1241:
208:
1301:
1325:
1251:
44:
650:
1277:
1313:
183:, comprising 100 red-sensitive plates extending coverage to -42° declination, was completed and published as identically-sized photographic negative prints. The Whiteoak Extension is often found in libraries stored as an appendix or companion to the photographic print edition of the NGS-POSS. This brings the number of prints to 1,972 for most holders of a photographic edition of the NGS-POSS.
1289:
152:
The survey was originally meant to cover the sky from the north celestial pole to -24° declination. This figure specifies the position of the plate center, hence the actual coverage under the original plan would have been to approximately -27°. It was expected that 879 plate pairs would be required.
357:
Catalog of the POSS I. The catalog was also distributed in a set of 4 DVD-ROMs. The catalog contains accurate sky positions and brightness measurements for all of these objects as well as more esoteric parameters such as ellipticity, position angle, and concentration index.
172:
The NGS-POSS was published shortly after the Survey was completed as a collection of 1,872 photographic negative prints each measuring 14" x 14". In the early 1970s there was another "printing" of the Survey, this time on 14" x17" photographic negative prints.
229:
334:
In 1986, work was begun on a digital version of the NGS-POSS. Eight years later, the scanning of the original NGS-POSS plates was completed. The resulting digital images were compressed and published as the
675:
176:
The
California Institute of Technology bookstore used to sell prints of selected POSS regions. The regions were chosen to support educational exercises and the set was a curriculum teaching tool.
392:
354:
280:
252:
134:. The first photographic plate was exposed on November 11, 1949. 99% of the plates were taken by June 20, 1956, but the final 1% was not completed until December 10, 1958.
259:
266:
153:
However the Survey was ultimately extended to -30° plate centers, giving irregular coverage to as far south as -34° declination, and utilizing 936 total plate pairs.
248:
682:
1099:
1254:
367:
180:
1061:
273:
861:
816:
47:
1015:
523:
1180:
339:
in 1994. The
Digitized Sky Survey was made available on a set of 102 CD-ROMs, and can also be queried through several web interfaces.
856:
846:
918:
728:
831:
981:
836:
668:
149:
103a-E plate, and once with a blue sensitive Kodak 103a-O plate. This allowed the color of celestial objects to be recorded.
1370:
966:
851:
826:
1109:
1055:
754:
347:
1044:
1008:
878:
317:
111:
17:
320:), which was used for decades for purposes of cataloging and categorizing celestial objects, especially in studies of
516:
377:
299:
237:
955:
1203:
1093:
841:
233:
1350:
1345:
1244:
1001:
947:
806:
1355:
821:
736:
691:
509:
1360:
705:
532:
107:
353:
in 2001, a catalog identifying over 89 million objects on the NGS-POSS was placed online as part of the
1267:
1226:
1168:
811:
614:
584:
1131:
903:
619:
1365:
1214:
971:
743:
429:, edited by K. A. Strand (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1968), Appendix II, p. 481–487.
387:
218:
940:
701:
609:
604:
594:
222:
103:
913:
1220:
1197:
1126:
873:
579:
194:. This work is commonly found wherever a photographic print edition of the NGS-POSS is held.
191:
161:
1038:
599:
544:
452:
336:
313:
8:
1329:
1186:
1142:
1024:
721:
372:
328:
91:
87:
83:
456:
160:
of the survey varied depending on the region of the sky, but is commonly quoted as 22nd
1317:
1305:
1191:
440:
157:
137:
The survey utilized 14 inches (36 cm) square photographic plates, covering about 6
145:
per plate). Each region of the sky was photographed twice, once using a red sensitive
1174:
1104:
1082:
639:
321:
131:
127:
119:
476:
424:
1281:
460:
106:
at
Palomar Observatory, and the astronomical survey was funded by a grant from the
1147:
574:
187:
782:
589:
138:
501:
1339:
961:
777:
142:
491:
1293:
1152:
868:
787:
634:
624:
123:
115:
629:
56:
993:
186:
In 1981, a set of NGS-POSS Transparency
Overlay Maps was published by
550:
207:
464:
331:
were discovered by astronomers studying the NGS-POSS photographs.
343:
477:
N. Reid & S. Djorgovski (1993) The Second
Palomar Sky Survey
1209:
1137:
94:, California, United States, and completed by the end of 1958.
43:
249:"National Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey"
1077:
649:
382:
146:
68:
National
Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey
28:
National
Geographic Society – Palomar Observatory Sky Survey
1087:
102:
The photographs were taken with the 48 inches (1.2 m)
1288:
443:(April 1966), "Properties of Some Old Planetary Nebulae",
497:
Minnesota
Automated Plate Scanner Catalog of the POSS I
1265:
496:
556:Tracy Wolstencroft, president and CEO (since 2018)
427:Basic Astronomical Data: Stars and Stellar Systems
114:. Among the primary minds behind the project were
1337:
690:
531:
316:are partial derivatives of the NGS-POSS (e.g.
