353:. Phallometric testing has been shown, however, to be one of the most accurate, if not the single most accurate, methods of identifying the sexual offenders that are most likely to commit new sexual offenses against children. On the other hand, another study concluded that "although the validity of the technique for research and clinical assessment is now established, justification for the routine use of the technique must await a proper standardization of the technique and the publication of reliable norms."
325:. In 1977, he apologized for his attempt to change sexual orientation, writing that if his experiment "has 'helped' at all, has helped clients to enter into marriages that later became unbearable or almost unbearable" and expressing doubt that homosexuality should be considered an illness because of the chance that "reasonable social changes may virtually abolish all specific distress of homosexual persons". Freund advised his patients to make peace with their sexual orientation.
346:(lie detector). During one experiment, he found that 17% of heterosexuals or homosexuals were able to pretend to be the other sexual orientation during the test. Although he recognized its limitations, Freund continued to advocate for the use of the device to measure male sexual arousal, not only sexual orientation but also pedophilia. During the 1960s, he published several papers informing other researchers to recreate and use the device.
33:
309:. Patients were given nausea-inducing drugs while exposed to images of other men, then given testosterone injections and exposed to photographs of naked women. Freund followed up with his patients in 1956 and 1958, concluding that the experiment was not a success. His empirical data showed some of the first evidence that sexual orientation
341:
by falsely claiming to be homosexual. Over his career, he refined the penile plethysmograph as part of a broad program of research on male sexual interest. Sex offenders could sometimes suppress arousal through concentration or surreptitiously causing themselves pain, similar to methods for producing
313:
was generally futile. He demonstrated that even homosexually oriented men who appeared to have given up sexual relations with other men and established heterosexual marriages were still aroused by images of men rather than women. Freund also challenged contemporary psychoanalytic theories of male
296:
Between 1950 and 1953, Freund treated 67 men for homosexual tendencies. Some of his patients voluntarily sought to change their sexual orientation, while others received remission of prosecution or legal penalties so that they could undergo the experiment. Taking a
232:. He married Anna Hlounová, a non-Jewish Czech pianist and music teacher, on 13 January 1942. In 1943, they divorced in order to protect Anna and their newborn daughter Helen from anti-Jewish and anti-miscegenation legislation implemented by the
481:
Freund, K. 1974. "Male homosexuality: an analysis of the pattern." in
Understanding Homosexuality: Its biological and psychological bases, edited by J. A. Lorraine. Lancaster, England: Medical and Technical Publishing Company,
500:
Freund, K. and R. Blanchard. 1983. "Is the distant relationship of fathers and homosexual sons related to the sons' erotic preference for male partners, or to the sons' atypical gender identity, or to both?" J Homosex
598:
Freund, K., & Blanchard, R. (1983.) Is the distant relationship of fathers and homosexual sons related to the sons' erotic preference for male partners, or to the sons' atypical gender identity, or to both?
321:, which happened in Czechoslovakia in 1961 following an official recommendation signed by Freund and other psychiatrists. Like other researchers at the time, however, he continued to see homosexuality as a
531:
Freund, K. & Wilson, R. (1991). Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of a phallometric test: An update of "Phallometric diagnosis of pedophilia". Psychological
Assessment, 3, 254–260.
784:
Brzek A, Hubalek S. Homosexuals in
Eastern Europe: Mental Health and Psychotherapy Issues. in Psychopathology and Psychotherapy in Homosexuality, Ed. Michael W. Ross, p. 160.
137:
264:
degree there in 1962. He carried out post-doctoral research and later both research and clinical work at
Charles University's Sexological Institute. Freund fled to
528:
Freund, K., Wilson, R. & Dickey, R. (1990). Does sexual abuse in childhood causes pedophilia? An exploratory study. Archives of Sexual
Behavior, 19, 557–568.
337:
to measure blood flow to the penis, building off of earlier attempts to create such a device. He was initially commissioned to detect recruits attempting to evade
285:
513:
Freund, K., Wilson, R. & Rienzo, D. (1987). A comparison of sex offenders against male and female minors. Journal of Sex & Marital
Therapy, 13, 260–264.
851:
557:
Freund, K. and M. Kuban. 1993. "Toward a testable developmental model of pedophilia: the development of erotic age preference." Child Abuse Negl 17:315-24.
519:
Freund, K., Wilson, R. & Rienzo, D. (1988). The value of self-reports in the study of voyeurism and exhibitionism. Annals of Sex
Research, 1, 243–262.
397:(a preference for rape) as disorders of the normal courtship process. He focused on detection and diagnosis of sex offenders, particularly preference
522:
Freund, K., Wilson, R. & Rienzo, D. (1989). Heterosexuality, homosexuality, and erotic age preference. The
Journal of Sex Research, 26, 107–117.
534:
Freund, K., Wilson, R., Dickey, R., & Rienzo, D. (1991). Erotic gender differentiation in pedophilia. Archives of Sexual
Behavior, 20, 555–566.
409:
Freund was diagnosed with cancer in 1994 and was a member of Dying with
Dignity. When his health deteriorated in 1996, he took a lethal cocktail of
993:
478:
Freund, K. 1967. "Diagnosing homo- or heterosexuality and erotic age-preference by means of a psychophysiological test." Behav Res Ther 5:209-28.
425:, and his ashes were scattered on the lawn across from his office at the Clarke Institute in Toronto and on the grounds of Psychiatric Hospital
516:
Freund, K., Wilson, R. & Rienzo, D. (1988). Signs of feigning in the phallometric test. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 26, 105–112.
