723:
1313:
675:
691:
1325:
707:
643:
1405:
1289:
1249:
1337:
659:
512:
1301:
444:
524:
31:
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1102:
1277:
83:
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1020:
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500:
58:
2023:
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1716:
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Larger populations of mimics could result in the edible common Mormon mimics being sampled the first time by predators. If this should happen, the predator may not realise that butterflies of that colour and pattern are protected by the poisons they ingest; thus dramatically reducing the
1040:
The populations of the mimicking morphs of the common Mormon are much smaller than that of their models - the common or crimson rose. This allows first time predators a much greater chance of preying upon the unpalatable model in the first instance and thus learning of their inedibility.
625:
the crimson rose and is common over its range. It is not such a close mimic as the previous form being duller than its model. It is easy to differentiate the mimics from models by the colour of their body—the models are red-bodied and the mimics are black-bodied.
1191:
are very convincing mimics due to their habits, especially the flight patterns, being very similar to those of the rose models. However, lacking the protection of inedibility, they tend to be more easily disturbed than the roses and fly off erratically .
288:... the origins of giving common English names to organisms, particularly butterflies for tropical species started in India around the mid 19th century ... The naming of Mormons evolved slowly. I think the first to get such a name was the Common Mormon (
1179:
The male common Mormon is a very common visitor to gardens where he will be seen hovering over flowers when the sun is shining. It is a restless insect, zigzagging fast and straight close to the ground, settling down only when it halts to feed.
292:), because it had three different females, a fact that could only have been observed in the field, and this they did in India. The name obviously reflected the ... Mormon sect in America, which as we know, practiced polygamy.
488:
has a complete discal band of elongated white spots. It may or may not have marginal red crescents. The males are generally smaller in size than the females but not always. Both male and all forms of the female of
1416:
is located on underside of leaves and twigs. The pupa is light green and unmarked. It has two projections to the front on its head and also one on its thorax. It closely resembles the
1374:
become dark green in colour. There is a transverse black band with an eye-spot on each side on the 4th and 5th segments. This band, being darker and brighter than that of the
722:
578:
This form is similar to the male, differing in that it always has strongly marked red crescents. It is the least common of the three forms. It is normally abundant where the
1077:
The common Mormon prefers lightly wooded country, but is present everywhere and high up into the hills. It is a regular visitor to gardens, being especially abundant in
1347:
The females perch on an exposed branch with wings open or closed. They are courted by the males who approach from behind and slowly and elegantly settle into position.
1838:
Kunte, K.; Zhang, W.; Tenger-Trolander, A.; Palmer, D. H.; Martin, A.; Reed, R. D.; Mullen, S. P.; Kronforst, M. R. (2014-03-05). "doublesex is a mimicry supergene".
1657:
1626:
1676:
1457:
1492:
1248:
780:
197:
2033:
2190:
1312:
1554:
690:
1788:
2216:
1232:
674:
2283:
706:
1525:
523:
1336:
642:
2164:
1389:. The deep red osmeterium and yellowish-brown head help distinguish it from the blue Mormon caterpillar which has a greenish head.
2288:
1288:
2038:
1324:
1602:
1562:
1154:
in city gardens. In the forests, the common Mormon remains low keeping within ten feet off the floor and its prefer to visit
1768:
Seitz, A. Band 9: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die indo-australischen
Tagfalter, 1927, 1197 Seiten 177 Tafeln
2293:
658:
2203:
2005:
1977:
1947:
1654:
629:
2328:
2308:
2303:
1221:
Common
Mormons spend the night settled on vegetation with their wings held open, usually quite close to the ground.
2333:
2027:
2221:
1673:
1210:
Both sexes bask in the sun on shrubs close to the ground. They hold their wings flat against the substratum. The
511:
2323:
2298:
1997:
1930:
1300:
277:
2044:
2260:
2313:
1520:
1056:
is abundant, the common Mormon female morph which is found there, mimics a completely different butterfly,
2208:
2112:
1987:
1404:
2117:
1053:
455:
1037:
in which edible species resemble unpalatable butterflies in order to escape being eaten by predators.
2093:
1729:
1753:
1385:
also has a black and white oblique band on the 8th and 9th segments, making it resemble that of the
1355:
The eggs are laid singly on top of the leaves. They are round and yellow to light-yellow in colour.
