828:
816:
1079:
852:
840:
1175:
175:
966:
1122:
1026:
1054:
1100:
914:
1013:
872:
992:
1136:
1188:
668:
1086:
886:
940:
979:
1162:
1149:
1040:
900:
927:
953:
48:
1399:
which had the objective of ending the bombardment on residential areas in northern Kabul conducted by Hezb-i Wahdat. After the military operation had ended and successfully forced Wahdat forces from the area, Ittihad forces started to escalate the situation by turning against the civilian population.
1394:
and his
Ittihad-i Islami faction. Conflict between the two militias soon escalated into a full-scale war. Both Ittihad and Wahdat engaged in large-scale kidnapping campaigns against civilians and combatants of the "other side". The Islamic State and International Committee of the Red Cross regularly
1395:
tried to mediate between the two sides, but cease-fires commonly were broken in a matter of days. In early 1993, the Hezb-i Wahdat joined an alliance with
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar starting to shell northern Kabul. On February 11, 1993, Ittihad forces took part in the Islamic State's military
600:
1414:
In 2005, the
Ittihad organization was registered as a political party with the Ministry of Justice under its new name. Sayyaf and Ittihad are currently allied to the Karzai government. The party is strongest in the
451:
1636:
Gutman, Roy (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the
Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan, Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 1st ed., Washington DC.
1309:. However, the creation of the new umbrella organization effectively created a split and the organization became a political party of its own. The organization was part of the '
2027:
2022:
1711:
470:
1404:
kidnapped up dozens of people, some of whom were released after ransoms were paid to
Ittihad commanders, some escaped by counter-operations by Hizb-e-Wahdat.
1930:
2047:
498:
2032:
705:
649:
2037:
1345:
sources, the organization was able to attract a considerable military following. Arab volunteers fought in the militia forces of the organisation.
1450:
1774:
1704:
2017:
251:
1940:
1935:
1858:
1838:
1779:
1330:
465:
1481:
621:
617:
432:
215:
2052:
1697:
589:
1883:
1828:
1720:
1506:
569:
261:
145:
1904:
486:
1400:
During and after the operation 70 combatants and civilians were killed. After the operation
Ittihad troops under the command of
1818:
1419:
area and receives most of its support from
Pashtuns. Ideologically, the party follows and advocates an Orthodox form of Islam.
678:
1873:
698:
639:
1843:
307:
1899:
1646:
1408:
2057:
1239:
1078:
654:
609:
559:
554:
1853:
1813:
1600:
1431:
542:
537:
418:
398:
332:
225:
1833:
1233:
691:
582:
1559:"Press Backgrounder: Military Assistance to the Afghan Opposition (Human Rights Watch Backgrounder, October 2001)"
1878:
1868:
1863:
1746:
1326:
1971:
1728:
1220:
1214:
1153:
1090:
411:
1823:
269:
247:
1373:– supported Afghan militias hostile towards each other. According to Human Rights Watch, "Iran assisted the
1358:
844:
794:
768:
367:
362:
282:
94:
510:
210:
188:
1991:
1909:
644:
220:
1457:
240:
2042:
1387:, as Iran attempted to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence." Saudi Arabia supported the
1361:
which had been established by the peace and power-sharing agreement
Peshawar Accords. In addition,
523:
505:
493:
350:
150:
1496:"DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS"
1996:
1791:
1126:
1030:
165:
140:
1619:
629:
457:
444:
337:
1848:
1754:
1208:
738:
382:
257:
174:
61:
1796:
1558:
1058:
1530:
8:
1759:
1354:
424:
372:
312:
299:
130:
1495:
1623:
1401:
1391:
1286:
1044:
672:
438:
388:
357:
318:
287:
125:
1596:
1475:
1407:
In 2001, Ittihad's leader Abdul Rasul Sayyaf was suspected of being complicit in the
1338:
856:
820:
761:
754:
596:
1620:"Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity"
1925:
1689:
1396:
1384:
1266:
1225:
1654:
1986:
1808:
1278:
1258:
1017:
775:
634:
118:
68:
1310:
918:
913:
832:
803:
2011:
1966:
1954:
1764:
1677:
1380:
1377:
1318:
877:
293:
1786:
1769:
1362:
1342:
1334:
1192:
1104:
1099:
996:
991:
905:
274:
56:
47:
1588:
1306:
1282:
851:
839:
324:
1959:
200:
1388:
1314:
104:
1595:(1st ed.). London New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 352.
