792:
1363:
1118:. At a glance, national consciousness is one's level of awareness of the collective and one's understanding that without "them", there is no "us". It is the mere awareness of the many shared attitudes and beliefs towards things like family, customs, societal and gender roles, etc. The awareness allows one to have a "collective identity", which allows them to be knowledgeable of where they are and how those places and people around them are so significant that they ultimately make the collective a nation. In short, national consciousness can be defined as a specific core of attitudes that provide habitual modes for regarding life's phenomena.
1162:, are imagined. The idea of the "imagined community" is that a nation is socially constructed, and the nation is made up of individuals who see themselves as part of a particular group. Anderson referred to nations as "imagined communities". He thought that nations, or imagined communities, were delimited because of their boundaries regarding who is in and who is out. Anderson believed that the nation operates through exclusion. Though nations exclude those outside of it but also their members who are not immediately considered in the collective idea of their national identity. Anderson thought that nations were delimited and also were:
871:
882:
1354:
even a nation like Turkey which occupies an important geographic trade crossroads and international marketplace with a tradition of liberal economic activity with an ingrained entrepreneurial and foreign trade has degrees of ethnocentrism as
Turkish consumers may be basically rational buyers by not discriminating against imported products. Nevertheless, they exhibit preferences for local goods that are of equal quality to the imports because buying them assists the nation's economy and domestic employment.
1096:
1284:. The Australian government and majority culture-imposed policies and framework that supported the majority, European-based cultural values, and a national language as English. The state did not support the Aboriginal cultures and languages, which were nearly eradicated by the state during the 20th century. Because of these conflicts, the Aboriginal population identifies less or does not identify with the national identity of being an Australian, but their ethnic identities are salient.
1717:
cultural sovereignty can be found in the
Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Co-operation, adopted by UNESCO in 1966, where Article 11 (1) reads: "1. In their cultural relations, States shall bear in mind the principles of the United Nations. In seeking to achieve international co-operation, they shall respect the sovereign equality of States and shall refrain from intervention in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State."
738:
1262:
1145:
achievements. These collective elements are rooted in the nation's history. Depending on how much the individual is exposed to the socialization of this system, people incorporate national identity into their identity to different degrees and in different ways, and the collective elements of national identity may become important parts of an individual's definition of the self and how they view the world and their place in it.
3227:
933:, cuisine, radio, television, and so on. Under various social influences, people incorporate national identity into their identities by adopting beliefs, values, assumptions, and expectations which align with one's national identity. People with identification of their nation view national beliefs and values as personally meaningful and translate them into daily practices.
1191:. Since large numbers of people from different backgrounds were coming together in cities, a shared identity had to be made among them. The spread of capitalism brought the demand for constant retraining, and Gellner thought that as a result, the demand was met by creating a shared past, common culture, and language, which led to the birth of nations.
815:, and cultural artifacts. Subjectively, it is a feeling one shares with a group of people about a nation, regardless of one's legal citizenship status. In psychological terms, it is defined as an "an awareness of difference", a "feeling and recognition of 'we' and 'they'". National identity can incorporate the population, as well as
962:
has with this identification, such as a sense of belonging or emotional attachment toward one's country. The mere awareness of belonging to a specific group invokes positive emotions about the group and leads to a tendency to act on behalf of that group, even when the other group members are sometimes personally unknown.
1144:
National identity can be considered a collective product. Through socialization, a system of beliefs, values, assumptions, and expectations are transmitted to group members. The collective elements of national identity may include national symbols, traditions, and memories of national experiences and
1400:
National identity markers are those characteristics used to identify a person as possessing a particular national identity. These markers are not fixed but fluid, varying from culture to culture and also within a culture over time. Such markers may include common language or dialect, national dress,
1301:
has the highest permanent immigration rates in the world. The
Canadian government encourages immigrants to build a sense of belonging to Canada. It has fostered a more inclusive concept of national identity, which includes both people born in Canada and immigrants. Some countries are less inclusive.
981:
National identity, like other social identities, engenders emotions such as pride and love for one's nation and a feeling of obligation toward other citizens. The socialization of national identity, such as socializing national pride and a sense of the country's exceptionalism contributes to harmony
850:
by definition, is related to the
Constitutional name of the state used as a legal identification in international relations and an essential element of the state's international juridical personality. The sovereign identity of the nation also represents a common denominator for identification of the
1046:
Sociologist
Anthony Smith argues that national identity has the feature of continuity that can be transmitted and persisted through generations. By expressing the myths of having common descent and common destiny, people's sense of belonging to a nation is enhanced. However, national identities can
977:
and common destiny. At the same time they view people that identify with a different nation as out-groups. Social identity theory suggests a positive relationship between the identification of a nation and the derogation of other nations. People are involved in intergroup comparisons by identifying
1353:
Several researchers examined globalization and its impact on national identity. They found that as a country becomes more globalized, patriotism declines, which suggests that the increase in globalization is associated with less loyalty and less willingness to fight for one's own country. However,
961:
adopts this definition of national identity and suggests that the conceptualization of national identity includes both self-categorization and affect. Self-categorization refers to identifying with a nation and viewing oneself as a member of a nation. The affect part refers to the emotion a person
851:
national culture or cultural identity, and under
International Law, any external interference with the cultural identity or cultural beliefs and traditions appear to be inadmissible. Any deprivation or external modification of the cultural national identity violates basic collective human rights.
1716:
For example, UNESCO's
Declaration (1982) states in paragraph 46: "International cultural co-operation must be based on respect for cultural identity, recognition of the dignity and value of all cultures, national independence and sovereignty, and non-intervention." A similar provision related to
936:
Three main schools of defining national identity exist. Essentialists view national identity as fixed, based on ancestry, a common language history, ethnicity, and world views (Connor 1994; Huntington 1996). Constructivists believed in the importance of politics and the use of power by dominant
1059:
of Donald Trump. A study found that students would disengage, distance, avoid, assimilate, or challenge their identity or host culture in response to the interactions they faced. These preconceived ideas by the host culture, and even by
Americans, affect the ability of people from different
982:
among ethnic groups. For example, in the U.S., by integrating diverse ethnic groups in the overarching identity of being an
American, people are united by a shared emotion of national pride and the feeling of belonging to the U.S., and thus tend to mitigate ethnic conflicts.