82:
1058:
579:
249:
1548:
538:
1813:
1589:. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 7.
2195:
2055:
1725:
558:
472:
Jet black butterfly with row of white spots along the middle part of hindwing. 90–100 mm.
449:
1264:
2247:
1942:. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press.
1199:, usually in cool shaded spots rather than in open areas. They have been known to collect on
231:
177:
144:
499:
2138:
1847:
1719:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1386:
1276:
443:
8:
1922:
1735:
562:
396:
47:
1851:
1069:, regulates the complex wing patterns, colors and structures required for this mimicry.
612:
the common rose very closely. This is the commonest form wherever the common rose flies.
1871:
1507:
1111:
77:
2242:
2125:
2001:
1973:
1943:
1863:
1598:
1558:
420:
30:
2318:
2130:
1875:
1855:
1590:
1499:
1417:
1375:
1364:
1127:
1034:
743:
587:
1101:
480:
The male has one morph. It is a dark-coloured swallow-tailed butterfly. The upper
2229:
1991:
1967:
1680:
1661:
797:
566:
465:
2078:
1905:
Kunte, K. (2006). Additions to known larval host plants of Indian butterflies.
1749:
1449:
1082:
787:
372:
273:
1594:
2277:
1775:
1720:
1200:
776:
761:
193:
67:
62:
1396:, with over a hundred tiny wasps eventually emerging from each Mormon pupa.
1867:
1393:
1196:
1086:
1023:
583:
484:
has a series of white spots decreasing in size towards the apex. The upper
253:
2234:
2104:
1019:
742:
This species has considerable genetic variability and is known to produce
2177:
2087:
1424:
the projections on the head which have a deeper indentation between them.
1382:
1162:
416:
134:
1859:
2169:
1550:
Threatened
Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book
1363:
The first few instars of the caterpillar closely resemble those of the
412:
320:
296:
The scientific name is constructed from the Latin word for butterfly,
2182:
2151:
1938:
Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish
Chandra (1992).
1789:"A single gene called doublesex controls wing mimicry in butterflies"
1156:
1150:
1123:
1066:
545:
530:
404:
364:
356:
344:
328:
234:
114:
94:
2049:
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1138:
1049:
485:
481:
408:
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332:
312:
265:
245:
2255:
1774:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1132:
1090:
1078:
1033:
In India, this butterfly is considered as the classic example of
376:
336:
154:
1961:. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
1837:
2143:
2022:
1464:
1371:
1173:
1119:
591:
424:
400:
360:
352:
281:
269:
124:
104:
1437:
1144:
765:
622:
609:
368:
348:
324:
316:
241:
1972:. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press.
1959:
The
Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History
493:
can vary considerably in size depending on climatic region.
1413:
746:, genetic aberrations which are part male and part female.
380:
244:
displayed by the numerous forms of its females which mimic
1427:
the abdomen which protrudes to a small point on each side.
1542:
1540:
1888:
Pola, M., García-París, M. (2005). Marine puddling in
1731:
The Fauna of
British India, Including Ceylon and Burma
1537:
1392:
Common Mormon caterpillars are heavily parasitised by
1378:
caterpillar, is the key distinction between the two.
2045:
Photos & videos of step by step of common Mormon
839:– Bali, Bangka, Biliton, Java & southern Sumatra
1937:
992:– Babar Islands, Wetar, Leti, & possibly Timor
965:– Bongao, Sibutu & Tawitawi in the Philippines
2275:
1758:. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 223–232.
1587:A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India
1584:
875:– Bachan, Halmahera, Morotai, Obi & Ternate
1218:and is a typical stance of the common Mormon.
1907:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1814:"Single gene controls butterfly wing pattern"
1547:Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985).
1546:
447:Comparison between similar-looking species -
1986:
1126:permits it to feed from flowers having long
1045:effectiveness of this scheme of protection.
1526:List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae)
1748:
1742:
1710:
1708:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1567:– via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
56:
29:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1420:caterpillar but can be distinguished by:
1927:The Identification of Indian Butterflies
1585:Varshney, R.K.; Smetacek, Peter (2015).
