230:. Fearing Bulgarian retribution and lack of Hungarian support should Béla IV come out victorious, in 1265 Jacob Svetoslav changed allegiance to Bulgaria and acknowledged the authority of Constantine Tih. The two crossed the Danube in 1265 and raided the Hungarian fortresses north of the river. By the spring of 1266, however, Stephen V had established himself as the sole ruler of Hungary, and on 23 June 1266, conquered Vidin back from Jacob after a brief siege. Two waves of Hungarian raids proceeded to devastate the Vidin province and enter the possessions of Constantine. In spite of Bulgarian resistance, the Hungarians subjugated a number of cities including
188:
20:
278:. This adoption solidified Jacob's ties to the court and meant that he could safely retain his autonomous domain as a Bulgarian vassal. He also harboured hopes to ascend to the throne by ousting Michael when Constantine died. Suspicious of these disloyal intentions of Jacob's, Constantine's consort Maria is thought to have poisoned him, and he died in 1275 or 1276/1777, shortly before the
130:. Jacob Svetoslav was close to the Bulgarian court and pledged loyalty to Constantine. Thus, the tsar made him the ruler of a domain usually considered to have been south of the Vidin region in the west of the Bulgarian Empire. Byzantine sources indicate his possessions lay "near
211:. The Hungarians drove the Byzantines out of Jacob's domain and themselves invaded Byzantine-controlled territories. Rescued from the Byzantine threat, Jacob Svetoslav submitted to Hungarian suzerainty. Stephen V placed him as the ruler of the Vidin province on the
165:. It was supplemented by a letter from Jacob in which the noble calls the metropolitan "the bishop of the entire Russ land... of my ancestors". The copy finishes with a passage in which Jacob is called a "Bulgarian despot". He also minted his
234:. Jacob Svetoslav's previous defection to Bulgarian suzerainty notwithstanding, the Hungarians restored him as the puppet ruler of the Vidin region. In 1266, he was even referred to as "Tsar of the Bulgarians" (
92:
Jacob
Svetoslav's exact origin is not clear, though he is known to have been a distant descendant of an East Slavic noble. Historian Plamen Pavlov theorizes that Jacob Svetoslav was a descendant of the princes
207:'s ambitions for the throne and a large-scale Byzantine invasion. Because Constantine was unable to assist Jacob against the advancing Byzantines, Jacob sought aid from his northern neighbour, Hungarian king
219:, and allowed him to retain his lands to the south. Had it not been for the appointment of Jacob Svetoslav as a Hungarian vassal at Vidin, Bulgaria would have re-established control over the city in 1263.
285:
While the fate of the city of Vidin itself is unclear, at least part of Jacob's possessions were certainly restored to direct
Bulgarian rule in the wake of his death. One such territory was the
262:. Cut off from his Hungarian suzerains and facing the menace of a Bulgarian attack from the east, Jacob Svetoslav once again submitted to Bulgarian rule. He arrived in the capital
238:) in Hungarian sources, possibly to encourage a rivalry between Constantine and Jacob Svetoslav for the Bulgarian throne or simply to satisfy Jacob's ambitions.
103:, and estimates his birth date as being in the 1210s or 1220s. In the late 1250s, Jacob Svetoslav was already an influential noble. He married a daughter of
1022:
122:, a high-ranking noble in the Bulgarian hierarchy. The title was awarded to him probably by his own suzerain, the ruler of Bulgaria, rather than a
1052:
1032:
157:, as a Byzantine army invaded his lands in the following year during an anti-Bulgarian campaign. Jacob requested the making of a copy of the
1027:
544:
1012:
1017:
449:
430:
1007:
254:, as his regent. At the time, Jacob Svetoslav still held Vidin as a Hungarian vassal. Possibly in 1273, Hungarian rule in
223:
1047:
511:
203:
In 1263, the situation in
Bulgaria was far from stable, as Constantine was facing both the threat of his predecessor
537:
710:
267:
170:
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1042:
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182:
127:
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481:(1970). "Отношенията къмъ Маджарско и Византия при царь Константинъ Асѣня". In Петър Хр. Петров (ed.).
