28:
375:
Universal
Pictures for licensing Lugosi's name and image on merchandise reprising Lugosi's title role in the 1930 film, "Dracula." The California Supreme Court faced the question whether Béla Lugosi's film contracts with Universal included a grant of merchandising rights in his portrayal of Count Dracula, and the descendibility of any such rights. Adopting the opinion of Justice Roth for the Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, the court held that the right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised, if at all, by him during his lifetime. Lugosi, 603 P.2d at 431.
240:, his son, filed a complaint against Universal on February 3, 1966, alleging that they were the heirs of Béla Lugosi and that Universal had, commencing in 1960, appropriated and continued to appropriate property which they had inherited from Lugosi and which was not part of the agreement with Universal. The Lugosis asserted that from 1960 until the present time, Universal entered into many licensing agreements which authorized the licensees to use the Count Dracula character.
2858:
419:
Universal's lawyer, Robert Wilson, Lugosi "attained fame and fortune because the company made and distributed the movies he starred in." After eleven years of wrangling, a trial judge decided in favor of the
Lugosis, giving them $ 70,000 and barring Universal from merchandising Lugosi's likeness. ... In December the California Supreme Court reversed the Lugosi decision.
213:
in 1966 for using his personality rights without the heirs' permission on toys, posters, model kits and the like. The trial court initially ruled in favor of the Lugosi heirs, but
Universal Studios won the case in an appeal. The court determined that a dead person had no right to their likeness, and
418:
from merchandising 70 Dracula products, ranging from jigsaw puzzles to belt buckles, and sought compensation based on the profits. Citing the First
Amendment, Universal replied that the design of merchandise is a form of free speech that should not be restrained by anyone's heirs. Besides, said
374:
In this decision preceding (and precipitating) the
Legislature's enactment of Section 990, the California Supreme Court held that rights of publicity were not descendible in California. Béla Lugosi's heirs, Hope Linninger Lugosi and Bela George Lugosi, sued to enjoin and recover profits from
244:
seek to recover the profits made by in its licensing of the use of the Count
Dracula character to commercial firms and to enjoin from making any additional grants, without consent .... The action, therefore, raises the question of whether Béla Lugosi had granted to in his contracts with
414:, star of the Dracula films, tried to take this doctrine a step further. They argued that this right was essentially property and therefore should pass on to heirs. In a California suit, they asked the courts to stop
282:
of 1986 created an inheritable right to a person's name or likeness for 70 years after death. Legislation passed in 2007 extended that right retroactively to all persons who have died since
January 1, 1938.
433:
262:
ruled that "the right to exploit one's name and likeness is personal to the artist and must be exercised, if at all, by him during his lifetime." The result was a loss for the concept of inheriting
245:
merchandising rights in his movie portrayal of Count
Dracula, the nature of such rights, and whether any such rights, if retained by Béla Lugosi, descended to the ....
293:
2921:
2916:
1873:
1459:
2371:
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2936:
387:
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596:
205:
of celebrities, particularly addressing whether these rights descended to the celebrities' heirs. The suit was brought by the heirs of
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are personal to the holder and must be exercised within the holder's lifetime; they do not descend to the holder's heirs.
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After eleven years of litigation, the trial judge ruled in favor of the Lugosi heirs, awarded them $ 70,000, and barred
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817:
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33:
2140:
2010:
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1072:
833:
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51:
Bela George Lugosi, et al., Plaintiffs and
Appellants v. Universal Pictures, Defendants and Appellants.
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1371:
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in which Lugosi played the title role under a signed contract. Hope
Linninger Lugosi, his widow, and
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345:
Arthur Lennig, The Immortal Count, University Press of Kentucky, 2003 ISBN 978-0-8131-2273-1.
121:
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1978:
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8:
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1064:
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509:
129:
103:
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263:
227:
210:
202:
87:
434:
California Civil Code - Section 3344 - 3344.1 (Astaire Celebrity Image Protection Act)
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2018:
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1307:
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1971:
1888:
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886:
608:
125:
117:
2690:
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678:
534:
519:
469:
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from merchandising Lugosi's likeness. The decision was appealed and the
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1587:
267:
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2280:
1709:
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209:, his son Bela Jr. and his fifth wife Hope Lugosi, who jointly sued
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27:
230:
had entered into an agreement for the production of the film
194:
359:"Lugosi v. Universal Pictures, 603 P.2d 425 (Cal. 1979)"
214:
any rights that existed did not pass to their heirs.
