322:
909:
820:
924:
31:
873:
98:". Steatite can be used both in lumps ("block steatite", "lava steatite", "lava grade talc"), and in the ground form. While the geologists logically will use "steatite" to designate both forms, in the industry, "steatite" without additional qualifications typically means the steatite that is either already ground or to be used in the ground form in the future. If the ground steatite is pressed together into blocks, these are called "synthetic block steatite", "artificial block steatite", or "artificial lava talc".
382:
835:
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314:(8000–1000 BC), bowls, cooking slabs, and other objects were made from soapstone. The use of soapstone cooking vessels during this period has been attributed to the rock's thermal qualities; compared to clay or metal containers, soapstone retains heat more effectively. Use of soapstone in native American cultures continue to the modern day. Later, other cultures carved soapstone
122:
298:
occurs in relatively shallow and accessible quarries in the surrounding areas of Sameta, Nyabigege and
Bomware. These were at the time open to all to access provided they had the labor resources to do so. This mostly meant the men did the mining as they were custodian to the community land, meaning
692:
Soapstones can be put in a freezer and later used in place of ice cubes to chill alcoholic beverages without diluting. Sometimes called whiskey stones, these were first introduced around 2007. Most whiskey stones feature a semipolished finish, retaining the soft look of natural soapstone, while
219:, a mineral very similar to talc, is sometimes called soapstone in the generic sense, since its physical characteristics and industrial uses are similar, and because it is also commonly used as a carving material. However, this mineral typically does not have such a soapy feel as soapstone.
89:
The definitions of the terms "steatite" and "soapstone" vary with the field of study. In geology, steatite is a rock that is, to a very large extent, composed of talc. The mining industry defines steatite as a high-purity talc rock that is suitable for the manufacturing of, for example,
645:, the abundance of soapstone mines allow local artisans to craft pots, pans, wine glasses, statues, jewel boxes, coasters, and vases from soapstone. These handicrafts are commonly sold in street markets found in cities across the state. Some of the oldest towns, notably
246:
for housing and electrical components, due to its durability and electrical characteristics and because it can be pressed into complex shapes before firing. Soapstone undergoes transformations when heated to temperatures of 1,000–1,200 °C (1,830–2,190 °F) into
582:
use soapstone as a marker due to its resistance to heat; it remains visible when heat is applied. It has also been used for many years by seamstresses, carpenters, and other craftspeople as a marking tool, because its marks are visible but not permanent.
235:
when touched, hence the name. No fixed hardness is given for soapstone because the amount of talc it contains varies widely, from as little as 30% for architectural grades such as those used on countertops, to as much as 80% for carving grades.
427:. After the intricate carvings of icons and (yet undeciphered) symbols, the seals were heated above 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) for several days to make them hard and durable to make the final seals used for making impressions on clay.
557:) content. It is also used for countertops and bathroom tiling because of the ease of working the material and its property as the "quiet stone". A weathered or aged appearance occurs naturally over time as the patina is enhanced.
628:
and thermally-insulating properties in applications such as tile, substrates, washers, bushings, beads, and pigments. It is also used for high-voltage insulators, which have to stand large mechanical loads, such as insulators of
1077:
A Versatile
Resource – The Procurement and Use of Soapstone in Norway and The North Atlantic Region. In: Soapstone in the North Quarries, Products and People 7000 BC – AD 1700. UBAS – University of Bergen Archaeological Series
1783:
1590:
239:
Soapstone is easy to carve; it is also durable and heat-resistant and has a high heat storage capacity. It has therefore been used for cooking and heating equipment for thousands of years.
512:, there is evidence that these vessels were used for processing marine and dairy fats. Several surviving medieval buildings in northern Europe are constructed with soapstone, amongst them
872:
1711:
819:
923:
908:
1681:
762:
665:
Architectural soapstone is mined in Canada, Brazil, India, and
Finland and imported into the United States. Active North American mines include one south of
701:
People can be exposed to soapstone dust in the workplace via inhalation and skin or eye contact. Exposure above safe limits can lead to symptoms including
542:
In modern times, soapstone is most commonly used for architectural applications, such as counter tops, floor tiles, showerbases, and interior surfacing.
373:
In Canada, soapstone was quarried in the Arctic regions like the western part of the Ungava Bay and the
Appalachian Mountain System from Newfoundland.
1601:
1462:
The application of trace element geochemistry to determine the provenance of soapstone vessels from Dorset
Palaeoeskimo sites in western Newfoundland
879:
255:; on the Mohs scale, this corresponds to an increase in hardness to 5.5–6.5. The resulting material, harder than glass, is sometimes called "lava".