978:
with one's nation and tend to derogate out-groups. However, several studies have investigated this relationship between national identity and derogating their countries and found that identifying with national identity does not necessarily result in out-group derogation.
1392:" to "Republic of Taiwan." Residents in Taiwan are issued national identification cards and passports under the country name "Republic of China", and a portion of them do not identify themselves with "Republic of China", but rather with "Republic of Taiwan".
937:
groups to gain and maintain privileged status in society (Brubaker, 2009; Spillman, 1997; Wagner-Pacifici & Schwartz, 1991). Finally, the civic identity school focuses on shared values about rights and state institutions' legitimacy to govern.
1296:
increases, many countries face the challenges of constructing national identity and accommodating immigrants. Some countries are more inclusive in terms of encouraging immigrants to develop a sense of belonging to their host country. For example,
1054:
found that
American students faced challenges in connecting with their host country during their study abroad experience because of stereotypes of American identity. A stereotype that affected their experience was related to politics during the
912:
National identity is not an inborn trait, it is essentially socially constructed. There is no agreed definition of what constitutes national identity. It can result from the presence of elements from the "common points" in people's daily lives:
1047:
disappear over time as more people live in foreign countries for a longer time, and can be challenged by supranational identities, which refers to identifying with a more inclusive, larger group that includes people from multiple nations.
1211:
In "The Philosophy of Nationalism", Paul Gilbert breaks down what he thinks a nation is, and his ideas contrast those of both Anderson and Gellner. In the book, Gilbert acknowledges that nations are many things. Gilbert says nations are:
1275:
In countries that have multiple ethnic groups, ethnic and national identity may be in conflict. These conflicts are usually referred to as ethnonational conflicts. One of the famous ethnonational conflicts is the struggle between the
1113:
is a shared sense of national identity and a shared understanding that a people group shares a common ethnic/linguistic/cultural background. Historically, a rise in national consciousness has been the first step toward creating a
1174:
Nations were sovereign because sovereignty symbolizes freedom from traditional religious practices. Sovereignty provides the organization needed for a nation while keeping it free of traditional religious pressures.
1043:. The identity of being an American is salient after the terrorist attacks and American national identity is evoked. Having a common threat or a common goal unites people in a nation and enhances national identity.
940:
A few scholars investigated how popular culture connects with the identity-building process. Some found that contemporary music genres can strengthen ethnic identity by increasing the feeling of ethnic pride.
1168:
Because of the mental boundaries or concepts, we set about others are by culture, ethnicity, etc. We do not imagine everyone in one society or under one nationalism, but we are mentally separate.
2772:
1338:
more frequently to seek cultural exchange, education, business, and different lifestyles. Globalization promotes common values and experiences and encourages identification with the
1133:
requires first a national consciousness, the awareness of the national communality of a group of people or nation. An awakening of national consciousness is frequently ascribed to
2047:
Reicher, Stephen; Spears, Russell; Haslam, S. Alexander (2010). "The Social-Identity Approach in Social Psychology". In Wetherell, Margaret; Mohanty, Chandra Talpade (eds.).
1187:
explained how he thought nations originated. In his eyes, nations are entirely modern constructs and products of nationalism. Gellner believed nations to be a result of the
2240:
4817:
673:
807:
National identity comprises both political and cultural elements. As a collective phenomenon, it can arise from the presence of "common points" in people's daily lives:
1310:
and were viewed as "unwelcome and abusive guests". Immigrants were considered outsiders and were excluded from sharing the national identity of belonging to Russia.
1197:
Two men were only of the same only if they were from the same culture. In this case, culture is "a system of ideas, signs, associations, and ways of communicating."
1707:
Under the Convention on the Cultural Policies adopted by UNESCO in 1982, even wrong beliefs (or wrongful national perceptions) must be respected by other nations.
1564:
2640:
2271:
3121:
Mansbach, Richard; Rhodes, Edward (31 May 2007). "The National State and Identity Politics: State Institutionalisation and "Markers" of National Identity".
2838:
953:
defined national identity as "a body of people who feel that they are a nation". This definition of national identity was endorsed by social psychologist,
2764:
3036:
1628:
Kelman, Herbert (1997). "Nationalism, Patriotism and National Identity: Social-Psychological Dimensions". In Bar-Tal, Daniel; Staub, Ervin (eds.).
1306:
has experienced two major waves of immigration influx, one in the 1990s, and the other one after 1998. Immigrants were perceived negatively by the
2678:
1388:
also face a conflict of national identity with civil identity as there have been movements advocating formal "Taiwan Independence" and renaming "
3013:
1121:
National identities in Europe and the Americas developed along with the idea of political sovereignty invested in the people of the state. In
768:
3086:
Kiely, Richard; Bechhofer, Frank; Stewart, Robert; McCrone, David (25 January 2017). "The Markers and Rules of Scottish National Identity".
2987:
1350:. This trend may threaten national identity because globalization undermines the importance of being a citizen of a particular country.
3735:
2932:
Acikdilli, Gaye; Ziemnowicz, Christopher; Bahhouth, Victor (2018). "Consumer Ethnocentrism in Turkey: Ours are Better than Theirs".
1549:
Tajfel, Henri; Turner, John C. (2004). "The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior". In Jost, John T.; Sidanius, Jim (eds.).
1056:
1004:
858:
characterized by national pride and the positive emotion of love for one's country. The extreme expression of national identity is
2102:
Turner, John C. (1999). "Social Identity Theory: Where Are We Now?". In Ellemers, Naomi; Spears, Russell; Doosje, Bertjan (eds.).
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2248:
1194:
Gellner thought that nations were contingencies and not universal necessities. He said that our idea of the nation was as such.