1370:
1322:
1302:
1166:
891:
799:
108:
100:
1647:"Afghanistan Online: Political parties and leaders in Afghanistan"
1948:
1736:
1416:
1140:
1135:
452:
Ministry for the
Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
195:
1678:
Afghanistan: Post-Taliban
Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
944:
939:
931:
926:
112:
1944:
1252:
1179:
983:
978:
970:
965:
957:
952:
1374:
1366:
1614:
1612:
1409:
assassination of anti-Taliban leader Ahmad Shah Massoud
1353:
After the ouster of the PDPA government in April 1992,
1301:), it was originally an attempt to bring unity amongst
1593:
Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival
2028:
Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan politicians
1683:(Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 79.
1609:
1931:
Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan
1719:
2009:
16:Primarily Pashtun political party in Afghanistan
1291:Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
721:Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
2023:Anti-Soviet factions in the Soviet–Afghan War
1705:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1357:initiated a bombardment campaign against the
1348:
1295:Ittehad-e Islami bara-ye Azadi-ye Afghanistan
699:
34:
28:
1936:National Revolutionary Party of Afghanistan
1859:Progressive Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1839:National Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan
1780:National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan
1775:People's Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan
1587:
2048:Political parties established in the 1980s
1712:
1698:
1669:
1576:
1341:. Through the financial aid received from
706:
692:
1804:Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan
1630:
24:Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan
2033:Islamic political parties in Afghanistan
1941:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1884:National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
1829:National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
2038:Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen
1905:Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
1675:
1275:Tanzim-e Da'wat-e Islami-ye Afghanistan
2010:
1819:National Congress Party of Afghanistan
1480:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1874:National Islamic Front of Afghanistan
1693:
1553:
1551:
1844:National United Party of Afghanistan
1676:Katzman, Kenneth (23 October 2013).
1289:. Founded in the early 1980s as the
1093:(1974–1992; 1996–2001; 2021–present)
2018:1980s establishments in Afghanistan
1900:Afghanistan Liberation Organization
1512:from the original on April 12, 2019
1298:
1270:
1262:
35:
29:
13:
1548:
1443:
655:Afghanistan and the United Nations
650:Recognition of the Islamic Emirate
14:
2069:
1854:Pashtoons Social Democratic Party
1814:National Coalition of Afghanistan
1432:List of Islamic political parties
1299:اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستان
728:اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستان
226:Treatment of women by the Taliban
2053:Political parties in Afghanistan
1834:National Movement of Afghanistan
1721:Political parties in Afghanistan
1186:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1134:
1120:
1098:
1084:
1077:
1052:
1038:
1024:
1011:
990:
977:
964:
951:
938:
925:
912:
898:
884:
870:
850:
838:
826:
814:
666:
173:
46:
1879:Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
1864:Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
1747:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
1327:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
1972:Progressive Youth Organization
1729:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1639:
1523:
1488:
1369:– as competitors for regional
1240:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1154:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
1:
1824:National Front of Afghanistan
1437:
1263:د اسلامي دعوت تنظيم افغانستان
30:د اسلامي دعوت تنظيم افغانستان
1359:Islamic State of Afghanistan
1234:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
845:Islamic State of Afghanistan
433:Ministry of Interior Affairs
7:
1425:
1271:تنظیم دعوت اسلامی افغانستان
1255:Organization of Afghanistan
590:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
89:2005 (as a political party)
36:تنظیم دعوت اسلامی افغانستان
10:
2074:
1992:Lists of political parties
1910:Watan Party of Afghanistan
1349:Afghan Civil War (1992–96)
1221:Afghan Civil War (1992–96)
1215:Afghan Civil War (1989–92)
2058:Islamic political parties
1982:
1918:
1892:
1745:
1727:
1202:
1066:
863:
833:Interim Afghan Government
809:
793:
785:
762:1st government as Interim
755:Part of Afghan Mujahideen
744:
734:
726:
725:
720:
136:
124:
93:
85:
77:
67:
55:
45:
21:
1317:forces supported by the
487:Administrative divisions
196:Taliban Islamic Movement
1997:Politics of Afghanistan
1792:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
1329:in the war against the
1127:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
1031:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
216:Human Rights Commission
166:Politics of Afghanistan
141:Politics of Afghanistan
126:Political position
673:Afghanistan portal
618:Diplomatic missions of
445:Afghan National Police
379:Deputy chief justices
1849:New Afghanistan Party
1305:opposition forces in
739:Abdulrab Rasul Sayyaf
383:Mohammad Qasim Rasikh
308:Deputy Prime Minister
258:Hibatullah Akhundzada
62:Abdulrab Rasul Sayyaf
1797:Hezb-i Islami Khalis
1313:', the coalition of
1113:Non-state Opponents:
1059:Hezb-e Islami Khalis
471:Shamsulldin Shariati
1760:Afghan Mellat Party
1657:on 12 February 2009
1355:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
425:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
419:Ministry of Justice
373:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
313:Abdul Ghani Baradar
300:Abdul Ghani Baradar
1651:www.afghan-web.com
1624:Human Rights Watch
1402:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1392:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1287:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1045:Maktab al-Khidamat
753:Early 1980s–1989 (
746:Dates of operation
439:Sirajuddin Haqqani
399:Capital punishment
389:Sheikh Abdul Malik
358:Law of Afghanistan
333:Leadership Council
319:Abdul Salam Hanafi
288:Sirajuddin Haqqani
205:("Grand assembly")
2005:
2004:
1869:Truth and Justice
1247:
1246:
1209:Soviet–Afghan War
1004:Non-state Allies:
857:Northern Alliance
821:Afghan Mujahideen
774:2001–present (as
716:
715:
640:Visa requirements
597:Amir Khan Muttaqi
595:Acting Minister:
583:Foreign relations
570:Political parties
530:Recent elections
159:
158:
146:Political parties
78:General Secretary
2065:
1926:Khuddamul Furqan
1755:Afghan Hezbollah
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1653:. Archived from
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1585:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1500:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1456:. Archived from
1455:
1447:
1397:Afshar operation
1385:Abdul Ali Mazari
1300:
1272:
1264:
1226:Afshar Operation
1203:Battles and wars
1191:
1190:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1139:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1103:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1071:State Opponents:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1016:
1015:
1014:
995:
994:
982:
981:
969:
968:
956:
955:
943:
942:
930:
929:
917:
916:
904:
902:
901:
890:
888:
887:
876:
874:
873:
855:
854:
843:
842:
831:
830:
829:
819:
818:
817:
747:
730:
729:
718:
717:
708:
701:
694:
671:
670:
669:
604:
466:Attorney General
321:(acting, second)
206:
177:
161:
160:
115:
50:
39:
38:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2043:Islamist groups
2008:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1987:Portal:Politics
1978:
1919:Defunct parties
1914:
1888:
1809:Jamiat-e Islami
1741:
1723:
1718:
1688:
1680:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1586:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1473:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1451:"Archived copy"
1449:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1428:
1422:
1351:
1279:political party
1236:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1196:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1097:
1094:
1085:
1083:
1076:
1073:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:Jamiat-e Islami
1012:
1010:
1005:
999:
989:
986:
976:
973:
963:
960:
950:
947:
937:
934:
924:
921:
911:
908:
899:
897:
894:
885:
883:
880:
871:
869:
849:
848:
837:
836:
827:
825:
824:
815:
813:
802:
781:
776:political party
745:
727:
712:
683:
679:Other countries
667:
665:
660:
659:
630:Nationality law
626:
614:
594:
585:
575:
574:
564:
553:Parliamentary:
547:
526:
516:
515:
489:
479:
478:
458:Mohammad Khalid
414:
412:Law enforcement
404:
403:
353:
343:
342:
327:(acting, third)
315:(acting, first)
243:
233:
232:
204:
191:
168:
155:
117:
107:
103:
99:
51:
41:
40:
33:
27:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2071:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1893:Banned parties
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1668:
1638:
1629:
1626:. 6 July 2005.