587:
572:. The soft stone is easily carved and is not degraded by heating. The slick surface of soapstone allows the finished object to be easily removed.
549:, and as the preferred material for woodburning masonry heaters because it can absorb, store, and evenly radiate heat due to its high density and
1656:
1548:
2005:
318:, a practice that continues today. The soapstone's low heat conduction allows for prolonged smoking without the pipe heating up uncomfortably.
2802:
1102:
1836:
754:
109:
that consists of either amphibole-chlorite-carbonate-talc rock, talc-carbonate rock, or simply talc rock and is sold in the form of sawn
81:, changing rocks by heat and pressure, with influx of fluids but without melting. It has been a carving medium for thousands of years.
1433:
834:
769:
of 6 mg/m total exposure and 3 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 3000 mg/m, soapstone is
641:
Soapstone continues to be used for carvings and sculptures by artists and indigenous peoples. In Brazil, especially in the state of
1996:
1978:
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1529:
1443:
1287:
1086:
321:
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857:
307:
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295:
1363:"A Large-Scale Systematic Study of Dorset and Groswater Soapstone Vessel Fragments from Newfoundland and Labrador"
508:
hewed soapstone directly from the stone face, shaped it into cooking pots, and sold these at home and abroad. In
284:, where archaeologists have uncovered hundreds of male and female statues about half of life size. The Yoruba of
1164:
1021:
311:
228:
2013:
1408:
801:, Chile, is known for its many colors. While they are not visible during mining, they appear after refining.
761:) for soapstone exposure in the workplace as 20 million particles per cubic foot over an 8-hour workday. The
17:
348:
peoples. The soapstone oil lamps indicate these people had easy access to oils derived from marine mammals.
3086:
1811:
530:
1657:"Report on the analysis of residues from steatite and ceramic vessels from the site of Belmont, Shetland"
1626:
1577:
844:
826:
227:
Soapstone is relatively soft because of its high talc content—talc has a definitional value of 1 on the
3101:
3076:
1115:"Some Important Aspects of the Harappan Technological Tradition," Bhan KK, Vidale M and Kenoyer JM, in
766:
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445:
as early as the 11th-century Pagan period. After that, it was still used as a pencil to write on Black
1556:
1477:
3091:
1004:
970:
966:
358:
In the United States, locally quarried soapstone was used for gravemarkers in 19th century northeast
2002:
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1990:
1686:
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30:
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2100:
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718:
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91:
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315:
1519:
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was a center for the production and distribution of soapstone in the 5th to 3rd millennia BC.
113:. "Ground soapstone" sometimes designates the ground waste product of the slab manufacturing.
2517:
458:
243:
684:
Mining to meet worldwide demand for soapstone is threatening the habitat of India's tigers.
434:(771–476 BC), soapstone was carved into ceremonial knives. Soapstone was also used to carve
3071:
1886:"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Soapstone (containing less than 1% quartz)"
1133:
841:
786:
408:
Soapstone has been used in India as a medium for sculptures since at least the time of the
359:
1005:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1995).
8:
1788:
1716:
706:
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489:
417:
386:
1921:
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2348:
2053:
1390:
1260:
1211:
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367:
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have traditionally used soapstone for carvings of both practical objects and art. The
2308:
1974:
1865:
1525:
1439:
1382:
1324:
1283:
1264:
1252:
1215:
1203:
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1017:
1016:. Vol. II (Silica, Silicates). Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.
929:
899:
513:
477:
269:
152:, hence its obsolete name, magnesiocummingtonite), and traces of minor iron-chromium
1304:
3000:
2712:
2499:
2368:
2040:
1950:
Chidester, Alfred Herman; Engel, Albert Edward John; Wright, Lauren Albert (1963).
1374:
1316:
1242:
1193:
1006:
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435:
58:
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also produced a miniature soapstone obelisk with metal studs called "the staff of
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2572:
2425:
2009:
545:
Soapstone is sometimes used for construction of fireplace surrounds, cladding on
203:
198:, and 4.74% water. It commonly contains minor quantities of other oxides such as
195:
184:
165:
106:
1409:"Civilization.ca - Life and Art of an Ancient Arctic People - The Dorset People"
729:
in the dust, precautions should be taken to avoid occupational diseases such as
325:
Mythological figures carved in soapstone by
Kayasark, Inuit carver, held in the
3005:
2847:
2440:
2363:
2125:
2019:
957:
883:
535:
409:
381:
345:
133:
2031:
1885:
1280:
Early
Pottery in the Southeast: Tradition and Innovation in Cooking Technology
669:
with products marketed by
Canadian Soapstone, the Treasure and Regal mines in
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3050:
2965:
2930:
2777:
2343:
2248:
2120:
1386:
1328:
1256:
1207:
952:
657:, still have some of their streets paved with soapstone from colonial times.
