2168:
784:
1607:
31:
2719:
56:
1619:
641:
1853:
2682:
PC games have long been a source of controversy, largely due to the depictions of violence that has become commonly associated with video games in general, with much of the criticism stemming from the fact that the PC gaming industry is not as regulated as on other platforms. The debate surrounds the
1190:. Consumers began purchasing DOS computers for the home in large numbers. While often purchased to do work on evenings and weekends, clones' popularity caused consumer-software companies to increase the number of IBM-compatible products, including those developed specifically for the PC as opposed to
2592:
have become increasingly more popular over the last half decade. While not required for all gamers, these servers provide a unique "home", fully customizable, such as additional modifications, settings, etc., giving the end gamers the experience they desire. Today there are over 510,000 game servers
2351:
PhysX) card, are also available to accelerate physics simulations in modern computer games. PPUs allow the computer to process more complex interactions among objects than is achievable using only the CPU, potentially allowing players a much greater degree of control over the world in games designed
960:
grossly underperformed, the popularity of personal computers for education rose dramatically. In 1983, American consumer interest in console video games dwindled to historical lows, as interest in games on personal computers rose. The effects of the crash were largely limited to the console market,
4511:
We've been developing games that are community-based for more than ten years now, ever since the original Unreal and Unreal
Tournament. We've had games that have had free online gameplay, free server lists, and in 2003 we shipped a game with in-game voice support, and a lot of features that gamers
1225:
executive agreed, saying that "Unfortunately, its effect has been extremely negative. Without question, Nintendo's success has eroded software sales. There's been a much greater falling off of disk sales than anyone anticipated." A third attributed the end of growth in sales of the
Commodore 64 to
2113:
Digital distribution also slashes the cost of circulation, eliminates stock shortages, allows games to be released worldwide at no additional cost, and allows niche audiences to be reached with ease. However, most digital distribution systems create ownership and customer rights issues by storing
1967:
A PC is a general-purpose tool. Its inner workings are exposed to the owner, and misconfiguration can create enormous problems. Hardware compatibility issues are also possible. Game development is complicated by the wide variety of hardware configurations; developers may be forced to limit their
1494:
By spring 1994, an estimated 24 million US homes (27% of households) had a personal computer. 48% played games on their computer; 40% had the 486 CPU or higher; 35% had CD-ROM drives; and 20% had a sound card. Another survey found that an estimated 2.46 million multimedia computers had internal
1202:
By 1987, the PC market was growing so quickly that the formerly business-only computer had become the largest and fastest-growing, and most important platform for computer game companies. DOS computers dominated the home, supplanting
Commodore and Apple. More than a third of games sold in North
1980:
PC components are generally sold individually for profit (even if one buys a pre-built machine), whereas the hardware of closed platforms is mass-produced as a single unit and often sold at a smaller profit, or even a loss (with the intention of making profit instead in online service fees and
2868:
2020:
as "mods". A healthy mod community greatly increases a game's longevity and the most popular mods have driven purchases of their parent game to record heights. It is common for professional developers to release the tools they use to create their games (and sometimes even
2032:
however, or even outright redistribute it, and their ability to extend the lifespan of a game can work against its developers' plans for regular sequels. As game technology has become more complex, it has also become harder to distribute development tools to the public.
2054:
PC games are sold predominantly through the
Internet, with buyers downloading their new purchase directly to their computer. This approach allows smaller independent developers to compete with large publisher-backed games and avoids the speed and capacity limits of the
1230:
called
Nintendo "the last hurrah of the 8-bit world". Experts were unsure whether it affected 16-bit computer games, but Hawkins, in 1990, nonetheless had to deny rumors that Electronic Arts would withdraw from computers and only produce console games. By 1993,
2114:
access rights on distributor-owned computers. Games confer with these computers over the
Internet before launching. This raises the prospect of purchases being lost if the distributor goes out of business or chooses to lock the buyer's account, and prevents
2695:
in
September 2006. Industry groups have responded by noting the responsibility of parents in governing their children's activities, while attempts in the United States to control the sale of objectionable games have generally been found unconstitutional.
1968:
design to run with sub-optimum PC hardware in order to reach a larger PC market, or add a range graphical and other settings to adjust for playability on individual machines, requiring increased development, test, and customer support resources.
2523:
than the dial-up services of the time. These advantages allowed more players to join any given computer game, but have persisted today because of the higher latency of most
Internet connections and the costs associated with broadband Internet.
1198:
of
Electronic Arts reported that customers used computers for games more than one fifth of the time whether purchased for work or a hobby, with many who purchased computers for other reasons finding PC games "a pretty satisfying experience".
1162:
in 1984 reported that "in offices all over
America (more than anyone realizes) executives and managers are playing games on their computers", but software companies found selling games for the PC difficult; an observer said that year that
4874:
1952:, and the platform's hardware and software are constantly evolving. These factors make PC the centre of both hardware and software innovation. By comparison, closed platforms tend to remain much the same throughout their lifespan.
593:
being most interested in developing a game for the platform and 66% of developers currently developing a game for PC. In 2018, the global PC games market was valued at about $ 27.7 billion. According to research data provided by
1409:
reported that DOS accounted for 82% of computer-game sales in 1991, compared to Macintosh's 8% and Amiga's 5%. In response to a reader's challenge to find a DOS game that played better than the Amiga version the magazine cited
2576:, broadband Internet connections are generally considered necessary in order to reduce the latency or "lag" between players. Such connections require a broadband-compatible modem connected to the personal computer through a
1499:
reported in April 1994 that some software publishers planned to only distribute on CD as of 1995. CD-ROM had much larger storage capacity than floppies, helped reduce software piracy, and was less expensive to produce.
1250:". While some games were advertised with VGA support at the start of the year, they usually supported EGA graphics through VGA cards. By the end of 1989, however, most publishers moved to at supporting at least 320x200
602:
worldwide, up from 1.5 billion PC gaming users in the previous year. Newzoo reported that the PC gaming sector was the third-largest category across all platforms as of 2016, with the console sector second-largest, and
2869:"Global PC Games Market Analysis 2015-2019 with Forecasting to 2030: Revenue Breakdowns for Shooter, Action, Sport Games, Role-Playing, Adventure, Racing, Fighting, Strategy & Other Genres - ResearchAndMarkets.com"
2631:
makes them far more difficult to emulate, even for the original manufacturers. The most technically advanced consoles that can currently be successfully emulated for commercial games on PC are the PlayStation 2 using
2363:
for user input, but there are exceptions. During the 1990s, before the keyboard and mouse combination had become the method of choice for PC gaming input peripherals, there were other types of peripherals such as the
2081:
online store, was released in 2011 in order to compete with Steam and other digital distribution platforms on the PC. The period between 2004 and now saw the rise of many digital distribution services on PC, such as
2702:
is another cultural aspect of gaming to draw criticism as it can have a negative influence on health and on social relations. The problem of addiction and its health risks seems to have grown with the rise of
1575:
provided technical assistance to its writers to help install games for review, and published sample configuration files. The magazine advised non-technical gamers to purchase commercial memory managers like
4005:
will sell as much as a cartridge title would out in the open market. But even a hit title in the floppy disk market is a quarter million copies. (Cartridge game) Street Fighter II sold nine million copies
1340:, were below 10% and declining. Although both Apple and IBM tried to avoid customers associating their products with "game machines", the latter acknowledged that VGA, audio, and joystick options for its
2648:
is in development. Most emulation software mimics a particular hardware architecture, often to an extremely high degree of accuracy. This is particularly the case with classic home computers such as the
2588:. Online games require a virtual environment, generally called a "game server". These virtual servers inter-connect gamers, allowing real time, and often fast-paced action. To meet this subsequent need,
944:
As the American video game market became flooded with poor-quality cartridge games created by numerous companies attempting to enter the market, and overproduction of high-profile releases such as the
607:
sector biggest. 2.2 billion video gamers generate US$ 101.1 billion in revenue, excluding hardware costs. "Digital game revenues will account for $ 94.4 billion or 87% of the global gaming market. The
4903:
4766:
653:
in 1961, is often credited as being the second ever computer game. The game consisted of two player-controlled spaceships maneuvering around a central star, each attempting to destroy the other.
2125:
Valve does not release any sales figures on its Steam service, instead it only provides the data to companies with games on Steam, which they cannot release without permission due to signing a
4969:
615:
alone accounts for half of APAC's revenues (at $ 24.4 billion), cementing its place as the largest video game market in the world, ahead of the US's anticipated market size of $ 23.5 billion.
2660:
Other projects aim to bring compatibility of older games and its features back to modern platforms such as WineVDM (for running 16-bit games on 64-bit Windows), nGlide (for enabling
1670:
matured and knocked proprietary interfaces out of the market, these platforms gained greater acceptance in the market, particularly with their demonstrated benefits in games such as
2382:
1430:
survey in April 1993 similarly found that 91% of readers primarily used IBM PCs and compatibles for gaming, compared to 6% for Amiga, 3% for Macintosh, and 1% for Atari ST, while a
1388:
in 1992, which helped to popularize the genre, kick-starting a genre that would become one of the highest-selling in modern times. The game was originally distributed through the
1358:, which was the company's first in their line of highly influential games in the genre. There were also several other companies that produced early first-person shooters, such as
4995:
4687:
2918:
4551:
2073:
operating system in 2010 and was released on Linux in 2012. By 2011, it controlled 70% of the market for downloadable PC games, with a userbase of about 40 million accounts.