1608:
1601:
1575:
1547:
1522:
1487:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1350:
1347:
1339:Ba'athist Iraq
1311:Peshawar Seven
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1218:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1183:
1170:
1157:
1144:
1131:
1110:
1109:
1095:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1049:
1035:
1021:
1001:
1000:
987:
974:
961:
948:
935:
922:
919:United Kingdom
909:
895:
881:
865:
861:
860:
811:
807:
806:
804:Anti-communism
797:
791:
790:
787:
783:
782:
780:
779:
772:
769:2nd government
765:
758:
750:
748:
742:
741:
736:
732:
731:
723:
722:
714:
713:
711:
710:
703:
696:
688:
685:
684:
682:
681:
675:
662:
661:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
625:
624:
622:in Afghanistan
613:
612:
607:
606:
605:
586:
581:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
567:
566:
565:
563:
562:
557:
550:
548:
546:
545:
540:
536:Presidential:
533:
527:
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
513:
508:
503:
502:
501:
490:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
475:
474:
463:
462:
461:
449:
448:
447:
442:
430:
429:
428:
415:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
396:
395:
394:
393:
392:
386:
377:
376:
375:
360:
354:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
335:
330:
329:
328:
322:
316:
305:
304:
303:
297:
291:
280:
279:
278:
270:Prime Minister
267:
266:
265:
248:Supreme Leader
244:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
229:
228:
223:
218:
208:
198:
192:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
170:
169:
164:
157:
156:
154:
153:
148:
143:
137:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
97:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
59:
53:
52:
43:
42:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2070:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1967:Shola-e Javid
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:Sazman-i Nasr
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
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1787:Hezbi Islami
1770:Hezbe Wahdat
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1655:the original
1650:
1641:
1632:
1592:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1525:
1514:. Retrieved
1502:
1490:
1465:. Retrieved
1458:the original
1445:
1421:
1413:
1406:
1363:Saudi Arabia
1352:
1333:government,
1325:and various
1294:
1290:
1274:
1250:
1248:
1193:Hezbe Wahdat
1112:
1111:
1107:(until 1989)
1105:Soviet Union
1070:
1033:(1980s–1992)
1003:
1002:
997:Saudi Arabia
906:West Germany
511:Subdistricts
275:Hasan Akhund
211:Human rights
201:
189:Constitution
119:Anti-Shi'ism
81:Maiwand Safa
73:Maiwand Safa
1589:Amin Saikal
1563:www.hrw.org
1535:www.hrw.org
1337:forces and
1307:Afghanistan
1297:, Persian:
1283:Afghanistan
1195:(1992-1996)
1129:(From 1992)
1091:Afghanistan
1047:(1984–1988)
859:(1996–2001)
847:(1992–2001)
835:(1989–1992)
823:(1979–1989)
789:Afghanistan
767:1992–2001 (
760:1989–1992 (
645:Visa policy
610:Ambassadors
325:Abdul Kabir
221:LGBT rights
2012:Categories
1960:Nasr Party
1516:2018-12-18
1467:2013-03-26
1438:References
1383:forces of
456:Minister:
437:Minister:
423:Minister:
241:Government
202:Loya jirga
131:Right-wing
1951:factions)
1389:Wahhabite
1315:mujahedin
1067:Opponents
524:Elections
506:Districts
499:Governors
494:Provinces
351:Judiciary
151:Elections
116:interests
105:Wahhabism
69:Secretary
1661:1 August
1591:(2006).
1568:1 August
1540:1 August
1531:"AFGHAN"
1507:Archived
1476:cite web
1426:See also
1371:hegemony
1323:Pakistan
1303:Islamist
1251:Islamic
1167:Al-Qaeda
892:Pakistan
800:Islamism
795:Ideology
635:Passport
473:(acting)
460:(acting)
441:(acting)
427:(acting)
391:(second)
296:(second)
277:(acting)
101:Islamism
95:Ideology
1949:Parcham
1737:Taliban
1417:Paghman
1285:led by
1277:) is a
1267:Persian
1141:Taliban
810:Part of
786:Country
385:(first)
338:Cabinet
302:(third)
290:(first)
262:decrees
109:Pashtun
86:Founded
1599:
1378:Hazara
1335:Soviet
1259:Pashto
945:Turkey
932:France
903:
889:
875:
864:Allies
735:Leader
57:Leader
1945:Khalq
1681:(PDF)
1510:(PDF)
1499:(PDF)
1461:(PDF)
1454:(PDF)
1343:Saudi
1253:Dawah
1180:Khalq
984:Egypt
971:China
958:Japan
601:trips
113:Tajik
1947:and
1663:2017
1597:ISBN
1570:2017
1542:2017
1482:link
1375:Shia
1367:Iran
1365:and
1331:PDPA
1249:The
560:2018
555:2010
543:2019
538:2014
252:list
111:and
1281:in
2014::
1649:.
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