468:
2893:
320:"Lugosi v. Universal Pictures (1979) 25 C3d 813"
1460:Bara no Konrei ~Mayonaka ni Kawashita Yakusoku~
454:
2922:United States intellectual property case law
607:
296:Family Archives Ltd. v. CMG Worldwide, Inc.
146:
461:
447:
410:Ten years later, the son and the widow of
2917:December 1979 events in the United States
1556:The Librarian: Curse of the Judas Chalice
353:
351:
2462:The Incredible Adventures of Van Helsing
2807:Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories
2643:
2217:Mrs. Deadpool and the Howling Commandos
2210:Captain Britain and MI13: Vampire State
2165:Dracula – L'amour plus fort que la mort
597:Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories
197:425 (Cal. 1979), was a decision of the
2894:
1452:Dark Prince: The True Story of Dracula
1145:Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf
348:
2787:
2642:
1934:
1666:
998:Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation
781:Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein
709:
486:
442:
2937:Supreme Court of California case law
1468:Dracula: Pages from a Virgin's Diary
2446:Dracula 4: The Shadow of the Dragon
866:The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires
380:
13:
2157:Dracula – Entre l'amour et la mort
1492:Van Helsing: The London Assignment
1396:Nocturna: Granddaughter of Dracula
312:
14:
2953:
2571:Perfect Selection: Dracula Battle
2422:Dracula 3: The Path of the Dragon
1006:Hotel Transylvania: Transformania
427:
280:California Celebrities Rights Act
181:California Celebrities Rights Act
2857:
2856:
2840:Bibliography of works on Dracula
2818:Transylvanian Society of Dracula
2813:Count Dracula in popular culture
2043:Young Dracula and Young Monsters
1404:Dracula: Sovereign of the Damned
1113:The Halloween That Almost Wasn't
826:Dracula Has Risen from the Grave
302:'s posthumous personality rights
168:Bird, joined by Manuel, Tobriner
26:
1935:
1428:Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat
298:(2007), a court case involving
2902:1979 in United States case law
2470:Renfield: Bring Your Own Blood
2438:Vampire Season Monster Defense
1875:Hotel Transylvania: The Series
1805:Hotel Transylvania: The Series
1667:
1636:The Last Voyage of the Demeter
396:. July 7, 1980. Archived from
339:
1:
2932:Universal Pictures litigation
2398:Dracula 2: The Last Sanctuary
2203:X-Men: Apocalypse vs. Dracula
1548:Bram Stoker's Dracula's Guest
1532:Bram Stoker's Dracula's Curse
1268:Santo en el tesoro de Drácula
306:
2800:Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
1252:Billy the Kid Versus Dracula
858:The Satanic Rites of Dracula
487:
273:
190:Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
21:Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
7:
2788:
2564:Iubilaeum Anno Dracula 2001
2454:Dracula 5: The Blood Legacy
1153:Dracula: Dead and Loving It
818:Dracula: Prince of Darkness
286:
199:Supreme Court of California
34:Supreme Court of California
10:
2958:
2141:Dracula: A Chamber Musical
1348:Count Dracula's Great Love
834:Taste the Blood of Dracula
217:
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2783:
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2541:
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2290:
2175:
2123:
2088:
2069:
1945:
1941:
1930:
1831:
1677:
1673:
1662:
1260:Blood of Dracula's Castle
1212:The Return of the Vampire
1195:
1016:
967:
913:
876:
791:
720:
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705:
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558:
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109:
99:
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86:
81:
73:
68:
56:
46:
41:
25:
20:
1612:Dracula: The Dark Prince
1316:Dracula vs. Frankenstein
1284:Los Monstruos del Terror
1081:Dracula in the Provinces
260:California Supreme Court
42:Decided December 3, 1979
2912:1979 in American cinema
2686:Dracula (Marvel Comics)
2603:Love Song for a Vampire
2190:Dracula (Marvel Comics)
1909:Treehouse of Horror XXI
1841:Mystery and Imagination
1121:Fracchia contro Dracula
744:(1931 Spanish-language)
736:(1931 English-language)
388:"Who Can Inherit Fame?"