1186:, caused prices to decline; by the end of 1986, the equivalent to a $ 1600 real IBM PC with 256K RAM and two disk drives cost as little as $ 600, lower than the price of the
3807:
2385:, which combined a trackball for looking / aiming, and a joystick for movement. Other common gaming peripherals are a headset for faster communication in online games,
2461:, a low-level API for certain models of AMD graphics cards, allowing for greater performance compared to software-level APIs such as DirectX, as well as simplifying
4653:
2615:, a DOS emulator which allows playing games developed originally for this operating system and thus not compatible with a modern-day OS. Console emulators such as
2829:
1863:
759:, but by this time, graphics were beginning to become an important factor in games. Later games combined textual commands with basic graphics, as seen in the SSI
2553:
adoption among consumers. Affordable high-bandwidth Internet connections allow large numbers of players to play together, and thus have found particular use in
2707:. Alongside the social and health problems associated with computer game addiction have grown similar worries about the effect of computer games on education.
1434:
study found that 74% of personal computers were IBMs or compatible, 10% Macintosh, 7% Apple II, and 8% other. 51% of IBM or compatible had 386 or faster CPUs.
2372:
5428:
4913:
1744:. Issues such as difficulty in ensuring consistent experiences for all players, and the uncertain benefit of first generation PhysX cards in games such as
1049:
4770:
1047:
experience with their unrealistic graphics and electronic sound, early PC games included extras such as the peril-sensitive sunglasses that shipped with
3606:
2040:
much more heavily. As publicly released development tools are rare, console mods usually refer to hardware alterations designed to remove restrictions.
4413:
3288:
2904:
589:
The uncoordinated nature of the PC game market makes precisely assessing its size difficult. PC remains the most important gaming platform with 60% of
307:
300:
5418:
5337:
4973:
4490:
4443:
3848:
2323:
and provide audio enhancement that is generally not available with integrated alternatives, at the cost of marginally lower overall performance. The
1993:
It is difficult, and in most situations ultimately impossible, to control the way in which PC hardware and software is used. This leads to far more
2069:
platform for Windows computers in 2003 as a means to distribute Valve-developed video games such as Half-Life 2. It would later see release on the
1303:
computers to produce complex sounds using FM synthesis, where they had previously been limited to simple tones and beeps. However, the rise of the
285:
4212:
1329:
In the late 80s and throughout the entire 1990s decade, DOS was one of the most popular gaming platforms in regions where it was officially sold.
1746:
1703:
technology resulted in increasing levels of realism in computer games. During this time, the improvements introduced with products such as ATI's
1874:
5423:
2554:
1392:, allowing players to try a limited part of the game for free but requiring payment to play the rest, and represented one of the first uses of
4365:
2607:
Emulation software, used to run software without the original hardware, are popular for their ability to play legacy video games without the
2375:
1533:
for the new peripherals further depleted scarce RAM. By 1993, PC games required much more memory than other software, often consuming all of
280:
1063:. These extras gradually became less common, but many games were still sold in the traditional oversized boxes that used to hold the extra "
755:
by Will Crowther in 1976, and expanded by Don Woods in 1977. By the 1980s, personal computers had become powerful enough to run games like
1473:
reiterated in 1994, "we have to advise readers who want a machine that will play most of the games to purchase high-end MS-DOS machines".
965:
posted record losses over subsequent years. Conversely, the home computer market boomed, as sales of low-cost color computers such as the
3821:
4268:
4001:
But the reality is, today's business is cartridge business. The difference in volume is about four to one per title. With exceptions—a
2973:
1239:
conference that the market for console games ($ 5.9 billion in revenue) was 12 times that of the computer-game market ($ 430 million).
1138:
that year stated that the computer's speed and sophistication made it "an excellent gaming device", and IBM and others sold games like
273:
4852:
3341:
993:
were successful in the European market, where the NES was not as successful despite its monopoly in Japan and North America. The only
4999:
4825:
4695:
4417:
3209:"The third member of the deadly troika that lays the videogame industry low is the home computer boom currently in full swing by 1984
2143:
reported that Steam sales constituted 50–70% of the $ 4 billion market for downloaded PC games and that Steam offered game producers
1469:
on the PC was a breakthrough in 3D graphics, and was soon ported to various game consoles in a general shift toward greater realism.
5050:
3499:
1563:
satirizes this by depicting two beautiful women exhaust the hero in bed, by requesting that he again explain the difference between
1512:
wrote in 1993 that "publishers may be losing their focus". While many companies used the additional storage to release poor-quality
4561:
3580:
3472:
2429:
family of operating systems. Whereas earlier games written for DOS would include code to communicate directly with hardware, today
1156:
owner estimated in 1983 that a quarter of corporate executives with computers "have a game hidden somewhere in their drawers", and
1075:
841:
2531:
and sufficient networking cables to connect every computer on the network. Additionally, each computer must have its own copy (or
4392:
994:
956:
611:
region was estimated to generate $ 46.6 billion in 2016, or 47% of total global video game revenues (note, not only "PC" games).
496:
290:
4927:
4599:
1504:
warned that it was "a data-intensive technology, not a process-intensive one", tempting developers to emphasize the quantity of
382:
5209:
4737:
5330:
3172:
2478:
2281:(GPU), which accelerates the process of drawing complex scenes in realtime. GPUs may be an integrated part of the computer's
1759:
Similarly, many game publishers began to experiment with new forms of marketing. Chief among these alternative strategies is
704:
427:
4512:
have now come to expect on the PC platform. A lot of these things are now features that Microsoft is planning to charge for.
2691:
concluding that video game violence increases children's aggression, a concern that prompted a further investigation by the
4528:
771:
1529:
Many companies sold "multimedia upgrade kits" that bundled CD drives, sound cards, and software during the mid-1990s, but
1203:
America were for the PC, twice as many as those for the Apple II and even outselling those for the Commodore 64. With the
3373:
Vintage Game Consoles: An Inside Look at Apple, Atari, Commodore, Nintendo, and the Greatest Gaming Platforms of All Time
2653:, whose software often depends on highly sophisticated low-level programming tricks invented by game programmers and the
2049:
1217:
By 1988, the enormous popularity of the Nintendo Entertainment System had greatly affected the computer-game industry. A
2798:
5205:
4744:
3780:
3381:
3192:
2688:
2137:, estimated that, as of 2009, Steam had a 70% share of the digital distribution market for video games. In early 2011,
2119:
1994:
1210:, an inexpensive clone had better graphics and more memory for games than the Commodore or Apple, and the Tandy 1000's
742:, in which the player communicated with the computer by entering commands through a keyboard. An early text-adventure,
712:
5290:
2919:"New Gaming Boom: Newzoo Ups Its 2017 Global Games Market Estimate to $ 116.0Bn Growing to $ 143.5Bn in 2020 | Newzoo"
1792:
PCs may possess varying processing resources of video gaming systems. Game developers may integrate options to adjust
1773:
took advantage of the idea, with mixed results rising from concerns for the amount of content provided for the price.
1167:
had sold hundreds of thousands of copies because customers with corporate PCs could claim that it was a "simulation".
5413:
3738:
2982:
2025:) in order to encourage modding, but if a game is popular enough mods generally arise even without official support.
1936:
if need be. Conversely, newer games can often be run on older systems by reducing the games' fidelity, scale or both.
1892:
55:
4654:"Red Orchestra dev on mod tools: "I never understand why companies effectively block people from doing that stuff.""
5323:
4244:
1487:
sales. A hit PC game typically sold about 250,000 disks at the time, while a hit console game typically sold about
864:
848:
268:
4317:
2334:
standard for sound cards, although its popularity dwindled as PC audio became a commodity on modern motherboards.
837:
which was sold to the public. First sold in 1977, Microchess eventually sold over 50,000 copies on cassette tape.
5475:
2285:, the most common solution in laptops, or come packaged with a discrete graphics card with a supply of dedicated
2016:
The openness of the PC platform allows players to edit or modify their games and distribute the results over the
1431:
1236:
1001:. Meanwhile, in Japan, both consoles and computers became major industries, with the console market dominated by
950:
295:
4668:
4464:
1557:
files for memory management cumbersome and confusing, and each game needed a different configuration. (The game
5151:
2410:
1767:, in which game content is provided in smaller quantities but for a proportionally lower price. Titles such as
1501:
1364:
1034:
312:
4151:
4132:
4106:
4087:
4057:
4039:
4018:
3974:
3927:
3900:
3874:
3693:
3640:
5465:
3754:
3666:
3614:
3553:
3526:
3443:
1638:
1067:". Today, such extras are usually found only in Special Edition versions of games, such as Battlechests from
982:
809:
3292:
3061:
3029:
2850:
2473:
consoles, which are both built upon AMD hardware. It is not unusual for a game company to use a third-party
1463:
PC processor ran much faster, allowing it to perform many more calculations per second. The 1993 release of
5408:
3000:"Somewhere Nearby is Colossal Cave: Examining Will Crowther's Original 'Adventure' in Code and in Kentucky"
2215:
667:
4498:
3852:
5470:
5403:
2692:
2437:
is an API that is widely used by today's computer games to communicate with sound and graphics hardware.
1793:
1559:
1412:
1044:
4421:
2535:) of the game in order to play. Optionally, any LAN may include an external connection to the Internet.
1520:—often with what the magazine mocked as "amateur acting" in the added audio and video—new games such as
1214:, and built-in joystick ports made it the best platform for IBM PC-compatible games before the VGA era.