446:. 1958. "On the validity and reliability of the phalloplethysmographic (Php) diagnosis of some sexual deviations." Rev Czech Med 4:145-51.
544:
Freund, K., Wilson, R., & Dickey, R. (1991). The types of heterosexual gender identity disorder. Annals of Sex Research, 4, 93–105.
449:
Freund, K. 1963. "A Laboratory Method For Diagnosing Predominance of Homo- Or Hetero-Erotic Interest in Male." Behav Res Ther 21:85-93.
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Freund, K., H. Scher, I. G. Racansky, K. Campbell, and G. Heasman. 1986. "Males disposed to commit rape." Arch Sex Behav 15:23-35.
236:. They remarried after the war in 1945, and Anna gave birth to a son, Peter, in 1948. Many of Freund's relatives were murdered in
829:
554:
Freund, K. & Wilson, R.J. (1993). Gender identity disorder and courtship disorder. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 22, 13–21.
537:
Freund, K., Wilson, R. & Dickey, R. (1991). Sex offenses against female children perpetrated by men who are not pedophiles.
475:
Freund, K. 1965. "A simple device for measuring volume changes of the male genital organ." Československá psychiatrie 61:164-6.
349:
There was controversy regarding potential abuses of devices to measure sexual interests, following fears that it might lead to
273:
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Freund, K. 1977. "Psychophysiological assessment of change in erotic preferences." Behavioral Research and Therapy 15:297-301.
988:
963:
233:
717:
Hanson, R. K., & Bussière, M. T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies.
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Freund, K. & Wilson, R. (1990). Mapping the boundaries of courtship disorder. Journal of Sex Research, 27, 589–606.
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Freund, K., S. Chan, and R. Coulthard. 1979. "Phallometric diagnosis with 'nonadmitters'." Behav Res Ther 17:451-7.
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Freund, K. 1978. "A conceptual framework for the study of anomalous erotic preferences." J Sex Marital Ther 4:3-10.
456:(Homosexuality in man), Praha: Státnà zdravotnické nakladatelstvà (State Medical Publisher), 274 pp., 3000 copies.
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Freund, K., B. W. Steiner, and S. Chan. 1982. "Two types of cross-gender identity." Arch Sex Behav 11:49-63.
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Freund, K., Langevin, R., Cibiri, S., & Zajac, Y. (1973). Heterosexual aversion in homosexual males.
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Freund, K. and R. Blanchard. 1986. "The concept of courtship disorder." J Sex Marital Ther 12:79-92.
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Ha, Nathan (2015). "Detecting and Teaching Desire: Phallometry, Freund, and Behaviorist Sexology".
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Sex, Psychiatry and the Cold War: A Transnational History of Homosexual Aversion Therapy, 1948-1981
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Freund, K., H. Scher, and S. Hucker. 1983. "The courtship disorders." Arch Sex Behav 12:369-79.
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200:"). After unsuccessful attempts to change men's sexual orientation, he advocated against
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among sex offenders against children. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 18, 34–43.
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Freund, K. 1977. "Should homosexuality arouse therapeutic concern?" J Homosex 2:235-40.
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Seto, M. C. (2001). The value of phallometry in the assessment of male sex offenders.
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Wilson, R. J., & Mathon, H. F. (2006, fall). Remembering Kurt Freund (1914-1996).
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Launay, G. (1999) "The phallometric assessment of sex offenders: an update,"
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Freund, K. & Wilson, R.J. (1992). The proportions of heterosexual and
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Quinsey, V. L., Harris, G. T., Rice, M. E., & Cormier, C. A. (1998).
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homosexuality that suggested it was due to a fear or aversion to women.
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401:, with a view to more appropriate treatment guidelines.
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Freund was born into a German-speaking Jewish family in
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In 1948, Freund joined the Department of Psychiatry at
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252:in Prague. Freund received his
1039:Drug-related suicides in Canada
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373:. He developed the theory of
357:Paraphilias and sex offenders
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601:Journal of Homosexuality, 9,
468:Die Homosexualität beim Mann
461:Die Homosexualität beim Mann
442:Freund, K., J. Diamant, and
268:in 1968, in the wake of the
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132:Department of Psychiatry at
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335:penile plethysmography
329:Penile plethysmography
286:Kurt Freund Laboratory
196:, and what he called "
83:Czechoslovakia, Canada
928:Kurt Freund biography
815:registration required
549:homosexual pedophiles
437:Selected publications
234:German Nazi Occupiers
162:penile plethysmograph
102:Penile plethysmograph
984:Canadian sexologists
640:, pp. 209, 211.
454:Homosexualita u muĹľe
387:telephone scatologia
204:and in favor of the
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979:Czech psychiatrists
959:People from Chrudim
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342:false results on a
375:courtship disorder
311:conversion therapy
250:Charles University
202:conversion therapy
174:courtship disorder
164:(a measurement of
106:courtship disorder
466:Freund, K. 1965.
459:Freund, K. 1963.
452:Freund, K. 1962.
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178:paraphilias
150:Kurt Freund
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1044:Czech Jews
943:Categories
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562:References
444:V. Pinkava
399:pedophiles
371:paraphilia
363:pedophilia
212:Early life
190:toucherism
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158:sexologist
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800:Archived
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616:163-169.
423:cremated
365:, rape,
244:Research
224:, later
74:, Canada
773:Ha 2015
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694:Ha 2015
662:Ha 2015
650:Ha 2015
638:Ha 2015
626:Ha 2015
587:Ha 2015
575:Ha 2015
501:9:7-25.
427:Bohnice
282:Toronto
218:Chrudim
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806:7 July
747:65-75.
431:Prague
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852:link
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