965:
1969:
25:
656:
403:
242:
Historically, with metal type, a kern meant having a letter stick out beyond the metal slug to which it was attached, or having part of the body of the slug cut off to allow letters to overlap. A kern could therefore only bring letters closer together (negative spacing). Digital kerning could go in
393:
Letter spacing may also refer to the insertion of fixed spaces, as was commonly done in hand-set metal type to achieve letter spacing. Fixed spaces vary by size and include hair spaces, thin spaces, word spaces, en-spaces, and em-spaces. An en-space is equal to half the current point size, and an
365:
Although digital type sets tighter than metal type on average, this results primarily from the availability of kerning. Digital type does allow for negative sidebearings, which were uncommon in metal type because of the difficulty in cutting a
262:
avoided letter spacing because it was costly in materials and labor. Letter spacing required hand insertion of copper (a half-point), brass (one point), and printer's "lead" (two points) spaces between individual pieces of type or between
267:. Despite the cost, letter spacing was used in print advertising, book publishing, and custom printing (such as high-end stationery, business cards, wedding invitations, and such). It was also used for very short phrases set in
742:
Zorzi, Marco; Barbiero, Chiara; Facoetti, Andrea; Lonciari, Isabella; Carrozzi, Marco; Montico, Marcella; Bravar, Laura; George, Florence; Pech-Georgel, Catherine; Ziegler, Johannes (4 June 2012). Posner, Michael (ed.).
385:, and Adobe InDesign uses 1/1000 of an em. Therefore, in QuarkXPress, a tracking setting of 3 reduces the visual density of the text noticeably, but in InDesign a tracking setting of 3 is barely noticeable.
381:, letter spacing had to be uniform. In modern digital page-layout software, high-end applications all use relative measurements proportional to the size of the type. QuarkXPress uses units of 1/200 of an
290:
manuscripts, where alternative emphatics like italic or bold fonts are less available. In German-language contexts, where blackletter typefaces survived longer than elsewhere, the practice (called
470:
Adjusting the letter spacing of a given text has been shown to affect reading speed and accuracy. A wide body of research suggests that text with wider letter spacing, as well as wider
668:
243:
either direction. Tracking can similarly go in either direction, but with metal type, one could make groups of letters only farther apart (positive spacing).
1554:
482:
and non-dyslexic children. Contrarily, tighter spacing is thought to decrease comprehension among such population subgroups, and is accompanied by
358:, use differing methods of adjusting letter spacing. Most systems have the default letter spacing at zero and instead use the character widths and
230:, which adjusts the spacing of particular pairs of adjacent characters such as "7." which would appear to be badly spaced if left unadjusted, and
438:
property (illustrated) offers some control for "kerning perception", as kerning can be simulated with non-uniform spacing between letters. The
1928:
423:
adjusts the space based on character pairs. There is strong kerning between the "V" and the "A" and no kerning between the "S" and the "T".
859:
563:
620:"Effects of intraword and interword spacing on eye movements during reading: Exploring the optimal use of space in a line of text"
508:, posit that the typeface's wide spacing, rather than the shape of its characters, is the reason for its success among dyslexics.
929:
719:
602:
254:
required adding horizontal space between letters of words set in metal type in increments of a minimum of a half-point. Some
89:
998:
61:
796:"Improvements in reading accuracy as a result of increased interletter spacing are not specific to children with dyslexia"
427:
Even with no kerning control, a visually pleasing result can be achieved with some control of the space between letters.
303:
stated that "Men who would letterspace blackletter would steal sheep." Goudy's statement inspired the title of the book
68:
944:
911:
893:
108:
493:. Due to deadlines, news editors do not usually have time to rewrite paragraphs that end in split words or create
42:
75:
672:
46:
712:
Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2009 — World
Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications
1923:
921:
279:
1808:
1770:
57:
708:"Greater Understanding of Spacing Needs for Children's Eye Movements during On-Screen Reading is Required"
1954:
1023:
820:
1534:
795:
794:
Hakvoort, Britt; van den Boer, Madelon; Leenaars, Tineke; Bos, Petra; Tijms, Jurgen (12 August 2017).