274:. There, Jacob was formally adopted by the much younger Maria as her second son, after the infant heir
897:
832:
724:
115:
981:
952:
887:
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166:
111:
65:
23:
A coin minted by Jacob
Svetoslav as an autonomous ruler, bearing his own image in military clothing
442:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
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region lying southwest of Vidin, which in 1278 was documented as belonging to
Bulgaria.
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31:
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773:
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123:
42:) (ca. 1210s/1220s–1275 or 1276/1277) was a prominent 13th-century Bulgarian noble (
934:
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605:
154:
131:
788:
478:
72:
and vice versa, and the
Hungarians recognized his Bulgarian royal rank as their
918:
810:
263:
100:
49:
996:
490:
459:Бакалов, Георги; Милен Куманов (2003). "Яков Светослав (неизв.–около 1276)".
246:
The death of
Stephen V in 1272 meant that he was succeeded by his infant son
173:
or Jacob himself, dressed as a warrior wearing a helmet and holding a sword.
778:
717:
270:, who was the dominant figure in the empire at the time due to the Tsar's
822:
145:
In 1261, he commanded the
Bulgarian forces in a war against Hungary near
187:
421:
Engel, Pál; Andrew Ayton; Tamás Pálosfalvi (2005). Andrew Ayton (ed.).
500:"Руски "бродници", политически бегълци и военачалници през XII-XIV в."
585:
522:
271:
258:, west of Jacob's domain, was put to an end by two Bulgarian nobles,
192:
158:
150:
56:, Jacob Svetoslav was the ruler of a widely autonomous domain of the
19:
927:
620:
423:
The realm of St. Stephen: a history of medieval
Hungary, 895–1526
420:
286:
231:
212:
73:
196:
135:
95:
77:
61:
44:
630:
108:
241:
199:
is widely regarded to have been Jacob Svetoslav's capital
176:
64:. Seeking further independence and claiming the title of
222:
In 1264, however, Hungary was precipitated into another
266:
to negotiate his submission with Constantine's consort
215:, previously governed for Hungary by the then-deceased
138:, between the Hungarian possessions to the north and
458:
483:История на българската държава през средните векове
68:, he twice changed allegiance from Bulgaria to the
444:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 175–184.
250:, with the widowed consort and mother of the boy,
994:
504:Бунтари и авантюристи в средновековна България
538:
545:
531:
384:
375:
357:
153:), and in 1262 he possibly fought against
485:(in Bulgarian). София: Наука и изкуство.
477:
463:(CD) (in Bulgarian). София: Труд, Сирма.
323:
321:
311:
309:
307:
305:
303:
301:
461:Електронно издание "История на България"
186:
18:
402:
1053:Despots of the Second Bulgarian Empire
995:
552:
497:
318:
298:
242:Final submission to Bulgaria and death
177:Hungarian and Bulgarian ruler of Vidin
161:which was then sent to Cyril III, the
1033:Medieval Bulgarian military personnel
1023:13th-century princes from Kievan Rus'
526:
439:
1028:Bulgarian people of Russian descent
87:
13:
14:
1064:
506:(in Bulgarian). Варна: LiterNet.
226:between Stephen V and his father
169:bearing the imperfect images of
1013:13th-century Hungarian nobility
440:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994).
393:
268:Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene
171:Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki
366:
348:
339:
330:
52:origin. Bestowed the title of
1:
1018:13th-century Bulgarian people
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7:
1008:Medieval Bulgarian nobility
118:. By 1261, he had become a
60:most likely located around
10:
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180:
16:Emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria
1048:Eastern Orthodox monarchs
951:
916:
748:
699:
560:
35:
183:Bulgarian–Hungarian Wars
498:Павлов, Пламен (2005).
345:Златарски, pp. 501–502.
107:from his marriage with
58:Second Bulgarian Empire
217:Rostislav Mikhailovich
200:
24:
955:(1878–1908) and
190:
22:
236:imperator Bulgarorum
163:Metropolitan of Kiev
105:Theodore II Laskaris
1043:13th-century births
917:Rebels against the
700:Rebels against the
66:Emperor of Bulgaria
858:Theodore Svetoslav
554:Bulgarian monarchs
390:Fine, pp. 181–183.
