1082:
968:
937:
952:
654:
1141:
152:
1109:
1206:
basket designs are gathered in
October. Good redbud is hard to obtain around Ukiah, so it is usually found at Clear Lake. All these materials are gathered with a thankful heart and the gatherers talk continuously to the plants. They were, after all, living things that were giving themselves for something useful and beautiful. In order to preserve the soil and creek banks, sedge gathering was done with care. The commonly held decision would be leaving behind about half of what was found. Dyeing of the bulrush root takes about three to six months in a concoction of black walnuts, rusty metal and ashes in water.
1228:
1169:
1183:
Pomo
Indians. During the past 30 years, the appreciation for American Indian art has been on the rise, and the art has become in demand â specifically Pomo Indian basketry. Dr. Joallyn Archambault, director of the American Indian Program at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History says: "Since the 1880s, when Pomo baskets first became sought after, the Pomo have changed their lifestyles enormously." Pomo today live normal modern lifestyles, but the basket weavers are still heralded and praised within the community for their artistic ability and skill.
566:
190:
396:
4265:
202:
43:
770:
1194:. Her childhood was rough, constantly moving around until boarding school after her parents' death at 6. Lucy had taught Julia because of her perceived interest in preserving Indian culture and specifically basketry. Julia Parker became cultural demonstrator after Lucy Telles death in 1956. She continued in her studies and later studied Pomo basketry with Pomo master weaver
1152:
first piece of land in
California. Paula Giese noted, "In 1878, a group of Northern Pomo people bought 7 acres in Coyote Valley. In 1880, another Northern Pomo group bought 100 acres along Ackerman Creek (now known as Pinoleville)". In 1881, Yokaya Rancheria was financed by central Pomo people. Once the Pomo Indians had bought the land, it was time to make money.
1239:", classifying them as "domestic dependent nations" under the jurisdiction of the federal government, but with some autonomy from their respective states, including California. Many other self-identified Native American groups are not federally recognized. Since the late 20th century, some states have begun to give formal recognition to tribes in varying ways.
1160:
to create their jewelry. The Pomo
Indians would create stunning, beautiful, and intricate forms of jewelry that were worn during celebrations and rituals, and even given as gifts. Both of these traditions of creation and culture have slowly dispersed and have become less common over the history of the tribe but more evident in today's culture.
1137:
weaving. From 1852 to 1878, many Pomo
Indians tried to rekindle their cultures and find peace to what had happened to them. Many people let this time be a learning and spiritual time, where they could have visions and see what the future would have in store. It was a time to build, a time to connect, a time of hope, and a time of change.
1155:
Baskets were in so much demand at this point, even though they were once used for trade and bartering with other tribes and people, they now became the Pomo people's way to make money and build their newly found empires. Women had preserved Pomo basket weaving traditions, which made a huge change for
1151:
The Pomo
Indians did not have enough money to buy land. The Pomo men decided to work for ranchers and the woman went back to making baskets. The "white" people loved the baskets, especially the designer, feathered ones, which led to a basketry movement. Finally, in 1878, the Pomo Indians bought their
1116:
Although baskets were made for decorating homes and as gifts, they were centrally used in Pomo daily life as well. Basket weaving is considered sacred to the Pomo tribe and baskets were produced for a variety of purposes. Pomo children were cradled in baskets, acorns (a major food staple to the Pomo)
1092:
Making the baskets required great skill and knowledge in collecting and preparing the needed materials. Materials for weaving baskets changed with the seasons and years. The Pomo usually covered a basket completely with the vivid red feathers of the pileated woodpecker until the surface resembled the
947:
Like many other Native groups, the Pomo
Indians of Northern California relied upon fishing, hunting, and gathering for their daily food supply. They ate salmon, wild greens, gnats, mushrooms, berries, grasshoppers, rabbits, rats, and squirrels. Acorns were the most important staple in their diet. The
715:
area. Many Pomo left the valley because of this. One such group fled to the Upper Dry Creek Area. The archeology surveyors of the Lake Sonoma region believe that
European and Euro-American encroachment was the reason why Pomo villages became more centralized; the people retreated to the remote valley
1381:
and lost lands due to lack of understanding the tax system, along with predation by merchants who took advantage of land-rich but cash-poor tribal members. Along with losing their lands, the tribes lost their status as federally recognized tribes and the ability to access federal clinics that served
1182:
Pomo basket weaving is still valued and honored today, not only by the Pomo
Indians themselves, but also by amateur enthusiasts, buyers for curio dealers, and scientific collectors. The Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria are a federally recognized American Indian tribe of Coast Miwok and Southern
1159:
Within this time period in addition to basket weaving, the Pomo also manufactured elaborate jewelry made from abalone and clamshells. Assembled during the winter, during the summer the Pomo would travel from various sites along the coast where they would fish and gather all of their materials needed
1096:
The materials used to make the basketsâincluding, but not limited to, swamp canes, saguaro cactuses, rye grass, black ash, willow shoots, sedge roots, the bark of redbud, the root of bulrush, and the root of the gray pineâwere harvested annually. After being picked, the materials are dried, cleaned,
1077:
Pomo baskets made by Pomo Indian women of
Northern California are recognized worldwide for their exquisite appearance, range of technique, fineness of weave, and diversity of form and use. While women mostly made baskets for cooking, storing food, and religious ceremonies, Pomo men also made baskets
788:
One ghost town in the Lake Sonoma Valley excavations was identified as Amacha, built for 100 people but hardly used. Elder natives of the region remember their grandfathers hid at Amacha in the mid-1850s, trying to evade the colonizing settlers. They tell that one day soldiers took all the people in
608:
and Upper Dry Creek areas. Bowls and mortars and pestles appeared in this phase, probably used by women to pound acorns (as opposed to the milling stones used for seeds). The sites were more settled and, likewise, more "complex". Trade took place on a larger scale beyond the region. Decorative beads
1213:
Today you will see rare baskets being sold for the prices mentioned above. Due to the time and preparation necessary to weave these pieces of art; basket weavers today have more requests than they can fulfill, and many customers wait months before receiving orders. The rarity of the baskets and the
1205:
The materials for baskets were sedge root, willow shoots and roots, bulrush or blackroot, redbud shoots, sometimes bracken fern and a variety of colorful bird feathers, abalone and other types of shells, magnesite beads and sometimes glass beads. Redbud shoots, used for the darker reddish colors in
1104:
There are many different designs that are woven into the baskets that signify different cultural meanings. For example, the Dau is a pattern woven into a basket by creating a small change in the stitching to create a small opening between two stitches. The Dau is the design that is also called the
780:
Shortly after the massacre, during 1851 and 1852, four reservations for the Pomo were established by the United States government in California. Pomo were also part of the forced relocation known as the "Marches to Round Valley" in 1856, conducted by the U.S. federal government. By using bullwhips
1136:
Even though most of their original land was taken over, this was the first turning point for the Pomo people. They had finally escaped the harsh road they were once a part of, and even though they had to settle on poor, isolated land, they finally got to make a stride towards tradition and basket
1100:
Women traditionally wove Pomo baskets with great care and technique. The three different techniques of Pomo basket weaving are plaiting, coiling, and twining. One drying method was wrapping maiden fern in blue clay and placing underground for several days. This prevented fading in the sun or when
1209:
Today, new Pomo baskets might sell for as much as $ 1,000, and the more historical ones might sell for more than $ 10,000. Dealing of these baskets has not always been so lucrative and many have tried to exploit the artists and communities. Dealers and collectors may have exploited the lucrative
749:
and Charles Stone enslaved many Pomo people in order to work as cowboys on their ranch. They forced the Pomo Indians to work in very intense and unorthodox conditions, and sexually abused the Pomo women. The Pomo men were forced to work in harsh conditions and were not given any respect by the
1401:
The Pomo people were traditionally divided into several large groupings, each speaking its own language. While these had no overarching governance structure and villages were politically independent, they had some cultural differences and were recognizable as units to those who lived in them:
641:, and its associated applications, was a major technological advancement which greatly benefited the population. The production of shell beads (and drills to create holes in beads), remained important, with drills being found in high numbers. Numerous
1093:
smoothness of the bird itself. With the feathers, 30-50 to every inch, beads were fastened to the basket's border and hung pendants of polished abalone shell from the basket itself. Pomo women sometimes spent months or years making such gift baskets.
742:, and the Lake Sonoma Valley was homesteaded out. The US government forced many Pomo on to reservations so that the European-Americans could homestead the former Pomo lands. Some Pomo took jobs as ranch laborers; others lived in refugee villages.
1039:
people. It was practiced through 1900. This cult believed in prophets who had dreams, "waking visions" and revelations from "presiding spirits", and "virtually formed a priesthood". The prophets earned much respect and status among the people.