981:
The North American console market experienced a resurgence in the United States with the release of the
4222:
4179:
1786:
1251:
1140:
1107:
823:
and played, encouraging readers to submit their own software to competitions. Players could modify the
528:
256:
3256:
365:
261:
4804:"Rage Will Look Worse on 360 Due to Compression; Doom 4 and Rage Not Likely for Digital Distribution"
2512:
2290:
2037:
1418:
1204:
420:
2999:
1152:
were poor, however, and most customers bought the powerful but expensive computer for business. One
4942:
4494:
4448:
4397:
2677:
2278:
2126:
1998:
1769:
1672:
1315:
1287:
began manufacturing FM synth boards for computers in the early-mid-1980s, and by 1985, the NEC and
1273:
939:
571:
484:
348:
343:
116:
4369:
2886:
1867:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
1254:, a subset of VGA. VGA gave the PC graphics that outmatched the Amiga. Increasing adoption of the
4803:
2337:
2302:
2255:
2185:
2083:
1733:
1700:
1022:
744:
555:
535:
516:
214:
94:
4272:
2297:
port. It is also possible to use multiple GPUs in a single computer, using technologies such as
1221:
executive claimed that "Nintendo's success has destroyed the software entertainment market". A
985:(NES). In Europe, computer gaming continued to boom for many years after. Computers such as the
5271:
2577:
2504:
2263:
1465:
1336:
was 65% of the computer-game market, with the Amiga at 10%; all other computers, including the
1211:
1145:
1068:
920:
879:
624:
372:
325:
5022:
4709:
3785:
3730:
3448:
3417:
3371:
3125:
3085:
3066:
3037:
2520:
2516:
2319:
are also available to provide improved audio in computer games. These cards provide improved
1797:
1542:
1311:
1123:
868:
815:
635:
508:
353:
219:
194:
99:
5227:
2254:
Modern computer games place great demand on the computer's hardware, often requiring a fast
1829:
5440:
5297:
4672:
2699:
2559:
2267:
2199:
2029:
1833:
1805:
1726:
in computer games has become a matter of debate since announcement and 2005 release of the
1680:
operating system, by then the market leader, made many older DOS-based games unplayable on
1369:
1349:
1310:
card, released in 1989, which featured much higher sound quality due to the inclusion of a
1279:
Further improvements to game artwork and audio were made possible with the introduction of
1247:
1183:
590:
567:
512:
413:
337:
249:
162:
2274:, allowing the use of more complex graphics, artificial intelligence and in-game physics.
8:
5435:
5107:
5060:
3825:
2565:
2422:
2115:
1781:
The defining characteristic of the PC platform is the absence of centralized control, an
1659:
1630:
simplified device driver and memory management. The success of 3D console titles such as
1534:
1232:
1222:
1132:, which IBM described as bringing "players into a fantasy world of caves and treasures".
1128:
739:
574:, and PC games have been a major influencing factor for the development and marketing of
519:. Personal computers as well as general computer software are considered synonymous with
389:
332:
236:
133:
5249:
4295:
4198:
3803:
2742:
2724:
2608:
2585:
2550:
2532:
2528:
2508:
2433:
provide an interface between the game and the OS, simplifying game design. Microsoft's
2425:
and more to run. Today, the vast majority of computer games are designed to run on the
2271:
2270:. These processors allow the computer to simultaneously process multiple tasks, called
2262:
to improve the performance of their processors, but had begun to move steadily towards
2258:(CPU) to function properly. CPU manufacturers historically relied mainly on increasing
2220:
2134:
2011:
1949:
1837:
1373:
1284:
1102:
became popular in Japan. The Amiga, X68000 and FM Towns were capable of producing near
1059:
1030:
1018:
844:
725:
682:
539:
89:
5362:
5183:
4970:"The PA Report – Why it's time to grow up and start ignoring the monthly NPD reports"
4617:
3734:
3377:
3222:
3168:
3135:
3095:
2978:
2426:
2356:
2235:
2225:
2156:
2062:
1817:
1677:
1627:
1601:
1538:
1517:
1398:
1300:
1175:
1103:
1091:
1026:
860:
583:
559:
551:
520:
469:
457:
360:
224:
209:
79:
3953:
3315:
2943:
2549:
Online multiplayer games have achieved popularity largely as a result of increasing
1017:(1982). A key difference between Western and Japanese computers at the time was the
566:
become the most popular operating system for PC games in the 2000s. Games utilizing
5213:
4904:"Paradox sales are 90% digital, "we don't really need retailers any more" says CEO"
4748:
3164:
3090:
2752:
2623:
are relatively commonplace, although the complexity of modern consoles such as the
2414:
2390:
2306:
2175:
2074:
1752:
1741:
1712:
1378:
926:, despite some of these predating Atari's exclusive rights to the home versions of
856:
765:
690:
658:
394:
175:
38:
5298:"Tom Maher discusses the effects of computer game addiction on classroom teaching"
3398:
1722:
Unlike the generally accepted push for improved graphical performance, the use of
4881:
4691:
3992:
2737:
2445:
API for graphics rendering that is also used. The version of the graphics card's
2320:
2195:
2162:
2078:
2066:
1917:
1870:
1760:
1651:
1568:
1564:
1393:
1264:
1134:
1054:
970:
820:
732:
106:
5210:"Violent Video Games – Psychologists Help Protect Children from Harmful Effects"
4536:
3755:"Fusion, Transfusion or Confusion / Future Directions In Computer Entertainment"
2167:
72:
4996:"Garry's Mod Breaks 1 Million Sold, First Peek At Sales Chart – Voodoo Extreme"
4785:
3718:
2747:
2624:
2442:
2394:
2360:
2240:
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2189:
1813:
1764:
1723:
1632:
1585:
1384:
1359:
1337:
1259:
1255:
889:
803:
By the late 1970s to early 1980s, games were developed and distributed through
797:
783:
735:
674:
547:
543:
199:
4631:
2572:
Although it is possible to participate in online computer games using dial-up
1646:
on PCs, and soon resulted in attempts to produce affordable products with the
1110:
graphics and sound quality when they first released in the mid-to-late 1980s.
662:
was one of the first game playing machines developed. It was built in 1950 by
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3099:
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2641:
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2209:
1948:
One does not need to ask for permission to release or update a PC game or to
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1782:
1530:
1505:
1484:
1439:
1307:
1304:
1119:
998:
834:
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703:, debuted in 1952. Another pioneer computer game was developed in 1961, when
678:
575:
524:
480:
479:
Mainframe and minicomputer games are a precursor to personal computer games.
140:
3790:
3667:"The Shadow of Your Style / New Directions at the Consumer Electronics Show"
3257:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier Retro Japanese Computers"
3196:
2905:"The Global Games Market 2017 — Per Region & Segment — Newzoo"
1021:, with Japanese systems using a higher resolution of 640x400 to accommodate
673:
Although personal computers only became popular with the development of the
464:
has been popularly used since the 1990s referring specifically to games on "
5398:
5393:
5367:
4714:
4613:
4584:
4444:"DICE on cutting Battlefield 3 console content: 'We're not evil or stupid'"
4321:
2732:
2650:
2482:
2458:
2144:
2099:
2056:
1841:
1643:
1606:
1553:
1481:
1354:
1323:
1280:
1227:
1153:
966:
752:
686:
608:
511:. They are enjoying a resurgence in popularity since the mid-2000s through
492:
399:
187:
150:
128:
84:
5315:
4943:"Digital charts won't pick up Steam | Games industry news | MCV"
5372:
4767:"Download distribution opening new doors for independent game developers"
3272:
2684:
2661:
2628:
2589:
2581:
2544:
2474:
2294:
2282:
2180:
2022:
1825:
1719:. PC gaming currently tends strongly toward improvements in 3D graphics.
1716:
1704:
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912:
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377:
229:
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182:
123:
5129:
1322:
computer included built-in PCM sound, in addition to a CD-ROM drive and
5165:
5082:
3999:. Vol. 10. BAM Publications, Incorporated. July 1993. p. 74.
2799:"Back to the bedroom: how indie gaming is reviving the Britsoft spirit"
2368:
2316:
2259:
2107:
1920:
fees. Games and services are cheaper at every level, and many are free.
1809:
1737:
1685:
1681:
1547:
1513:
1456:
1292:
1207:
1179:
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and allowed more detailed graphics. Japanese computers were also using
945:
829:
708:
453:
155:
111:
63:
1299:'s Music Synthesizer Card, soon appeared in 1987. These cards allowed
578:. Emulators are able to play games developed for other platforms. The
5027:
4807:
4344:
4249:
4217:
3130:
2654:
2611:
for which they were designed. The operating system emulators include
2499:
2286:
2229:
1789:
devices, to an extent) are owned and administered by a single group.
1444:
1389:
1187:
1158:
1087:
990:
717:
645:
579:
2036:
Modding has a different connotation on consoles which are typically
1588:'s "infamous late and unlamented Voodoo Memory Manager", which used
4908:
2616:
2602:
2470:
2450:
2386:
2379:
2365:
2130:
2095:
2087:
2070:
2017:
1933:
1689:
1655:
1647:
1452:
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1319:
1272:
displays allowed the industry to include increasingly high-quality
1099:
1083:
1002:
884:
793:
760:
666:. It measured more than four meters tall, and was displayed at the
595:
563:
20:
5228:"Senate bill mandates CDC investigation into video game violence"
5055:
4738:"2012 Essential facts About the computer and Video game industry"
3158:
2948:
2665:
2462:
2434:
2398:
2103:
1821:
1663:
1480:
games had a sales volume equivalent to about one-quarter that of
1191:
1064:
901:
873:
852:
43:
30:
4552:"Valve and Blizzard Defend PC Platform, Diss Console Flexiblity"
2683:
influence of objectionable content on the social development of
2527:
LAN gaming typically requires two or more personal computers, a
1840:
games on PC great speed and accuracy. Users may use third-party
1495:
CD-ROM drives by the end of 1993, an increase of almost 2,000%.