1403:
1100:
1018:
442:
1956:
1734:. Vol. II (1st ed.). London:
1724:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1571:
1254:Mating pair with the female displaying
1238:Mating pair with the female displaying
2276:
1685:
1118:The common Mormon is fond of visiting
608:This female form of the common Mormon
529:Newly emerged male (left) and female,
264:The common name is an allusion to the
2054:
2053:
1965:
1921:
1635:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
1342:Newly Emerged Common Mormon Butterfly
929:– Nepal, India, Burma & Sri Lanka
268:formerly practiced by members of the
248:red-bodied swallowtails, such as the
2261:41483C49-6037-43D5-94E6-B106B79FD177
1611:
893:– Philippines (Batanes) & Taiwan
2284:IUCN Red List least concern species
1440:breed on various species of family
594:; although a few specimens of form
557:The female of the common Mormon is
13:
1915:
1624:
1408:Papilio polytes common Mormon pupa
1130:tubes. It is particularly fond of
14:
2345:
2015:
737:
598:have also been caught alongside.
2021:
1993:Butterflies of the Indian Region
1769:
1714:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1247:
1231:
1214:is lowered to cover part of the
920:– Indo-China, China & Taiwan
721:
705:
689:
673:
657:
641:
537:
522:
510:
498:
240:This butterfly is known for the
237:widely distributed across Asia.
81:
38:Mating pair with female in form
1969:Butterflies of Peninsular India
1929:(2nd ed.). Mumbai, India:
1899:
1882:
1831:
1806:
821:– Buton, Salayer & Sulawesi
636:forma in Seitz (pages 60–63).
300:, and the Greek word for many,
1998:Bombay Natural History Society
1931:Bombay Natural History Society
1781:
1762:
1667:
1648:
1431:
1358:
438:
1:
2289:Butterflies described in 1758
1531:
1224:
757:is the nominal member of the
435:Very common. Not threatened.
212:
1988:Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander
1892:(Lepidoptera Papilionidae).
1521:List of butterflies of India
1195:Only the males take part in
963:(Page & Treadaway, 2003)
7:
2294:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1966:Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000).
1940:Common Butterflies of India
1514:
1089:. It is most common in the
811:listed alphabetically are:
749:
10:
2350:
1755:Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. V
1679:September 1, 2006, at the
1183:The mimic female Mormons,
1072:
1014:
565:, it has several forms or
2062:
1595:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164
1553:. Gland & Cambridge:
1096:
1093:and post-monsoon months.
848:– N. Yunnan, N.E. Vietnam
586:do not occur, such as in
552:
430:
230:, is a common species of
209:
204:
183:
176:
78:Scientific classification
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
2329:Butterflies of Sri Lanka
2309:Butterflies of Singapore
2304:Butterflies of Indochina
2034:Butterflies of Sri Lanka
1736:Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
1655:Asian Mormon Butterflies
1059:Atrophaneura polyphontes
990:C. & R. Felder, 1864
873:C. & R. Felder, 1865
632:gives a full account of
307:
259:
2334:Butterflies of Malaysia
1957:Haribal, Meena (1992).
1399:
1350:
1294:Different stage instars
569:. These are as follows:
475:
347:, southern and western
1664:Accessed November 2006
1409:
1115:
1109:seen laying an egg on
1030:
983:– Sumatra & Borneo
802:Guérin-Méneville, 1830
469:
294:
278:Natural History Museum
2324:Butterflies of Taiwan
2299:Butterflies of Borneo
1407:
1104:
1022:
902:– Sangir & Talaud
446:
286:
2030:at Wikimedia Commons
1894:Florida Entomologist
1318:pre-pupa caterpillar
1026:, compare with form
1001:– Tukangbesi Islands
16:Species of butterfly
2314:Insects of Pakistan
2041:, Nagoya University
1860:10.1038/nature13112
1852:2014Natur.507..229K
1674:Papilio polytes PDF
1081:of its food plants—
911:– Banggai, Sula Is.