630:
457:
Pipes and decorative carvings of local animals were made out of soapstone by
424:
273:
199:
161:
149:
145:
1951:
798:
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2827:
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1496:
UGC NET History Paper II Chapter Wise
Notebook | Complete Preparation Guide
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1119:/edited by S. Settar and Ravi Korisettar, Manohar Press, New Delhi, 2002.
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2358:
2333:
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2142:
1075:
1038:
807:
A variety of other regional and marketing names for soapstone are used.
790:
730:
654:
625:
591:
398:
132:, soapstone is composed predominantly of talc, with varying amounts of
110:
78:
1991:
Soapstone
Calculated Refractory Data w/ Technical Properties Converter
1320:
1247:
1230:
1198:
1181:
789:"white-grinding" and "dark-grinding" varieties are distinguished, and
504:
table was found. Soapstone is relatively abundant in northern Europe.
272:
signets and amulets were most commonly made from glazed steatite. The
3045:
3035:
3025:
3010:
2980:
2960:
2945:
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2905:
2900:
2859:
2817:
2787:
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2622:
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2507:
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2278:
2273:
2213:
2174:
2137:
933:
734:
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609:
550:
352:
289:
248:
168:
141:
137:
129:
62:
524:
423:
Even earlier, steatite was used as the substrate for Indus-Harappan
3020:
2995:
2920:
2890:
2885:
2807:
2792:
2760:
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2612:
2489:
2464:
2457:
2435:
2430:
2383:
2323:
2208:
2159:
2149:
2095:
1902:
1784:"Soapstone gives countertops, tiles a look that's both new and old"
988:
986:
714:
710:
678:
509:
501:
3040:
2970:
2935:
2910:
2842:
2677:
2617:
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2415:
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2223:
2191:
2186:
2090:
2045:
782:
674:
605:
575:
505:
497:
442:
351:
In the modern period, soapstone is commonly used for carvings in
340:, a type of oil lamp, is carved out of soapstone and used by the
277:
1860:
Proctor, Nick H.; Hughes, James P.; Hathaway, Gloria J. (2004).
1737:
1342:
Witthoft, J.G. (1949). "Stone pipes of the historic Cherokees".
1157:
Jewels of the Pharaohs Egyptian Jewellery of the Dynastic Period
1134:"On the talc deposits near Kaapmuiden, in the Eastern Transvaal"
983:
2950:
2925:
2822:
2782:
2745:
2647:
2512:
2410:
2400:
2353:
2318:
2288:
2218:
2203:
2181:
2115:
2110:
1303:
Frink, Liam; Glazer, Dashiell; Harry, Karen G. (October 2012).
726:
677:
mined by the Barretts Minerals Company, and another in central
569:
565:
337:
333:
191:
172:
157:
54:
1837:"Interview with the Inventor of Whisky Stones, Andrew Hellman"
1231:"The Evolution and Resilience of the Gusii Soapstone Industry"
1182:"The Evolution and Resilience of the Gusii Soapstone Industry"
310:
have used soapstone since the Late Archaic period. During the
2915:
2837:
2832:
2697:
2662:
2582:
2537:
2532:
702:
493:
341:
153:
121:
586:
Resistance to heat made steatite suitable for manufacturing
2687:
2632:
2547:
2479:
770:
402:
281:
232:
66:
50:
1762:
1481:, 2004. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 3 January 2004,
285:
94:; the lesser grades of the mineral can be called simply "
1543:
1541:
804:
Palewa and gorara stones are types of Indian soapstone.
1465:(masters thesis). Memorial University of Newfoundland.
1138:
Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa
1862:
Proctor and Hughes' Chemical hazards of the workplace
1859:
1578:"Steatite Knife" at the Bath Museum of East Asian Art
763:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
449:
until the end of the Mandalay period (19th century).
1949:
1908:
1538:
992:
299:
ancestral lands in Riamosioma, Itumbe, Nyatike etc.