2406:Dracula: Crazy Vampire
1995:The Revenge of Dracula
1902:Treehouse of Horror IV
1524:The Batman vs. Dracula
247:
147:
2505:Bram Stoker's Dracula
2390:Dracula: Resurrection
2373:Bram Stoker's Dracula
2365:Bram Stoker's Dracula
2225:Dracula (Dell Comics)
1564:House of the Wolf Man
1436:Bram Stoker's Dracula
1340:Bram Stoker's Dracula
1332:Scream Blacula Scream
1236:The Return of Dracula
1041:Batman Fights Dracula
949:Shadow of the Vampire
933:Nosferatu the Vampyre
895:Dracula II: Ascension
810:The Brides of Dracula
765:House of Frankenstein
641:Possible inspirations
400:on September 30, 2007
242:
122:William P. Clark, Jr.
2705:Relatives of Dracula
2654:Alternative versions
2259:Batman & Dracula
2149:Dracula, the Musical
2027:The Book of Renfield
1979:The Bloody Red Baron
1644:Dracula: A Love Tale
1049:Mad Mad Mad Monsters
990:Hotel Transylvania 2
2644:Original characters
2532:The Fury of Dracula
2196:The Tomb of Dracula
1986:Dracula Cha Cha Cha
1893:Treehouse of Horror
1726:Dracula: The Series
1220:Drakula İstanbul'da
1129:Transylvania 6-5000
1025:Transylvania 6-5000
941:Nosferatu in Venice
903:Dracula III: Legacy
618:Dracula the Un-dead
510:Abraham Van Helsing
222:In September 1930,
201:with regard to the
130:Frank K. Richardson
104:Rose Elizabeth Bird
2927:Personality rights
2907:1979 in California
2349:Dracula the Undead
2274:Wolves at the Gate
2011:Dracula the Undead
1105:Love at First Bite
1033:Mad Monster Party?
982:Hotel Transylvania
749:Dracula's Daughter
575:Powers of Darkness
416:Universal Pictures
264:personality rights
238:Bela George Lugosi
228:Universal Pictures
211:Universal Pictures
203:personality rights
110:Associate Justices
88:Personality rights
74:Subsequent history
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2888:
2848:
2847:
2779:
2778:
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2621:Son of the Dragon
2382:Dracula Unleashed
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1850:Buffy vs. Dracula
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1500:The Vulture's Eye
1137:The Monster Squad
1057:Blood for Dracula
850:Dracula A.D. 1972
701:
700:
697:
696:
636:
635:
550:Brides of Dracula
256:Universal Studios
186:
185:
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2860:
2859:
2785:
2784:
2721:Vampire Hunter D
2651:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2357:Drac's Night Out
2267:Victorian Undead
2252:Sword of Dracula
1954:The Dracula Tape
1943:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1884:
1883:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1663:
1596:Saint Dracula 3D
1292:Cuadecuc, vampir
1228:Blood of Dracula
1177:Zora the Vampire
842:Scars of Dracula
773:House of Dracula
718:
717:
707:
706:
658:Vlad the Impaler
605:
604:
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371:
369:
355:
346:
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337:
336:
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316:
150:
114:Matthew Tobriner
95:Court membership
64:
30:
29:
18:
17:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2844:
2835:Dracula tourism
2830:Dracula Society
2790:
2771:
2762:Count von Count
2745:
2741:Shiklah Dracula
2700:
2655:
2645:
2626:
2608:
2590:
2537:
2519:
2476:
2430:Dracula: Origin
2286:
2171:
2134:(Czech musical)
2119:
2084:
2065:
2059:Out of the Dark
1967:(1992–present)
1937:
1914:
1882:
1827:
1669:
1650:
1412:Dracula's Widow
1300:Vampyros Lesbos
1191:
1089:Dracula and Son
1012:
971:
963:
909:
872:
787:
723:
712:
693:
662:
632:
603:
590:Dracula's Guest
554:
535:Dr. John Seward
530:Arthur Holmwood
515:Jonathan Harker
489:
478:
467:
430:
425:
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134:Frank C. Newman
60:
37:
12:
11:
5:
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2736:Lilith Dracula
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2524:Tabletop games
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2238:Dracula Lives!