4259:
3209:
3051:
1866:
1829:
4195:
1203:
It was men's recognition of each other as people of the same kind that made them a nation and not their common attributes.
3672:
3259:
1685:
Modern Education, Textbooks, and the Image of the Nation: Politics and Modernization and Nationalism in Korean Education
3652:
3647:
3628:
3623:
3610:
3231:
2913:
2877:
Ariely, Gal (2012). "Globalisation and the decline of national identity? An exploration across sixty-three countries".
2861:
2798:
2747:
2319:
2188:
2111:
2086:
1769:
788:. It is the sense of "a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, and language".
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1922:
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A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law.
761:
517:
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backgrounds to understand and accept one another as individuals, rather than the stereotype of a cultural group.
4822:
1384:. At the same time, they are citizens of the state of Israel, which conflicts with the Palestinian nationality.
973:(other nations). People identify with a nation and form an in-group by recognizing commonalities such as having
678:
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58:
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are examples of the confluence of multiple ethnic and national identities within a single person or entity.
1416:
1303:
1298:
754:
1656:
Guibernau, Montserrat (2004). "Anthony D. Smith on Nations and National Identity: a critical assessment".
965:
National identity requires the process of self-categorization, and it involves both the identification of
4762:
3811:
3711:
3506:
3386:
2204:
West, Brad; Smith, Philip (1997). "Natural Disasters and National Identity: time, space, and mythology".
862:, which refers to the firm belief in the country's superiority and extreme loyalty toward one's country.
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543:
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1003:. Treaty of revision of the national identity could be subject to termination under Article 53 of the
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4650:
4636:
4609:
4541:
4417:
4252:
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2633:"Saluting the dot-spangled banner: Aboriginal culture, national identity and the Australian Republic"
1441:
1200:
Two men are of the same nation only if they recognize each other as being a part of the same nation.
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1847:"Samuel P. Huntington, the Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York 1996"
491:
1736:
1183:
Unlike Benedict Anderson, Gellner thought nations were not "imagined communities". In his book,
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3981:
3329:
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2164:
Differentiation between Social Groups: studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations
1466:
1370:
1281:
1265:
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aiming to create or change the national identity of the sovereign state appears to violate the
989:, sovereign national identity could not be subject to a treaty regulation or revision, and any
970:
966:
958:
812:
598:
588:
2342:"Stereotype Threat in U.S. Students Abroad: Negotiating American Identity in the Age of Trump"
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255:
206:
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Global Society and International Relations: Sociological Concepts and Political Perspectives
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2506:
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In some cases, national identity collides with a person's civil identity. For example, many
1011:"). Any deprivation or revision of the sovereign national identity appears to constitute an
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824:
573:
481:
442:
432:
396:
357:
307:
270:
228:
211:
184:
83:
33:
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Globalization and National Identity: Managing Ethnicity and Cultural Pluralism in Malaysia
1077:
8:
4802:
4585:
4573:
4511:
4358:
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3511:
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2533:
2507:
2383:
1915:
Nation and commemoration: creating national identities in the United States and Australia
695:
658:
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638:
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401:
322:
191:
1027:
National identity can be most noticeable when the nation confronts external or internal
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3103:
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Value Contrasts and Consensus in Present-Day Europe: Painting Europe's Moral Landscapes
2720:
2712:
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2014:
1967:
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1347:
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613:
486:
425:
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342:
327:
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275:
245:
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Historical Tales and National Identity: An introduction to narrative social psychology
1331:
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could not be subject to imposition, revision, or deprivation under any circumstances.
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2765:"National Identity through the Prism of Immigration: The Case Study of Modern Russia"
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2315:
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2018:
2006:
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1971:
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260:
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133:
108:
2695:
Doty, Roxanne (1996). "Immigration and National Identity: Constructing the Nation".
2002:
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2704:
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a system of ideas and signs and associations and ways of behaving and communicating
2353:
2287:
National Identity: Pragmatic Solutions for Democratic Governance in African Nations
2213:
2136:
1998:
1951:
1854:
1817:
1665:
1385:
1366:
1339:
922:
663:
563:
548:
538:
501:
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347:
73:
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is a person's identity or sense of belonging to one or more states or one or more
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4153:
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128:
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68:
63:
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4001:
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3344:
3339:
3334:
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1307:
1218:: Whatever a group of people who consider themselves a nation say a nation is.
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974:
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558:
280:
118:
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2708:
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4614:
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2127:
Hopkins, Nick (2001). "Commentary. National Identity: Pride and Prejudice?".
2010:
1963:
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1319:
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1036:
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901:
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113:
93:
88:
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2140:
1987:"Q-pop as a Phenomenon to Enhance New Nationalism in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan"
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3202:
Prespa Agreement and its Effects on Macedonian Right to National Identity
2791:
Globalization and Belonging: The Politics of Identity in a Changing World
2446:
Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
2312:
Advances in Psychological Science: social, personal, and cultural aspects
1731:
Imagined Communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism
1456:
1293:
1130:
628:
618:
457:
41:
24:
2977:"Social Psychological Studies of National Identity: A literature review"
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1481:
737:
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4108:
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1050:
Research on the study abroad experience that focused on the effects of
1032:
995:
874:
859:
855:
722:
690:
643:
302:
171:
161:
151:
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854:
The expression of one's national identity seen in a positive light is
4624:
4531:
4170:
4036:
3941:
3538:
3411:
3268:
1551:
Key readings in social psychology. Political psychology: Key readings
1134:
1126:
1012:
603:
1939:
1031:
and natural disasters. An example of this phenomenon is the rise in
4772:
4595:
3856:
3821:
1955:
1853:, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 183–186,
1476:
1269:
957:, who formulated social identity theory together with John Turner.
816:
717:
700:
633:
413:
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through different logics of nationalism. Examples range from the
1072:
are the basic concept for a national identity. But people can be
926:
452:
379:
3182:
Who are we? : the challenges to America's national identity
1248:
Group of people who have a common history and a common mission.