753:
The Pomo men set up a sneak attack and killed both Stone and Kelsey. Because of the deaths of Kelsey and Stone, United States lieutenant J. W. Davidson and captain Nathaniel Lyon sent an army to retaliate against the Pomo people. During the
1156:
the Pomo people. The baskets were wanted all over California; it was a piece of art that traders wanted. Grandmothers and daughters taught other Pomo women, who had lost the tradition of basket weaving, how to make the all-powerful baskets.
909:
The Pomoan languages became severely endangered after European-American colonization of their native territory. Contacts with Russians, the Spanish, and Euro-Americans have impacted these languages, and many are no longer spoken due to
604:. During this phase, the indigenous people settled the lands more extensively, and permanently. Archaeologists believe a Pomo group took over the lands from earlier peoples during this phase. They founded 14 additional sites in the
784:
Richerson & Richerson stated that before the European conquests there was an estimated 3,000 Pomo Indians that lived at Clear Lake; after all of the death, disease, and killings, there were only about 400 Pomo Indians left.
1198:(1899â1990) at Ukiah and several others. Julia belongs to the Miwok Pomo and Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria. Many of her baskets are in museums in Yosemite, Mono Lake and other museums; she even presented her baskets to
1117:
were harvested in great conical burden baskets, and food was stored, cooked, and served in basketsâsome even being watertight. There were even "baskets" that were made as boats to be pushed by men to carry women across rivers.
902:(1877) was the first to refer to this entire language family with the name "Pomo", and the geographic names that have been used to refer to the seven individual Pomoan languages (e.g. Southeastern Pomo) were introduced by
3749:
636:
The next phase, named the "Smith Phase" after the Pomo consultants, lasted from 1300 CE to the mid-19th century. Researchers mapped 30 sites in this era, showing a gradual evolving and intensification of trends.
781:
and guns, white settlers demanded relocation to reservations of the Pomo Indian. The justification given was that to protect their culture, the Pomo Indians had to be removed from their ancestral land.
690:
The Spanish missionaries stole or enslaved many of the southern Pomo from the Santa Rosa Plain to Mission San Rafael, at present-day San Rafael, between 1821 and 1828. Only a few Pomo speakers went to
407:
The people called Pomo were originally linked by location, language, and cultural expression. They were not socially or politically linked as a unified group. Instead, they lived in small groups or
944:
The Pomo Indian cultures are several ethnolinguistic groups that make up a single language family in Northern California. Pomo cultures originally encompassed hundreds of independent communities.
3836:
735:, caused numerous deaths of native people in the Sonoma and Napa regions. Mission treatment of Pomo was similar to that of slavery, and many Pomo died due to inhospitable living conditions.
617:
objects were also found, which must have been imported into the region through trade, as the rocks do not exist locally. Relatively soft and easy to carve, soapstone was used to make beads,
1383:
2856:. Reports of the University of California Archaeological Survey. Vol. 68, part III. Berkeley: University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Department of Anthropology.
3570:
3494:
1125:
A commercial market for authentic baskets developed in the latter part of the 19th century, lasting from about 1876 to the 1930s. Two Pomo people who capitalized on this market were
664:
There were an estimated 8,000 to 21,000 Pomo among 70 tribes speaking seven Pomo languages at the time of European contact. The way of life of the Pomo changed with the arrival of
1214:
skill are required in making them in what makes them valuable. The demand is greater than the supply, and collectors facilitate a high demand for these artistically made baskets.
3465:
3176:
4639:
4013:
4644:
3723:
1324:
1309:
4649:
4253:
1354:
2960:(Report). Center for Archaeological Research at Davis Publication. Vol. 13. Davis, CA: Center for Archaeological Research at Davis, Department of Anthropology,
1210:
basket market, but it still paid well enough to provide income to Pomo women where hunting and gathering were no longer feasible and money was needed for survival.
1016:(depending on their dialect), who lived in the south and who came during ceremonies to heal their illnesses, along with spirits from six cardinal directions, and
1365:
633:. The existence of steatite in Pomo and Northern California native sites is a strong indicator of the size and complexity of native California trade networks.
4231:
1304:
1133:
and the Bensons may have been the first California Indians who supported themselves solely by crafting and selling their baskets to collectors and museums.
1008:, shamanic intervention with the spirit world, and an all-male society that met in subterranean dance rooms. The Pomo believed in a supernatural being, the
948:
division of labor in Pomo Indian communities typically involved gathering and preparation of plant-based foods by women, while men were hunters and fishers.
4221:
3937:
3828:
3259:. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Vol. Bulletin 30, Part 2. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 893â894.
1329:
1264:
1274:
1000:, which was held by people in Central and Northern California. It included elaborate acting and dancing ceremonies in traditional costume, an annual
817:
In 1770 there were about 8,000 Pomo people; in 1851 population was estimated between 3,500 and 5,000; and in 1880 estimated at 1,450. Anthropologist
3819:
3238:. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Vol. Bulletin 30, Part 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 665.
1479:
1360:
1349:
3690:
1081:
4246:
4634:
4624:
3550:
731:. They did not have immunity to such diseases and fatalities were high. In 1837 a deadly epidemic of smallpox, originating in settlements at
3779:
Gonzalez, Sara; Modzelewski, Darren (2007). "Pathways through Time: The Kashaya Pomo Interpretive Trail at Fort Ross State Historic Park".
804:
area. Her style was sympathetic and poignant, as she portrayed domestic native scenes that would have been fast disappearing in that time.
967:
4629:
1105:
Spirit Door. This Spirit Door allows good spirits to come and circulate inside of the basket while the good or bad spirits are released.
2387:
3447:
3154:
3116:
1055:
561:; surveyors suggested that, compared to the lower river valleys, this remote area was only sparsely inhabited before the Pomo arrived.
4614:
4239:
3434:
3852:
3702:
3901:
898:
in 1853. This name for the language family is derived from the name of one Eastern Pomo village on the south shore of Clear Lake.
4005:
3740:
4213:
3715:
1314:
4261:
3578:
Sutton, Imre (2006). "Researching Indigenous Indians in Southern California: Commentary, Bibliography, and Online Resources".
2813:. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Vol. Bulletin 78. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
951:
387:, to refer to not only the Pomo language but the entire group of people speaking it, as wellâthe people known as Pomo, today.
4175:
4144:
4117:
3459:
3392:
3170:
3024:
2969:
2917:
2882:
2835:
2789:
2695:
2634:
2600:
2565:
2530:
1378:
1284:
3856:
3800:
3649:
2935:
Stewart, Suzanne B. (1985). Time before Time: Prehistory and Archaeology in the Lake Sonoma Area (Report). Sacramento, CA:
763:
2148:
4619:
3983:
3645:
694:, the other Franciscan mission, located on the north side of San Francisco Bay. The Pomo who remained in the present-day
3706:
914:
to English, accelerated by policies such as the 1887 ban on the teaching in Native American languages put into place by
645:
beads, a major currency among the peoples of Central California, were also found, also suggesting a vast trade network.
427:-speaking peoples; per this theory, a Hokan-speaking people migrated into the upland valley regions near Clear Lake ca.
3620:
3383:
1294:
622:
3975:
3637:
126:
4093:
2109:
4269:
1742:
273:
107:
2784:. California Natural History Guides. Vol. 46. Berkeley; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press.
2961:
2738:
581:
and other handstones for grinding seed and nuts. The villages may have been used for hunting or temporary camps.
281:
79:
2958:
Cultural Diversity and Culture Change in Prehistoric Clear Lake Basin: Final Report of the Anderson Flat Project
2852:
Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, Part III: Ethnological Notes on Central California Indian Tribes
766:
slaughtered between 60 and 100 people, mostly women and children of the Clear Lake Pomo and neighboring tribes.
2687:
2061:
1319:
1299:
630:
64:
3970:
2485:
2154:
431:, where their language evolved into Proto-Pomoan. Another theory places the Pomoan ancestral community in the
3997:
3963:
3936:; Richerson, Scott (2001). Boyer, Amy J.; Goggans, Jan; Leroy, Daniel; Robertson, David; Thayer, Rob (eds.).
3771:
1145:
858:
Pomo, also known as Pomoan or less commonly Kulanapan, is a language family that includes seven distinct and
3917:
936:
86:
4340:
3112:
2936:
2828:
Surviving Through the Days: Translations of Native California Stories and Songs, A California Indian Reader
2542:
1848:
1251:
691:
626:
482:
analyses and discoveries have suggested that the local native economy, which was based on women processing
348:
211:
3513:
Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1885-'86
1449:
The following historical list of Pomo villages and tribes is taken largely from John Wesley Powell, 1891:
3686:
2909:
1860:
1236:
1049:
653:
582:
17:
3810:
3673:
2359:
2264:
2262:
2115:
1140:
1097:
split, soaked, and dyed. Sometimes the materials are also boiled over a fire and set in the sun to dry.
550:, the oldest human habitation documented in the valley. They consider it part of the Skaggs Phase (3000â
339:. It originally meant "those who live at red earth hole" and was once the name of a village in southern
4072:
3674:
2996:
2160:
1493:
915:
895:
875:
867:
708:
297:
151:
3986:. Friends of Tolay Lake Park. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016 – via Wayback Machine.