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2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
2003:Little Dracula
1999:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1959:
1949:
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1939:
1938:
1928:
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1916:
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1905:
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1871:
1866:Penny Dreadful
1862:
1853:
1846:
1835:
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1829:
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1817:
1809:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1781:Penny Dreadful
1777:
1769:
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1767:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1734:Little Dracula
1730:
1722:
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1670:
1660:
1659:
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1651:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1620:Dracula Untold
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1580:Dracula Reborn
1576:
1568:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1516:Blade: Trinity
1512:
1504:
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1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1380:Doctor Dracula
1376:
1368:
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1344:
1336:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1272:
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1256:
1248:
1244:Batman Dracula
1240:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1208:
1204:Drakula halála
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1185:Monster Family
1181:
1173:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1073:Son of Dracula
1069:
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822:
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806:
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795:
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788:
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769:
761:
757:Son of Dracula
753:
745:
737:
728:
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714:
713:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
692:
691:
686:
684:Poenari Castle
681:
676:
674:Castle Dracula
670:
668:
664:
663:
661:
660:
655:
653:Vlad Călugărul
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559:Publications
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402:. Retrieved
398:the original
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368:February 14,
366:. Retrieved
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331:February 12,
329:. Retrieved
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187:
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126:Wiley Manuel
118:Stanley Mosk
69:Case history
62:603 P.2d 425
50:
32:
15:
2942:Bela Lugosi
2879:derivatives
2714:Castlevania
2691:Count Orlok
2679:Castlevania
2585:Van Helsing
2414:Van Helsing
2323:Castlevania
2315:Ghost Manor
2291:Video games
2231:Don Dracula
1958:(1975–2002)
1956:and sequels
1936:Other media
1879:(2017–2020)
1870:(2014–2016)
1861:(2006–2014)
1839:"Dracula" (
1813:Castlevania
1808:(2017–2020)
1797:Van Helsing
1792:(2014–2017)
1784:(2014–2016)
1776:(2013–2014)
1753:(2011–2012)
1737:(1991–1999)
1729:(1990–1991)
1721:(1988–1993)
1484:Van Helsing
679:Bran Castle
520:Mina Harker
470:Bram Stoker
412:Béla Lugosi
224:Béla Lugosi
207:Béla Lugosi
157:Concurrence
57:Citation(s)
2896:Categories
2656:of Dracula
2375:(handheld)
