95:, attempted to cross through Zinba's post hiding gold in the stomach of one of their camels. Zinba suspected this, slaughtered the camel, confiscated part of the gold and insulted Umar, to which the latter threatened retaliation. According to this anecdote, traced back to Muhammad ibn al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi (d. 763), Zinba was operating under the authority of the Ghassanid
156:). He was also the flag bearer for the Judham as a whole, an honor typically reserved for the most distinguished nobleman of an Arab tribe. At an unknown point after Mu’awiya became caliph in 661, he may have appointed Rawh governor of
217:, died in quick succession in late 683 and early 684, Natil switched his allegiance from the Umayyads to the newly declared caliphate of Ibn al-Zubayr. The governors of the military districts of
290:
Abd al-Malik commended Rawh as a Syrian for his loyalty, an Iraqi for his shrewdness, a Hejazi for his knowledge in
Islamic law and a Persian for his calligraphic skills. According to historian
282:(vizier), a non-existent post at the time. Rawh died in 703. His descendants are mentioned in the historical record during the chaos marking the end of the Umayyad Caliphate in 750.
99:
639:
294:, Rawh was known to be a "very gifted" adviser of Abd al-Malik. Gil and Hawting describe his role in the caliph's administration as a precedent of the post of
575:
237:
district, leaving Rawh as his replacement in
Palestine. However, Natil soon after expelled Rawh, who maintained his loyalty to the Kalb and the Umayyads.
264:
tribes. Umayyad control was subsequently reasserted throughout Syria, forcing Natil to flee
Palestine, to which Rawh was assigned deputy governor.
178:) at one point questioned Rawh's loyalties, he dispatched him as part of a team charged with obtaining the oath of allegiance from the rebel
113:. However, Rawh emerged as the most influential member of his family and became a rival of the Judham's preeminent chieftain, the elder
260:
in 684, Rawh and his loyalists in the Judham fought alongside the pro-Umayyad tribal forces and decisively defeated the pro-Zubayrid
190:'s army, which was sent to suppress the Hejaz rebellion. During that campaign, in which the Umayyad army defeated the rebels at the
659:
229:
and the Arab tribes that filled their army ranks also gave their allegiance to Ibn al-Zubayr. The Kalb governor of
Palestine,
610:
654:
596:
539:
515:
117:. The latter belonged to the Banu Sa'd clan of the tribe, while Rawh belonged to the Banu Wa'il clan, both of whose
634:
213:, which at the time claimed descent from Ma'add. This effort was opposed by Natil. When Yazid and his successor,
649:
267:
Following Marwan's death in April 685, Rawh became a close adviser and aide to his son and successor, Caliph
186:(western Arabia) in 681. They were unsuccessful and Rawh was again dispatched in 682–683 as a commander in
75:
in the 630s. During this period, Zinba supervised a trading post for merchants crossing
Palestine for the
257:
583:
197:
Back in
Palestine, Rawh campaigned to persuade the Judham to change their genealogical origin from
72:
268:
256:. He was to be rewarded for his stance when Marwan was chosen by the delegates as caliph. At the
179:
39:
644:
8:
629:
191:
92:
587:
562:
68:
606:
535:
511:
164:
31:
591:
554:
249:
130:
76:
529:
505:
187:
23:
244:
hosted by Ibn Bahdal in 684, Rawh is credited with delivering a speech favoring
579:
501:
234:
222:
214:
114:
623:
142:
138:
134:
110:
35:
226:
205:(northern Arabs) in order to bring the Judham closer to Rawh's allies the
566:
230:
118:
133:, where he was the commander of a contingent of Judham tribesmen from
534:. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
525:
291:
253:
248:
to assume the caliphate rather than other
Umayyad candidates such as
218:
210:
206:
202:
106:
80:
558:
278:). In the medieval sources, he is described as akin to the caliph's
305:
245:
96:
83:
clients. Before the advent of Islam in the 620s–630s, a caravan of
241:
168:
157:
84:
137:(military district of Palestine) in the army of the governor of
310:
300:
279:
198:
121:
were sons of the
Judhamite chief Malik ibn Zaydmanat ibn Afsa.
60:
43:
129:
Rawh first appears in the historical record in 657 during the
59:
Rawh was the son of Zinba ibn Rawh ibn Salama, a noble of the
183:
88:
549:
Hasson, Isaac (1993). "Le chef judhāmite Rawḥ ibn Zinbāʿ".
261:
105:
Rawh's brother Salama participated in a war council at the
64:
146:
233:, left to rally support for a new Umayyad caliph in the
194:, Rawh was in charge of the Jund Filastin contingent.