4830:
2704:
2612:
2438:
2341:
2298:
2139:
1727:
1708:
1693:
1667:
1618:
1581:
1269:
1095:
847:
at the time, early home computer game companies capitalized on
749:
599:
465:
5204:
1932:
PC games decades old can be played on modern systems, through
1426:
merely reflects the realities of the market". A self-reported
1318:, led AdLib to file for bankruptcy by 1992. Also in 1989, the
4107:"Memory Management and System Configuration for MS-DOS Games"
3607:"Electronic Arts Reaffirms Commitment to Disk-Based Software"
2645:
2633:
2573:
2348:
2344:
1832:
are also available. The mouse in particular lends players of
1730:
1715:
have allowed developers to increase the complexity of modern
1622:
PC Game logo found on most contemporary box arts and trailers
1296:
1079:
962:
927:
824:
804:
722:
700:
650:
612:
473:
5130:"X-Fi and the Elite Pro: SoundBlaster's Return to Greatness"
640:
3641:"The Software Publishing Association Spring Symposium 1993"
3369:
2637:
2620:
2091:
1864:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1577:
1522:
1460:
1448:
1288:
1218:
476:
hardware) which has dominated the computer industry since.
1246:
reported that "the industry is moving toward heavy use of
527: – smartphones and tablets, such as those running on
4614:"Alien Swarm Game & Source SDK Release Coming Monday"
2705:
massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs)
2454:
2430:
1611:
1333:
1006:
532:
5051:"Steam Experiences Another Year of Sales Growth in 2011"
5023:"Stardock Reveals Impulse, Steam Market Share Estimates"
2944:"What was the first video game, who invented it and why"
1756:, prompted arguments over the value of such technology.
1526:
included many more assets for a richer game experience.
538: – are also PCs in the general sense as opposed to
3473:"The MS-DOS Invasion / IBM Compatibles Are Coming Home"
2887:"Number of PC gaming users worldwide from 2008 to 2024"
2147:
of 70% of purchase price, compared with 30% at retail.
1916:
Prices are kept down by competition and the absence of
546:. Historically, it also included games on systems from
5220:
4600:"DayZ Helps Arma 2 Rack Up More Than 300,000 In Sales"
4318:"AGEIA PhysX PPU Videos – Ghost Recon and Cell Factor"
3822:"Analysts: FPS 'Most Attractive' Genre for Publishers"
3126:"Atari acts in an attempt to scuttle software pirates"
5152:"AMD's Mantle API Gives Devs Direct Hardware Control"
5122:
4393:"Console Battlefield 3 is 720p, 30fps. DICE explains"
2714:
1242:
However, computer games did not disappear. By 1989,
1113:
973:
benefited from increasing interest in the platform.
919:
attempted to take legal action against unauthorized
4819:
4817:
4529:"Is PC Gaming Really More Expensive Than Consoles?"
4269:"Brief Glimpse into the Future of 3D Game Graphics"
2771:
Computer game may also be a synonym for video game.
5102:
5100:
4591:
4204:
4019:"Software Publishing Association Unveils New Data"
3527:"Titans of the Computer Gaming World / MicroProse"
3079:
3077:
2828:
1094:became popular in North America, while the PC-98,
731:The first generation of computer games were often
4296:"Tim Sweeney ponders the future of physics cards"
4149:
3925:
3638:
3159:Charles W. L. Hill & Gareth R. Jones (2007),
2289:, connected to the motherboard through either an
1508:like art and music over the quality of gameplay;
1455:console systems kept their CPU speed at 3–7
19:"PC games" redirects here. For the magazine, see
5457:
4814:
4702:
4358:
4309:
4262:
4260:
4081:
4079:
3717:
3470:
3365:
3363:
2664:to other video cards), IPXWrapper (for enabling
2515:became available, due to their typically higher
2449:installed can often affect game performance and
2171:An exploded view of a modern personal computer:
2043:
976:
778:
598:in 2020 there were an estimated 1.75 billion PC
5097:
5075:
4928:"Valve: no Steam data for digital sales charts"
4336:
3634:
3632:
3524:
3339:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3074:
2555:massively multiplayer online role-playing games
1699:The faster graphics accelerators and improving
1422:, and added that "The heavy MS-DOS emphasis in
1178:from American and Asian companies, such as the
933:
905:was ported to the Atari 8-bit computers, while
629:
5250:"Judge rules against Louisiana video game law"
4606:
4287:
3967:
3919:
3840:
3578:
3464:
3333:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3083:
3022:
1812:games. The most common forms of input are the
1291:computers had built-in FM sound. The first PC
5331:
5264:
5176:
4796:
4257:
4125:
4104:
4098:
4076:
3893:
3691:
3572:
3545:
3497:
3390:
3360:
3223:"IGN Presents the History of SEGA: World War"
3193:"Player 3 Stage 6: The Great Videogame Crash"
3053:
3030:"Computer Gaming World's RobotWar Tournament"
2851:"The Most Important Gaming Platforms in 2019"
2823:
2821:
2819:
2277:Similarly, 3D games often rely on a powerful
821:game code that could be typed into a computer
421:
16:Electronic game played on a personal computer
4786:"Is Blu-ray really a good medium for games?"
4345:"PhysX Performance Update: City of Villains"
4143:
4050:
4034:
4032:
3946:
3629:
3551:
3518:
3491:
3452:(panel discussion). October 1984. p. 30
3409:
3254:
3161:Strategic management: an integrated approach
3123:
3112:
2997:
2970:
2493:
1747:Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter
1610:Logo used by majority of PC games sold in a
969:rose to record highs and developers such as
5345:
5242:
4462:
3554:"Titans of the Computer Gaming World / SSI"
3415:
3241:
3220:
3134:, vol. 3, no. 28, pp. 28–9,
3094:, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 41–2,
2133:, the previous owner of competing platform
2059:which most other gaming platforms rely on.
1776:
997:to have any success in Europe would be the
5338:
5324:
5108:"Platform Trends: Mobile Graphics Heat Up"
4730:
4213:"Getting Older Games to Run on Windows XP"
3685:
3581:"Just Kids' Play or Computer in Disguise?"
2974:Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution
2816:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2580:(generally integrated onto the computer's
428:
414:
4777:
4710:"Judge deems PS2 mod chips illegal in UK"
4576:
4522:
4520:
4029:
4011:
3867:
3747:
3659:
3599:
3436:
2991:
2431:application programming interfaces (APIs)
1956:There are also disadvantages, including:
1893:Learn how and when to remove this message
1595:
1584:and criticized nonstandard software like
4895:
4853:"40 Million Active Gamers on Steam Mark"
4624:
4482:
4456:
4405:
4366:"Half Life 2: Episode One for PC Review"
3813:
3613:. March 1990. p. 14. Archived from
3376:. CRC Press. pp. 85, 89–92, 96–97.
3307:
3187:
3185:
3183:
2964:
2477:, or third-party libraries for a game's
2166:
1763:, an adaptation of the older concept of
1617:
1605:
1382:in 1989. Id Software went on to develop
782:
639:
29:
5048:
4967:
4940:
4783:
4679:
4660:
4543:
4266:
4152:"The Sub-Standard In Computer software"
4085:
3819:
3396:
3280:
3059:
2785:
2355:Virtually all personal computers use a
2150:
1396:graphics in a popular game, along with
5458:
4901:
4758:
4646:
4517:
4488:
4411:
4384:
4315:
4293:
4210:
4191:
3370:Loguidice, Bill; Barton, Matt (2014).
2796:
827:source code of even commercial games.
5319:
5020:
5014:
4685:
4666:
4597:
4582:
4549:
4436:
4342:
4058:"Forging Ahead or Fit to be Smashed?"
3500:"MS-DOS Takes Charge of Fun Software"
3180:
3084:Earl g. Graves, Ltd (December 1982),
2936:
1785:; all other gaming platforms (except
1537:, while device drivers could go into
1258:, driven partially by the success of
1174:described as a "wave" of inexpensive
1005:and the computer market dominated by
883:, while the top-selling game for the
807:groups and gaming magazines, such as
5083:"Xbox 360 designed to be unhackable"
4764:
4686:Kalms, Mikael (September 20, 2010).
4669:"Mods And Ends: Grand Theft Auto IV"
4526:
4390:
4267:Necasek, Michal (October 30, 2006).
3820:Cifaldi, Frank (February 21, 2006).
3313:
2563:and persistent online games such as
1905:The advantages of openness include:
1846:
1518:"enhanced" versions of existing ones
1050:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
5166:"Steam: Game and Player Statistics"
4875:"PDF E3 2011 Investor Presentation"
4150:Wilson, Johnny L. (December 1993).
3926:McDonald, T. Liam (November 1992).
2636:, and the Nintendo Wii U using the
2050:Digital distribution of video games
1662:. As 3D graphics libraries such as
1626:By 1996, the growing popularity of
728:used for statistical calculations.
483:games became popular following the
13:
5206:American Psychological Association
5049:Periera, Chris (January 6, 2012).
4972:. Penny-arcade.com. Archived from
4823:
4745:Entertainment Software Association
4412:Warner, Mark (November 23, 2011).
4245:"Run Older Programs on Windows XP"
3981:. January 1994. pp. 120, 122.