280:
used soapstone for several statues, most notably at
1993:(Incl. Soapstone Volume vs. Weight measuring units)
1277:
2020:Prehistoric soapstone use in northeastern Maryland
1972:Soaprock Coast... The origins of English porcelain
2026:The Blue Rock Soapstone Quarry, Yancey County, NC
1864:(5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.
1709:
3063:
1591:"A museum in Finke: An Aputula Heritage project"
1302:
370:as simple field stone and "slot and tab" tombs.
1812:"West's love of talc threatens India's tigers"
1679:
1458:
1305:"Canadian Arctic Soapstone Cooking Technology"
1073:
164:. Soapstone is formed by the metamorphism of
2061:
755:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2032:CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
2028:(North Carolina Office of State Archaeology)
2003:Soapstone Native American quarries, Maryland
1235:Journal of African Cultural Heritage Studies
1186:Journal of African Cultural Heritage Studies
1043:. Government Printing Office. p. 75.1.
681:operated by the Alberene Soapstone Company.
1999:(The Central States Archaeological Journal)
1524:. Discovery Publishing House. p. 225.
1499:. EduGorilla. 1 September 2022. p. 485
793:has "soft", "hard", and "blue" talc. Also:
781:The local names for the soapstone vary: in
222:
190:By mass, "pure" steatite is roughly 63.37%
2068:
2054:
1101:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1040:Minerals Yearbook Metals and Minerals 2010
560:Soapstone can be used to create molds for
441:Soapstone was used as a writing pencil in
1246:
1197:
936:, Norway, constructed mainly of soapstone
797:Combarbalite stone, exclusively mined in
1341:
1069:
1067:
771:immediately dangerous to life and health
523:
380:
320:
120:
29:
1809:
1705:
1703:
1675:
1673:
1431:
1159:. Thames and Hudson. pp. 160–161.
998:
898:An Egyptian carved and glazed steatite
14:
3064:
1588:
1517:
1154:
1127:
1125:
2049:
1360:
1228:
1179:
1148:
1074:Hansen, Gitte; Storemyr, Per (2017).
1064:
1036:
878:A fountain made with soapstone, near
624:. Steatite is used primarily for its
1959:. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off.
1712:"The enduring appeal of wood stoves"
1700:
1670:
1582:
1131:
1030:
231:. Softer grades may feel similar to
1953:Talc resources of the United States
1645:, The Penguin Press, 1987, page 105
1122:
825:A 12th-century Byzantine relief of
721:. Due to the potential presence of
258:
69:. It is produced by dynamothermal
24:
2075:
1964:
1909:Chidester, Engel & Wright 1963
1654:
1459:O'Driscoll, Cynthia Marie (2003).
1278:Kenneth E. Sassaman (1993-03-30).
993:Chidester, Engel & Wright 1963
564:objects from soft metals, such as
25:
3113:
1984:
1682:"There's a stove for every taste"
1222:
1173:
880:Our Lady of Good Voyage Cathedral
496:used soapstone. At the Palace of
296:Soapstone mining in Tabaka, Kenya
61:. It is composed largely of the
1710:Damrosch, Barbara (2017-01-19).
1117:Indian Archaeology in Retrospect
922:
907:
891:
871:
856:
833:
818:
748:
1914:
1878:
1853:
1829:
1803:
1776:
1755:
1730:
1648:
1635:
1619:
1600:. pp. 1–97. Archived from
1571:
1511:
1487:
1469:
1452:
1425:
1401:
1354:
1335:
1296:
1271:
863:Soapstone slot-and-tab tomb in
594:, and electrical switchboards.
519:
1810:Barnett, Antony (2003-06-22).
1589:Kelham, Megg (November 2010).
1109:
776:
393:, Syria, is made of soapstone.
242:Soapstone is often used as an
84:
13:
1:
2014:Geological Society of America
1763:"Superior Technical Ceramics"
1680:Weideman, Paul (2017-11-05).
976:
466:
312:Archaic archaeological period
27:Talc-bearing metamorphic rock
1432:Nuttall, Mark (2005-09-23).
1309:North American Archaeologist
1282:. University Alabama Press.
693:others are highly polished.
612:of nominal composition (MgO)
452:
397:The ancient trading city of
116:
7:
941:
840:Soapstone sculpture on the
827:Saint George and the Dragon
599:
302:
101:In industrial applications
10:
3118:
1943:
1435:Encyclopedia of the Arctic
1229:Akama, John (2018-08-14).
1180:Akama, John (2018-08-14).