609:
and ornaments were made in this phase, and approximately half of the artifacts were made of obsidian.
93:
2259:
1745:, also known as "Manchester Rancheria Roundhouse", listed on the National Register of Historic Places
1587:
1518:
1269:
1243:
960:
841:
834:
830:
826:
432:
340:
305:
227:
3252:
3227:
3096:
1069:
roots are used to make baskets, and used to tend fishing traps. They are also used to make torches.
683:
coming in from the south and east. The Pomo native to the coastline and Fort Ross were known as the
4209:
3795:
2383:
2067:
1344:
3843:
3474:
2491:
4538:
3108:
2626:
1683:
1469:
1334:
1247:
1126:
956:
925:
759:
590:
285:
223:
219:
75:
53:
4042:
4035:
3982:
2334:
2332:
1854:
1058:
is extensive. The body of narratives is classed within the Central California cultural pattern.
3875:(2012). "Leadership Traditions in Native California: An Imperfect Art for an Imperfect World".
3507:
3373:
2746:
1535:
1528:
1507:
1172:
1108:
883:
863:
859:
755:
712:
695:
4004:
1866:
621:, as well as mortars. The largest and only substantial steatite mine in California existed on
2904:
Lost Laborers in Colonial California: Native Americans and the Archaeology of Rancho Petaluma
2680:
2329:
1926:
1500:
1437:
879:
871:
491:
467:. Their language diverged into western, southern, central and northern Pomoan, respectively.
301:
60:
31:
3809:
3326:
2808:
2653:
1168:
918:. There are about twelve Pomo language varieties that are still in use by Pomo people. One,
3231:
3100:
2845:
1722:
1552:
1511:
1486:
1259:
844:, there are 10,308 Pomo people in the United States. Of these, 8,578 reside in California.
750:
settlers. Exasperated with the violence and oppression of Stone and Kelsey, they rebelled.
739:
605:
460:
436:
3305:
3133:
2034:
1227:
478:
areas prior to being displaced by the Pomo, who subsequently took over the region. Modern
8:
4136:
4047:
3697:
3411:
3188:
3000:
2538:
2268:
1637:
1630:
1593:
1339:
277:
3591:
3387:. Vol. 8: California. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 274â288.
2902:
2751:
2717:
894:
classified the language family as Kulanapan in 1891, using the name first introduced by
525:
have been unearthed at Tolay Lake, southern Sonoma County, attributed to both Pomo and
4080:
3893:
3844:
3682:
3612:
3502:
3289:
3272:
King, J. C. H. (1999). "Pomo Indian Basket Weavers. Their Baskets and the Art Market".
3214:
3005:
2874:
1677:
1460:
1279:
1176:
1130:
1017:
891:
821:
estimated a population of 747 in 1908, but that is probably low; fellow anthropologist
774:
720:
543:
495:
289:
4129:
3016:
2589:
4181:
4171:
4150:
4140:
4113:
3991:
3957:
3945:
3880:
3784:
3765:
3732:
3653:
3562:
3537:
3516:
3486:
3455:
3426:
3398:
3388:
3359:
3334:
3313:
3260:
3239:
3166:
3141:
3120:
3079:
3054:
3030:
3020:
3007:
Americanizing the American Indian: Writings by the "Friends of the Indian," 1880-1900
2975:
2965:
2940:
2923:
2913:
2888:
2878:
2857:
2831:
2814:
2795:
2785:
2761:
2723:
2691:
2675:
2663:
2640:
2630:
2606:
2596:
2571:
2561:
2554:
2526:
1603:
1235:
The United States acknowledges many groups of native people of the United States as "
822:
801:
503:
487:
464:
456:
452:
428:
313:
3071:
3046:
2778:
2595:. American Indian Map-book Series. Vol. 1. Healdsburg: Naturegraph Publishers.
1506:
Gallinoméro (better Kainameah, Kianamaras or Licatiuts) (Russian River Valley below
565:
4320:
4204:
3872:
3587:
3281:
3204:
3180:
3162:
3012:
2953:
2850:
2713:
2579:
1758:
1728:
1704:
1693:
1568:
1085:
Girl's Coiled Dowry or Puberty Basket (kol-chu or ti-ri-bu-ku), late 19th century,
1005:
887:
853:
684:
400:
384:
344:
256:
244:
240:
3750:"The Pomo Death March: A Little Known Relocation Event in Native American History"
100:
4454:
4225:
4167:
3933:
3796:
3757:
3209:
3192:
2701:
1748:
1716:
1559:
1548:
1388:
1187:
1086:
975:
558:
547:
424:
700:
4500:
4325:
4060:
3944:. Davis, CA: University of California, Davis. Public Service Research Program.
3140:. Vol. 12, no. 10. Berkeley: The University Press. pp. 397â441.
3042:
1753:
997:
911:
903:
899:
818:
673:
260:
4533:
4154:
3952:. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018 – via Wayback Machine.
3402:
3285:
3264:
3243:
3145:
3124:
2861:
2799:
2765:
2610:
2575:
800:
painted over 600 portraits, mainly of Pomo individuals living near her in the
4609:
4603:
4553:
4505:
4433:
3949:
3884:
3788:
3698:
3566:
3541:
3490:
3430:
3378:
3363:
3338:
3317:
3312:. Vol. 4, no. 6. Berkeley: The University Press. pp. 319â356.
3301:
3078:. Vol. 7, no. 3. Berkeley: The University Press. pp. 133â308.
2892:
2773:
2758:
2659:
2618:
1661:
Yusal Pomo ('Usal people', the Sinkyone Athabaskan people of Usal Creek area)
987:
773:
Members of the Round Valley Indian Tribe retrace a forced 1863 relocation to
746:
642:
586:
293:
215:
195:
4185:
3657:
3600:
3520:
3347:
3333:. Vol. 12, no. 2. Berkeley: The University Press. pp. 31â69.
2979:
2944:
2927:
2727:
2705:
2644:
4427:
4304:
4068:
3971:
3331:
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
3310:
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
3138:
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
3083:
3076:
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
3058:
3053:. Vol. 6, no. 1. Berkeley: The University Press. pp. 1â332.
3051:
University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology
2667:
2522:
1623:
1199:
1025:
797:
711:
Valley, a missionary colonized and baptized the Makahmo Pomo people of the
704:
in regional history books from the time of Spanish and Mexican occupation.
676:
658:
408:
3034:
2818:
2757:. Anthropological Records. Vol. 25 (Reprint ed.). Millwood, NY:
1382:
other federally recognized tribes. In a decision dated July 19, 1983 the
4583:
4573:
4438:
4351:
4330:
4290:
3558:
3482:
3438:
2549:
2514:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2097:
1710:
1698:
1689:
1671:
1658:
Kato Pomo ('lake people', the Cahto/Kato Athabaskan band of Cahto Valley)
1288:
1195:
1191:
1021:
594:
526:
479:
475:
420:
375:
after the names of places, to mean a subgroup of people of the place. By
309:
3908:
3616:
2988:
2625:. Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics. Vol. 4. New York:
2365:
2155:
University of California, Berkeley, "Southeastern Pomo Language Project"
1914:
395:
4458:
4401:
4315:
4285:
4264:
3713:
3087:
3062:
2623:
American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America
2439:
2437:
2166:
1645:
1610:
1242:
The Pomo groups presently recognized by the United States are based in
1035:
A later shamanistic movement was the "Messiah Cult", introduced by the
522:
518:
510:
324:
207:
4406:
3811:"Beauty of Pomo Indian Baskets Endures; Their Value Continues to Rise"
3293:
3218:
2519:
Remember Your Relations: The Elsie Allen Baskets, Family & Friends
2293:
2274:
1938:
1655:
Athabaskan bands, possibly including some of the northern Cahto bands)
4568:
4472:
4422:
4385:
4300:
2024:
2022:
993:
732:
680:
669:
614:
578:
451:, bolstered by Clear Lake and its abundant natural resources. Around
352:
4335:
4199:
4101:
4036:"Conference Brings Pomo Basketry to Life, Keeping a Tradition Alive"
3468:
from the original on November 25, 2020 – via Encyclopedia.com.
2461:
2449:
2434:
1731:(1941â2010), basket weaver who created a program to revive the craft
1454:
BallĂł KaĂŹ Pomo, "Oat Valley People"(Potter Valley, Mendocino County)
1384:
United States District Court for the Northern District of California
928:
due to efforts by Clear Lake Pomo Cultural Preservation Foundation.
42:
4517:
4511:
4395:
4380:
4310:
4295:
4280:
3533:
1641:
1001:
728:
665:
618:
610:
448:
360:
335:
329:
3551:"The Development of the Commercial Market for Pomo Indian Baskets"
2116:
2010 U.S. Census, "American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File"
2019:
1836:
4543:
4495:
4489:
4449:
4444:
4416:
4364:
4360:
4346:
3909:
3737:
Native American Indian: Art, Culture, Education, History, Science
3666:
3454:. Vol. 1: North America. New York: Macmillan Reference USA.