1181:Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey
1009:
676:
559:Michael Ulica, president and COO (since 2018)
517:
236:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1016:
1002:
683:
669:
524:
510:
342:In 1996, an even more compressed version,
300:Learn how and when to remove this message
1023:
433:
14:
1338:
439:
425:R. L. Minkowski & G. O. Abell, in
90:of the night sky. It was conducted at
997:
664:
505:
1250:
234:adding citations to reliable sources
201:
1110:Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
1056:Palomar Distant Solar System Survey
348:Astronomical Society of the Pacific
197:
24:
1045:The INT Photometric H-Alpha Survey
984:(geography competition; on hiatus)
318:Abell Catalog of Planetary Nebulae
141:of sky per side (approximately 36
112:California Institute of Technology
25:
1382:
485:
393:Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner
378:Palomar Observatory Sky Survey II
355:Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1249:
1240:
1239:
956:Greenberg v. National Geographic
648:
547:, Chairman Emeritus (since 2010)
206:
42:
1204:Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey
1088:Infrared Astronomical Satellite
97:
1094:UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey
977:Palomar Observatory Sky Survey
470:
418:
405:
167:
13:
1:
729:National Geographic Adventure
398:
737:National Geographic Traveler
692:National Geographic Partners
411:A. G. Wilson, Trans. I.A.U.
7:
1371:National Geographic Society
706:National Geographic Society
533:National Geographic Society
361:
108:National Geographic Society
10:
1387:
1169:2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
1235:
1161:
1132:GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey
1119:
1070:
1031:
933:
893:
817:Australia and New Zealand
796:
764:
753:
713:
698:
657:
646:
567:
539:
383:Two Micron All-Sky Survey
86:, that took almost 2,000
53:
40:
32:
1215:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
744:National Geographic Kids
700:A joint venture between
388:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
48:Related media on Commons
943:(geography competition)
702:The Walt Disney Company
610:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
605:Melville Bell Grosvenor
595:Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor
553:, Chairman (since 2016)
104:Samuel Oschin telescope
1100:SCUBA-2 All Sky Survey
346:, was marketed by the
33:Alternative names
1221:VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey
1198:DEEP2 Redshift Survey
580:Alexander Graham Bell
445:Astrophysical Journal
314:astronomical catalogs
192:Ohio State University
1351:Astronomical imaging
1346:Astronomical surveys
1039:Digitized Sky Survey
1025:Astronomical surveys
900:National Geographic
803:National Geographic
600:Gilbert M. Grosvenor
545:Gilbert M. Grosvenor
492:Digitized Sky Survey
337:Digitized Sky Survey
329:astronomical objects
230:improve this section
1356:Palomar Observatory
1187:CfA Redshift Survey
771:National Geographic
722:National Geographic
457:1966ApJ...144..259A
373:Southern Sky Survey
92:Palomar Observatory
88:photographic plates
84:astronomical survey
29:
1361:1958 in California
1192:Dark Energy Survey
982:World Championship
368:Whiteoak extension
181:Whiteoak Extension
158:limiting magnitude
27:
18:Palomar Sky Survey
1263:
1262:
1175:6dF Galaxy Survey
991:
990:
929:
928:
889:
888:
640:John M. Fahey Jr.
441:Albell, George O.
415:, 335–336 (1952);
322:galaxy morphology
310:
309:
302:
284:
132:Rudolph Minkowski
128:Ira Sprague Bowen
120:Milton L. Humason
64:
63:
16:(Redirected from
1378:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1291:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1271:
1253:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1018:
1011:
1004:
995:
994:
967:Image Collection
762:
761:
685:
678:
671:
662:
661:
652:
620:John G. Mitchell
526:
519:
512:
503:
502:
479:
474:
468:
467:
437:
431:
422:
416:
409:
305:
298:
294:
291:
285:
283:
242:
210:
202:
198:Derivative works
57:edit on Wikidata
46:
30:
26:
21:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1366:1958 in science
1336:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1231:
1157:
1148:Ohio Sky Survey
1115:
1083:Akari (Astro-F)
1066:
1027:
1022:
992:
987:
925:
885:
792:
756:
749:
709:
694:
689:
653:
644:
575:Stephen Alvarez
563:
562:
535:
530:
488:
483:
482:
475:
471:
438:
434:
423:
419:
410:
406:
401:
364:
306:
295:
289:
286:
243:
241:
227:
211:
200:
188:Robert S. Dixon
170:
100:
60:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1384:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1333:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1006:
998:
989:
988:
986:
985:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
952:
944:
937:
935:
931:
930:
927:
926:
924:
923:
922:
921:
916:
908:
907:
906:
897:
895:
891:
890:
887:
886:
884:
883:
882:
881:
876:
866:
865:
864:
859:
854:
852:UK and Ireland
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
800:
798:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
783:Nat Geo People
780:
775:
772:
768:
766:
759:
751:
750:
748:
747:
740:
733:
725:
717:
715:
711:
710:
704:(73%) and the
699:
696:
695:
688:
687:
680:
673:
665:
659:
655:
654:
647:
645:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
590:Susan Goldberg
587:
582:
577:
571:
569:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
554:
548:
541:
540:
537:
536:
529:
528:
521:
514:
506:
500:
499:
494:
487:
486:External links
484:
481:
480:
469:
465:10.1086/148602
432:
417:
403:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
363:
360:
308:
307:
214:
212:
205:
199:
196:
169:
166:
143:square degrees
99:
96:
82:) was a major
62:
61:
54:
51:
50:
38:
37:
34:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1383:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1256:
1248:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:Spectroscopic
1160:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
996:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:Hubbard Medal
960:
958:
957:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
939:
938:
936:
932:
920:
919:Latin America
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:Nat Geo Kids
909:
905:
902:
901:
899:
898:
896:
892:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
867:
863:
862:Latin America
860:
858:
857:United States
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
801:
799:
795:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
778:Nat Geo Music
776:
773:
770:
769:
767:
763:
760:
758:
752:
746:
745:
741:
739:
738:
734:
731:
730:
726:
724:
723:
719:
718:
716:
712:
707:
703:
697:
693:
686:
681:
679:
674:
672:
667:
666:
663:
660:
656:
651:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
570:
566:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
538:
534:
527:
522:
520:
515:
513:
508:
507:
504:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
478:
473:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
436:
430:
428:
421:
414:
408:
404:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
359:
356:
351:
349:
345:
340:
338:
332:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
304:
301:
293:
290:February 2019
282:
279:
275:
272:
268:
265:
261:
258:
254:
251: –
250:
246:
245:Find sources:
239:
235:
231:
225:
224:
220:
215:This section
213:
209:
204:
203:
195:
193:
189:
184:
182:
179:In 1962, the
177:
174:
165:
163:
159:
154:
150:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
58:
52:
49:
45:
39:
35:
31:
19:
1330:Solar System
1153:PALFA Survey
1050:
1032:Photographic
976:
954:
946:
869:Nat Geo Wild
788:Nat Geo Wild
774:Nat Geo Kids
742:
735:
727:
720:
658:Media assets
635:Tim T. Kelly
625:Mark Shelley
585:Barry Bishop
472:
448:
444:
435:
426:
420:
412:
407:
352:
341:
333:
327:Innumerable
326:
311:
296:
287:
277:
270:
263:
256:
244:
228:Please help
216:
185:
178:
175:
171:
164:on average.
155:
151:
136:
124:Walter Baade
116:Edwin Hubble
101:
98:Observations
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
1318:Outer space
1306:Spaceflight
847:Scandinavia
837:Netherlands
630:John Verano
615:Chris Johns
168:Publication
1340:Categories
755:Television
399:References
260:newspapers
74:, or just
1282:Astronomy
1071:Infra-red
948:Endeavour
914:Abu Dhabi
807:Abu Dhabi
732:(defunct)
714:Magazines
551:Jean Case
217:does not
162:magnitude
1245:Category
1183:(CALIFA)
1171:(2dFGRS)
1096:(UKIDSS)
1051:NGS-POSS
842:Portugal
797:Channels
757:channels
362:See also
72:NGS-POSS
36:NGS-POSS
1268:Portals
1255:Commons
1227:WiggleZ
1200:(DEEP2)
1177:(6dFGS)
1058:(PDSSS)
1047:(IPHAS)
894:Defunct
832:Germany
453:Bibcode
451:: 259,
344:RealSky
274:scholar
238:removed
223:sources
190:of the
110:to the
78:, also
1223:(VVDS)
1217:(SDSS)
1210:LAMOST
1206:(GAMA)
1138:HIPASS
1134:(GASS)
1127:C-BASS
1112:(WISE)
1090:(IRAS)
1062:SLUGGS
951:(ship)
879:Europe
874:Canada
827:France
822:Canada
765:Brands
568:People
276:
269:
262:
255:
247:
80:POSS I
41:
1294:Stars
1194:(DES)
1120:Radio
1105:VISTA
1078:2MASS
1041:(DSS)
934:Other
904:Farsi
708:(27%)
312:Many
281:JSTOR
267:books
147:Kodak
55:[
1143:NVSS
972:Maps
812:Asia
253:news
221:any
219:cite
156:The
130:and
76:POSS
66:The
941:Bee
461:doi
449:144
232:by
1342::
459:,
447:,
350:.
324:.
126:,
122:,
118:,
1270::
1017:e
1010:t
1003:v
684:e
677:t
670:v
525:e
518:t
511:v
463::
455::
413:8
303:)
297:(
292:)
288:(
278:·
271:·
264:·
257:·
240:.
226:.
139:°
70:(
59:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.