811:
767:recommended exposure limit
759:permissible exposure limit
332:Indigenous peoples of the
2873:
2711:
2498:
2081:
1922:"CST Personal Home Pages"
1037:Virta, Robert L. (2017).
971:Archeological Site 38CK45
967:Archeological Site 38CK44
757:has set the legal limit (
696:
660:
636:
483:
263:
1687:The Santa Fe New Mexican
963:Archeological Site 38CK1
687:
528:The outer layers of the
432:Spring and Autumn period
327:Honolulu Academy of Arts
223:Physical characteristics
2133:Basaltic trachyandesite
2101:Alkali feldspar granite
1625:C.Michael Hogan (2007)
1478:Encyclopædia Britannica
1361:Erwin, John C. (2016).
1344:Southern Indian Studies
719:pulmonary heart disease
414:Western Chalukya Empire
376:
1997:Ancient soapstone bowl
1631:The Modern Antiquarian
1555:. 2008. Archived from
1549:"Soapstone sculptures"
1518:Pruthi, R. K. (2004).
1155:Aldred, Cyril (1971).
1014:Handbook of Mineralogy
916:the Walters Art Museum
539:
538:are made of soapstone.
394:
329:
126:
35:
2518:Banded iron formation
2039:historical marker in
1970:Felce, Robert (2011)
785:, "grit" is used, in
608:are low-cost biaxial
527:
459:Australian Aboriginal
430:In China, during the
384:
324:
124:
57:, which is a type of
33:
1627:"Knossos Fieldnotes"
1413:www.historymuseum.ca
1132:Hall, A. L. (1927).
385:The 21st-century BC
34:Samples of soapstone
3087:Sculpture materials
2022:(Antiquity Journal)
1789:The Washington Post
1717:The Washington Post
1559:on 15 February 2009
1379:10.14430/arctic4592
914:Steatite scarab at
707:shortness of breath
547:wood-burning stoves
531:Christ the Redeemer
490:Minoan civilization
418:Vijayanagara Empire
387:statue of Iddi-Ilum
229:Mohs hardness scale
2874:Specific varieties
2008:2017-07-06 at the
1979:978-0-956-9895-0-5
1742:royaltyminerals.in
1738:"Royalty Minerals"
1521:Indus Civilization
1081:. Bergen, Norway.
865:Dahlonega, Georgia
540:
395:
330:
127:
36:
3102:Ceramic materials
3077:Metamorphic rocks
3059:
3058:
2309:Nepheline syenite
1871:978-0-471-26883-3
1598:Territory Stories
1531:978-81-7141-865-7
1445:978-1-136-78680-8
1321:10.2190/NA.33.4.c
1289:978-0-8173-0670-0
1248:10.22599/jachs.31
1199:10.22599/jachs.31
1088:978-82-90273-90-8
930:Nidaros Cathedral
671:Beaverhead County
514:Nidaros Cathedral
478:Central Australia
416:and to an extent
268:Ancient Egyptian
77:, which occur in
16:(Redirected from
3109:
3092:Stone (material)
3001:Rapakivi granite
2713:Metamorphic rock
2500:Sedimentary rock
2369:Quartz monzonite
2070:
2063:
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2041:Decatur, Georgia
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1677:
1668:
1667:
1664:Shetland Amenity
1661:
1652:
1646:
1641:Else Rosendahl,
1639:
1633:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1595:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1491:
1485:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1250:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1201:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1129:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1011:
1002:
996:
990:
948:List of minerals
926:
911:
895:
875:
860:
837:
822:
725:and crystalline
475:
471:
468:
401:in southeastern
308:Native Americans
259:Historical usage
79:subduction zones
59:metamorphic rock
21:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3082:Phyllosilicates
3062:
3061:
3060:
3055:
2869:
2813:Pseudotachylite
2707:
2494:
2426:Tephriphonolite
2077:
2074:
2010:Wayback Machine
1987:
1967:
1965:Further reading
1956:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1911:, pp. 8–9.