4578:
3361:
3226:
2413:
The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics
1940:"The Vietnam Veterans Memorial: Commemorating a Difficult Past"
1335:
1230:: Group of people located in the same proximity, or territory.
1115:
1069:
1000:
785:
685:
467:
462:
50:
20:
4237:
1509:
Ashmore, Richard D.; Jussim, Lee; Wilder, David, eds. (2001).
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3401:
1028:
930:
3237:
3085:
2740:
Social Psychology of Social Problems: The intergroup context
1762:
Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Introduction
1513:
Social Identity, Intergroup Conflict, and Conflict Reduction
3282:
2931:
969:(identifying with one's nation) and the differentiation of
1938:
Wagner-Pacifici, Robin; Schwartz, Barry (September 1991).
16:
Identity or sense of belonging to one state or one nation
2346:
Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad
2539:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp.
2513:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. pp.
1937:
1224:: "Group of people bound by a commonly willed nation."
2596:(2011). "Ethno-national conflict and its management".
2591:
1242:
Group of people who have the same distinctive values.
838:, concerning states, is interchangeable with the term
2310:
Adair, John; Belanger, David; Dion, Kenneth (1998).
803:, each holding a flag representative of their nation
2738:de Zavala, Agnieszka; Cichocka, Aleksandra (2012).
2046:
1508:
1985:Kakim, Danabayev; Jowon, Park (29 February 2020).
1728:
2737:
2309:
2264:"Patriotism vs. Nationalism in a Post 9/11 World"
1630:Patriotism in the life of individuals and nations
865:
4847:
3049:
1890:Citizenship and nationhood in France and Germany
3120:
1334:have increased. People around the world cross
4253:
3253:
2927:
2925:
2104:Social Identity: Context, Commitment, Content
2081:. University of Nevada Press. pp. 8–15.
823:that have a shared sense of common identity.
762:
2856:. Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies.
2335:
2333:
2331:
1565:"Definition of National Identity in English"
1548:
2934:Journal of International Consumer Marketing
4260:
4246:
3260:
3246:
3178:
2922:
2903:
2831:"What Does it Mean to be a Global Citizen"
2379:
2377:
1984:
1632:. Chicago: Nelson-Hall. pp. 171–173.
769:
755:
3050:McCrone, David; Bechhofer, Frank (2015).
2357:
2339:
2328:
2241:"Poll: U.S. Patriotism Continues to Soar"
2203:
1759:
1655:
1346:and view themselves as global beings, or
1090:
3003:
2788:
2742:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 102–104.
2462:"Imagined Communities and Nationalism".
2443:
2416:. Cornell University Press. p. 27.
2176:
2051:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
1912:
1887:
1726:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1361:
1260:
1094:
1057:2016 United States presidential election
1005:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
880:
869:
790:
2851:
2598:Commonwealth & Comparative Politics
2530:
2504:
2374:
2284:
2126:
2031:
1041:terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001
4848:
3039:from the original on 17 November 2015.
3029:"Taiwan's national identity in crisis"
2974:
2876:
2828:
2775:from the original on 17 November 2015.
2653:
2457:
2455:
2314:. Psychology Press. pp. 250–251.
2274:from the original on 17 November 2015.
2161:
2101:
2072:
2070:
2068:
1851:SchlĂĽsselwerke der Politikwissenschaft
1809:
1784:
1627:
1553:. Psychology Press. pp. 276–293).
1380:associate themselves with the Arab or
1236:: People who share the same language.
4241:
3241:
3199:
3159:
3004:Sullivan, Jonathan (18 August 2014).
2984:Sociology Youth and European Identity
2841:from the original on 9 December 2015.
2784:
2782:
2762:
2630:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2475:
2473:
2409:
2076:
1844:
1651:
1649:
1612:
1593:
1535:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1401:birthplace, family affiliation, etc.
3026:
2813:
2694:
2261:
2238:
2129:British Journal of Social Psychology
1517:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1153:
944:
925:, the nation's history, blood ties,
2564:
2452:
2065:
1682:
13:
2993:from the original on 4 March 2016.
2779:
2684:from the original on 5 March 2016.
2643:from the original on 4 March 2016.
2547:
2470:
2340:Goldstein, Susan B. (2017-11-16).
2183:. University of California Press.
2106:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 6–34.
1764:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 15.
1646:
1495:
1318:As the world becomes increasingly
1282:aboriginal population in Australia
1256:
811:, language, the nation's history,
14:
4877:
4687:List of nationalist organizations
3219:
3027:Seth, Sushil (15 November 2005).
2656:"Social Psychology of Identities"
1810:Connor, Walker (1 January 1994).
1178:
821:multi-ethnic states and societies
518:List of nationalist organizations
3225:
3016:from the original on 2015-11-17.
2904:Arts, Wil; Halman, Loek (2013).
2891:10.1111/j.1469-8129.2011.00532.x
2592:Woods, Eric; Schertzer, Robert;
2262:Lyon, Grant (8 September 2011).
1670:10.1111/j.1354-5078.2004.00159.x
1313:
736:
4267:
3114:
3079:
3056:Understanding National Identity
3043:
3020:
2997:
2968:
2897:
2870:
2845:
2822:
2807:
2756:
2731:
2697:Review of International Studies
2688:
2647:
2624:
2585:
2524:
2498:
2437:
2403:
2388:
2303:
2278:
2255:
2232:
2197:
2170:
2155:
2120:
2095:
2049:The sage handbook of identities
2040:
2025:
2003:10.24987/snuacar.2020.02.9.2.85
1978:
1931:
1906:
1881:
1838:
1803:
1778:
1753:
1720:
1598:. London: Penguin. p. 99.
1206:
1148:
4758:Historiography and nationalism
3179:Huntington, Samuel P. (2004).
3164:. University of Nevada Press.
3058:. Cambridge University Press.
1917:. Cambridge University Press.
1816:. Princeton University Press.