2830:. Berkeley; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press.
2682:
The Conflict Between the California Indian and White Civilization
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1771:
1652:
724:
638:
3716:"Only living Elem Pomo speaker teaches so she won't be the last"
3515:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 7â148.
1802:
1800:
1798:
1618:
Non-Pomo villages and tribes considered "Pomo" in Powell, 1891:
1280:
Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria
4578:
4527:
4522:
4479:
4464:
2223:
1036:
789:
the village to government lands and burned the village houses.
551:
530:
471:
444:
372:
351:. The word may also have referred to the local deposits of red
308:, where they were separated from the majority of Pomo lands by
2424:
2422:
2420:
1962:
4588:
4563:
4558:
4548:
4411:
4375:
4370:
3807:
3756:. Archived from the original on January 10, 2013 – via
3011:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 197â206.
2338:
2068:
Grace Hudson Museum & Sun House, "Grace Carpenter Hudson"
1795:
1066:
483:
3161:. Vol. 4: California, Plateau (3rd ed.). Detroit:
2492:
Alliance for California Traditional Arts, "Luwana Quitiquit"
1629:
Kai Pomo ('grass people', the Cahto/Kato Athabaskan band of
1609:
YusĂąl (or KĂĄmalel) Pomo, "Ocean People" (on coast and along
769:
533:
site, the lake is a ceremonial gathering and healing place.
359:) or to the reddish, earthen clay soil of the area, rich in
4390:
4356:
3942:
Putah and Cache: A Thinking Mammal's Guide to the Watershed
2417:
1325:
Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester Rancheria
1310:
Kashia Band of Pomo Indians of the Stewarts Point Rancheria
1260:
Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria
601:
570:
459:, some of these people relocated into the areas of today's
376:
356:
3891:
3826:
2473:
2287:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2126:
2124:
2040:
1986:
1984:
1877:
1875:
1855:
Friends of Tolay Lake Park, "Natural and Cultural History"
1355:
Round Valley Indian Tribes of the Round Valley Reservation
723:
diseases brought by the Euro-American migrants, including
3601:"Cultural and Social Change Among the Coast Central Pomo"
3047:"The Ethno-Geography of the Pomo and Neighboring Indians"
2211:
1950:
4006:"Tolay Lake Regional Park: Cultural and Natural History"
3829:"Bloody Island atrocity remembered at Saturday ceremony"
3675:"American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File Dataset"
2512:
2299:
2247:
2049:
1904:
1902:
1887:
1867:
Sonoma County Regional Parks, "Tolay Lake Regional Park"
1372:
3898:
Mendocino Coast Model Railroad & Historical Society
3508:"Indian Linguistic Families of America North of Mexico"
2121:
1981:
1872:
1824:
1783:
1366:
Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California
919:
4640:
Native American tribes in Mendocino County, California
3527:
2999:(1973) . "The English Language in Indian Schools". In
2405:
2393:
2235:
2085:
2028:
1345:
Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California
474:
speakers, lived first in the Russian River Valley and
4200:
Gold, Greed & Genocide: The Pomo & The Paiute
3475:"Change and Continuity: Transformations of Pomo Life"
2989:
Journal articles, book chapters, encyclopedia entries
2305:
1899:
1812:
1577:
MitoĂĄm Kai Pomo, "Wooded Valley People" (Little Lake)
1305:
Hopland Band of Pomo Indians of the Hopland Rancheria
924:, which is spoken by Elem Pomo, is in the process of
3974:. Berkeley, CA: University of California, Berkeley.
3425:. San Francisco: American Quilt Study Group: 41â47.
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
738:
The Russian River Valley was settled in 1850 by the
363:(also mined for use). In the Northern Pomo dialect,
4645:
Native American tribes in Sonoma County, California
4073:"Within 30 years, the Santa Rosa Indians were gone"
3778:
3530:
The American Indian Experience: The American Mosaic
3437:from the original on February 23, 2021 – via
3179:from the original on November 25, 2020 – via
3115:. Vol. Bulletin 30, Part 2. Washington, D.C.:
2655:
Pomo Indian Myths and Some of Their Sacred Meanings
2347:
2269:
Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, "Culture"
2073:
1517:GualĂĄla (better Ahkhawalalee) (northwest corner of
1386:restored the status of 17 California rancherias in
1357:(a confederation of several tribes, including Pomo)
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4128:
3932:
3799:. Ukiah, CA: Grace Hudson Museum & Sun House.
3506:
3372:
3352:Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology
3004:
2901:
2849:
2777:
2750:
2679:
2591:The Pomo Indians of California and Their Neighbors
2588:
2553:
2136:
1975:
1330:Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California
1265:Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California
4650:Native American tribes in Lake County, California
4102:Books for primary & secondary school students
1996:
1275:Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California
1175:curated at the Jesse Peter Multicultural Museum,
1078:for fishing weirs, bird traps, and baby baskets.
716:to band together for defense and mutual support.
4601:
2951:
2317:
1842:
1361:Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California
1350:Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California
1270:Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California
687:. They interacted and traded with the Russians.
597:. The population lived only along major creeks.
4107:
3984:"Tolay Lake Park: Natural and Cultural History"
3370:
2556:Pomo Basketmaking: A Supreme Art for The Weaver
1806:
1602:YokĂĄya (or Ukiah) Pomo, "Lower Valley People" (
542:At the "broken bridge" site, researchers using
3667:Magazine & newspaper articles, web sources
2772:
2560:(Rev. ed.). Healdsburg, CA: Naturegraph.
1541:Kastel Pomo (between Eel River and South Fork)
1222:
4247:
4166:. The Library of Native Americans. New York:
3409:
2651:
1254:counties. They include the following tribes:
1190:. She is a master weaver, having woven under
672:(1812 to 1841) on the Pacific coastline, and
600:The "Dry Creek" Phase lasted from 500 BCE to
546:of artifacts determined it was inhabited ca.
3914:Digital Atlas of California Native Americans
3879:. Vol. 26, no. 1. pp. 10â15.
3783:. Vol. 20, no. 3. pp. 31â34.
3642:American Indian Reservations and Trust Areas
3580:American Indian Culture and Research Journal
3371:McClendon, Sally; Oswalt, Robert L. (1978).
3257:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
3236:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
3105:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
2586:
2367:Digital Atlas of California Native Americans
1524:Kabinapek (western part of Clear Lake basin)
745:During this time period, two settlers named
3598:
3548:
3306:"The Religion of the Indians of California"
2780:The Natural World of the California Indians
2753:Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo
1990:
1707:, software engineer and indigenous activist
1217:
1072:
1032:, their interpretation of a healer spirit.
577:Both of these Skaggs-Phase sites contained
4254:
4240:
3747:
3685:). 2010 Census of Population and Housing.
3557:. Vol. 40, no. 1. Philadelphia:
3481:. Vol. 40, no. 1. Philadelphia:
3159:UXL Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes
2652:Clark, Cora; Williams, Texa Bowen (1954).
657:A Pomo Dancer (Kal-si-wa, Rosa Peters) by
399:Map of the historical distribution of the
3636:Tiller, Veronica E. Velarde, ed. (1996).
3472:
3327:"California Place Names of Indian Origin"
3208:
3069:
3041:
2848:(December 1967). Robert F. Heizer (ed.).
2722:. Vol. 14. Seattle: Self-published.
2467:
2455:
2443:
1574:MisĂĄlamagn or Musakakn (above Healdsburg)
1056:Pomo myths, legends, tales, and histories
1043:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
4205:Pomo Bear Doctors, by S.A. Barrett, 1917
4161:
3871:
3853:Alliance for California Traditional Arts
3822:from the original on September 30, 2020.
3703:Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians
3345:
2899:
2617:
2587:Brown, Vinson; Andrews, Douglas (1969).
2399:
1956:
1777:
1226:
1167:
1139:
1107:
1080:
966:
950:
935:
768:
698:area of Sonoma County were often called
652:
564:
394:
300:), lived in the vicinity of present-day
4067:
4051:. January 13, 2003. pp. 1 & 12
3912:. Native American Heritage Commission.
3904:from the original on November 12, 2020.
3324:
3300:
3250:
3225:
3187:
3152:
3131:
3094:
2934:
2868:
2844:
2806:
2745:
2479:
2428:
2411:
2253:
2241:
2229:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2103:
2091:
2055:
1944:
1932:
1908:
1893:
1881:
1830:
1818:
1789:
1163:
1144:Pomo basket (collected in 1905) in the
158:Pomo woman in traditional dress (2015).
14:
4602:
4214:National Museum of the American Indian
4016:from the original on October 24, 2020.
3978:from the original on January 19, 2022.
3803:from the original on February 6, 2020.
