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in large-batch printing of bank notes that were difficult to counterfeit) from Asa
Spencer, and registered the patent, and then employed Asa Spencer. Perkins made several important innovations in printing technology, including new steel engraving plates. Using these plates he made the first known steel engraved USA books (The Running Hand, school books, 8 pages each). He then made notes for a Boston Bank, and later for the National Bank. In 1816 he set up a printing shop and bid on the printing of currency for the
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straight, square-section water-tubes across the firebox, joined by unheated pipes outside it. These tubes were arranged in three layers, with water pumped into the upper layer and steam extracted at the lower, giving that contra-flow arrangement. In 1927, Loftus P. Perkins, a descendant, lectured on
159:
Jacob went to school in
Newburyport until he was twelve and then was apprenticed to a goldsmith in Newburyport named Davis. Mr. Davis died three years later and the fifteen-year-old Jacob continued the business of making gold beads and added the manufacture of shoe buckles. When he was twenty-one he
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Perkins created some of the best steel plates (as noted from
English Engravers) for engraving, and started a printing business with engraver Gideon Fairman. They began with school books, and also made bank notes that were difficult to counterfeit. In 1809 he bought the stereotype technology (an aid
491:
GB 4400/1819. Machinery and implements applicable to ornamental turning and engraving, transferring engraved or other work from the surface of one to another piece of metal, and forming metallic dies and matrices; construction of plates and presses for printing bank-notes and other papers; making
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Jacob
Perkins and Charles Heath had many business successes, but also had financial difficulties, but usually not at the same time. The accounting records for their printing business shows the two borrowed from the business, and sold shares back and forth when necessary in any and all business
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Also concurrently, Jacob's brother ran the
American printing business, and they made money on important fire safety patents. Charles Heath and Jacob Perkins worked together and independently on some concurrent projects.
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working at pressures up to 2,000 psi (14 MPa). This was not practical for the manufacturing technology of the time, though his concepts were revived a century later. Perkins' boiler was the first example of a
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ventures, and kept detailed records. This professional relationship ended when Jacob's son-in-law, Joshua
Butters Bacon, bought out Charles Heath's share of their shared printing business, which then became
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383:, powered by steam rather than by gunpowder. Although not the first automatic firearm, it was the first to also have a high magazine capacity of more than a handful of rounds. It operated with
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who were busy addressing the problem of the widespread forging of
English notes. In 1819, with his printing business partner, Gideon Fairman, they employed Asa Spencer and went to England at
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562:(1799–1881), also born at Newburyport, went to England in 1827, and was in partnership with his father (later taking over the business on the latter's death). His grandson,
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566:(1834–1891), most of whose life was spent in England, experimented with the application to steam engines of steam at very high pressures, constructing in 1880 a yacht, the
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Perkins bought some technology, and patented it himself in multiple countries, and employed the true inventors (as was the case with Asa
Spencer and Oliver Evans).
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cycle, assigned on August 14, 1834 and titled, "Apparatus and means for producing ice, and in cooling fluids". The idea had come from another
American inventor,
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257:. They set up shop in England, and spent months on example banknotes, but unfortunately for them, Banks thought that the inventor should be English by birth.
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and the 2d blue postage stamps, which incorporated an anti-forgery measure in the form of a complicated background produced by means of the
887:"Specification of the Patent granted to Jacob Perkins for improvements in the Apparatus and Means for producing Ice and in cooling Fluids"
462:, who conceived of the idea in 1805 but never built a refrigerator. The same patent was granted in both Scotland and England separately.
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139:. He soon made himself known with a variety of useful mechanical inventions and eventually had twenty-one American and nineteen English
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The
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal: Exhibiting a View of the Progressive Discoveries and Improvements in the Sciences and the Arts
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Printing English notes ultimately proved a success and was carried out by Perkins in partnership with the English engraver-publisher
432:. This was devoted to showing modern inventions. A popular feature was his steam gun, which did not find favour with the military.
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Jacob Perkins has patents for Heating and Air Conditioning technology. In 1829–30, he went into partnership with his second son
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GB 6662/1835 Apparatus and means for producing ice and in cooling fluids. August 14, 1835 (steamindex incorrectly states 1834)
372: in (3.2 mm) copper pipe, apparently from a 40 bhp (30 kW) engine of a type that was in use up until 1918.