3711:
3471:Halfhill, Tom R. (December 1986).
3444:"The CGW Computer Game Conference"
3286:
3124:John Markoff (November 30, 1981),
2797:Stuart, Keith (January 27, 2010).
2689:American Psychological Association
2488:
2001:than closed platforms suffer from.
1516:collections of older software, or
14:
5487:
5272:"Detox For Video Game Addiction?"
5021:Graft, Kris (November 19, 2009).
4784:Kuchera, Ben (January 17, 2007).
4343:Smith, Ryan (September 7, 2006).
4211:Durham, Joel Jr. (May 14, 2006).
3901:"What You've Been Playing Lately"
3846:
3525:Brooks, M. Evan (November 1987).
3340:Williams, Gregg (December 1981).
3086:"Cash In On the Video Game Craze"
2687:, with organizations such as the
1114:Growth of IBM PC compatible games
961:as established companies such as
4583:Ghazi, Koroush (December 2010).
4527:Lane, Rick (December 13, 2011).
4187:. February 1997. pp. 54–63.
2717:
2005:
1851:
1676:. However, major changes to the
1644:hardware accelerated 3D graphics
1344:computer were popular. In 1991,
689:had previously already existed.
54:
5198:
5158:
5144:
5042:
4988:
4961:
4941:Parfitt, Ben (April 21, 2011).
4934:
4920:
4867:
4845:
4769:. Statesman.com. Archived from
4667:Smith, Adam (October 7, 2011).
4598:Usher, William (July 1, 2012).
4414:"Tweaking Skyrim Image Quality"
4294:Reimer, Jeremy (May 14, 2006).
4237:
4170:
4040:"Invasion Of The Data Stashers"
3985:
3797:
3773:
3692:Sipe, Russell (November 1992).
3639:Wilson, Johnny L. (June 1993).
3214:
3195:. April 7, 1999. Archived from
3152:
3062:"Tanktics: Review and Analysis"
2593:hosted in North America alone.
2538:
2028:Mods can compete with official
1432:Software Publishers Association
1237:Software Publishers Association
833:was one of the first games for
4998:. Ve3d.ign.com. Archived from
4855:. Gaming Bolt. January 6, 2012
4765:Garr, Brian (April 17, 2011).
4632:"Quake 3 Source Code Released"
4550:Bertz, Matt (March 13, 2010).
4201:, Gamespot.com, June 10, 1998.
3397:Solomon, Abby (October 1983).
3221:Travis Fahs (April 21, 2009).
2911:
2897:
2879:
2861:
2843:
2765:
2671:
1262:such as the highly successful
1086:became popular in Europe, the
819:. These publications provided
582:originated from computer game
487:. In the 1990s, PC games lost
1:
4968:Kuchera, Ben (July 2, 2012).
4826:"The Master of Online Mayhem"
4046:. April 1994. pp. 20–42.
3416:Mace, Scott (April 2, 1984).
3060:Proctor, Bob (January 1982).
2778:
2584:), optionally separated by a
2511:(LANs) before cost-effective
2044:Digital distribution services
1170:From mid-1985, however, what
983:Nintendo Entertainment System
977:Growth of home computer games
779:Early personal computer games
4902:Senior, Tom (July 6, 2011).
4747:. March 2012. Archived from
4656:. PCGamesN. October 8, 2012.
4463:Joe Fielder (May 12, 2000).
4316:Shrout, Ryan (May 2, 2006).
3881:. December 1992. p. 122
3579:Ferrell, Keith (July 1989).
3004:Digital Humanities Quarterly
2596:
2409:Computer games also rely on
2330:line was for many years the
1736:, ostensibly competing with
1390:shareware distribution model
1268:series, and high resolution
934:Industry crash and aftermath
668:Canadian National Exhibition
630:Mainframes and minicomputers
570:generally require a form of
7:
4391:Ivan, Tom (June 20, 2011).
4368:. June 2006. Archived from
4139:. January 1994. p. 34.
4105:Weksler, Mike (June 1993).
4086:Weksler, Mike (June 1994).
3928:"Links 386 Pro from Access"
3761:. December 1990. p. 26
3552:Proctor, Bob (March 1988).
3498:Keiser, Gregg (June 1988).
3399:"Games Businesspeople Play"
2710:
2693:Centers for Disease Control
2590:Game Server Providers (GSP)
2404:
2249:
1808:amount is also possible in
1560:Les Manley in: Lost in L.A.
1437:By 1992, DOS games such as
707:students Martin Graetz and
10:
5492:
3729:(1st ed.). New York:
3342:"New Games New Directions"
3316:"IBM PC Announcement 1981"
3041:. October 1982. p. 17
2977:. Anchor Press/Doubleday.
2675:
2600:
2542:
2497:
2160:
2154:
2047:
2009:
1599:
1545:. Players found modifying
1141:Microsoft Flight Simulator
937:
633:
622:
618:
281:Longest-running franchises
18:
5386:
5355:
5351:
4585:"PC Game Piracy Examined"
3977:. Letters from Paradise.
3907:. April 1993. p. 176
2513:broadband Internet access
2494:Local area network gaming
2401:for console-style games.
1025:, which in turn affected
291:Games considered the best
4688:"So how about modtools?"
4495:Next Generation Magazine
4449:Computer and Video Games
4398:Computer and Video Games
4064:. April 1993. p. 24
2758:
2678:Video game controversies
2338:Physics processing units
2279:graphics processing unit
2127:non-disclosure agreement
1777:Platform characteristics
1770:Half-Life 2: Episode One
1447:graphics. While leading
1316:digital signal processor
1212:enhanced graphics, sound
940:Video game crash of 1983
748:, was developed for the
572:graphics processing unit
517:online service providers
485:video game crash of 1983
286:Most-played mobile games
5346:Video games by platform
4497:podcast. Archived from
4158:(editorial). p. 10
4025:. May 1994. p. 12.
3320:Dan Bricklin's Web Site
2507:was largely limited to
2303:Scalable Link Interface
2256:central processing unit
2084:Amazon Digital Services
2077:, a new version of the
1981:developer kit profits).
1975:Increased hardware cost
1368:, which featured fully
849:successful arcade games
556:Commodore International
5476:Video game terminology
5170:store.steampowered.com
4698:on September 23, 2010.
3673:. July 1989. p. 4
2578:network interface card
2397:for driving games and
2246:
2120:are a matter of debate
1950:modify an existing one
1873:by rewriting it in an
1642:increased interest in
1623:
1615:
1596:Contemporary PC gaming
1194:from other computers.
1057:novella included with
1040:from the early 1980s.
800:
654:
625:History of video games
442:personal computer game
48:
5154:. September 26, 2013.
4539:on December 13, 2011.
4424:on September 17, 2019
4372:on September 24, 2009
4324:on September 29, 2010
4156:Computer Gaming World
4137:Computer Gaming World
4111:Computer Gaming World
4092:Computer Gaming World
4062:Computer Gaming World
4044:Computer Gaming World
4023:Computer Gaming World
3979:Computer Gaming World
3932:Computer Gaming World
3905:Computer Gaming World
3879:Computer Gaming World
3759:Computer Gaming World
3697:Computer Gaming World
3694:"3900 Games Later..."
3671:Computer Gaming World
3645:Computer Gaming World
3611:Computer Gaming World
3558:Computer Gaming World
3531:Computer Gaming World
3449:Computer Gaming World
3259:. Hardcore Gaming 101
3067:Computer Gaming World
3038:Computer Gaming World
2998:Jerz, Dennis (2007).
2971:Levy, Steven (1984).
2415:operating system (OS)
2170:
2129:with Valve. However,
2118:(the ethics of which
1927:Increased flexibility
1911:Reduced software cost
1621:
1609:
1573:Computer Gaming World
1510:Computer Gaming World
1497:Computer Gaming World
1471:Computer Gaming World
1428:Computer Gaming World
1407:Computer Gaming World
1370:3D polygonal graphics
1244:Computer Gaming World
1124:IBM Personal Computer
911:was licensed for the
869:Atari 8-bit computers
816:Computer Gaming World
786:
681:, computer gaming on
643:
636:Early mainframe games
33:
5466:Video game platforms
5387:Related technologies
4916:on January 14, 2013.
4673:Rock, Paper, Shotgun
4489:Sweeny, Tim (2007).
3418:"Games with windows"
2893:. November 24, 2022.
2839:. November 17, 2012.
2700:Video game addiction
2413:software such as an
2340:(PPUs), such as the
2151:PC gaming technology
2030:downloadable content
1962:Increased complexity
1943:Increased innovation
1834:first-person shooter
1742:Havok physics engine
1350:first-person shooter
1274:graphical interfaces
1184:Leading Edge Model D
649:, developed for the
513:digital distribution
163:Virtual reality game
4754:on January 2, 2013.
4275:on October 11, 2011
3849:"Masters of "Doom""
3793:on January 1, 2014.
3295:on October 12, 2007
2875:. November 7, 2019.
2830:"Japan fights back"
2566:World War II Online
2509:local area networks
2373:First-Person Gaming
1543:DOS memory managers
1535:conventional memory
1233:ASCII Entertainment
1129:Microsoft Adventure
845:video game consoles
740:interactive fiction
711:, with MIT student
695:, an adaptation of
134:Social-network game
117:Electronic handheld
5471:Personal computing
5356:Hardware platforms
5216:on August 3, 2008.
4773:on April 21, 2011.
4587:. TweakGuides.com.
4491:"Next-Gen podcast"
4088:"CDs On A ROMpage"
3975:"Sound Philosophy"
3855:on August 13, 2007
3255:John Szczepaniak.