843:P. p. latreilloides
563:Indian Subcontinent
397:Peninsular Malaysia
48:Conservation status
1660:2007-09-28 at the
1508:Murraya paniculata
1458:Atalantia racemosa
1410:
1381:The common Mormon
1116:
1112:Murraya paniculata
1031:
933:P. p. rubidimacula
807:The subspecies of
470:
272:sect according to
2271:
2270:
2243:Open Tree of Life
2056:Taxon identifiers
2026:Media related to
1996:. Bombay, India:
1604:978-81-929826-4-9
1564:978-2-88032-603-6
1493:Glycosmis arborea
1270:Common Mormon egg
1203:soils to extract
1009:
1008:Fruhstorfer, 1909
1000:
991:
982:
973:
969:P. p. stichioides
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
909:Fruhstorfer, 1902
901:
892:
891:Fruhstorfer, 1908
884:– Nicobar Islands
883:
874:
865:
864:Fruhstorfer, 1909
856:
855:Eschscholtz, 1821
847:
838:
829:
820:
803:
793:
783:
621:This female form
421:Northern Marianas
219:
218:
71:
2341:
2264:
2263:
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2250:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2211:
2199:
2198:
2186:
2185:
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2160:
2159:
2147:
2146:
2134:
2133:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2051:
2050:
2025:
2011:
1983:
1962:
1953:
1934:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1846:(7491): 229–32.
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
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1810:
1804:
1803:
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1800:
1785:
1779:
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1739:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1683:
1671:
1665:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1625:Savela, Markku.
1622:
1609:
1608:
1582:
1569:
1568:
1544:
1500:Murraya koenigii
1394:chalcidoid wasps
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1251:
1235:
1035:Batesian mimicry
1007:
998:
989:
987:P. p. timorensis
980:
974:– South Andamans
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
917:
908:
906:P. p. polycritos
900:Rothschild, 1895
899:
890:
888:P. p. pasikrates
881:
872:
863:
854:
852:P. p. ledebouria
845:
836:
827:
818:
801:
791:
775:
725:
709:
693:
677:
661:
645:
588:Himachal Pradesh
541:
526:
514:
502:
456:A. aristolochiae
189:
86:
85:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
20:
2349:
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2344:
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2233:
2230:Observation.org
2228:
2220:
2215:
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2163:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2129:
2124:
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2111:
2103:
2101:
2094:Papilio polytes
2092:
2091:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2064:Papilio polytes
2058:
2028:Papilio polytes
2018:
2008:
1980:
1950:
1918:
1916:Further reading
1913:
1909:103(1):119-120.
1904:
1900:
1890:Papilio polytes
1887:
1883:
1836:
1832:
1823:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1750:Moore, Frederic
1747:
1743:
1738:pp. 61–63.
1715:
1713:
1686:
1681:Wayback Machine
1672:
1668:
1662:Wayback Machine
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1631:Linnaeus, 1758"
1629:Papilio polytes
1623:
1612:
1605:
1583:
1572:
1565:
1545:
1538:
1534:
1517:
1470:C. aurantifolia
1434:
1402:
1361:
1353:
1343:
1340:
1331:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1307:
1304:
1295:
1292:
1283:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1259:
1252:
1243:
1236:
1227:
1099:
1075:
1065:A single gene,
1052:, although the
1017:
1005:P. p. vigellius
897:P. p. perversus
882:C. Felder, 1862
879:P. p. nikobarus
809:Papilio polytes
798:Papilio phestus
792:Boisduval, 1832
773:Papilio polytes
755:Papilio polytes
752:
740:
733:
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506:
505:Male, underside
503:
478:
441:
433:
310:
290:Papilio polytes
262:
223:Papilio polytes
200:
191:
187:Papilio polytes
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172:
169:P. polytes
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72:
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2239:
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2122:
2109:
2099:
2084:
2068:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2017:
2016:External links
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:978-8170192329
2006:
1984:
1979:978-8173713545
1978:
1963:
1954:
1949:978-0195631647
1948:
1935:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1898:
1881:
1830:
1818:www.abc.net.au
1805:
1780:
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1535:
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1504:
1496:
1489:
1461:
1454:
1450:Aegle marmelos
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1418:lime butterfly
1401:
1398:
1376:lime butterfly
1365:lime butterfly
1360:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1322:
1320:
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1226:
1223:
1098:
1095:
1074:
1071:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
975:
966:
957:
948:
942:P. p. sakiboso
939:
930:
921:
918:Linnaeus, 1758
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
825:P. p. alphenor
822:
819:Oberthür, 1879
816:P. p. alcindor
805:
804:
794:
788:Papilio ambrax
784:
751:
748:
744:gynandromorphs
739:
738:Gynandromorphs
736:
735:
734:
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395:, eastern and
373:Ryukyu Islands
309:
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274:Harish Gaonkar
261:
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43:
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35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Common Mormon
15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1794:
1793:UChicago News
1790:
1784:
1777:
1776:public domain
1765:
1757:
1756:
1752:(1901–1903).