1710:
1701:
1676:
1587:
1557:
1287:
1125:, it was also often linked to
866:Formation of national identity
609:Historiography and nationalism
59:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
1:
4458:Palingenetic ultranationalism
3267:
2946:10.1080/08961530.2017.1361882
2464:Postcolonial Studies at Emory
2239:Ross, Michael (4 July 2005).
1944:American Journal of Sociology
1488:
1447:Indonesian National Awakening
1251:
1035:and national identity in the
842:or sovereign identity of the
795:A postcard from 1916 showing
701:Seasonal or cultural festival
2793:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2675:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.367
2637:Australian Humanities Review
2610:10.1080/14662043.2011.564469
2359:10.36366/frontiers.v29i2.395
1892:. Harvard University Press.
1859:10.1007/978-3-531-90400-9_50
1417:Culture of the United States
7:
2444:Anderson, Benedict (1983).
2285:Uko-Ima, Barrister (2014).
2036:. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
1727:Anderson, Benedict (1991).
1404:
1022:
544:Anti-globalization movement
10:
4882:
4818:Principle of nationalities
3629:Countries by ethnic groups
3624:Contemporary ethnic groups
3160:Smith, Anthony D. (1993).
3153:
3006:"Taiwan's Identity Crisis"
2818:. Cambridge: Polity Press.
2763:Liedy, Amy (7 July 2011).
2663:Annual Review of Sociology
2395:"National Consciousness".
2218:10.1177/144078339703300205
1789:. Routledge. p. 191.
1594:Smith, Anthony D. (1991).
1395:
1074:identified and constructed
674:Principle of nationalities
18:
4708:Anarchism and nationalism
4700:
4679:
4637:List of fascist movements
4418:Constitutional patriotism
4351:
4275:
4219:
4095:
3967:
3775:
3609:
3410:
3275:
3135:10.1080/14650040701305633
2789:Croucher, Sheila (2004).
2709:10.1017/s0260210500118534
2567:"The Nationalism Project"
2481:"The Nationalism Project"
2180:Ethnic Groups in Conflict
2177:Horowitz, Donald (1985).
1888:Brubaker, Rogers (1992).
1687:. Routledge. p. 29.
1442:Identity (social science)
1357:
1063:
797:national personifications
251:Constitutional patriotism
3185:. Simon & Schuster.
2975:Gibson, Stephen (2002).
2852:Ibrahim, Zawawi (2004).
2531:Gellner, Ernest (1983).
2505:Gellner, Ernest (1983).
2289:. Xlibris. p. 141.
2032:Emerson, Rupert (1960).
1760:Özkırımlı, Umut (2005).
877:celebrating national day
3741:Torres Strait Islanders
3586:Ethnopsychopharmacology
3330:In-group and out-groups
3100:10.1111/1467-954X.00243
3088:The Sociological Review
2879:Nations and Nationalism
2829:Israel, Ronald (2012).
2654:Howard, Judith (2000).
2535:Nations and Nationalism
2509:Nations and Nationalism
2141:10.1348/014466601164795
2077:Smith, Anthony (1991).
1658:Nations and Nationalism
1382:Palestinian nationality
1137:and is associated with
4753:Gender and nationalism
3982:Cultural appropriation
2631:Batty, Philip (1997).
2571:NationalismProject.org
2485:NationalismProject.org
2162:Tajfel, Henri (1978).
1913:Spillman, Lyn (1997).
1845:Kneip, Sascha (2007),
1785:László, János (2013).
1467:Social identity theory
1373:
1272:
1266:Aboriginal Australians
1111:national consciousness
1106:
1091:National consciousness
959:Social identity theory
909:
878:
825:Hyphenated ethnicities
813:national consciousness
804:
599:Gender and nationalism
4783:National indifference
4007:Ethnic interest group
3847:Ethnicity in censuses
3797:Cultural assimilation
3298:Ethnolinguistic group
3010:The National Interest
2814:Shaw, Martin (2000).
2034:From Empire to Nation
1822:10.1515/9780691186962
1365:
1324:international tourism
1264:
1189:Industrial Revolution
1098:
904:on 7 January 2004 in
884:
873:
801:Allies of World War I
794:
649:National indifference
4728:Cultural nationalism
4620:National syndicalist
4227:Minzu (anthropology)
4196:Separatist movements
4052:Ethnographic village
3882:Legendary progenitor
3517:Transidioethnography
3320:Hyphenated ethnicity
3315:Ethnographic realism
3308:Ethnoreligious group
3234:at Wikimedia Commons
3200:Janev, Igor (2021).
2251:on 17 November 2015.
2206:Journal of Sociology
1683:Lee, Yoonmi (2012).
1052:American stereotypes
991:international treaty
949:Political scientist
890:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
574:Cultural nationalism
443:National syndicalist
4803:Nationalism studies
4087:Multinational state
4082:Model minority myth
3969:Multiethnic society
3887:Linguistic homeland
3303:Ethnonational group
3052:"Markers and rules"
2410:Banac, Ivo (1988).
1575:on 17 November 2015
1569:Oxford Dictionaries
1342:. People may adapt
892:honors the flag of
743:Politics portal
696:Right-wing populism
654:Nationalism studies
4067:Middleman minority
4027:Ethnic pornography
4022:Ethnic nationalism
3927:Pantribal sodality
3872:Imagined community
3397:Symbolic ethnicity
3325:Indigenous peoples
3293:Ethnographic group
1472:Global citizenship
1374:
1273:
1107:
1085:people's republics
985:From the point of
910:
894:Cispadane Republic
887:President of Italy
879:
805:
614:Imagined community
448:National Bolshevik
167:Self-determination
4856:National identity
4843:
4842:
4788:National question
4748:Gastronationalism
4733:Diaspora politics
4723:Banal nationalism
4692:Nationalist Clubs
4235:
4234:
4149:Ethnic stereotype
4062:Indigenous rights
4047:Ethnographic film
4032:Ethnic theme park
3992:Dominant minority
3987:Diaspora politics
3977:Consociationalism
3912:National language
3802:Cultural identity
3792:Cross-race effect
3736:Aboriginal groups
3232:National identity
3230:Media related to
3211:978-620-4-71741-8
3162:National identity
2166:. Academic Press.