3635:
3605:The Journal of California Anthropology
3577:
3501:
3445:
2995:
2825:
2712:
2311:
2300:Abel-Vidor, Brovarney & Billy 1996
2217:
2142:
2130:
1920:
1692:(born 1962), singer of the metal band
1665:
1315:Koi Nation of the Lower Lake Rancheria
334:
328:
4235:
4112:. Native Americans. Edina, MN: Abdo.
4027:
3920:from the original on October 28, 2020
3739:. Native Basketry: Survival, Beauty.
3730:
2873:. Images of America. Charleston, SC:
2810:Handbook of the Indians of California
2716:(1924). Hodge, Frederick Webb (ed.).
2548:
2537:Catalog of an exhibition held at the
2513:Abel-Vidor, Suzanne; Brovarney, Dot;
2353:
2013:
1544:Kato Pomo, "Lake People" (Clear Lake)
1379:California Rancheria Termination Acts
1373:California Rancheria Termination Acts
1285:Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria
974:, Pomo (Native American), 1906â1907,
4635:History of Sonoma County, California
4625:History of Colusa County, California
4343:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
4210:Brief summary regarding Pomo baskets
4126:
4012:. Santa Rosa, CA: County of Sonoma.
3972:"Southeastern Pomo Language Project"
3859:from the original on August 29, 2020
3839:from the original on April 24, 2021.
3709:from the original on April 21, 2021.
3271:
3070:Barrett, Samuel A. (December 1908).
2674:
2323:
2079:
1396:
536:
383:had been broadened, at least in the
343:, near the present-day community of
274:Native American people of California
182:Regions with significant populations
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
4033:
3743:from the original on March 5, 2021.
3714:Fagan, Kevin (September 29, 2007).
3646:Economic Development Administration
3623:from the original on April 20, 2018
3592:10.17953/aicr.30.3.v12v8884w2x307t3
1935:, "Origins and group affiliations".
825:reported 1,200 Pomo counted in the
506:â6300 BP) in the Clear Lake Basin.
355:(mined and utilized for making red
24:
4630:History of Napa County, California
4212:as part of a virtual tour for the
4022:
3827:Larson, Elizabeth (May 12, 2007).
3726:from the original on May 15, 2021.
3693:from the original on June 3, 2021.
3384:Handbook of North American Indians
3255:. In Hodge, Frederick Webb (ed.).
1295:Guidiville Rancheria of California
833:there were 1,143 Pomo, and by the
509:
423:hypotheses, the Pomo descend from
150:
25:
4661:
4193:
4108:Gray-Kanatiiosh, Barbara (2002).
3940:. Putah-Cache Bioregion Project.
3599:Theodoratus, Dorothea J. (1974).
3573:from the original on May 1, 2020.
3497:from the original on May 1, 2020.
3410:Metzler-Smith, Sandra J. (1981).
3017:10.4159/harvard.9780674435056.c31
2505:
1485:Eastern People (Clear Lake about
972:Doctor's Headdress (guk-tsu-shua)
792:From 1891 to 1935, starting with
403:with neighboring groups indicated
296:. One small group, the Tceefoka (
284:to the west, extending inland to
4615:Indigenous peoples of California
4270:Indigenous peoples of California
4263:
3325:Kroeber, Alfred L. (June 1916).
3153:Edwards, Laurie J., ed. (2012).
3134:"Ceremonies of the Pomo Indians"
3132:Barrett, Samuel A. (July 1917).
1743:Point Arena Rancheria Roundhouse
992:The Pomo people participated in
557:"Oregon Oak Place" was dated at
498:, may have developed during the
463:and northward, near present-day
411:linked by lineage and marriage.
200:
188:
41:
4135:. Native Peoples. Mankato, MN:
4094:Sonoma State University Library
2739:Northwestern University Library
2373:
1377:Many Pomo were impacted by the
1186:One of those basket weavers is
1120:
1112:Pomo basket on display, ca.1900
812:
648:
276:. Historical Pomo territory in
52:needs additional citations for
4441:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
3808:Harney, Tom (April 19, 1992).
3452:Encyclopedia of World Cultures
3348:"Salt Pomo: An Ethnogeography"
2776:; Elsasser, Albert B. (1980).
2688:University of California Press
1976:Richerson & Richerson 2001
1636:Kamalel Pomo ('ocean people',
1320:Lytton Rancheria of California
1300:Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake
1061:
585:was used, albeit rarely, from
13:
1:
4157:– via Internet Archive.
3818:. Smithsonian News Services.
3549:Smith-Ferri, Sherrie (1998).
3523:– via Internet Archive.
3405:– via Internet Archive.
3320:– via Internet Archive.
3267:– via Internet Archive.
3246:– via Internet Archive.
3148:– via Internet Archive.
3127:– via Internet Archive.
3037:– via Internet Archive.
2930:– via Internet Archive.
2900:Silliman, Stephen W. (2004).
2864:– via Internet Archive.
2826:Luthin, Herbert, ed. (2002).
2802:– via Internet Archive.
2768:– via Internet Archive.
2708:– via Internet Archive.
2613:– via Internet Archive.
2500:
2390:at 2 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 2, 1983)
1146:Ethnological Museum of Berlin
996:; one form this took was the
807:
629:off the coast of what is now
414:
4010:Sonoma County Regional Parks
3733:"Pomo People: Brief History"
3473:Patterson, Victoria (1998).
3450:. In Levinson, David (ed.).
3210:10.1525/aa.1903.5.2.02a00160
3113:Bureau of American Ethnology
2937:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
2552:(1972). Vinson Brown (ed.).
2543:Oakland Museum of California
1843:White & Fredrickson 2002
1599:SokĂła (Russian River Valley)
1583:Senel (Russian River Valley)
955:A Pomo religious dance near
847:
517:Over a thousand prehistoric
490:, and first observed by the
7:
3877:News from Native California
3781:News from Native California
3687:United States Census Bureau
3650:U.S. Department of Commerce
3528:Pritzker, Barry M. "Pomo".
3446:Oswalt, Robert L. (2005) .
3095:Barrett, Samuel A. (1910).
2997:Atkins, John DeWitt Clinton
2910:University of Arizona Press
2807:Kroeber, Alfred L. (1925).
1807:McClendon & Oswalt 1978
1735:
1430:(Northeastern or Salt Pomo)
1237:federally recognized tribes
1223:Federally recognized tribes
1050:Pomo traditional narratives
981:
719:The Pomo suffered from the
280:was large, bordered by the
10:
4666:
4620:California Mission Indians
4162:Williams, Jack S. (2003).
3117:Government Printing Office
1640:people, possibly also the
1047:
985:
940:Pomo house, of wicker-work
931:
916:John DeWitt Clinton Atkins
851:
443:) forests met with inland
390:
379:, the meaning of the word
29:
4276:
3996:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3962:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3770:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3286:10.1525/aa.1999.101.3.619
2956:, eds. (April 20, 2002).
2719:The North American Indian
2686:. Berkeley; Los Angeles:
2380:Hardwick v. United States
1463:(Rio Grande or Big River)
1436:(Clear Lake Pomo), spoke
842:2010 United States Census
758:of 1850, on an island in
470:Another people, possibly
261:traditional Pomo religion
255:
250:
239:
234:
186:
181:
168:
163:
149:
3797:"Grace Carpenter Hudson"
3412:"Quilts in Pomo Culture"
3346:McCarthy, Helen (1986).
3193:"The Kato Pomo not Pomo"
2962:University of California
2232:, pp. 398, 440â441.
1765:
1218:Villages and communities
1073:Basket weaving tradition
4539:Plains and Sierra Miwok
4398:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
3916:. State of California.
3720:San Francisco Chronicle
3660:– via HathiTrust.
3341:– via HathiTrust.
3274:American Anthropologist
3251:Goddard, P. E. (1910).
3226:Goddard, P. E. (1907).
3197:American Anthropologist
3109:Smithsonian Institution
2939:, Sacramento District.
2871:The Pomo of Lake County
2869:Patrick, K. C. (2008).
2821:– via HathiTrust.
2670:– via HathiTrust.
2627:Oxford University Press
2168:San Francisco Chronicle
1684:William Ralganal Benson
1622:Batemdikayi (name of a
1335:Pinoleville Pomo Nation
1231:A Pomo roundhouse today
1127:William Ralganal Benson
920:
860:mutually unintelligible
764:1st Dragoons US Cavalry
27:Indigenous Californians
4224:June 10, 2007, at the
4164:The Pomo of California
3748:Gilio-Whitaker, Dina.
3072:"Pomo Indian Basketry"
1596:(Russian River Valley)
1571:(Russian River Valley)
1232:
1179:
1173:Fully feathered basket
1148:
1113:
1089:
1044:Traditional narratives
1020:as their ancestor and
978:
964:
941:
777:
756:Bloody Island Massacre
679:and European-American
661:
574:
494:upon their arrival in
435:region, where coastal
404:
155:
4508:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
4341:Eel River Athapaskans
3731:Giese, Paula (1997).
3689:. December 13, 2012.
3532:. Santa Barbara, CA:
3232:Hodge, Frederick Webb
3101:Hodge, Frederick Webb
2954:Fredrickson, David A.