1751:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1726:Bingham, C.T.
1722:
1721:public domain
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
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1122:and its long
1121:
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996:P. p. tucanus
994:
988:
985:
979:
978:P. p. theseus
976:
970:
967:
961:
958:
952:
949:
945:Yoshino, 2018
943:
940:
934:
931:
925:
924:P. p. romulus
922:
916:
915:P. p. polytes
913:
907:
904:
898:
895:
889:
886:
880:
877:
871:
870:P. p. nicanor
868:
862:
861:P. p. messius
859:
857:– Philippines
853:
850:
846:Yoshino, 2018
844:
841:
835:
834:P. p. javanus
832:
830:– Philippines
826:
823:
817:
814:
813:
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810:
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799:
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790:
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768:members are:
767:
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762:species group
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517:Male, topside
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285:
283:
279:
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251:
247:
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238:
236:
233:
229:
228:common Mormon
225:
224:
215:
214:
208:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
182:
179:
178:Binomial name
175:
171:
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84:
79:
75:
69:
64:
63:Least Concern
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2063:
1992:
1968:
1958:
1939:
1926:
1906:
1901:
1896:88: 211-213.
1893:
1889:
1884:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1822:. Retrieved
1820:. 2014-03-06
1817:
1808:
1797:. Retrieved
1795:. 2014-03-07
1792:
1783:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1730:
1669:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:
1628:
1586:
1549:
1506:
1503:– curry leaf
1498:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1435:
1411:
1391:
1380:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1306:fifth instar
1255:
1239:
1220:
1209:
1197:mud puddling
1194:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1105:Female form
1076:
1064:
1057:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1024:Crimson rose
1004:
999:Jordan, 1909
995:
986:
977:
968:
960:P. p. steffi
959:
954:Jordan, 1909
951:P. p. sotira
950:
947:– W. Sichuan
941:
936:Talbot, 1932
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
837:Felder, 1862
833:
824:
815:
808:
806:
796:
786:
772:
758:
754:
753:
741:
732:in flight UP
729:
728:Female form
713:
712:Female form
697:
696:Female form
681:
680:Female form
665:
664:Female form
649:
648:Female form
633:
628:
616:
614:
603:
601:
600:
595:
584:crimson rose
573:
571:
556:
490:
479:
471:
464:
460:
454:
450:A. pandiyana
448:
434:
359:provinces),
311:
301:
297:
295:
289:
287:
263:
254:crimson rose
239:
227:
222:
221:
220:
210:
186:
184:
168:
167:
155:
145:Papilionidae
39:
18:
2178:iNaturalist
2088:Wikispecies
1923:Evans, W.H.
1486:C. sinensis
1444:including:
1432:Food plants
1387:blue Mormon
1383:caterpillar
1359:Caterpillar
1258:form on top
1242:form on top
1163:Peristrophe
1054:common rose
972:Evans, 1927
630:Karl Jordan
580:common rose
559:polymorphic
439:Description
417:Philippines
351:(including
250:common rose
232:swallowtail
205:Subspecies
135:Lepidoptera
2278:Categories
1824:2017-11-03
1799:2017-11-03
1532:References
1474:C. grandis
1370:The later
1225:Life cycle
938:– W.Yunnan
491:P. polytes
466:P. helenus
461:P. polytes
413:Irian Jaya
321:Bangladesh
211:Many, see
115:Arthropoda
1482:C. medica
1157:Asystasia
1151:Mussaenda
1124:proboscis
1067:doublesex
956:– Sumbawa
561:. In the
546:Sri Lanka
531:Sri Lanka
405:Indonesia
365:Hong Kong
357:Guangdong
345:Singapore
329:Sri Lanka
276:, of the
235:butterfly
163:Species:
101:Kingdom:
95:Eukaryota
2204:LepIndex
2196:10980007
2102:BioLib:
2079:Q1768118
2073:Wikidata
1990:(1957).