2079:National Identity
1868:978-3-531-14005-6
1831:978-0-691-18696-2
1735:. Verso. p.
1596:National Identity
1432:Gastronationalism
1390:Republic of China
1160:Benedict Anderson
1154:Benedict Anderson
1017:National identity
987:International Law
945:Conceptualization
836:national identity
832:international law
782:National identity
779:
778:
594:Gastronationalism
579:Diaspora politics
554:Banal nationalism
4873:
4826:
4813:Plurinationalism
4793:National revival
4763:Internationalism
4718:Anti-nationalism
4701:Related concepts
4262:
4255:
4248:
4239:
4238:
4119:Ethnic cleansing
4114:Ethnic bioweapon
3997:Ethnic democracy
3611:Groups by region
3561:Ethnomethodology
3544:Ethnomathematics
3534:Ethnolinguistics
3430:Ethnoarchaeology
3262:
3255:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3229:
3215:
3196:
3175:
3147:
3146:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2981:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2786:
2777:
2776:
2769:Kennan Institute
2760:
2754:
2753:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2660:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2573:. Westview Press
2562:
2545:
2544:
2538:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2512:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2448:. London: Verso.
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2386:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2337:
2326:
2325:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2247:. Archived from
2236:
2230:
2229:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2074:
2063:
2062:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2023:
2022:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1813:Ethnonationalism
1807:
1801:
1800:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1734:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1664:(1–2): 125–141.
1653:
1644:
1643:
1625:
1610:
1609:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1571:. Archived from
1561:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1533:
1532:
1516:
1506:
1340:global community
1336:national borders
1139:national symbols
1007:(which states: "
915:national symbols
848:State's identity
840:state's identity
809:national symbols
771:
764:
757:
741:
740:
682:
664:Plurinationalism
624:Internationalism
564:Communitarianism
549:Anti-imperialism
539:Anti-nationalism
528:Related concepts
29:
28:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4820:
4778:Nation-building
4696:
4675:
4347:
4271:
4266:
4236:
4231:
4215:
4154:Ethnic violence
4102:
4100:ethnic conflict
4098:
4091:
4072:Minority rights
4012:Ethnic majority
3963:
3947:Detribalization
3902:Nation-building
3842:Ethnic religion
3785:
3781:
3771:
3678:Central America
3605:
3576:Ethnophilosophy
3571:Ethnomusicology
3549:Ethnostatistics
3507:Person-centered
3477:Autoethnography
3406:
3271:
3266:
3222:
3212:
3193:
3172:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3119:
3115:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3048:
3044:
3025:
3021:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2902:
2898:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2850:
2846:
2827:
2823:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2787:
2780:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2736:
2732:
2693:
2689:
2681:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2629:
2625:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2565:Gilbert, Paul.
2563:
2548:
2529:
2525:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2461:
2460:
2453:
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2338:
2329:
2322:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2283:
2279:
2268:Huffington Post
2260:
2256:
2237:
2233:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2175:
2171:
2160:
2156:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2075:
2066:
2059:
2045:
2041:
2030:
2026:
1983:
1979:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1886:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1681:
1677:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1626:
1613:
1606:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1547:
1536:
1529:
1507:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1452:Identity crisis
1412:Cosmopolitanism
1407:
1398:
1369:protesting for
1360:
1344:cosmopolitanism
1330:, and business
1316:
1290:
1280:government and
1259:
1257:Ethnic identity
1254:
1209:
1181:
1156:
1151:
1135:national heroes
1104:national symbol
1093:
1066:
1025:
947:
868:
799:of some of the
775:
735:
728:
727:
676:
569:Cosmopolitanism
529:
521:
520:
515:
507:
506:
187:
177:
176:
147:
139:
138:
54:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4879:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4835:State-building
4832:
4827:
4815:
4810:
4808:Natural border
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4743:Exceptionalism
4740:
4738:Eliminationism
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4186:Indigenization
4183:
4178:
4176:Ethnosymbolism
4173:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4139:Ethnic penalty
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4077:Model minority
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4057:Ethnopluralism
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
4002:Ethnic enclave
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3752:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3717:Southeast Asia
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3640:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3596:Ethnosemiotics
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3566:Ethnomuseology
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3432:
3427:
3425:Ethnic studies
3422:
3416:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Supraethnicity
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3345:Minority group
3342:
3340:Metroethnicity
3337:
3335:Meta-ethnicity
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3221:
3220:External links
3218:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3197:
3191:
3176:
3170:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3129:(3): 426–458.
3113:
3078:
3064:
3042:
3019:
2996:
2967:
2921:
2915:978-9004261662
2914:
2896:
2885:(3): 461–482.
2869:
2863:978-0971941649
2862:
2844:
2835:Kosmos Journal
2821:
2806:
2800:978-0742516793
2799:
2778:
2755:
2749:978-1137272225
2748:
2730:
2703:(3): 235–255.
2687:
2646:
2623:
2604:(2): 153–161.
2594:Kaufmann, Eric
2584:
2546:
2523:
2497:
2469:
2451:
2436:
2422:
2402:
2387:
2373:
2327:
2321:978-0863774706
2320:
2302:
2295:
2277:
2254:
2231:
2212:(2): 205–215.
2196:
2190:978-0520053854
2189:
2169:
2154:
2135:(2): 183–186.
2119:
2113:978-0631206910
2112:
2094:
2088:978-0874172041
2087:
2064:
2057:
2039:
2024:
1977:
1956:10.1086/229783
1950:(2): 376–420.