1765:characters
1750:Ace Kilroy
1668:Television
1588:Dracula 3D
1420:To Die For
498:Characters
307:References
268:California
148:Per curiam
2712:Alucard (
2696:Soma Cruz
2677:Dracula (
2663:Alucard (
2299:The Count
2281:Purgatori
2184:Crossover
2035:Bloodline
1816:(2017–21)
1800:(2016–21)
1710:Drak Pack
957:Nosferatu
925:Nosferatu
915:Nosferatu
722:Universal
582:Icelandic
274:Aftermath
2875:Category
2863:Category
2665:Hellsing
2245:Hellsing
2124:Musicals
2051:Fangland
1911:" (2010)
1904:" (1993)
1877:episodes
1868:episodes
1859:episodes
1852:" (2000)
1832:Episodes
1628:Renfield
1017:Parodies
592:" (1914)
545:Renfield
488:Universe
404:July 21,
287:See also
2867:Dracula
2789:Related
2550:Dracula
2489:Dracula
2481:Pinball
2341:Dracula
2333:Dracula
2307:Dracula
2261:trilogy
2132:Dracula
2113:Dracula
2105:Dracula
2097:Dracula
2078:Dracula
1821:Dracula
1773:Dracula
1540:Dracula
1476:Dracula
1388:Dracula
1356:Deafula
1324:Blacula
1065:Vampira
802:Dracula
741:Dracula
733:Dracula
667:Castles
578:(1899)
567:Dracula
475:Dracula
363:FindLaw
233:Dracula
218:History
165:Dissent
82:Holding
2542:Albums
2516:(1998)
2508:(1993)
2500:(1988)
2492:(1979)
2473:(2023)
2465:(2013)
2457:(2013)
2449:(2013)
2441:(2012)
2433:(2008)
2425:(2008)
2417:(2004)
2409:(2001)
2401:(2000)
2393:(2000)
2385:(1993)
2377:(1993)
2368:(1993)
2352:(1991)
2344:(1986)
2325:series
2318:(1983)
2310:(1983)
2302:(1979)
2176:Comics
2168:(2011)
2160:(2006)
2152:(2004)
2144:(1997)
2136:(1995)
2116:(1996)
2108:(1995)
2100:(1924)
2081:(1938)
2062:(2010)
2054:(2007)
2046:(2006)
2038:(2005)
2030:(2005)
2022:(2005)
2014:(1997)
2006:(1986)
1998:(1978)
1965:series
1946:Novels
1845:(1968)
1824:(2020)
1789:Decker
1745:(1994)
1713:(1980)
1705:(1979)
1697:(1978)
1689:(1976)
1678:Series
1639:(2023)
1631:(2023)
1623:(2014)
1615:(2013)
1607:(2013)
1599:(2012)
1591:(2012)
1583:(2012)
1575:(2011)
1567:(2009)
1559:(2008)
1551:(2008)
1543:(2006)
1535:(2006)
1527:(2005)
1519:(2004)
1511:(2004)
1503:(2004)
1495:(2004)
1487:(2004)
1479:(2002)
1471:(2002)
1463:(2001)
1455:(2000)
1447:(1994)
1439:(1992)
1431:(1989)
1423:(1989)
1415:(1988)
1407:(1980)
1399:(1979)
1391:(1979)
1383:(1978)
1375:(1977)
1367:(1977)
1359:(1975)
1351:(1974)
1343:(1974)
1335:(1973)
1327:(1972)
1319:(1971)
1311:(1971)
1303:(1971)
1295:(1971)
1287:(1970)
1279:(1970)
1271:(1969)
1263:(1969)
1255:(1966)
1247:(1964)
1239:(1958)
1231:(1957)
1223:(1953)
1215:(1943)
1207:(1923)
1188:(2017)
1180:(2000)
1172:(2000)
1164:(1995)
1156:(1995)
1148:(1988)
1140:(1987)
1132:(1985)
1124:(1985)
1116:(1979)
1108:(1979)
1100:(1979)
1092:(1976)
1084:(1975)
1076:(1974)
1068:(1974)
1060:(1974)
1052:(1972)
1044:(1967)
1036:(1967)
1028:(1963)
1009:(2022)
1001:(2018)
993:(2015)
985:(2012)
970:Hotel
960:(2024)
952:(2000)
944:(1988)
936:(1979)
928:(1922)
906:(2005)
898:(2003)
890:(2000)
869:(1974)
861:(1973)
853:(1972)
845:(1970)
837:(1970)
829:(1968)
821:(1966)
813:(1960)
805:(1958)
784:(1948)
776:(1945)
768:(1944)
760:(1943)
752:(1936)
724:series
629:(2018)
626:Dracul
621:(2009)
600:(1914)
570:(1897)
250:Ruling
193:, 603
2757:Blade
2750:Other
2595:Songs
2089:Plays
2070:Radio
1647:(TBA)
1444:Nadja
1196:Other
917:films
711:Films
2497:Taxi
406:2007
393:Time
370:2007
333:2020
294:Shaw
278:The
226:and
195:P.2d
160:Mosk
77:none
2726:Eva
472:'s
325:CEB
266:in
2898::
408:.
390:.
372:.
361:.
350:^
322:.
270:.
132:,
128:,
124:,
120:,
116:,
2881:)
2877:(
2869:)
2865:(
2716:)
2681:)
2667:)
2605:"
2601:"
1907:"
1900:"
1848:"
1843:)
588:"
462:e
455:t
448:v
335:.
151:.
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