669:"The Rhetoric of Typography: Effects on Reading Time, Reading Comprehension, and Perceptions of Ethos"
1180:
505:
1938:
1755:
1426:
1363:
1068:
991:
35:
1383:
1106:
1858:
1358:
1353:
1266:
1253:
1086:
247:
969:
82:
1650:
1291:
1145:
619:
532:
8:
1998:
1993:
1972:
1933:
1846:
1740:
1595:
1573:
1563:
1431:
1038:
1028:
984:
331:
226:
to change the visual density of a line or block of text. Letter spacing is distinct from
1896:
1823:
1803:
1793:
1765:
1735:
1695:
1322:
1185:
1170:
1111:
1101:
833:
771:
744:
571:
494:
455:
323:
319:
1818:
655:
1841:
1760:
1715:
1645:
1116:
940:
925:
919:
Thinking with Type: A Critical Guide for
Designers, Writers, Editors, & Students.
907:
889:
825:
776:
715:
685:
644:
598:
382:
367:
351:
264:
223:
1727:
1680:
1519:
1466:
1327:
1137:
837:
815:
807:
766:
756:
634:
557:
527:
374:
347:
1863:
1750:
1745:
1665:
1633:
1524:
1261:
1063:
522:
378:
355:
315:
275:
to prevent the phrases from appearing too dark compared to the rest of the page.
1868:
1813:
1690:
1493:
1317:
1271:
1205:
1175:
1043:
811:
749:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
343:
327:
300:
639:
1987:
1660:
1628:
1618:
1498:
903:
297:
954:. Nakai Theatre Home Grown Festival 2008, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, (2008)6
761:
1918:
1798:
1685:
1670:
1640:
1600:
1583:
1337:
1307:
1281:
1190:
1033:
1015:
829:
780:
648:
537:
475:
419:
adjusts the space between characters evenly, regardless of the characters,
1913:
1908:
1901:
1891:
1705:
1655:
1610:
1550:
1514:
1485:
1473:
1453:
1276:
1228:
1096:
490:
339:
335:
283:
259:
964:
707:
1886:
1700:
1590:
1443:
1436:
1413:
1368:
1332:
1286:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1218:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1007:
501:
447:
402:
287:
272:
219:
714:. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education: 807–813.
673:
Technical
Communication, Volume 51, Number 1, February 2004, pp. 13-24
1378:
1373:
1150:
1078:
255:
24:
1851:
1710:
1529:
1402:
1388:
1213:
1165:
483:
479:
268:
1675:
1461:
1312:
1223:
1155:
1091:
517:
471:
413:(letter spacing): with spacing the "kerning perception" is lost.
406:
359:
231:
227:
196:
Headline with wider letter spacing, sometimes used for broadcast
1578:
1195:
793:
459:
1421:
1160:
1128:
976:
741:
504:, some researchers, including Sue Walker, Jenny Thomson, and
373:
In the days of machine-implemented lead typesetting, such as
1777:
1623:
1568:
439:
431:
745:"Extra-large letter spacing improves reading in dyslexia"
163:
Headline with open letter spacing similar to metal type
489:
Letter spacing adjustments are frequently employed in
478:, leads to increased reading comprehension among both
394:
em-space is the same width as the current point size.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
937:Stop Stealing Sheep & Find out how type works.
595:Stop Stealing Sheep & find out how type works
592:
1985:
860:"Does Comic Sans really help dyslexic learners?"
701:
699:
561:
617:
397:
141:Headline set with no additional letter spacing
1929:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
992:
705:
662:
1471:
821:11245.1/91d8afa0-403c-4532-a551-04114030b29a
696:
618:Slattery, Timothy J.; Rayner, Keith (2013).
291:
278:Increased letter-spacing has sometimes been
130:Headline set tight with minus letter spacing
999:
985:
627:Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics
611:
1955:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
819:
770:
760:
638:
593:Spiekermann, Erik; Ginger, E. M. (2002).