1644:Athabaskan people of
1565:Kulanapo (Clear Lake)
1230:
1171:
1143:
1111:
1084:
970:
954:
939:
862:languages, including
772:
656:
568:
419:According to certain
398:
154:
32:Pomo (disambiguation)
4084:(Column). lc19930502
3652:. pp. 227â310.
3644:. Washington, D.C.:
3374:"Pomo: Introduction"
3119:. pp. 276â277.
3001:Prucha, Francis Paul
2431:, pp. 145, 154.
2288:Phillips, "The Pomo"
2170:, September 29, 2007
1723:Essie Pinola Parrish
1164:Basket weaving today
502:Culture period (ca.
461:Russian River Valley
441:Sequoia sempervirens
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
4127:Lund, Bill (1997).
4048:Ukiah Daily Journal
3555:Expedition Magazine
3503:Powell, John Wesley
3479:Expedition Magazine
2952:White, Gregory G.;
2539:Grace Hudson Museum
2482:, pp. 375â376.
2220:, pp. 170â171.
2208:, pp. 423â431.
2196:, pp. 364â384.
2184:, pp. 327â346.
1845:, pp. 345â351.
1666:Notable Pomo people
1445:(Southeastern Pomo)
1409:(Southwestern Pomo)
1340:Potter Valley Tribe
829:. According to the
569:A Pomo person in a
278:Northern California
146:
4218:All Roads Are Good
4081:The Press Democrat
4028:Newspaper articles
3845:"Luwana Quitiquit"
3701:. Santa Rosa, CA:
3534:ABC-CLIO Solutions
3304:(September 1907).
3302:Kroeber, Alfred L.
3276:(Exhibit review).
3043:Barrett, Samuel A.
2875:Arcadia Publishing
2676:Cook, Sherburne F.
2470:, p. 281, fn. 348.
2458:, p. 260, fn. 298.
2446:, p. 279, fn. 345.
1678:Mary Knight Benson
1534:Kai Pomo (between
1470:Choam Chadila Pomo
1291:and Southern Pomo)
1233:
1200:Queen Elizabeth II
1180:
1177:Santa Rosa College
1149:
1131:Mary Knight Benson
1114:
1090:
1004:ceremony, puberty
979:
965:
942:
892:John Wesley Powell
837:there were 4,766.
778:
775:Covelo, California
662:
631:Los Angeles County
575:
544:radiocarbon dating
496:Central California
405:
327:of the Pomo words
156:
144:
4597:
4596:
4177:978-0-8239-6436-9
4146:978-0-516-20525-0
4137:Bridgestone Books
4119:978-1-57765-600-5
4034:Lambert, Leeann.
3873:Margolin, Malcolm
3816:Los Angeles Times
3461:978-0-02-866086-8
3394:978-0-16-004578-3
3379:Heizer, Robert F.
3172:978-1-4144-9098-4
3045:(February 1908).
3026:978-0-674-02975-0
2971:978-1-883019-14-3
2919:978-0-8165-2381-8
2884:978-0-7385-5604-8
2837:978-0-520-22270-0
2791:978-0-520-03896-7
2774:Heizer, Robert F.
2759:Kraus Reprint Co.
2714:Curtis, Edward S.
2697:978-0-520-03143-2
2636:978-0-19-509427-5
2602:978-0-911010-30-5
2567:978-0-87961-016-6
2532:978-0-930588-80-9
2340:Los Angeles Times
2256:, pp. 11â12.
2133:, pp. 87â89.
2058:, pp. 59â60.
1959:, pp. 60â61.
1896:, pp. 56â59.
1884:, pp. 53â56.
1833:, pp. 13â15.
1792:, pp. 55â56.
1780:, p. 379, fn. 68.
1553:Rancheria Valleys
1397:Historical groups
876:Southeastern Pomo
868:Northeastern Pomo
840:According to the
823:Alfred L. Kroeber
589:, in present-day
573:boat, circa 1924.
537:Lake Sonoma sites
488:mortar and pestle
336:[pÊ°oÊmaÊ]
330:[pÊ°oËmoË]
298:Northeastern Pomo
288:, mainly between
266:
265:
171:1851: 3,500â5,000
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4657:
4268:
4267:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4189:
4158:
4134:
4131:The Pomo Indians
4123:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4077:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4039:
4017:
4001:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3967:
3961:
3953:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3905:
3892:Phillips, Tony.
3888:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3840:
3835:. Lakeport, CA.
3833:Lake County News
3823:
3813:
3804:
3792:
3775:
3769:
3761:
3744:
3727:
3710:
3694:
3661:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3595:
3574:
3545:
3524:
3510:
3498:
3469:
3442:
3416:
3406:
3376:
3367:
3342:
3321:
3297:
3268:
3247:
3222:
3212:
3184:
3181:Encyclopedia.com
3149:
3128:
3091:
3066:
3038:
3010:
2983:
2948:
2931:
2907:
2896:
2865:
2855:
2846:Merriam, C. Hart
2841:
2822:
2803:
2783:
2769:
2756:
2742:
2736:
2734:
2709:
2685:
2671:
2648:
2614:
2594:
2583:
2580:Internet Archive
2559:
2541:in 1993 and the
2536:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2432:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2384:No. C-79-1710-SW
2377:
2371:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2342:, April 19, 1992
2336:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2042:Lake County News
2038:
2032:
2029:Pritzker, "Pomo"
2026:
2017:
2011:
1994:
1991:Smith-Ferri 1998
1988:
1979:
1973:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1759:Santa Rosa Creek
1729:Luwana Quitiquit
1705:Danielle Forward
1626:Athabaskan band)
1586:ShĂłdo KaĂ Pomo (
1512:Dry Creek Valley
1391:v. United States
1006:rites of passage
923:
854:Pomoan languages
593:. There were no
401:Pomoan languages
385:English language
349:Mendocino County
338:
332:
259:, Messiah Cult,
241:Pomoan languages
212:Mendocino County
206:
204:
203:
194:
192:
191:
164:Total population
147:
143:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4455:Northern Paiute
4272:
4262:
4260:
4226:Wayback Machine
4196:
4178:
4168:PowerKids Press
4147:
4120:
4104:
4087:
4085:
4075:
4071:(May 2, 1993).
4054:
4052:
4041:
4030:
4025:
4023:Further reading
4020:
3989:
3988:
3955:
3954:
3938:"Bloody Island"
3934:Richerson, Pete
3923:
3921:
3862:
3860:
3763:
3762:
3758:Wayback Machine
3679:data.census.gov
3669:
3664:
3626:
3624:
3462:
3414:
3395:
3173:
3027:
2991:
2986:
2972:
2920:
2885:
2838:
2792:
2732:
2730:
2698:
2637:
2603:
2568:
2533:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2378:
2374:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2275:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2188:
2180:
2176:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2106:, "Population".
2102:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2020:
2012:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1923:, "Demography".
1919:
1915:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1749:Frog Woman Rock
1738:
1717:Julia F. Parker
1668:
1616:
1560:Sherwood Valley
1558:KulĂĄ Kai Pomo (
1538:and South Fork)
1492:ErĂo (mouth of
1478:DĂĄpishul Pomo (
1399:
1375:
1370:
1225:
1220:
1188:Julia F. Parker
1166:
1123:
1087:Brooklyn Museum
1075:
1064:
1052:
1046:
990:
984:
976:Brooklyn Museum
961:Jules Tavernier
934:
856:
850:
815:
810:
651:
627:Channel Islands
623:Catalina Island
539:
515:
417:
393:
323:derives from a
201:
199:
189:
187:
176:
174:
173:1910: 777â1,200
172:
170:
159:
142:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4663:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4462:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4259:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4194:External links
4192:
4191:
4190:
4176:
4159:
4145:
4124:
4118:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4065:
4061:Newspapers.com
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4002:
3980:
3968:
3930:
3906:
3889:
3869:
3851:. Fresno, CA:
3841:
3824:
3805:
3793:
3776:
3745:
3728:
3711:
3695:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3633:
3611:(2): 206â219.
3596:
3582:(Commentary).
3575:
3546:
3525:
3499:
3470:
3460:
3443:
3407:
3393:
3368:
3343:
3322:
3298:
3280:(3): 619â627.
3269:
3248:
3223:
3203:(2): 375â376.
3189:Goddard, P. E.
3185:
3171:
3150:
3129:
3092:
3067:
3039:
3025:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2970:
2949:
2932:
2918:
2897:
2883:
2866:
2842:
2836:
2823:
2804:
2790:
2770:
2747:Gifford, E. W.
2743:
2710:
2696:
2672:
2649:
2635:
2619:Campbell, Lyle
2615:
2601:
2584:
2566:
2546:
2531:
2509:
2507:
2506:Books, reports
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2448:
2433:
2416:
2414:, p. 665.
2404:
2392:
2372:
2358:
2346:
2328:
2316:
2314:, p. 262.