1907:
1903:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1793:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1720:
1708:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1678:
1671:
1659:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1474:
1470:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1359:
1355:
1340:
1336:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1276:
1272:
1227:
1223:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1153:
1149:
1130:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1072:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1009:
1003:
999:
991:
984:
979:
944:
937:
927:
918:
912:
903:
896:
887:
876:
867:
861:
852:
838:
829:
823:
814:
779:
751:
699:
690:
663:
639:
623:
619:
615:
602:
588:gas burner tips
556:
522:
486:
473:
469:
455:
379:
305:
266:
261:
225:
211:
207:
125:A block of talc
119:
107:dimension stone
87:
41:(also known as
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3006:Rhomb porphyry
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2848:Talc carbonate
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2441:Trachyandesite
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Quartz diorite
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2126:Picrite basalt
2123:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:Types of rocks
2073:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2000:
1994:
1986:
1985:External links
1983:
1982:
1981:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1913:
1901:
1877:
1870:
1852:
1828:
1802:
1775:
1754:
1729:
1699:
1669:
1647:
1634:
1618:
1581:
1570:
1537:
1530:
1510:
1486:
1483:Britannica.com
1475:"Tepe Yahya,"
1468:
1451:
1444:
1424:
1400:
1353:
1334:
1315:(4): 429–449.
1295:
1288:
1270:
1221:
1172:
1165:
1147:
1121:
1108:
1087:
1063:
1049:
1029:
1022:
997:
981:
980:
978:
975:
974:
973:
960:
958:Talc carbonate
955:
950:
943:
940:
939:
938:
928:
921:
919:
913:
906:
904:
897:
890:
888:
884:Belo Horizonte
877:
870:
868:
862:
855:
853:
839:
832:
830:
824:
817:
813:
810:
809:
808:
805:
802:
778:
775:
750:
747:
698:
695:
689:
686:
662:
659:
638:
635:
631:mast radiators
621:
617:
613:
601:
598:
554:
536:Rio de Janeiro
521:
518:
485:
482:
454:
451:
410:Hoysala Empire
378:
375:
304:
301:
265:
262:
260:
257:
224:
221:
209:
205:
130:Petrologically
118:
115:
86:
83:
65:-rich mineral
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3114:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:Litchfieldite
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Hyaloclastite
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Litchfieldite
2776:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:Phonotephrite
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:Hyaloclastite
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:Alkali basalt
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1927:
1926:cst.cmich.edu
1923:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1842:
1841:Whisky Stones
1838:
1832:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1764:
1758:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1704:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1658:
1655:Steele, Val.
1651:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1607:on 2019-05-10
1603:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1441:
1438:. Routledge.
1437:
1436:
1428:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1052:
1050:9788290273908
1046:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
989:
987:
982:
972:
968:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
953:List of rocks
951:
949:
946:
945:
935:
931:
925:
920:
917:
910:
905:
901:
894:
889:
885:
881:
874:
869:
866:
859:
854:
850:
846:
843:
836:
831:
828:
821:
816:
815:
806:
803:
800:
796:
795:
794:
792:
788:
784:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
749:United States
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
694:
685:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
634:
632:
627:
611:
607:
597:
595:
593:
589:
584:
581:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
552:
548:
543:
537:
534:sculpture in
533:
532:
526:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:, a steatite
499:
495:
491:
481:
479:
464:
460:
450:
448:
444:
439:
437:
436:Chinese seals
433:
428:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
392:
388:
383:
374:
371:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
328:
323:
319:
317:
316:smoking pipes
313:
309:
300:
297:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:Yoruba people
271:
256:
254:
250:
245:
240:
237:
234:
230:
220:
218:
214:
212:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
183:of siliceous
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
150:cummingtonite
147:
146:anthophyllite
143:
139:
135:
131:
123:
114:
112:
108:
104:
99:
97:
93:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
18:Lapis ollaris
2976:Luxullianite
2956:Lapis lazuli
2901:Blue Granite
2852:
2828:Serpentinite
2803:Metapsammite
2553:Conglomerate
2475:Trondhjemite
2453:Trachybasalt
2394:Pantellerite
2299:Monzogranite
2244:Hornblendite
2229:Granodiorite
2083:Igneous rock
1971:
1952:
1929:. Retrieved
1925:
1916:
1904:
1893:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1861:
1855:
1844:. Retrieved
1840:
1831:
1820:. Retrieved
1816:The Guardian
1815:
1805:
1794:. Retrieved
1792:. 2013-05-30
1787:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:
1732:
1721:. Retrieved
1715:
1691:. Retrieved
1685:
1663:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1609:. Retrieved
1602:the original
1597:
1584:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:the original
1552:
1520:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1495:
1489:
1476:
1471:
1461:
1454:
1434:
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:
1403:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1279:
1273:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1137:
1116:
1111:
1076:
1054:. Retrieved
1039:
1032:
1013:
1000:
995:, p. 8.