381:Fine, pp. 178–179.
372:Златарски, p. 508.
363:Fine, pp. 176–177.
336:Златарски, p. 499.
280:Uprising of Ivaylo
260:Darman and Kudelin
201:
70:Kingdom of Hungary
25:
1003:People from Vidin
990:
989:
960:(1908–1946)
811:Constantine I Tih
752:(1185–1422)
739:Constantine Bodin
451:978-0-472-08260-5
432:978-1-85043-977-6
134:", thus close to
124:Byzantine emperor
1060:
935:Ivan Shishman II
868:Michael Asen III
863:George Terter II
564:(680–1018)
547:
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479:Златарски, Васил
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88:Bulgarian despot
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40:Yakov Svetoslav
28:Jacob Svetoslav
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12:
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893:Ivan Sratsimir
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789:Michael Asen I
786:
784:Kaliman Asen I
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746:
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743:
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728:
721:
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706:
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425:. I.B.Tauris.
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356:
354:Engel, p. 175.
347:
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243:
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178:
175:
142:to the south.
89:
86:
36:Яков Светослав
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1054:
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898:Ivan Shishman
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861:
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833:Ivan Asen III
831:
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750:Second Empire
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513:954-304-152-0
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408:Fine, p. 183.
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327:Fine, p. 175.
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76:and ruler of
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71:
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63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:
41:
33:
29:
21:
1038:1270s deaths
953:Principality
942:Rostislav II
940:
933:
926:
888:Ivan Asen IV
873:Ivan Stephen
816:
815:
803:
779:Ivan Asen II
737:
730:
723:
718:Petar Delyan
716:
709:
562:First Empire
520:
503:
482:
460:
441:
422:
404:
395:
386:
377:
368:
359:
350:
341:
332:
284:
248:Ladislaus IV
245:
235:
221:
213:Danube River
202:
144:
114:'s daughter
112:Ivan Asen II
94:
91:
81:
43:
39:
27:
26:
972:Ferdinand I
967:Alexander I
903:Ivan Asen V
805:Rostislav I
764:Ivan Asen I
126:, possibly
101:Kievan Rus'
997:Categories
799:Mitso Asen
711:Presian II
702:Byzantines
470:954528613X
293:References
205:Mitso Asen
195:castle in
181:See also:
80:(medieval
982:Simeon II
977:Boris III
646:Presian I
586:Kormisosh
491:405296440
272:paralysis
256:Braničevo
252:Elizabeth
224:civil war
209:Stephen V
193:Baba Vida
167:own coins
159:Nomocanon
155:Byzantium
151:Wallachia
149:(western
140:Macedonia
32:Bulgarian
919:Ottomans
759:Peter II
671:Boris II
661:Simeon I
656:Vladimir
399:Бакалов.
45:bolyarin
958:Kingdom
928:Fruzhin
848:Ivan II
843:Smilets
769:Kaloyan
732:Alusian
725:Tihomir
666:Peter I
651:Boris I
641:Malamir
636:Omurtag
621:Telerig
571:Asparuh
415:Sources
315:Павлов.
287:Svrljig
264:Tarnovo
228:Béla IV
147:Severin
828:Ivaylo
681:Samuel
626:Kardam
596:Telets
576:Tervel
510:
489:
467:
448:
429:
232:Pleven
132:Haemus
120:despot
96:knyaze
74:vassal
54:despot
853:Chaka
774:Boril
676:Roman
616:Pagan
611:Toktu
601:Sabin
591:Vineh
581:Sevar
197:Vidin
136:Sofia
116:Elena
99:) of
78:Vidin
62:Sofia
48:) of
631:Krum
606:Umor
508:ISBN
487:OCLC
465:ISBN
446:ISBN
427:ISBN
191:The
109:Tsar
82:Bdin
50:Rus'
84:).
999::
502:.
320:^
300:^
282:.
38:,
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516:.
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454:.
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93:(
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