2304:
2292:
2273:
2258:
2246:
2244:, p. 296.
2234:
2222:
2210:
2198:
2186:
2174:
2159:
2147:
2135:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2094:, p. 237.
2084:
2082:, p. 239.
2072:
2060:
2048:
2044:, May 12, 2007
2033:
2018:
1995:
1980:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1898:
1886:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1821:, p. 276.
1811:
1809:, p. 277.
1794:
1782:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1754:Lake Mendocino
1751:
1746:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1649:
1634:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1556:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1522:
1515:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1480:Redwood Canyon
1476:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1398:
1395:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1165:
1162:
1129:and his wife,
1122:
1119:
1101:cooking mush.
1074:
1071:
1063:
1060:
1054:The record of
1048:Main article:
1045:
1042:
1028:dressed up as
998:Kuksu religion
986:Main article:
983:
980:
933:
930:
912:language shift
904:Samuel Barrett
900:Stephen Powers
852:Main article:
849:
846:
819:Samuel Barrett
814:
811:
809:
806:
794:National Thorn
692:Mission Sonoma
650:
647:
563:
562:
555:
538:
535:
514:
508:
480:archaeological
416:
413:
392:
389:
371:was used as a
264:
263:
253:
252:
248:
247:
237:
236:
232:
231:
184:
183:
179:
178:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
140:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4662:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4257:
4252:
4250:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4074:
4070:
4069:LeBaron, Gaye
4066:
4062:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4037:
4032:
4031:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3993:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3634:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3586:(3): 75â127.
3585:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2660:Vantage Press
2657:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2493:
2488:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2468:Barrett 1908a
2464:
2457:
2456:Barrett 1908a
2452:
2445:
2444:Barrett 1908a
2440:
2438:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2408:
2402:, p. 24.
2401:
2400:McCarthy 1986
2396:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2368:
2362:
2356:, p. 20.
2355:
2350:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2302:, p. 20.
2301:
2296:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1957:Silliman 2004
1953:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1911:, p. 59.
1910:
1905:
1903:
1895:
1890:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1778:Campbell 1997
1774:
1770:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:Kastel Pomo (
1650:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1588:Coyote Valley
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1527:Kaimé (above
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:Sonoma County
1516:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1494:Russian River
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:Northern Pomo
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1413:Southern Pomo
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
989:
988:Pomo religion
977:
973:
969:
962:
958:
953:
949:
945:
938:
929:
927:
922:
917:
913:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
884:Southern Pomo
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:Northern Pomo
861:
855:
845:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
805:
803:
799:
796:, the artist
795:
790:
786:
782:
776:
771:
767:
765:
761:
757:
751:
748:
747:Andrew Kelsey
743:
741:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
709:Russian River
705:
703:
702:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
675:
671:
667:
660:
655:
646:
644:
640:
634:
632:
628:
625:, one of the
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
587:Mount Konocti
584:
580:
572:
567:
560:
556:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:
534:
532:
528:
524:
521:and numerous
520:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
412:
410:
402:
397:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:Potter Valley
337:
331:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
306:Colusa County
303:
299:
295:
294:Duncans Point
291:
287:
283:
282:Pacific Coast
279:
275:
271:
262:
258:
254:
249:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
228:Colusa County
225:
221:
217:
216:Sonoma Valley
213:
209:
197:
196:United States
185:
180:
167:
162:
153:
148:
139:
131:
128:
120:
117:November 2023
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4530:(Gabrieliño)
4514:(Fernandeño)
4484:
4419:(Bear River)
4217:
4163:
4130:
4109:
4092:– via
4086:. Retrieved
4079:
4059:– via
4053:. Retrieved
4046:
4009:
3941:
3922:. Retrieved
3913:
3897:
3876:
3861:. Retrieved
3848:
3832:
3815:
3780:
3753:
3736:
3719:
3678:
3641:
3638:"California"
3625:. Retrieved
3608:
3604:
3583:
3579:
3554:
3529:
3512:
3478:
3451:
3422:
3418:
3382:
3358:(1): 24â36.
3355:
3351:
3330:
3309:
3277:
3273:
3256:
3235:
3200:
3196:
3158:
3137:
3104:
3086:– via
3075:
3061:– via
3050:
3006:
2957:
2903:
2870:
2851:
2827:
2809:
2779:
2752:
2737:– via
2731:. Retrieved
2718:
2681:
2658:. New York:
2654:
2622:
2590:
2578:– via
2555:
2550:Allen, Elsie
2523:Heyday Books
2521:. Berkeley:
2518:
2515:Billy, Susan
2487:
2480:Goddard 1903
2475:
2463:
2451:
2429:Kroeber 1925
2412:Goddard 1907
2407:
2395:
2379:
2375:
2366:
2361:
2349:
2339:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2254:Gifford 1976
2249:
2242:Merriam 1967
2237:
2230:Barrett 1917
2225:
2213:
2206:Barrett 1917
2201:
2194:Kroeber 1925
2189:
2182:Kroeber 1907
2177:
2167:
2162:
2150:
2138:
2111:
2104:Edwards 2012
2099:
2092:Kroeber 1925
2087:
2075:
2063:
2056:Stewart 1985
2051:
2041:
2036:
1952:
1947:, "History".
1945:Edwards 2012
1940:
1933:Edwards 2012
1928:
1916:
1909:Stewart 1985
1894:Stewart 1985
1889:
1882:Stewart 1985
1862:
1850:
1838:
1831:Stewart 1985
1826:
1819:Barrett 1910
1814:
1790:Kroeber 1916
1785:
1773:
1617:
1448:
1442:
1434:Eastern Pomo
1433:
1427:
1422:
1418:Central Pomo
1417:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1387:
1376:
1287:(a tribe of
1241:
1234:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1185:
1181:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1135:
1124:
1121:Post-contact
1115:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1076:
1065:
1053:
1034:
1029:
1026:Medicine men
1013:
1009:
991:
971:
946:
943:
908:
896:George Gibbs
880:Central Pomo
872:Eastern Pomo
857:
839:
816:
813:Demographics
798:Grace Hudson
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
752:
744:
737:
718:
706:
699:
689:
677:missionaries
663:
659:Grace Hudson
649:Post contact
635:
606:Warm Springs
599:
576:
516:
499:
469:
440:
418:
406:
380:
368:
364:
320:
318:
269:
267:
177:2010: 10,308
141:Ethnic group
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
4534:TĂŒbatulabal
4352:Halchidhoma
4331:Coast Miwok
4291:Ahwahnechee
3924:January 28,
3849:Acta Online
3559:Penn Museum
3483:Penn Museum
3439:Quilt Index
3419:Uncoverings
2312:Luthin 2002
2218:Curtis 1924
2143:Atkins 1973
2131:Powell 1891
1921:Oswalt 2005
1725:(1903â1979)
1719:(born 1928)
1713:(1907â1993)
1711:Mabel McKay
1701:(1890â1949)
1699:Elmer Busch
1690:Chuck Billy
1686:(1862-1937)
1680:(1877â1930)
1674:(1899â1990)
1672:Elsie Allen
1631:Long Valley
1475:ChwachamajĂč
1461:BĂșldam Pomo
1457:BatemdikĂĄyi
1289:Coast Miwok
1196:Elsie Allen
1192:Lucy Telles
1062:Ethnobotany
1022:creator god
959:painted by
835:1990 Census
831:1930 Census
827:1910 Census
595:petroglyphs
591:Lake County
527:Coast Miwok
519:charmstones
476:Lake Sonoma
224:Lake County
220:Napa Valley
175:1990: 4,900
169:1770: 8,000
18:Pomo people
4604:Categories
4459:Kucadikadi
4402:Lake Miwok
4316:Chemehuevi
4286:Acjachemen
4155:1035686361
4055:August 30,
3894:"The Pomo"
3863:August 29,
3683:Flat files
3403:1035088930
3265:1045950790
3244:1045965579
3146:1041789630
3125:1045950790
3088:HathiTrust
3063:HathiTrust
2908:. Tucson:
2862:1151427972
2800:1036772401
2766:1149045363
2611:1036813614
2576:1036783241
2501:References
2354:Allen 1972
2014:Giese 1997
1646:Usal Creek
1638:Coast Yuki
1624:Cahto/Kato
1611:Usal Creek
1604:Ukiah City
1529:Healdsburg
1508:Cloverdale
957:Clear Lake
808:Population
760:Clear Lake
721:infectious
713:Cloverdale
701:Cainameros
696:Santa Rosa
579:millstones
529:people. A
523:arrowheads
511:Tolay Lake
447:and mixed
421:linguistic
415:Precontact
325:conflation
316:speakers.
286:Clear Lake
208:California
87:newspapers
4569:Wukchumni
4473:Ramaytush
4469:Costanoan
4430:(Klamath)
4423:Mechoopda
4386:Kitanemuk
4321:Chimariko
4301:Bay Miwok
4043:"Weaving"
3950:889248256
3885:1040-5437
3789:1040-5437
3754:About.com
3699:"Culture"
3567:0014-4738
3542:256500685
3491:0014-4738
3431:0277-0628
3364:0191-3557
3339:166493897
3318:899258893
3253:"Wailaki"
2893:184823777
2749:(1976) .