507:
Slaves on Horses: The
Evolution of the Islamic Polity
621:
298:. Rawh is counted by some medieval sources as a
640:8th-century people from the Umayyad Caliphate
370:
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597:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
461:
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441:
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510:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
337:
484:
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422:
16:Umayyad governor of Palestine (died 703)
573:
450:
434:
240:In the summit of pro-Umayyad tribes at
622:
548:
500:
477:
252:, who was favored by Ibn Bahdal, and
38:, one of the main advisers of Caliph
605:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 466.
308:) and was known as a transmitter of
67:tribe that had been concentrated in
20:Abū Zurʿa Rawḥ ibn Zinbāʿ al-Judhāmī
524:
27:
13:
304:(companion of the Islamic prophet
14:
671:
401:Crone 1980, p. 34 and pp. 99–100.
531:A History of Palestine, 634–1099
494:
468:
273:
173:
151:
145:, against the forces of Caliph
660:Umayyad governors of Palestine
413:
404:
395:
386:
377:
328:
317:
1:
322:
285:
576:"Rawḥ ibn Zinbāʿ al-Judhāmī"
7:
10:
676:
655:People of the Second Fitna
553:(in French) (77): 95–122.
125:Service under the Umayyads
54:
42:and the chieftain of the
392:Hasson 1993, pp. 99–100.
100:al-Harith ibn Abi Shamir
635:7th-century Arab people
574:Hawting, G. R. (1995).
334:Hasson 1993, p. 99–100.
254:Amr ibn Sa'id al-Ashdaq
180:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
49:
650:Bedouin tribal chiefs
374:Hawting 1995, p. 466.
30:) (died 703) was the
258:Battle of Marj Rahit
201:(southern Arabs) to
28:روح بن زنباع الجذامي
447:Crone 1980, p. 100.
431:Hasson 1993, p. 107
419:Hasson 1993, p. 97.
410:Hasson 1993, p. 98.
383:Hasson 1993, p. 99.
246:Marwan ibn al-Hakam
192:Battle of al-Harrah
93:Umar ibn al-Khattab
474:Crone 1980, p. 35.
465:Crone 1980, p. 34.
612:978-90-04-09834-3
667:
616:
588:Heinrichs, W. P.
570:
545:
521:
489:
488:Gil 1997, p. 81.
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250:Khalid ibn Yazid
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131:Battle of Siffin
77:Byzantine Empire
29:
675:
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670:
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620:
619:
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580:Bosworth, C. E.
559:10.2307/1595791
551:Studia Islamica
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502:Crone, Patricia
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188:Muslim ibn Uqba
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87:merchants from
73:Muslim conquest
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584:van Donzel, E.
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276: 685–705
176: 680–683
154: 656–661
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115:Natil ibn Qays
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601:Volume VIII:
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269:Abd al-Malik
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91:, including
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40:Abd al-Malik
34:governor of
19:
18:
645:Banu Judham
592:Lecomte, G.
318:Descendants
215:Mu'awiya II
163:Though the
119:progenitors
71:before the
630:703 deaths
624:Categories
526:Gil, Moshe
323:References
286:Assessment
231:Ibn Bahdal
143:Mu'awiya I
109:estate of
528:(1997) .
292:Moshe Gil
223:Qinnasrin
207:Banu Kalb
107:Beersheba
81:Ghassanid
69:Palestine
36:Palestine
594:(eds.).
504:(1980).
306:Muhammad
227:Damascus
97:phylarch
85:Qurayshi
603:Ned–Sam
567:1595791
242:Jabiyah
182:of the
169:Yazid I
167:caliph
165:Umayyad
158:Baalbek
79:or its
55:Origins
46:tribe.
32:Umayyad
609:
590:&
565:
538:
514:
311:hadith
301:sahaba
235:Jordan
211:Quda'a
203:Ma'add
199:Qahtan
61:Judham
44:Judham
24:Arabic
578:. In
563:JSTOR
296:wazīr
280:wazīr
184:Hejaz
139:Syria
89:Mecca
63:, an
607:ISBN
536:ISBN
512:ISBN
262:Qays
225:and
219:Hims
65:Arab
50:Life
555:doi
209:of
147:Ali
626::
586:;
582:;
561:.
479:^
452:^
436:^
424:^
339:^
314:.
274:r.
221:,
174:r.
160:.
152:r.
141:,
102:.
26::
615:.
599:.
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271:(
171:(
149:(
22:(
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