3199:on January 5, 2013
2743:Video game console
2725:Video games portal
2505:Multiplayer gaming
2247:
2221:Optical disc drive
2012:Mod (video gaming)
1934:emulation software
1875:encyclopedic style
1862:is written like a
1838:real-time strategy
1830:motion controllers
1688:(without using an
1624:
1616:
1405:In December 1992,
1348:produced an early
1106:-quality hardware
1092:IBM PC compatibles
1019:display resolution
899:. That same year,
861:arcade video games
810:Creative Computing
801:
726:mainframe computer
655:
444:, also known as a
308:Negative reception
269:Best-selling games
49:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5409:Geolocation-based
5378:Personal computer
5184:"Xbox 360 Review"
4930:. April 21, 2011.
4810:. August 1, 2008.
4564:on April 25, 2013
4225:on April 20, 2007
4094:. pp. 36–40.
3954:"Console history"
3725:(November 1998).
3174:978-0-618-89469-7
3070:. pp. 17–20.
2857:. March 18, 2019.
2668:based LAN play).
2427:Microsoft Windows
2391:flight simulators
2352:to use the card.
2226:Secondary storage
2157:Personal computer
1903:
1902:
1895:
1796:, framerate, and
1794:screen resolution
1678:Microsoft Windows
1628:Microsoft Windows
1602:Games for Windows
1399:Ultima Underworld
1301:IBM PC compatible
1276:in new releases.
1226:the console, and
1126:(PC) in 1981 was
1027:video game design
865:top-selling games
851:at the time with
842:second-generation
560:Microsoft Windows
552:Atari Corporation
521:IBM PC compatible
470:Microsoft Windows
458:personal computer
438:
437:
80:Arcade video game
5483:
5353:
5352:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5317:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5230:. September 2006
5224:
5218:
5217:
5212:. Archived from
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5104:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5059:. Archived from
5046:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4976:on March 6, 2013
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4912:. Archived from
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4879:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4824:Chiang, Oliver.
4821:
4812:
4811:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4762:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4742:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4694:. Archived from
4683:
4677:
4676:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4620:. July 16, 2010.
4610:
4604:
4603:
4595:
4589:
4588:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4560:. Archived from
4547:
4541:
4540:
4535:. Archived from
4524:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4452:. July 26, 2011.
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4420:. Archived from
4409:
4403:
4402:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4320:. Archived from
4313:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4271:. Archived from
4264:
4255:
4254:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4221:. Archived from
4208:
4202:
4199:Review of Unreal
4197:Shamma, Tahsin.
4195:
4189:
4188:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3851:. Archived from
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3828:on June 27, 2022
3824:. Archived from
3817:
3811:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3789:. Archived from
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3636:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3617:on April 5, 2016
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3291:. Archived from
3284:
3278:
3277:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3252:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3189:
3178:
3177:
3165:Cengage Learning
3156:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3121:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3091:Black Enterprise
3081:
3072:
3071:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3034:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2825:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2794:
2772:
2769:
2753:List of PC games
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2465:to and from the
2453:. In late 2013,
1988:Reduced security
1898:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1820:combination and
1753:City of Villains
1713:GeForce 6 series
1660:Rendition Vérité
1556:
1550:
1490:
1379:Day of the Viper
1165:Flight Simulator
915:. In late 1981,
796:), a text-based
766:Pool of Radiance
659:Bertie the Brain
497:fifth generation
430:
423:
416:
296:Game of the Year
262:highest-grossing
195:Action-adventure
100:Handheld console
58:
51:
50:
39:video game clone
5491:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5445:
5441:Virtual reality
5382:
5347:
5344:
5314:
5313:
5303:
5301:
5296:
5295:
5291:
5281:
5279:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5255:
5253:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5203:
5199:
5189:
5187:
5186:. November 2005
5182:
5181:
5177:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5135:
5133:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5110:. December 2005
5106:
5105:
5098:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5063:on May 26, 2012
5047:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
5002:on May 30, 2013
4994:
4993:
4989:
4979:
4977:
4966:
4962:
4952:
4950:
4939:
4935:
4926:
4925:
4921:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4882:Electronic Arts
4877:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4834:
4822:
4815:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4782:
4778:
4763:
4759:
4751:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4719:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4692:Electronic Arts
4684:
4680:
4665:
4661:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4602:. Cinema Blend.
4596:
4592:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4548:
4544:
4525:
4518:
4504:
4502:
4501:on May 14, 2013
4487:
4483:
4473:
4471:
4461:
4457:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4425:
4410:
4406:
4389:
4385:
4375:
4373:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4337:
4327:
4325:
4314:
4310:
4300:
4298:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4265:
4258:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4228:
4226:
4209:
4205:
4196:
4192:
4183:. No. 26.
4180:Next Generation
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4148:
4144:
4133:"Load For Bear"
4131:
4130:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4103:
4099:
4084:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4002:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3958:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3924:
3920:
3910:
3908:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3847:James, Wagner.
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3818:
3814:
3802:
3798:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3741:
3733:. p. 551.
3719:Jennings, Peter
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3674:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3637:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3496:
3492:
3482:
3480:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3427:
3425:
3414:
3410:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3368:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3348:. pp. 6–10
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3314:Bricklin, Dan.
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3287:Varney, Allen.
3285:
3281:
3270:
3269:Reprinted from
3262:
3260:
3253:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3219:
3215:
3202:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3181:
3175:
3157:
3153:
3144:
3142:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3102:
3082:
3075:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2827:
2826:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2795:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2761:
2738:Gaming computer
2723:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2680:
2674:
2644:emulator named
2605:
2599:
2547:
2541:
2502:
2496:
2491:
2489:Types of gaming
2407:
2395:steering wheels
2252:
2245:
2206:Expansion cards
2196:Primary storage
2165:
2163:Gaming computer
2159:
2153:
2079:Electronic Arts
2052:
2046:
2014:
2008:
1995:software piracy
1918:platform-holder
1899:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1871:help improve it
1868:
1856:
1852:
1779:
1765:expansion packs
1761:episodic gaming
1724:physics engines
1652:Matrox Mystique
1604:
1598:
1569:expanded memory
1552:
1546:
1488:
1394:texture mapping
1338:Apple Macintosh
1260:adventure games
1116:
1055:science fiction
1043:To enhance the
979:
971:Electronic Arts
948:adaptations of
942:
936:
863:. By 1982, the
781:
775:, for example.
772:The Bard's Tale
638:
632:
627:
621:
523:systems; while
460:(PC). The term
448:or abbreviated
434:
405:
404:
340:
328:
318:
317:
313:Cancelled games
252:
242:
241:
178:
168:
167:
107:Electronic game
75:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5489:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5436:Social network
5433:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5320:
5312:
5311:
5289:
5263:
5241:
5219:
5197:
5175:
5157:
5143:
5121:
5096:
5085:. October 2005
5074:
5041:
5013:
4987:
4960:
4933:
4919:
4894:
4866:
4844:
4813:
4795:
4776:
4757:
4729:
4701:
4678:
4659:
4645:
4623:
4605:
4590:
4575:
4542:
4516:
4481:
4465:"StarCraft 64"
4455:
4435:
4404:
4383:
4357:
4335:
4308:
4286:
4256:
4236:
4203:
4190:
4177:"PC Goes 3D".