1930:
1923:
1905:
1898:
1880:
1867:
1837:
1830:
1802:
1795:
1777:
1771:978-0333947739
1770:
1752:
1745:
1719:
1709:
1700:
1693:
1675:
1645:
1638:
1611:
1604:
1586:
1556:
1534:
1527:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1359:
1356:
1348:world citizens
1315:
1312:
1308:Russian people
1289:
1286:
1268:protesting in
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1208:
1205:
1185:Ernest Gellner
1180:
1179:Ernest Gellner
1177:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1123:Eastern Europe
1092:
1089:
1065:
1062:
1024:
1021:
999:rights of the
975:common descent
951:Rupert Emerson
946:
943:
867:
864:
777:
776:
774:
773:
766:
759:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:
730:
729:
726:
725:
720:
715:
714:
713:
711:in Catholicism
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
559:Civil religion
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
478:
477:
472:
471:
470:
465:
460:
450:
445:
435:
430:
429:
428:
423:
418:
417:
416:
406:
405:
404:
399:
384:
383:
382:
377:
372:
367:
366:
365:
355:
350:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
284:
283:
281:Ethnopluralism
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
242:
241:
236:
231:
221:
220:
219:
209:
204:
199:
194:
188:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
55:
49:
48:
45:
44:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4878:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:Organizations
4678:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4651:Technological
4649:
4647:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4615:Ethnocacerism
4613:
4612:
4611:
4610:Revolutionary
4608:
4606:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:Ethnocentrism
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Ethnic hatred
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:National myth
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3862:Folk religion
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:Ethnic origin
3835:
3833:
3832:Ethnic option
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Northern Asia
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3683:South America
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3668:United States
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3601:Ethnotaxonomy
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:Ethnomedicine
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Institutional
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:Ethnomycology
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:Polyethnicity
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3357:Monoethnicity
3355:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3192:9780684870533
3188:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3171:9780874172041
3167:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3067:
3065:9781316300824
3061:
3057:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2917:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2691:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2527:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2501:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2440:
2425:
2423:9780801494932
2419:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2391:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2352:(2): 94–108.
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2323:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2296:9781499047950
2292:
2288:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2058:9781412934114
2054:
2050:
2043:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1997:(2): 85–129.
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1924:9780521574044
1920:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1899:9780674028944
1895:
1891:
1884:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1796:9780415704700
1792:
1788:
1781:
1773:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1746:9780860915461
1742:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1713:
1704:
1696:
1694:9781136600791
1690:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1639:9780830414109
1635:
1631:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1605:9780140125658
1601:
1597:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1528:9780195137439
1524:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Globalization
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:Ethnocentrism
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:Israeli Arabs
1372:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:collaboration
1329:
1328:communication
1325:
1321:
1314:Globalization
1311:
1309:
1305:
1302:For example,
1300:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:and culture.
1128:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1101:
1100:American flag
1097:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:United States
1034:
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920:
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906:Reggio Emilia
903:
902:Tricolour Day
900:, during the
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584:Ethnocentrism
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560:
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547:
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514:Organizations
511:
510:
503:
500:
498:
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493:
490:
488:
487:Technological
485:
483:
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475:Ethnocacerism
473:
469:
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459:
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438:Revolutionary
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40:
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35:
31:
30:
26:
22:
4798:Nation state
4713:Anationalism
4453:Expansionist
4312:
4201:Xenocentrism
4159:Ethnic riots
4144:Ethnic slurs
4134:Ethnic party
4097:Ideology and
4017:Ethnic media
3959:White ethnic
3952:Neotribalism
3907:Nation state
3852:Ethnofiction
3783:ethnogenesis
3754:
3747:
3728:
3697:Central Asia
3689:
3642:
3635:
3618:
3591:Ethnoscience
3581:Ethnopoetics
3529:Ethnohistory
3467:Ethnogeology
3455:Ethnozoology
3445:Ethnoecology
3435:Ethnobiology
3420:Anthropology
3372:Panethnicity
3288:Ethnic group
3201:
3181:
3161:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3094:(1): 33–55.
3091:
3087:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3055:
3045:
3033:Taipei Times
3032:
3022:
3009:
2999:
2983:
2970:
2940:(1): 45–57.
2937:
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2847:
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2815:
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2700:
2696:
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2636:
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2601:
2597:
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2570:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2508:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2484:
2463:
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2439:
2427:. Retrieved
2412:
2405:
2397:Peace Review
2396:
2390:
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2345:
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2286:
2280:
2267:
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2249:the original
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2048:
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2033:
2027:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1914:
1908:
1889:
1883:
1872:, retrieved
1850:
1840:
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1684:
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1657:
1629:
1595:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:the original
1568:
1559:
1550:
1512:
1422:Ethnic group
1399:
1375:
1371:independence
1352:
1317:
1291:
1274:
1246:Destination:
1245:
1244:
1240:Axiological:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1207:Paul Gilbert
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1182:
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1158:Nations, to
1157:
1149:Perspectives
1143:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1078:
1067:
1049:
1045:
1026:
1016:
1008:
994:
984:
980:
964:
955:Henri Tajfel
948:
939:
935:
911:
898:Italian flag
853:
847:
839:
835:
829:
806:
781:
780:
706:Subsidiarity
534:Anationalism
293:Expansionist
157:Independence
103:
4861:Nationalism
4821: [
4768:Irredentism
4656:Territorial
4276:Development
4269:Nationalism
4129:Ethnic joke
3937:Tribal name
3922:Origin myth
3897:Mythomoteur
3827:Ethnic flag
3812:Development
3497:Netnography
3472:Ethnography
3462:Ethnocinema
3440:Ethnobotany
3367:Nationality
3204:. Lambert.
3123:Geopolitics
2669:: 367–393.