780:
752:
739:mesothelioma
700:
691:
683:
664:
643:Minas Gerais
640:
603:
596:
585:
574:
559:
544:
541:
529:
520:Modern usage
487:
456:
440:
429:
422:
407:
396:
372:
357:
350:
331:
306:
294:
267:
253:cristobalite
241:
238:
226:
217:Pyrophyllite
215:
189:
181:metasomatism
177:serpentinite
156:. It may be
128:
102:
100:
95:
88:
75:metasomatism
71:metamorphism
46:
42:
38:
37:
3072:Dielectrics
2865:Whiteschist
2756:Greenschist
2736:Cataclasite
2726:Amphibolite
2653:Phosphorite
2603:Itacolumite
2528:Calcarenite
2374:Quartzolite
2314:Nephelinite
2284:Lamprophyre
2239:Harzburgite
2197:Napoleonite
2170:Charnockite
2165:Carbonatite
2155:Blairmorite
2106:Anorthosite
1931:26 November
1890:www.cdc.gov
1768:26 November
1747:26 November
1643:The Vikings
1563:26 November
1350:(2): 43–62.
1192:(1): 1–17.
1056:26 November
777:Other names
743:lung cancer
667:Quebec City
592:spark plugs
580:fabricators
474: 1930
470: 1865
463:Erlikilyika
140:(typically
85:Terminology
3066:Categories
3031:Teschenite
3016:Shonkinite
2991:Pietersite
2986:Novaculite
2896:Borolanite
2881:Adamellite
2798:Metapelite
2766:Calcflinta
2731:Blueschist
2721:Anthracite
2703:Wackestone
2683:Travertine
2628:Lumachelle
2608:Jaspillite
2563:Diamictite
2485:Websterite
2470:Troctolite
2446:Benmoreite
2406:Shonkinite
2379:Rhyodacite
2359:Pyroxenite
2334:Peridotite
2294:Lherzolite
2269:Kimberlite
2259:Ignimbrite
2254:Icelandite
2234:Granophyre
2143:Shoshonite
1895:2015-11-21
1846:2021-06-08
1822:2007-01-09
1796:2014-01-11
1723:2017-12-14
1693:2017-12-14
1553:hoysala.in
1503:26 October
1418:2024-04-24
1166:0500231389
1023:0962209716
977:References
799:Combarbalá
791:California
765:has set a
731:asbestosis
655:Ouro Preto
651:Tiradentes
626:dielectric
610:porcelains
472: – c.
399:Tepe Yahya
179:) and the
169:protoliths
166:ultramafic
138:amphiboles
105:refers to
92:insulators
3097:Petrology
3046:Variolite
3036:Theralite
3026:Tachylite
3011:Rodingite
2981:Mangerite
2961:Larvikite
2946:Jasperoid
2941:Jadeitite
2906:Epidosite
2860:Tectonite
2853:Soapstone
2818:Quartzite
2788:Migmatite
2773:Itabirite
2751:Granulite
2693:Turbidite
2673:Sylvinite
2668:Siltstone
2658:Sandstone
2643:Oil shale
2623:Limestone
2598:Gritstone
2593:Greywacke
2588:Geyserite
2578:Evaporite
2568:Diatomite
2543:Claystone
2508:Argillite
2421:Tachylyte
2389:Comendite
2339:Phonolite
2329:Pegmatite
2304:Monzonite
2279:Lamproite
2274:Komatiite
2214:Foidolite
2175:Enderbite
2138:Mugearite
1387:0004-0843
1329:0197-6931
1265:169646064
1257:2513-8243
1216:169646064
1208:2513-8243
1097:cite book
934:Trondheim
735:silicosis
723:tremolite
647:Congonhas
604:Steatite
551:magnesite
453:Australia
368:Cleveland
364:Dahlonega
362:, around
353:Inuit art
290:Oranmiyan
249:enstatite
244:insulator
194:, 31.88%
185:dolomites
158:schistose
142:tremolite
117:Petrology
103:soapstone
96:talc rock
63:magnesium
39:Soapstone
3021:Taconite
2996:Pyrolite
2921:Ganister
2891:Aphanite
2886:Appinite
2808:Phyllite
2793:Mylonite
2761:Hornfels
2741:Eclogite
2638:Mudstone
2613:Laterite
2573:Dolomite
2490:Wehrlite
2465:Trachyte
2458:Hawaiite
2436:Tonalite
2431:Tephrite
2384:Rhyolite
2349:Porphyry
2324:Obsidian
2209:Essexite
2160:Boninite
2150:Basanite
2096:Andesite
2037:Steatite
2006:Archived
1818:. London
1395:26891240
1241:(1): 1.