322:programs for personal computers, such as
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
800:Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
706:Vanderschantz, Nicholas (22 June 2009).
562:Wardle de Sousa, Tiffany (2 July 2005).
401:
362:information built into the font itself.
174:Headline with still more letter spacing
1986:
857:
152:Headline with more open letter spacing
16:Physical spacing of characters in text
980:
806:(published December 2017): 101–116.
454:, mainly to enhance spaced texts of
296:) is not quite extinct. Printer and
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
564:"Famous Quotes from Type Designers"
203:Examples of headline letter spacing
13:
886:The Elements of Typographic Style.
310:
14:
2010:
958:
307:, an introduction to typography.
185:Headline with wide letter spacing
1968:
1967:
963:
654:
222:adjustment to the space between
23:
486:and a perception of smallness.
388:
34:needs additional citations for
1006:
858:Severs, Jon (6 October 2020).
851:
787:
735:
678:
586:
550:
1:
1924:History of Western typography
968:The dictionary definition of
922:Princeton Architectural Press
878:
465:
234:, the spacing between lines.
1771:traditional point-size names
7:
1024:Canons of page construction
888:Hartley & Marks: 1992.
511:
446:property. In the meantime,
398:Changing kerning perception
218:is an optically consistent
10:
2015:
812:10.1016/j.jecp.2017.07.010
686:"CSS Fonts Module Level 3"
434:, a standard of 1996, the
237:
1963:
1947:
1879:
1832:
1786:
1726:
1609:
1549:
1507:
1484:
1452:
1412:
1401:
1346:
1300:
1252:
1204:
1181:Subscript and superscript
1136:
1127:
1077:
1014:
640:10.3758/s13414-013-0463-8
1939:Vox-ATypI classification
1069:Intentionally blank page
543:
192:Docent sights juggernaut
181:Docent sights juggernaut
170:Docent sights juggernaut
159:Docent sights juggernaut
148:Docent sights juggernaut
137:Docent sights juggernaut
126:Docent sights juggernaut
762:10.1073/pnas.1205566109
450:used the workaround of
1472:
442:standard includes the
424:
292:
560:(15 October 2005) in
405:
248:hot metal typesetting
1809:Typographic features
884:Bringhurst, Robert.
533:Typographic ligature
43:improve this article
1934:Technical lettering
1833:Typography in other
1574:Hanging punctuation
939:Adobe Press: 2002.
935:Spiekermann, Erik.
755:(28): 11455–11459.
332:Microsoft Publisher
305:Stop Stealing Sheep
286:typesetting and in
1897:Handwriting script
1824:Desktop publishing
1794:Character encoding
1787:Digital typography
1301:Horizontal aspects
1254:Visual distinction
1112:Widows and orphans
671:, Eva Brumberger.
425:
324:LibreOffice Writer
320:desktop publishing
1981:
1980:
1728:Typographic units
1646:For position only
1545:
1544:
1397:
1396:
930:978-1-56898-448-3
721:978-1-880094-73-0
604:978-0-201-70339-9
574:on 25 August 2013
495:widows or orphans
375:Linotype machines
352:Adobe Illustrator
280:used for emphasis
212:character spacing
201:
200:
119:
118:
111:
93:
2006:
1971:
1970:
1948:Related template
1880:Related articles
1681:Phototypesetting
1535:reverse-contrast
1520:Display typeface
1477:
1454:Blackletter type
1410:
1409:
1347:Vertical aspects
1328:Sentence spacing
1138:Typeface anatomy
1134:
1133:
1001:
994:
987:
978:
977:
967:
872:
871:
869:
867:
855:
849:
848:
846:
844:
823:
791:
785:
784:
774:
764:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
703:
694:
693:
682:
676:
666:
660:
659:
658:
652:
642:
633:(6): 1275–1292.