2706:15619879M
2324:King 1999
2080:Cook 1976
1694:Testament
1580:Poam Pomo
1547:KomĂĄcho (
1536:Eel River
1501:Fort Ross
1472:(Capello)
1466:Chawishek
1443:Elem Pomo
1252:Mendocino
994:shamanism
848:Languages
733:Fort Ross
681:colonists
670:Fort Ross
643:clamshell
615:soapstone
449:woodlands
353:magnesite
319:The name
302:Stonyford
235:Languages
4518:Timbisha
4512:Tataviam
4396:Kumeyaay
4381:Kawaiisu
4311:Cahuilla
4296:Atsugewi
4281:Achomawi
4222:Archived
4216:exhibit
4186:50323264
4110:The Pomo
4014:Archived
3992:cite web
3976:Archived
3958:cite web
3918:Archived
3902:Archived
3857:Archived
3855:. 2011.
3837:Archived
3820:Archived
3801:Archived
3766:cite web
3741:Archived
3724:Archived
3707:Archived
3691:Archived
3658:35209517
3621:Archived
3617:27824792
3571:Archived
3521:14961503
3505:(1891).
3495:Archived
3466:Archived
3435:Archived
3191:(1903).
3177:Archived
2980:52046054
2945:11782861
2928:55097876
2728:25446503
2678:(1976).
2645:32923907
2621:(1997).
2545:in 1996.
2517:(1996).
2388:slip op.
1736:See also
1642:Sinkyone
1549:Anderson
1499:ErĂșssi (
1487:Lakeport
1438:Bahtssal
1428:Tceefoka
1389:Hardwick
1002:mourning
982:Religion
921:xay tsnu
906:(1908).
729:smallpox
666:Russians
619:pendants
611:Steatite
583:Obsidian
559:1843 BCE
548:3280 BCE
457:5000 BCE
453:4000 BCE
429:7000 BCE
361:hematite
251:Religion
4544:Vanyume
4501:Serrano
4496:Salinan
4490:Quechan
4450:Nomlaki
4445:Nisenan
4417:Mattole
4407:Luiseño
4365:Whilkut
4361:Chilula
4347:Esselen
4326:Chumash
4088:May 19,
3627:May 21,
3381:(ed.).
3234:(ed.).
3103:(ed.).
3084:3435459
3059:3705364
3003:(ed.).
2733:May 20,
2668:1477817
1653:Wailaki
1510:and in
963:in 1878
932:Culture
926:revival
888:Kashaya
725:cholera
707:In the
685:Kashaya
674:Spanish
639:Archery
602:1300 CE
552:500 BCE
504:8500 BP
492:Spanish
445:valleys
437:redwood
391:History
314:Wintuan
245:English
101:scholar
4579:Yokuts
4554:Washoe
4528:Tongva
4523:Tolowa
4506:Shasta
4492:(Yuma)
4480:Patwin
4465:Ohlone
4434:Mohave
4336:Cupeño
4305:Saklan
4184:
4174:
4153:
4143:
4116:
3948:
3910:"Pomo"
3883:
3787:
3656:
3615:
3565:
3540:
3519:
3489:
3458:
3448:"Pomo"
3429:
3401:
3391:
3362:
3337:
3316:
3294:683856
3292:
3263:
3242:
3228:"Kato"
3219:659067
3217:
3169:
3155:"Pomo"
3144:
3123:
3097:"Pomo"
3082:
3057:
3035:666829
3033:
3023:
2978:
2968:
2943:
2926:
2916:
2891:
2881:
2860:
2834:
2819:424426
2817:
2798:
2788:
2764:
2726:
2704:
2694:
2666:
2643:
2633:
2609:
2599:
2574:
2564:
2529:
1407:Kashia
1250:, and
1244:Sonoma
1037:Wintun
1018:Coyote
886:, and
531:sacred
500:Mostin
484:acorns
472:Yukian
433:Sonoma
373:suffix
290:Cleone
272:are a
205:
193:
103:
96:
89:
82:
76:"Pomo"
74:
4589:Yurok
4564:Wiyot
4559:Wintu
4549:Wappo
4428:Modoc
4412:Maidu
4376:Cahto
4371:Karuk
4076:(PDF)
3613:JSTOR
3415:(PDF)
3377:. In
3290:JSTOR
3230:. In
3215:JSTOR
3163:U·X·L
3099:. In
1766:Notes
1648:area)
1594:SĂako
1067:Carex
1030:Kuksu
1014:Guksu
1010:Kuksu
802:Ukiah
740:49ers
465:Ukiah
425:Hokan
409:bands
369:-poma
365:-pomo
357:beads
257:Kuksu
108:JSTOR
94:books
4610:Pomo
4584:Yuki
4574:Yana
4485:Pomo
4439:Mono
4391:Kizh
4357:Hupa
4182:OCLC
4172:ISBN
4151:OCLC
4141:ISBN
4114:ISBN
4090:2021
4057:2020
4040:and
3998:link
3964:link
3946:OCLC
3926:2021
3881:ISSN
3865:2020
3785:ISSN
3772:link
3654:OCLC
3629:2021
3563:ISSN
3538:OCLC
3517:OCLC
3487:ISSN
3456:ISBN
3427:ISSN
3399:OCLC
3389:ISBN
3360:ISSN
3335:OCLC
3314:OCLC
3261:OCLC
3240:OCLC
3167:ISBN
3142:OCLC
3121:OCLC
3080:OCLC
3055:OCLC
3031:OCLC
3021:ISBN
2976:OCLC
2966:ISBN
2941:OCLC
2924:OCLC
2914:ISBN
2889:OCLC
2879:ISBN
2858:OCLC
2832:ISBN
2815:OCLC
2796:OCLC
2786:ISBN
2762:OCLC
2735:2021
2724:OCLC
2692:ISBN
2664:OCLC
2641:OCLC
2631:ISBN
2607:OCLC
2597:ISBN
2572:OCLC
2562:ISBN
2527:ISBN
1569:LĂĄma
1551:and
1248:Lake
762:the
727:and
571:tule
513:site
381:Pomo
377:1877
345:Pomo
333:and
321:Pomo
312:and
310:Yuki
292:and
270:Pomo
268:The
145:Pomo
80:news
3588:doi
3282:doi
3278:101
3205:doi
3013:doi
1012:or
668:at
613:or
486:by
455:to
367:or
63:by
4606::
4363:,
4220:.
4180:.
4170:.
4149:.
4139:.
4078:.
4045:.
4008:.
3994:}}
3990:{{
3960:}}
3956:{{
3900:.
3896:.
3847:.
3831:.
3814:.
3768:}}
3764:{{
3752:.
3735:.
3722:.
3718:.
3705:.
3677:.
3648:,
3640:.
3619:.
3607:.
3603:.
3584:30
3569:.
3561:.
3553:.
3536:.
3511:.
3493:.
3485:.
3477:.
3464:.
3433:.
3421:.
3417:.
3397:.
3354:.
3350:.
3329:.
3308:.
3288:.
3213:.
3199:.
3195:.
3175:.
3165:.
3157:.
3136:.
3111:,
3107:.
3074:.
3049:.
3029:.
3019:.
2974:.
2964:.
2922:.
2912:.
2887:.
2877:.
2794:.
2702:OL
2700:.
2690:.
2662:.
2639:.
2629:.
2605:.
2570:.
2525:.
2436:^
2419:^
2386:,
2382:,
2331:^
2276:^
2261:^
2123:^
2021:^
1998:^
1983:^
1964:^
1901:^
1874:^
1797:^
1393:.
1246:,
1202:.
1024:.
890:.
882:,
878:,
874:,
870:,
866:,
554:).
347:,
304:,
243:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210::
4461:)
4457:(
4367:)
4359:(
4307:)
4303:(
4255:e
4248:t
4241:v
4228:.
4188:.
4122:.
4096:.
4063:.
4038:.
4000:)
3966:)
3928:.
3887:.
3867:.
3791:.
3774:)
3760:.
3681:(
3631:.
3609:1
3594:.
3590::
3544:.
3441:.
3423:1
3366:.
3356:8
3296:.
3284::
3221:.
3207::
3201:5
3183:.
3090:.
3065:.
3015::
2982:.
2947:.
2895:.
2840:.
2741:.
2647:.
2582:.
2535:.
2494:.
2370:.
2344:.
2326:.
2290:.
2271:.
2172:.
2157:.
2145:.
2118:.
2070:.
2046:.
2031:.
2016:.
1993:.
1978:.
1869:.
1857:.
1633:)
1613:)
1606:)
1590:)
1562:)
1555:)
1531:)
1521:)
1514:)
1503:)
1496:)
1489:)
1482:)
439:(
230:)
198:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.