942:See also
886:, Brazil
715:crackles
711:cyanosis
703:coughing
679:Virginia
606:ceramics
600:Ceramics
510:Shetland
502:libation
447:Parabaik
303:Americas
276:of West
196:magnesia
134:chlorite
47:soaprock
43:steatite
3041:Unakite
2971:Llanite
2936:Ijolite
2911:Felsite
2843:Suevite
2678:Tillite
2618:Lignite
2558:Coquina
2523:Breccia
2416:Syenite
2264:Ijolite
2224:Granite
2192:Diorite
2187:Diabase
2091:Adakite
1944:Sources
1373:: 1–8.
851:, India
842:Hoysala
812:Gallery
787:Georgia
783:Vermont
675:Montana
576:Welders
562:casting
506:Vikings
498:Knossos
461:artist
443:Myanmar
360:Georgia
278:Nigeria
162:massive
49:) is a
2951:Kenyte
2926:Gossan
2823:Schist
2783:Marble
2746:Gneiss
2648:Oolite
2513:Arkose
2411:Sovite
2401:Scoria
2354:Pumice
2319:Norite
2289:Latite
2219:Gabbro
2204:Dunite
2182:Dacite
2116:Basalt
2111:Aplite
1977:
1868:
1611:11 May
1528:
1442:
1393:
1385:
1367:Arctic
1327:
1286:
1263:
1255:
1214:
1206:
1163:
1085:
1047:
1020:
1007:"Talc"
969:, and
902:amulet
900:scarab
845:temple
741:, and
727:silica
717:, and
697:Safety
661:Mining
653:, and
637:Crafts
570:silver
566:pewter
484:Europe
412:, the
366:, and
346:Dorset
338:qulliq
334:Arctic
270:scarab
264:Africa
192:silica
173:dunite
171:(e.g.
154:oxides
148:, and
55:schist
2916:Flint
2838:Slate
2833:Skarn
2698:Varve
2663:Shale
2583:Flint
2538:Chert
2533:Chalk
1957:(PDF)
1660:(PDF)
1605:(PDF)
1594:(PDF)
1391:JSTOR
1261:S2CID
1212:S2CID
1144:: 83.
1010:(PDF)
882:, in
849:Belur
688:Other
553:(MgCO
494:Crete
476:) in
425:seals
342:Inuit
111:slabs
2688:Tufa
2633:Marl
2548:Coal
2480:Tuff
1975:ISBN
1933:2018
1866:ISBN
1770:2018
1749:2018
1613:2019
1565:2018
1526:ISBN
1505:2022
1440:ISBN
1383:ISSN
1325:ISSN
1284:ISBN
1253:ISSN
1204:ISSN
1161:ISBN
1103:link
1083:ISBN
1058:2018
1045:ISBN
1018:ISBN
753:The
616:(SiO
578:and
488:The
403:Iran
391:Mari
377:Asia
344:and
282:Esie
251:and
233:soap
136:and
73:and
67:talc
51:talc
3051:Wad
1375:doi
1317:doi
1243:doi
1194:doi
932:in
847:at
568:or
492:on
389:of
292:".
286:Ife
202:or
200:CaO
175:or
160:or
45:or
3068::
1924:.
1888:.
1839:.
1814:.
1786:.
1740:.
1714:.
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1684:.
1672:^
1662:.
1629:,
1596:.
1551:.
1540:^
1411:.
1389:.
1381:.
1371:69
1369:.
1365:.
1346:.
1323:.
1313:33
1311:.
1307:.
1259:.
1251:.
1237:.
1233:.
1210:.
1202:.
1188:.
1184:.
1142:30
1140:.
1136:.
1124:^
1099:}}
1095:{{
1066:^
1012:.
985:^
965:,
773:.
745:.
737:,
733:,
713:,
709:,
705:,
673:,
649:,
633:.
590:,
516:.
480:.
467:c.
438:.
420:.
355:.
213:.
204:Al
187:.
144:,
2069:e
2062:t
2055:v
2016:)
2012:(
1935:.
1898:.
1874:.
1849:.
1825:.
1799:.
1772:.
1751:.
1726:.
1696:.
1666:.
1615:.
1567:.
1534:.
1507:.
1448:.
1421:.
1397:.
1377::
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1331:.
1319::
1292:.
1267:.
1245::
1239:1
1218:.
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1190:1
1169:.
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1091:.
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1060:.
1026:.
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