 14083:30 March 14077:Archived 14020:Archived 14015:(2011). 14003:Archived 13936:(1992). 13881:(1996). 13814:(1990). 13793:Archived 13771:Archived 13691:(1995). 13646:(1995). 13619:Archived 13611:(2006). 13585:(1996). 13554:(1992). 13498:(1995). 13474:(1983). 13351:Archived 13320:Archived 13281:Archived 13271:(1915). 13196:Archived 13185:Archived 13163:2 August 13157:Archived 13147:(1959). 12993:Archived 12969:Archived 12824:, 1981, 12780:Archived 12744:Archived 12683:Archived 12612:(2003). 12542:Archived 12491:Archived 12441:Archived 12372:Archived 12236:20097951 12039:Archived 11957:Archived 11883:Archived 11809:Archived 11771:Archived 11659:Archived 11570:49570017 11482:16 April 11423:37353976 11186:Archived 11103:(1920). 10853:Archived 10653:Archived 10628:18 April 10622:Archived 10592:Archived 10566:Archived 10504:Archived 10477:Archived 10472:Politico 10418:Archived 10388:Archived 10363:2 August 10357:Archived 10328:15 March 10322:Archived 10287:Archived 10282:ABC News 10156:Archived 10126:Archived 10096:Archived 10065:Archived 10026:Archived 9966:Archived 9934:Archived 9902:Archived 9870:Archived 9839:Archived 9775:Archived 9750:Archived 9687:27298631 9638:20202389 9520:20045621 9030:Archived 8919:Archived 8893:: 9–10. 8720:Archived 8657:Archived 8563:2 August 8449:Archived 8334:Archived 8301:Archived 8268:Archived 8199:Snyder, 8098:Archived 8068:Archived 7837:30036938 7794:Archived 7738:Archived 7711:Archived 7681:Archived 7651:Archived 7621:Archived 7517:(1998). 7378:Archived 6971:Archived 6779:Archived 6692:Archived 6665:Archived 6613:Archived 6573:Archived 6544:Archived 6493:57561272 6216:Archived 6126:Archived 5973:Archived 5965:(1996). 5802:Nativism 5741:Jingoism 5719:See also 5679:jingoism 5671:pacifist 5598:Marxists 5587:Islamist 5527:Pandemic 5453:and the 5451:American 5443:Egyptian 5398:and the 5378:Patriots 5370:nativism 5350:Nativist 5299:equality 5280:oxymoron 5111:far-left 5049:Cornwall 5028:and his 4877:gendered 4759:Economic 4637:equality 4523:Congress 4260:(1887), 4152:Rousseau 4100:Ted Cruz 4008:Thailand 3973:Slovakia 3969:Bulgaria 3955:(led by 3901:and the 3883:populism 3490:Ethiopia 3423:and the 3084:Bulgaria 3041:General 3003:religion 2857:de facto 2846:against 2715:and the 2618:Valencia 2585:Philip V 2561:Padanism 2489:Sicilian 2408:eugenics 2394:and the 2289:Napoleon 2238:colonies 1913:Senator 1853:American 1783:Voltaire 1779:Rousseau 1745:against 1733:and the 1613:between 1460:religion 1454:(or the 1452:politics 1448:language 1412:homeland 1322:Ideology 1140:doctrine 1101:Service 965:Republic 950:Monarchy 930:Federacy 819:Category 799:Politics 724:Trumpism 665:Nativism 645:Localism 640:Jingoism 488:Romantic 439:Resource 420:Hindutva 408:Clerical 403:Catholic 364:Japanese 323:populism 314:Integral 294:European 277:Economic 235:American 218:Business 140:Treasure 115:Language 110:Identity 40:a series 38:Part of 17498:Statism 17411:Elitism 17369:Related 17170:(51 BC) 17100:Strauss 17075:Scruton 17070:Schmitt 17060:Russell 16980:Michels 16975:Maurras 16970:Marcuse 16930:Kautsky 16900:Gramsci 16895:Gentile 16865:Dworkin 16855:Du Bois 16850:Dmowski 16845:Chomsky 16840:Burnham 16825:Benoist 16795:Agamben 16762:Thoreau 16752:Stirner 16742:Spencer 16687:Mazzini 16677:Maistre 16672:Madison 16667:Le Play 16598:Fourier 16563:Carlyle 16543:Bentham 16533:Bastiat 16528:Bakunin 16505:Spinoza 16495:Müntzer 16465:Leibniz 16438:Grotius 16418:Bossuet 16385:Plethon 16330:Aquinas 16299:Sun Tzu 16267:Mencius 16257:Han Fei 16028:Marxism 15988:Fascism 15821:Society 15746:Liberty 15731:Justice 15711:Freedom 15620:Statism 15480:Zionism 15421:Marxism 15369:Fascism 15264:Radical 14944:Fascism 14898:Islamic 14864:Zionism 14696:Welfare 14671:African 14664:By type 14600:Colours 14406:28 July 14037:(ed.). 14017:excerpt 13991:(2016). 13929:(2015). 13234:3654261 12935:(2008). 12922:(2007). 12909:(2001). 12896:(2015). 12883:(2016). 12870:(2015). 12857:(1993). 12786:14 June 12750:14 June 12689:27 July 12244:2332633 12130:4129220 11852:3176007 11456:4004102 10976:4236409 10814:2539098 10771:2538753 10618:Haaretz 10572:30 July 10541:30 July 10424:17 June 10102:27 July 10071:27 July 10022:Reuters 9845:30 July 9784:Haaretz 9678:4894286 9387:(2005). 9374:(1977). 9256:Zionism 9147:(2005). 8749:: 133. 8669:Twitter 8266:. n.d. 8187:(1914) 8104:16 June 7880:3270766 7872:1875877 7744:29 June 7717:29 June 7687:19 June 7657:29 June 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