624:
615:
609:
608:
590:
584:
583:
581:
579:
570:. Archived from
558:Erik Spiekermann
554:
528:Sentence spacing
453:
445:
437:
409:contrasted with
348:Adobe FrameMaker
295:
282:, most often in
197:
193:
186:
182:
175:
171:
164:
160:
153:
149:
142:
138:
131:
127:
122:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
58:"Letter spacing"
51:
27:
19:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1959:
1943:
1875:
1835:writing systems
1834:
1828:
1782:
1722:
1666:Microtypography
1605:
1541:
1503:
1480:
1448:
1405:classifications
1404:
1393:
1342:
1296:
1262:Blackboard bold
1248:
1200:
1123:
1073:
1064:Recto and verso
1010:
1005:
961:
950:Owen Williams,
917:Lupton, Ellen.
881:
876:
875:
865:
863:
856:
852:
842:
840:
792:
788:
740:
736:
726:
724:
722:
704:
697:
684:
683:
679:
667:
663:
653:
622:
616:
612:
605:
597:. Adobe Press.
591:
587:
577:
575:
555:
551:
546:
523:Microtypography
514:
468:
451:
443:
435:
414:
400:
391:
379:Monotype System
356:Adobe Photoshop
316:Word processing
313:
311:Digital systems
246:In the days of
240:
205:
204:
195:
194:
191:
184:
183:
180:
173:
172:
169:
162:
161:
158:
151:
150:
147:
140:
139:
136:
129:
128:
125:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2012:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1869:National Fonts
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1814:Web typography
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1691:Reversing type
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1318:Letter-spacing
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1272:Color printing
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1206:Capitalization
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1044:Page numbering
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1003:
996:
989:
981:
960:
959:External links
957:
956:
955:
948:
933:
915:
901:A type primer.
897:
880:
877:
874:
873:
862:. TES Magazine
850:
786:
734:
720:
695:
677:
661:
610:
603:
585:
548:
547:
545:
542:
541:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
513:
510:
467:
464:
452:letter-spacing
436:letter-spacing
399:
396:
390:
387:
344:Adobe InDesign
328:Microsoft Word
312:
309:
301:Frederic Goudy
252:letter spacing
239:
236:
208:Letter spacing
202:
199:
198:
188:
187:
177:
176:
166:
165:
155:
154:
144:
143:
133:
132:
120:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2011:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Bézier curves
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Rasterization
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1661:Microprinting
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Etaoin shrdlu
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
988:
983:
982:
979:
975:
974:at Wiktionary
973:
972:
971:letterspacing
966:
953:
952:Testing David
949:
946:
945:0-201-70339-4
942:
938:
934:
931:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
912:0-13-099071-X
909:
905:
904:Prentice Hall
902:
898:
895:
894:0-88179-033-8
891:
887:
883:
882:
861:
854:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
782:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
738:
723:
717:
713:
709:
702:
700:
691:
687:
681:
674:
670:
665:
657:
650:
646:
641:
636:
632:
628:
621:
614:
606:
600:
596:
589:
573:
569:
568:Typophile.com
565:
559:
553:
549:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
509:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
463:
461:
457:
449:
448:web designers
441:
433:
428:
422:
418:
412:
408:
404:
395:
386:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
308:
306:
302:
299:
298:type designer
294:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:typographical
217:
213:
209:
190:
189:
179:
178:
168:
167:
157:
156:
146:
145:
135:
134:
124:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1919:Type foundry
1756:Metric units
1686:Punchcutting
1671:Movable type
1641:Font catalog
1601:Vertical bar
1338:Word spacing
1308:Figure space
1191:Text figures
1034:Even working
970:
962:
951:
936:
918:
900:
899:Kane, John.