1925:(1932).
1868:24598547
1728:(1907).
1677:Archived
1658:Archived
1515:See also
1478:C. limon
1442:Rutaceae
1256:stichius
1216:hindwing
1212:forewing
1205:minerals
1185:stichius
1169:Jasminum
1139:Jatropha
1128:corollar
1079:orchards
1050:Sulawesi
1010:– Bawean
981:Cramer,
927:Cramer,
866:– Lombok
828:Cramer,
777:Linnaeus
750:Taxonomy
682:stichius
666:stichius
604:stichius
544:Female,
486:hindwing
482:forewing
409:Moluccas
407:(except
393:Nicobars
389:Andamans
385:Cambodia
341:Thailand
333:Maldives
313:Pakistan
266:polygamy
252:and the
246:inedible
194:Linnaeus
141:Family:
111:Phylum:
105:Animalia
91:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
40:stichius
2319:Papilio
2256:ZooBank
2248:1018319
2170:1938088
2039:Mimicry
1876:4448793
1848:Bibcode
1640:July 3,
1453:or bael
1372:instars
1240:romulus
1189:romulus
1133:Lantana
1120:flowers
1107:romulus
1091:monsoon
1083:oranges
1073:Habitat
1028:romulus
1015:Mimicry
759:polytes
730:romulus
714:romulus
698:romulus
634:polytes
617:romulus
596:romulus
590:around
377:Vietnam
337:Myanmar
298:papilio
242:mimicry
156:Papilio
151:Genus:
131:Order:
125:Insecta
121:Class:
66: (
2235:106719
2209:169407
2157:PAPIPO
2144:131349
2105:133346
2004:
1976:
1946:
1874:
1866:
1840:Nature
1723::
1601:
1561:
1468:spp. (
1465:Citrus
1438:larvae
1201:saline
1174:nectar
1166:, and
1148:, and
1097:Habits
764:. The
623:mimics
610:mimics
592:Shimla
567:morphs
553:Female
431:Status
425:Saipan
419:, and
401:Brunei
361:Taiwan
353:Hainan
282:London
270:Mormon
226:, the
2222:76194
2191:IRMNG
2183:51588
2131:4CKMX
2118:26302
1872:S2CID
1145:Ixora
1087:limes
766:clade
650:cyrus
615:Form
602:Form
574:cyrus
572:Form
369:Japan
349:China
325:Nepal
317:India
308:Range
260:Names
2217:NCBI
2165:GBIF
2152:EPPO
2113:BOLD
2002:ISBN
1974:ISBN
1944:ISBN
1864:PMID
1642:2018
1599:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1555:IUCN
1436:The
1414:pupa
1412:The
1400:Pupa
1351:Eggs
1330:Pupa
1187:and
1172:for
1085:and
781:1758
476:Male
463:and
411:and
381:Laos
355:and
302:poly
213:text
198:1758
2139:EoL
2126:CoL
1856:doi
1844:507
1591:doi
1282:Egg
1048:In
582:or
427:).
415:),
375:),
280:in
2280::
2258::
2245::
2232::
2219::
2206::
2193::
2180::
2167::
2154::
2141::
2128::
2115::
2090::
2075::
2000:.
1870:.
1862:.
1854:.
1842:.
1816:.
1791:.
1687:^
1633:.
1613:^
1597:.
1573:^
1557:.
1539:^
1484:,
1480:,
1476:,
1472:,
1367:.
1207:.
1176:.
1160:,
1142:,
1136:,
1062:.
779:,
716:UN
700:UP
684:UN
668:UP
652:UN
459:,
453:,
403:,
399:,
391:,
387:,
383:,
379:,
367:,
363:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
323:,
319:,
315:,
304:.
284::
256:.
196:,
2010:.
1982:.
1952:.
1933:.
1878:.
1858::
1850::
1827:.
1802:.
1778:.
1644:.
1627:"
1607:.
1593::
1488:)
423:(
371:(
70:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