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was employed by the master of the Massachusetts mint to make a die for striking copper pennies bearing an eagle and an Indian.
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Jacob was married on November 11, 1790, to Hannah Greenleaf of Newbury and together they had nine children. His second son,
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was later renamed, when his son-in-law, Joshua Butters Bacon, bought out Charles Heath and the company was then known as
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GB 4792/1823. Heating, boiling, or evaporating by the steam of fluids, in pans, boilers, or other vessels. May 17, 1823
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GB 6154/1831 Generating steam;– applicable to evaporating and boiling fluids for certain purposes. August 27, 1831
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GB 7059/1836 Steam-engines; generating steam; evaporating and boiling fluids for certain purposes. April 12, 1836
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GB 7242/1836 Steam-engines, furnaces, and boilers ;- partly applicable to other purposes. December 3, 1836
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The Repertory of Patent Inventions and Other Discoveries and Improvements in Arts, Manufacture and Agriculture
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249:'s urging in an attempt to win the ÂŁ20,000 reward for "unforgable notes". Sample notes were shown to the
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GB 6336/1832 Preserving copper in certain cases from the oxydation caused by heat. November 20, 1832
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Frankenstein's Children: Electricity, Exhibition and Experiment in Early-Nineteenth-Century London
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at a cyclic firing rate of 1,000 rounds per minute. It is reported to have been rejected by the
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He retired in 1843 and died in London on July 30, 1849, at 83 years of age. He was buried in
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GB 4870/1823 Construction of the furnace of steam-boilers and other vessels. November 20, 1823
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dies and presses for coining money, stamping medals, and for other purposes. October 11, 1819
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was converted to the Uniflow system in 1849, although it is not known whose idea this was.
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GB 5237/1825 Construction of bedsteads, sofas, and other similar articles. August 11, 1825
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In 1832 Perkins established the National Gallery of Practical Science on Adelaide Street,
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The Repertory of patent inventions [formerly The Repertory of arts ... - Google Books
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GB 6275/1832 Blowing and exhausting air;– applicable to various purposes, June 9, 1832
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Heritage Group Website for The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers
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Stanley Gibbons Great Britain Specialised Stamp Catalogue, volume 1: Queen Victoria
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In 1790, at the age of 24, in Byfield, he created machines for cutting and heading
143:.Sometimes known as the father of the refrigerator. He was elected a Fellow of the
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Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: 1500–1830
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857:"List of Scottish Patents granted in Scotland from 18th March to 16th June 1836"
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Perkins' high-pressure steam technology was also used in another invention, the
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and a number of locomotives using this principle were made in 1836 for the
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His quality printing of American bank notes attracted the attention of the
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996:"The Perkins Family: A Short History about Four Generations of Engineers"
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639:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 173.
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machinery after discovering from his research in heating that liquefied
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and his associate Gideon Fairman. Together they formed the partnership
284:. Stamp production started for the British government in 1840 with the
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217:, which can be used to measure the depth of the sea by its pressure.
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pages 69–74 in Volume 2 of The Essex Antiquarian published May 1898.
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GB 4470/1820 Construction of fixed and portable pumps. June 3, 1820
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GB 5806/1829 Machinery for propelling steam-vessels. July 2, 1829
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Jacob Perkins, His Inventions, His Times & His Contemporaries
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1051:(vol.1 ed.). London: Thomas Telford Ltd. pp. 519–520.
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GB 4952/1824 Throwing shells and other projectiles. May 15, 1824
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Jacob Perkins: His Inventions, His Times and His Contemporaries
893:. New Series VII (January–June). London: J. S. Hodson: 13. 1837
867:(April–October). Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black: 188. 1836
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provided banknotes for many banks, and foreign countries with
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GB 5477/1827 Construction of steam-engines. March 22, 1827
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In 1827 he became the first person in England to use a
846:, The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1943, P. 149
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American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge
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In 1816, Jacob Perkins had worked on steam power with
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292:. Their stamps were the first known preglued stamps.