885:
864:. Retrieved
853:
841:. Retrieved
803:
799:
789:
752:
748:
737:
725:. Retrieved
711:
689:
680:
664:
630:
626:
613:
594:
588:
576:. Retrieved
572:the original
567:
552:
538:Word spacing
499:
488:
476:word spacing
469:
444:font-kerning
429:
426:
420:
416:
410:
392:
389:Fixed spaces
372:
364:
314:
304:
277:
251:
245:
241:
215:
211:
207:
206:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1914:Type design
1909:Style guide
1902:Calligraphy
1892:Handwriting
1706:Type design
1656:Lorem ipsum
1651:Letterpress
1611:Typesetting
1551:Punctuation
1515:Record type
1486:Gaelic type
1474:Schwabacher
1364:Body height
1229:Letter case
1097:Line length
556:Comment by
500:Discussing
491:news design
340:QuarkXPress
336:WordPerfect
284:blackletter
260:typesetters
1999:Whitespace
1994:Typography
1988:Categories
1887:Penmanship
1859:East Asian
1701:Type color
1634:monospaced
1591:Interpunct
1584:minus sign
1508:Specialist
1444:Sans-serif
1437:slab serif
1414:Roman type
1369:Cap height
1333:Thin space
1292:Whitespace
1244:Title case
1239:Snake case
1234:Small caps
1219:Camel case
1151:Diacritics
1059:Pull quote
1054:Pagination
1049:Paper size
1008:Typography
879:References
506:John Stein
502:Comic Sans
466:Legibility
288:typewriter
273:small caps
256:publishers
69:newspapers
1384:Overshoot
1379:Mean line
1374:Descender
1287:Underline
1129:Character
1107:Runaround
1087:Alignment
1079:Paragraph
866:1 October
843:1 October
727:1 October
99:June 2021
1973:Category
1852:PT Fonts
1847:Cyrillic
1711:Typeface
1629:computer
1530:fat face
1403:Typeface
1389:x-height
1359:Baseline
1354:Ascender
1214:All caps
1176:Rotation
1171:Ligature
1166:Ink trap
924:: 2007.
906:: 2002.
830:28810134
781:22665803
649:23709061
578:30 April
512:See also
484:crowding
480:dyslexic
417:tracking
411:tracking
377:and the
269:all caps
265:matrices
216:tracking
1799:Hinting
1676:Pangram
1494:Insular
1467:Rotunda
1462:Fraktur
1427:Antiqua
1313:Kerning
1282:Oblique
1277:Italics
1224:Initial
1156:Dingbat
1146:Counter
1092:Leading
838:4629076
772:3396504
518:Kashida
460:banners
421:kerning
407:Kerning
360:kerning
293:sperren
238:History
232:leading
228:kerning
224:letters
83:scholar
1842:Arabic
1741:Cicero
1579:Hyphen
1564:Bullet
1525:script
1499:Uncial
1432:Didone
1196:Tittle
1039:Margin
1029:Column
943:
928:
910:
892:
836:
828:
779:
769:
718:
690:w3.org
647:
601:
456:titles
415:While
354:, and
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1766:Point
1736:Agate
1596:Space
1422:Serif
1323:Pitch
1186:Swash
1161:Glyph
1102:River
834:S2CID
623:(PDF)
544:Notes
430:With
90:JSTOR
76:books
1864:Thai
1778:Twip
1761:Pica
1716:list
1696:Sort
1624:Font
1569:Dash
1555:List
1267:Bold
1117:runt
1016:Page
941:ISBN
926:ISBN
908:ISBN
890:ISBN
868:2022
845:2022
826:PMID
777:PMID
729:2022
716:ISBN
645:PMID
599:ISBN
580:2014
474:and
472:line
458:and
440:CSS3
432:CSS1
368:kern
318:and
258:and
62:news
816:hdl
808:doi
804:164
767:PMC
757:doi
753:109
635:doi
370:".
271:or
214:or
45:by
1990::
1751:En
1746:Em
932:).
832:.
824:.
814:.
802:.
798:.
775:.
765:.
751:.
747:.
710:.
698:^
688:.
643:.
631:75
629:.
625:.
566:.
497:.
462:.
383:em
350:,
346:,
342:,
338:,
334:,
330:,
326:,
250:,
210:,
1557:)
1553:(
1000:e
993:t
986:v
947:.
914:.
896:.
870:.
847:.
818::
810::
783:.
759::
731:.
692:.
675:.
651:.
637::
607:.
582:.
366:"
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.