2577:29 November
2490:20 November
2429:9 September
1991:Asia Review
1579:14 November
1457:Nationalism
1294:immigration
1288:Immigration
1228:Territorial
1222:Voluntarist
1131:Nationalism
885:The former
834:, the term
677: [
629:Irredentism
619:Imperialism
492:Territorial
458:Legionarism
146:Core values
42:Nationalism
25:Nationalism
4850:Categories
4830:Revanchism
4487:Linguistic
4433:Ecological
4211:Xenophobia
4206:Xenophilia
4181:Indigenism
4109:Allophilia
4042:Ethnocracy
3932:Statistext
3867:Historical
3760:Indigenous
3712:South Asia
3648:Indigenous
3382:Population
1874:31 January
1489:References
1482:Volksgeist
1462:Patriotism
1320:globalized
1278:Australian
1252:Challenges
1234:Linguistic
1216:Nominalist
1172:Sovereign:
1039:after the
1033:patriotism
996:jus cogens
971:out-groups
875:Norwegians
860:chauvinism
856:patriotism
723:Xenophobia
691:Revanchism
644:Militarism
303:Indigenism
298:Homosexual
266:Ecological
172:Solidarity
162:Patriotism
152:Allegiance
19:See also:
4866:Ethnology
4661:Terrorism
4625:Falangism
4564:Christian
4559:Religious
4480:Communist
4475:Left-wing
4423:Corporate
4413:Communist
4374:Bourgeois
4364:Anarchist
4171:Ethnocide
4037:Ethnoburb
3942:Tribalism
3730:Australia
3722:West Asia
3702:East Asia
3673:Caribbean
3658:Greenland
3539:Ethnology
3412:Ethnology
3350:Influence
3269:Ethnicity
3143:145098544
3108:143521468
2962:168999049
2954:0896-1530
2908:. Brill.
2725:145766384
2618:154796642
2368:2380-8144
2226:144460325
2019:216248011
2011:2234-0386
1972:143960715
1964:0002-9602
1386:Taiwanese
1367:Taiwanese
1127:ethnicity
1013:ethnocide
919:languages
604:Globalism
589:Francoism
392:Christian
387:Religious
313:Left-wing
256:Corporate
246:Communist
207:Bourgeois
197:Anarchist
4773:Jingoism
4646:Romantic
4605:Resource
4596:Hindutva
4574:Clerico-
4569:Catholic
4512:Populist
4470:Integral
4448:European
4438:Economic
4396:American
4379:Business
4343:Treasure
4318:Language
4313:Identity
4191:Nativism
3857:Ethnonym
3822:Ethnarch
3778:Identity
3765:European
3643:Americas
3487:Critical
3482:Clinical
3276:Concepts
3037:Archived
3014:Archived
2988:Archived
2839:Archived
2773:Archived
2717:20097447
2679:Archived
2641:Archived
2272:Archived
2245:NBC News
2149:11446225
1477:Volkstum
1405:See also
1270:Brisbane
1166:Limited:
1081:movement
1079:Völkisch
1023:Salience
967:in-group
896:, first
817:diaspora
718:Trumpism
659:Nativism
639:Localism
634:Jingoism
482:Romantic
433:Resource
414:Hindutva
402:Clerical
397:Catholic
358:Japanese
317:populism
308:Integral
288:European
271:Economic
229:American
212:Business
134:Treasure
109:Language
104:Identity
34:a series
32:Part of
4632:Fascism
4586:Islamic
4552:Zionism
4384:Welfare
4359:African
4352:By type
4288:Colours
4220:Related
3877:Kinship
3817:Endonym
3807:Demonym
3755:Oceania
3512:Salvage
3154:Sources
3071:5 March
1396:Markers
1029:enemies
927:culture
786:nations
453:Fascism
380:Zionism
323:Musical
217:Welfare
192:African
74:Colours
53:forming
4671:Ultra-
4666:Trans-
4579:Mormon
4542:Korean
4532:Berber
4522:Racial
4492:Mystic
4443:Ethnic
4428:Cyber-
4401:French
4338:Symbol
4298:Flower
4283:Anthem
3749:Europe
3663:Mexico
3653:Canada
3637:Africa
3502:Online
3362:Nation
3208:
3189:
3168:
3141:
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2110:
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2055:
2017:
2009:
1970:
1962:
1921:
1896:
1865:
1828:
1793:
1768:
1743:
1691:
1636:
1602:
1525:
1358:Issues
1304:Russia
1299:Canada
1116:nation
1070:people
1064:People
1001:nation
923:colors
830:Under
686:Racism
502:Ultra-
497:Trans-
468:Rexism
463:Nazism
421:Muslim
370:Korean
343:Racial
328:Mystic
276:Ethnic
261:Cyber-
234:French
129:Symbol
84:Father
79:Emblem
69:Church
64:Anthem
51:Nation
21:Nation
4825:]
4591:Hindu
4547:White
4537:Black
4517:Queer
4465:Homo-
4406:Irish
4391:Civic
4369:Blind
4333:Sport
4323:Music
3892:Mores
3619:World
3522:Video
3402:Tribe
3139:S2CID
3104:S2CID
2991:(PDF)
2980:(PDF)
2958:S2CID
2721:S2CID
2713:JSTOR
2682:(PDF)
2659:(PDF)
2614:S2CID
2222:S2CID
2015:S2CID
1968:S2CID
1521:–75.
1102:as a
931:music
844:state
819:, of
681:]
669:Post-
409:Hindu
375:White
363:ShĹŤwa
353:Black
239:Irish
224:Civic
202:Blind
185:Types
124:State
119:Sport
4527:Arab
4507:Neo-
4502:Pan-
4328:Myth
4303:Epic
4293:Flag
3691:Asia
3387:Race
3283:Clan
3206:ISBN
3187:ISBN
3166:ISBN
3073:2018
3060:ISBN
2950:ISSN
2910:ISBN
2858:ISBN
2795:ISBN
2744:ISBN
2579:2016
2517:–7.
2492:2016
2431:2021
2418:ISBN
2364:ISSN
2316:ISBN
2291:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2145:PMID
2108:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2053:ISBN
2007:ISSN
1960:ISSN
1919:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1876:2021
1863:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1791:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1600:ISBN
1581:2019
1523:ISBN
1068:The
846:. A
426:Sikh
348:Arab
338:Pan-
333:Neo-
114:Myth
94:Epic
89:Flag
23:and
4497:New
4308:God
3780:and
3131:doi
3096:doi
2942:doi
2887:doi
2705:doi
2671:doi
2606:doi
2543:–7.
2384:PDF
2354:doi
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1999:doi
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