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
989:. Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
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543:GB 7114/1836 Apparatus for cooking. June 13, 1836
454:Perkins is credited with the first patent for the
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340:. In 1822 he made an experimental high pressure
513:GB 4998/1824 Propelling vessels. August 9, 1824
111:(July 9, 1766 – July 30, 1849) was an American
811:The British Steam Railway Locomotive 1825–1925
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209:He worked on water compression and invented a
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498:GB 4732/1822 Steam-engines. December 10, 1822
1095:Illustrated account of the Perkins steam gun
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405:Perkins applied his Hermetic tube system to
1093:Mr Perkins' Extraordinary Steam Gun of 1824
525:GB 6128/1831 Generating steam. July 2, 1831
16:American inventor and physicist (1766–1849)
504:GB 4800/1823 Steam-engines. June 5, 1823 .
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975:The Manufacture of Nails in Essex County
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102:Inventor, mechanical engineer, physicist
1020:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
667:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
662:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter P"
1147:People from Newburyport, Massachusetts
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1045:Woolrich, A. P. "Perkins, Jacob", in
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781:Benson, J. H.; Rayman, A. A. (2000) .
721:""Perkins D cylinder Printing Press",
596:Timeline of low-temperature technology
416:. This was a very early example of a
197:he worked on machinery for boring out
1099:National Gallery of Practical Science
479:and had to close his engine factory.
475:. At one point he became involved in
424:National Gallery of Practical Science
229:The Perkins D Cylinder Printing Press
145:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1101:- also known as The Adelaide Gallery
727:. Victorianweb.org. January 15, 2006
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813:. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan.
785:. TEE Publishing. p. 1,6,8.
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1152:Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
487:Jacob Perkins has many patents:
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414:London and South Western Railway
316:principle. He also investigated
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1047:Skempton, A. W. (ed.) (2002).
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913:"Jacob and Loftus Perkins"
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351:contra-flow heat exchanger
270:Perkins, Fairman and Heath
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129:Newburyport, Massachusetts
65:Newburyport, Massachusetts
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749:(3rd ed.). London:
650:History of refrigeration
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636:Encyclopædia Britannica
183:Amesbury, Massachusetts
43:Pendleton's Lithography
37:Portrait of Perkins by
1110:July 11, 2011, at the
1013:McConnell, A. (2004) "
994:Ferris, F. J. (2002).
833:Morus (1998) pp. 75–83
807:Ahrons, Ernest Leopold
630:"Perkins, Jacob"
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398:. A locomotive on the
391:as 'too destructive'.
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1105:Uniflow Steam Engines
1027:Morus, I. R. (1998).
580:Kensal Green Cemetery
444:Portrait of Perkins,
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400:South Eastern Railway
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691:search.amphilsoc.org
687:"APS Member History"
560:Angier March Perkins
396:uniflow steam engine
306:Angier March Perkins
236:Second National Bank
969:, September 8, 1849
966:Scientific American
430:West Strand, London
357:consisted of heavy
117:mechanical engineer
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61:July 9, 1766
41:(printed by
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1137:1849 deaths
1132:1766 births
943:January 10,
919:January 10,
897:January 23,
871:January 23,
731:January 10,
381:machine gun
328:Steam power
290:rose engine
195:War of 1812
193:During the
164:Innovations
133:apprenticed
127:. Born in
91:Nationality
1126:Categories
1117:Heat Pipes
1005:August 14,
961:Obituary:
602:References
568:Anthracite
215:piezometer
211:bathometer
155:Early life
57:1766-07-09
1067:cite book
809:(1969) .
671:August 7,
377:steam gun
359:cast iron
221:Engraving
151:in 1819.
137:goldsmith
121:physicist
85:, England
1108:Archived
696:April 5,
590:See also
477:lawsuits
286:1d black
113:inventor
94:American
483:Patents
410:boilers
367:⁄
322:ammonia
199:cannons
141:patents
45:), 1826
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584:London
554:Family
353:. The
83:London
665:(PDF)
574:Death
175:nails
135:to a
1079:help
1053:ISBN
1033:ISBN
1007:2007
945:2013
921:2013
899:2011
873:2011
815:ISBN
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755:ISBN
733:2013
698:2021
673:2014
450:1835
119:and
72:Died
51:Born
1017:",
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