4169:
4142:
4124:
4097:
4075:
4049:
4028:
4010:
3984:
3966:
3945:
3918:
3892:
3866:
3839:
3812:
3796:
3781:"Star Cruiser"
3772:
3746:
3739:
3723:Brewster, Todd
3710:
3684:
3658:
3628:
3598:
3571:
3544:
3517:
3490:
3463:
3435:
3408:
3389:
3383:978-1135006518
3382:
3359:
3332:
3306:
3279:
3240:
3213:
3179:
3173:
3163:(8 ed.),
3151:
3111:
3073:
3052:
3021:
2990:
2983:
2963:
2952:. May 15, 2018
2935:
2910:
2896:
2878:
2860:
2842:
2815:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2748:PC Master Race
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2712:
2709:
2676:Main article:
2673:
2670:
2601:Main article:
2598:
2595:
2543:Main article:
2540:
2537:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2443:cross-platform
2419:device drivers
2406:
2403:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2210:graphics cards
2203:
2193:
2190:Microprocessor
2183:
2178:
2172:
2155:Main article:
2152:
2149:
2048:Main article:
2045:
2042:
2010:Main article:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1778:
1775:
1633:Super Mario 64
1597:
1594:
1586:Origin Systems
1531:device drivers
1506:digital assets
1502:Chris Crawford
1413:Wing Commander
1385:Wolfenstein 3D
1360:Arsys Software
1256:computer mouse
1235:reported at a
1115:
1112:
978:
975:
935:
932:
890:Space Invaders
871:were ports of
835:microcomputers
798:adventure game
780:
777:
763:games such as
675:microprocessor
631:
628:
623:Main article:
620:
617:
576:graphics cards
548:Apple Computer
544:arcade machine
525:mobile devices
436:
435:
433:
432:
425:
418:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
386:
385:
380:
370:
369:
368:
358:
357:
356:
351:
346:
335:
329:
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
310:
305:
304:
303:
298:
288:
283:
278:
277:
276:
266:
265:
264:
253:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
234:
233:
232:
227:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
191:
190:
179:
174:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
160:
159:
158:
153:
143:
138:
137:
136:
131:
121:
120:
119:
114:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
82:
76:
71:
70:
67:
66:
60:
59:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5488:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
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5358:
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5329:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5300:. dystalk.com
5299:
5293:
5282:September 12,
5277:
5273:
5267:
5252:. August 2006
5251:
5245:
5234:September 19,
5229:
5223:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5201:
5190:September 12,
5185:
5179:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5153:
5147:
5132:. August 2005
5131:
5125:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5089:September 22,
5084:
5078:
5062:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5045:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5017:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4975:
4971:
4964:
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4923:
4915:
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4905:
4898:
4883:
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4854:
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4827:
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4809:
4805:
4799:
4791:
4787:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4761:
4750:
4746:
4739:
4733:
4722:September 22,
4717:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4655:
4649:
4634:. August 2005
4633:
4627:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4601:
4594:
4586:
4579:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4557:Game Informer
4553:
4546:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4521:
4513:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4470:
4466:
4459:
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4439:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4387:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4350:September 13,
4346:
4339:
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4319:
4312:
4297:
4290:
4279:September 23,
4274:
4270:
4263:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4229:September 22,
4224:
4220:
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4214:
4207:
4200:
4194:
4186:
4185:Imagine Media
4182:
4181:
4173:
4157:
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4146:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4112:
4108:
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4093:
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4035:
4033:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4007:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3959:September 23,
3955:
3949:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3859:September 23,
3854:
3850:
3843:
3827:
3823:
3816:
3810:), 4Gamer.net
3809:
3805:
3800:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3742:
3740:0-385-48327-9
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3698:
3695:
3688:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3646:
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3586:
3582:
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3505:
3501:
3494:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3451:
3450:
3445:
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3423:
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3412:
3404:
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3393:
3385:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3364:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3299:September 24,
3294:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3274:
3258:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3228:
3224:
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3198:
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3141:
3137:
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3127:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3080:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3025:
3014:September 29,
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2986:
2984:0-385-19195-2
2980:
2976:
2975:
2967:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2906:
2900:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2874:
2873:Business Wire
2870:
2864:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2838:
2837:
2836:The Economist
2831:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2804:
2800:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
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2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2715:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2642:PlayStation 3
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:PlayStation 4
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:Sound Blaster
2326:
2325:Creative Labs
2322:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2145:gross margins
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2065:released the
2064:
2060:
2058:
2057:optical discs
2051:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2006:Modifications
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1897:
1894:
1886:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1860:This section
1858:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:draw distance
1799:
1798:anti-aliasing
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1783:open platform
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1684:, and later,
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1485:ROM cartridge
1483:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1440:Links 386 Pro
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1372:in 1988, and
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:Sound Blaster
1306:
1305:Creative Labs
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:IBM PC clones
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1150:speaker sound
1147:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1120:launch titles
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:Japanese text
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:Master System
996:
995:8-bit console
992:
988:
984:
974:
972:
968:
964:
959:
958:
953:
952:
947:
941:
931:
929:
925:
923:
918:
914:
910:
909:
904:
903:
898:
897:
892:
891:
886:
882:
881:
876:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
843:
838:
836:
832:
831:
826:
822:
818:
817:
812:
811:
806:
799:
795:
791:
790:
789:Mystery House
785:
776:
774:
773:
768:
767:
762:
758:
754:
751:
747:
746:
741:
737:
734:
729:
727:
724:
720:
719:
714:
713:Steve Russell
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:
688:
687:minicomputers
684:
680:
679:microcomputer
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
660:
652:
648:
647:
642:
637:
626:
616:
614:
610:
606:
605:mobile gaming
601:
597:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:console games
490:
486:
482:
481:Home computer
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:computer game
443:
431:
426:
424:
419:
417:
412:
411:
409:
408:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
371:
367:
364:
363:
362:
359:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
327:
322:
321:
314:
311:
309:
306:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
275:
272:
271:
270:
267:
263:
260:
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245:
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201:
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193:
189:
186:
185:
184:
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180:
177:
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171:
164:
161:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
147:
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142:
139:
135:
132:
130:
127:
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125:
122:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
74:
69:
68:
65:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
23:
5377:
5302:. Retrieved
5292:
5280:. Retrieved
5275:
5266:
5256:September 2,
5254:. Retrieved
5244:
5232:. Retrieved
5222:
5214:the original
5200:
5188:. Retrieved
5178:
5169:
5160:
5146:
5134:. Retrieved
5124:
5112:. Retrieved
5087:. Retrieved
5077:
5065:. Retrieved
5061:the original
5054:
5044:
5034:November 21,
5032:. Retrieved
5026:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
5000:the original
4990:
4978:. Retrieved
4974:the original
4963:
4951:. Retrieved
4946:
4936:
4922:
4914:the original
4907:
4897:
4885:. Retrieved
4869:
4857:. Retrieved
4847:
4837:February 14,
4835:. Retrieved
4829:
4798:
4790:Ars Technica
4789:
4779:
4771:the original
4760:
4749:the original
4732:
4720:. Retrieved
4715:The Register
4713:
4704:
4696:the original
4681:
4662:
4648:
4636:. Retrieved
4626:
4608:
4593:
4578:
4568:February 23,
4566:. Retrieved
4562:the original
4555:
4545:
4537:the original
4532:
4510:
4505:February 23,
4503:. Retrieved
4499:the original
4484:
4472:. Retrieved
4469:Gamespot.com
4468:
4458:
4447:
4438:
4428:February 24,
4426:. Retrieved
4422:the original
4407:
4396:
4386:
4376:September 2,
4374:. Retrieved
4370:the original
4360:
4348:. Retrieved
4338:
4326:. Retrieved
4322:the original
4311:
4299:. Retrieved
4289:
4277:. Retrieved
4273:the original
4248:
4239:
4227:. Retrieved
4223:the original
4216:
4206:
4193:
4178:
4172:
4160:. Retrieved
4155:
4145:
4136:
4127:
4115:. Retrieved
4113:. p. 99
4110:
4100:
4091:
4066:. Retrieved
4061:
4052:
4043:
4022:
4013:
4000:
3996:
3993:"Microtimes"
3987:
3978:
3969:
3957:. Retrieved
3948:
3936:. Retrieved
3934:. p. 72
3931:
3921:
3909:. Retrieved
3904:
3895:
3883:. Retrieved
3878:
3869:
3857:. Retrieved
3853:the original
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3826:the original
3815:
3799:
3791:the original
3784:
3775:
3765:November 16,
3763:. Retrieved
3758:
3749:
3726:
3713:
3701:. Retrieved
3696:
3687:
3675:. Retrieved
3670:
3661:
3649:. Retrieved
3647:. p. 96
3644:
3621:November 15,
3619:. Retrieved
3615:the original
3610:
3601:
3591:November 11,
3589:. Retrieved
3587:. p. 28
3584:
3574:
3562:. Retrieved
3560:. p. 36
3557:
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3533:. p. 16
3530:
3520:
3510:November 10,
3508:. Retrieved
3506:. p. 81
3503:
3493:
3481:. Retrieved
3479:. p. 32
3476:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3447:
3438:
3428:February 10,
3426:. Retrieved
3424:. p. 56
3421:
3411:
3402:
3392:
3372:
3350:. Retrieved
3345:
3335:
3323:. Retrieved
3319:
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3293:the original
3282:
3271:
3261:. Retrieved
3231:. Retrieved
3226:
3216:
3208:
3201:. Retrieved
3197:the original
3160:
3154:
3143:, retrieved
3129:
3103:, retrieved
3089:
3065:
3055:
3043:. Retrieved
3036:
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3007:
3003:
2993:
2972:
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2947:
2938:
2928:December 15,
2926:. Retrieved
2922:
2913:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2834:
2806:. Retrieved
2803:The Guardian
2802:
2767:
2733:Game studies
2698:
2681:
2659:
2651:Commodore 64
2640:emulator. A
2606:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2548:
2539:Online games
2526:
2503:
2408:
2354:
2336:
2331:
2315:
2276:
2253:
2216:Power supply
2138:
2124:
2112:
2100:Direct2Drive
2061:
2053:
2035:
2027:
2015:
1955:
1904:
1889:
1880:
1861:
1826:touchscreens
1800:. Increased
1791:
1780:
1768:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1740:such as the
1721:
1717:game engines
1698:
1671:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1572:
1558:
1554:AUTOEXEC.BAT
1539:upper memory
1528:
1521:
1509:
1496:
1493:
1491:cartridges.
1482:console game
1476:By 1993, PC
1475:
1470:
1464:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1423:
1419:Civilization
1417:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1365:Star Cruiser
1363:
1355:Hovertank 3D
1353:
1331:
1328:
1324:24-bit color
1314:channel and
1281:FM synthesis
1278:
1265:King's Quest
1263:
1248:VGA graphics
1243:
1241:
1228:Trip Hawkins
1216:
1201:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1157:
1154:ComputerLand
1146:CGA graphics
1139:
1133:
1127:
1117:
1073:
1058:
1048:
1042:
1038:sound boards
980:
967:Commodore 64
955:
949:
943:
921:
906:
900:
894:
888:
878:
872:
839:
828:
814:
808:
802:
787:
770:
764:
756:
753:minicomputer
743:
730:
716:
715:, developed
691:
672:
657:
656:
644:
588:
558:and others.
499:such as the
491:traction to
478:
461:
456:played on a
449:
445:
441:
439:
366:Level design
257:Arcade games
215:Role-playing
145:
129:Browser game
95:Home console
90:Game console
85:Console game
42:
34:
27:
21:
5278:. July 2006
5136:October 22,
5114:October 22,
5067:February 2,
4949:. Mcvuk.com
4718:. July 2004
4638:October 22,
4021:. Read.Me.
3808:translation
3727:The Century
3699:. p. 8
3677:November 3,
3564:November 2,
3537:November 2,
3483:November 9,
3456:October 31,
3352:October 19,
3273:Retro Gamer
3229:. p. 3
3045:October 22,
2808:November 8,
2672:Controversy
2662:Glide (API)
2629:PlayStation
2582:motherboard
2545:Online game
2475:game engine
2411:third-party
2376:Assassin 3D
2317:Sound cards
2295:PCI Express
2283:motherboard
2260:clock rates
2181:Motherboard
2023:source code
1842:peripherals
1705:Radeon R300
1639:Tomb Raider
1590:unreal mode
1478:floppy disk
1346:id Software
1293:sound cards
1196:Bing Gordon
1144:. The PC's
1074:During the
1013:(1981) and
987:ZX Spectrum
917:Atari, Inc.
913:Coleco Adam
908:Donkey Kong
896:TI Invaders
859:of popular
697:tic-tac-toe
670:that year.
664:Josef Kates
568:3D graphics
509:PlayStation
505:Nintendo 64
501:Sega Saturn
489:mass market
373:Programming
326:Development
301:soundtracks
141:Mobile game
124:Online game
64:Video games
5460:Categories
5006:August 28,
4980:August 28,
4953:August 28,
4859:January 7,
4474:August 19,
4328:August 22,
4301:August 22,
4006:worldwide.
4003:Falcom 3.0
3997:Microtimes
3832:August 17,
3203:August 16,
2779:References
2533:spawn copy
2519:and lower
2498:See also:
2457:announced
2378:, and the
2369:Panther XL
2347:(formerly
2264:multi-core
2161:See also:
2108:GamersGate
2038:restricted
1883:April 2023
1810:open world
1738:middleware
1692:, such as
1686:Windows XP
1682:Windows NT
1600:See also:
1548:CONFIG.SYS
1514:shovelware
1443:supported
1326:graphics.
1295:, such as
1208:video card
1180:Tandy 1000
1076:16-bit era
946:Atari 2600
938:See also:
830:Microchess
813:and later
736:adventures
733:text-based
709:Alan Kotok
683:mainframes
634:See also:
591:developers
562:utilizing
454:video game
354:Programmer
274:franchises
220:Simulation
112:Audio game
5304:April 24,
5028:Gamasutra
4887:April 26,
4808:Shacknews
4250:Microsoft
4218:Microsoft
4162:March 29,
3875:"Letters"
3731:Doubleday
3422:InfoWorld
3289:"Feelies"
3263:March 29,
3140:0199-6649
3131:InfoWorld
3100:0006-4165
2655:demoscene
2597:Emulation
2551:broadband
2517:bandwidth
2500:LAN party
2423:libraries
2387:joysticks
2311:CrossFire
2287:Video RAM
2230:Hard disk
1824:, though
1489:1 million
1445:Super VGA
1332:By 1990,
1223:Mindscape
1188:Apple IIc
1159:InfoWorld
1088:Macintosh
1045:immersive
991:BBC Micro
930:'s game.
880:Centipede
757:Adventure
745:Adventure
718:Spacewar!
646:Spacewar!
580:demoscene
536:platforms
472:software/
338:Developer
200:Adventure
73:Platforms
35:Paku Paku
5404:Emulator
5276:CBS News
4909:PC Gamer
3804:スタークルーザー
3585:Compute!
3504:Compute!
3477:Compute!
3325:March 6,
2956:June 22,
2891:Statista
2855:Statista
2711:See also
2617:Nestopia
2609:platform
2603:Emulator
2471:Xbox One
2451:gameplay
2405:Software
2399:gamepads
2380:Mad Catz
2366:Mad Catz
2357:keyboard
2332:de facto
2321:3D audio
2266:CPUs by
2250:Hardware
2236:Keyboard
2131:Stardock
2096:EA Store
2088:GameStop
2071:Mac OS X
2018:Internet
1999:cheating
1822:gamepads
1818:keyboard
1690:emulator
1656:S3 ViRGE
1648:ATI Rage
1565:extended
1453:Nintendo
1374:Accolade
1320:FM Towns
1182:and the
1172:Compute!
1122:for the
1100:FM Towns
1084:Atari ST
1069:Blizzard
1035:FM synth
1003:Nintendo
887:was the
885:TI-99/4A
867:for the
840:As with
805:hobbyist
794:Apple II
761:Gold Box
699:for the
596:Statista
584:cracking
564:Direct3D
390:Graphics
344:Designer
333:Producer
237:Strategy
22:PC Games
5394:Browser
5368:Console
5056:1UP.com
4418:HardOCP
4117:July 7,
4068:July 6,
3938:July 4,
3911:July 7,
3885:July 5,
3786:AllGame
3703:July 4,
3651:July 7,
3233:May 21,
2949:Plarium
2666:IPX/SPX
2560:Tanarus
2521:latency
2483:physics
2463:porting
2435:DirectX
2383:Panther
2272:threads
2212:, etc.)
2176:Display
2135:Impulse
2104:GOG.com
1869:Please
1787:Android
1664:DirectX
1283:sound.
1192:porting
1065:feelies
1053:or the
951:Pac-Man
922:Pac-Man
902:Pac-Man
874:Frogger
792:(1980,
619:History
540:console
529:Android
495:on the
462:PC game
452:, is a
450:PC game
400:Testing
188:Shooter
146:PC game
44:Pac-Man
5429:MMORTS
5424:MMORPG
5419:MMOFPS
5373:Mobile
5363:Arcade
4831:Forbes
3737:
3380:
3276:, 2009
3171:
3145:May 1,
3138:
3105:May 1,
3098:
2981:
2923:Newzoo
2685:minors
2613:DOSBox
2586:router
2574:modems
2529:router
2459:Mantle
2447:driver
2439:OpenGL
2371:, the
2342:Nvidia
2299:NVidia
2140:Forbes
2116:resale
2106:, and
2075:Origin
1728:nVidia
1709:NVidia
1694:DOSBox
1673:Unreal
1668:OpenGL
1658:, and
1614:format
1582:386MAX
1459:, the
1285:Yamaha
1270:bitmap
1118:Among
1108:sprite
1104:arcade
1098:, and
1096:X68000
1078:, the
1031:Yamaha
924:clones
893:clone
857:clones
750:PDP-11
600:gamers
466:Wintel
378:Engine
361:Design
349:Artist
230:Racing
225:Sports
210:Puzzle
205:Casual
183:Action
176:Genres
5399:Cloud
4878:(PDF)
4752:(PDF)
4741:(PDF)
4618:Valve
3033:(PDF)
2759:Notes
2646:RPCS3
2634:PCSX2
2441:is a
2361:mouse
2349:AGEIA
2345:PhysX
2241:Mouse
2067:Steam
2063:Valve
1814:mouse
1731:PhysX
1541:with
1297:AdLib
1080:Amiga
1060:Elite
1015:PC-98
1011:PC-88
963:Atari
928:Namco
853:ports
825:BASIC
769:, or
723:PDP-1
721:on a
701:EDSAC
651:PDP-1
613:China
474:Intel
395:Music
250:Lists
151:Linux
37:is a
5306:2009
5284:2006
5258:2006
5236:2006
5192:2006
5138:2006
5116:2006
5091:2006
5069:2012
5036:2009
5008:2013
4982:2013
4955:2013
4889:2012
4861:2012
4839:2011
4724:2006
4640:2006
4570:2012
4507:2012
4476:2006
4430:2012
4378:2006
4352:2006
4330:2006
4303:2006
4281:2006
4231:2006
4164:2016
4119:2014
4070:2014
3961:2006
3940:2014
3913:2014
3887:2014
3861:2006
3834:2006
3767:2013
3735:ISBN
3705:2014
3679:2013
3653:2014
3623:2013
3593:2013
3566:2013
3539:2013
3512:2013
3485:2013
3458:2013
3430:2015
3378:ISBN
3354:2016
3346:BYTE
3327:2018
3301:2006
3265:2011
3235:2011
3205:2006
3169:ISBN
3147:2011
3136:ISSN
3107:2011
3096:ISSN
3047:2006
3016:2007
2979:ISBN
2958:2018
2930:2017
2810:2012
2638:Cemu
2625:Xbox
2621:MAME
2619:and
2469:and
2389:for
2359:and
2305:and
2268:2005
2092:GFWL
1997:and
1836:and
1828:and
1806:NPCs
1804:and
1750:and
1707:and
1666:and
1636:and
1580:and
1578:QEMM
1567:and
1551:and
1523:Myst
1466:Doom
1451:and
1449:Sega
1416:and
1342:PS/1
1289:FM-7
1252:MCGA
1219:Koei
1148:and
1135:BYTE
1090:and
1082:and
989:and
957:E.T.
954:and
877:and
685:and
677:and
609:APAC
507:and
5414:MMO
4947:MCV
4533:IGN
3403:Inc
3227:IGN
3010:(2)
3008:001
2627:or
2481:or
2455:AMD
2309:'s
2307:ATI
2301:'s
2293:or
2291:AGP
2200:RAM
2186:CPU
2122:).
1844:.
1734:PPU
1711:'s
1701:CPU
1696:).
1612:DVD
1571:.)
1461:486
1457:MHz
1424:CGW
1376:'s
1362:'s
1334:DOS
1312:PCM
1205:EGA
1033:'s
1009:'s
1007:NEC
855:or
738:or
705:MIT
692:OXO
542:or
533:iOS
531:or
515:on
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156:Mac
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