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parliament or were faithful to what parliament had done. Goldstone distressed civil rights lawyers in 1986 when he concurred without comment with a decision that allowed the jailing of a 13-year-old boy for disrupting school. Goldstone later remarked that he was constrained by the law, that "the emergency regulations covered the situation." The laws and regulations also included the death penalty for certain crimes such as murders committed without any extenuating circumstances; although
Goldstone was personally opposed to the death penalty, he was nonetheless required to pass death sentences on two convicted murderers. His reluctance to impose death penalties prompted criticism from judges who were in favour of capital punishment. Another Transvaal Supreme Court judge, D. Curlewis, commented in 1991 that "a person who deserves to hang was more likely to get the death sentence from me or my ilk" than Goldstone or other liberal judges, who were "at heart abolitionists for one reason or another... Obviously, and for that reason, they cannot be sound on the imposition of the death penalty." During his career as judge, Goldstone sentenced to death 2 black South Africans and was involved in upholding the death sentences of over 20 other black South Africans.
549:, commented that Goldstone had made an "indispensable" contribution to the peaceful democratic transition in South Africa. The commission's final report was strongly critical of the apartheid-era legal system but commended the role of a few judges, including Goldstone, who "exercised their judicial discretion in favour of justice and liberty wherever proper and possible". It noted that although they were few in number, such figures were "influential enough to be part of the reason why the ideal of a constitutional democracy as the favoured form of government for a future South Africa continued to burn brightly throughout the darkness of the apartheid era." The Commission found that "the alleviation of suffering achieved by such lawyers substantially outweighed the admitted harm done by their participation in the system." Reinhard Zimmermann commented in 1995 that "Goldstone's reputation as a sound and impeccably impartial lawyer coupled with his genuine concern for social justice have invested him, across the political spectrum, with a degree of legitimacy that is probably unequalled in South Africa today."
668:: "Why did you accept such a ridiculous job?" He had to make repeated appeals to the UN's hierarchy and to donor nations for the equipment and funding that the tribunal needed to operate. He quickly found that the key to the job was to take " big-picture diplomatic role and that the hands-on prosecution work could be pushed down to experienced prosecutors and investigators like Blewitt – at least for the time being." He undertook a flurry of media appearances and financial negotiations that led to the tribunal being properly staffed for the first time, with many staff being recruited through his own personal networks; a budget of eight million dollars from thirteen countries, supplemented by a $ 300,000 donation from
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promoting political doctrines, but
Goldstone believed that "in my view, if a judge is to err, it should be on the side of defending morality." He took the view that "judges have a duty to act morally, and if they're dealing with laws which have an unjust effect, I think it's their duty – if they can, within the powers they've got legitimately – to interpret the laws and give judgments which will make them less harsh and less unjust." Being a judge in apartheid-era South Africa was a challenge, but it had its rewards; "I hated in the morning the thought of having to do this for another day, by the end of the day, I was exhilarated at the reaction and how important the work was."
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handedness, criticising all sides in often trenchant terms. The rivalry between the ANC and IFP was blamed for being "the primary cause" of violence and
Goldstone urged both sides to "abandon violence and intimidation as political weapons". The government's security forces were found to have been involved in numerous abuses of human rights, though Goldstone rejected Nelson Mandela's claims that President de Klerk was personally involved and described such suggestions as "unwise, unfair and dangerous". One of Goldstone's most important findings was the revelation in November 1992 that a secret military intelligence unit of the
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640:, that Goldstone would serve only half of his four-year term as prosecutor and would then return to take up his post in South Africa. The president rushed through a constitutional amendment that would allow Goldstone to be named, take an immediate period of leave to serve at the tribunal and then return to his spot on the Constitutional Court. He proved to be an ideal candidate, as he had been suggested by the French, was not too hot-headed for the British, was strong enough to satisfy the Americans and his credentials as a white South African who had opposed apartheid satisfied the Russians and Chinese. The
902:, in Beloit, Wisconsin. From 17 to 28 January 2007 he visited classes, worked with faculty and students, participated in panel discussions on human rights and transitional justice with leading figures in the field and delivered the annual Weissberg Lecture, "South Africa's Transition to Democracy: The Role of the Constitutional Court" on 24 January at the Moore Lounge in Pearsons Hall. In Fall 2007 he was the William Hughes Mulligan Professor of International Law at Fordham University School of Law, and held that position again in Fall 2009. Fordham Law presented him with a Doctor of Laws,
511:. Goldstone explained later that he had been selected because he had earned the confidence of both sides: "The government was aware that I would not make findings against it without good cause, and the majority of South Africans had confidence that I would quote hesitate to make findings against the government if the evidence justified it." He nonetheless received numerous death threats. He continued to work as an appeals court judge throughout his time chairing the commission, hearing cases during the mornings and afternoons and then continuing through to midnight on Commission business.
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facts, he approved Israel's subsequent internal investigations into incidents described in the report as well as their establishment of policies to better protect civilians in future conflicts. He contrasted the
Israeli reaction with the failure of Hamas to investigate or modify their methods and procedures. Goldstone said he had hoped that the commission's inquiry "would begin a new era of evenhandedness at the U.N. Human Rights Council, whose history of bias against Israel cannot be doubted". In addition, according to a report in
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situations in my own country," where his experience had been that "transparent, public investigations are very important, important particularly for the victims because it brings acknowledgement of what happened to them." He explained that he had long "taken a deep interest in Israel, in what happens in Israel, and I have been associated with organisations that have worked in Israel" and "decided to accept it because of my deep concern for peace in the Middle East, and my deep concern for victims in all sides in the Middle East."
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Goldstone, the commission's work helped to calm South Africa during the transition period. He regarded it as "a vitally important safety valve" that provided a "credible public instrument" to deal with incidents that might otherwise have derailed the negotiations. The international community took a similar view; his work was supported and funded by the UN, the
Commonwealth and the European Community, who regarded it as vital to expose the truth behind political violence in order to achieve democratic stability.
809:(UNHRC) passed a resolution condemning Israel for "grave violations" of human rights and calling for an independent international investigation. The UNHRC appointed a four-person team, headed by Goldstone, to investigate "all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law that might have been committed at any time in the context of the military operations that were conducted in Gaza during the period from 27 December 2008 and 18 January 2009, whether before, during or after."
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628:. There had been lengthy wrangling between UN member states about whom to appoint as a prosecutor and none of the candidates proposed so far had been accepted. The French national counsel, Roger Errera, suggested Goldstone, commenting that "if he is Jewish, that goes down well. Everyone suspects everyone in the former Yugoslavia. So it's better that he is neither Catholic, nor Orthodox, nor Muslim."
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713:, described the tribunal as "a huge valuable tool" which had enabled Karadžić and Mladić to be excluded from the talks, with the Serbian side represented instead by the more conciliatory Milosević. The Dayton Agreement put direct responsibility on all sides to send suspects to The Hague, committing the Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian governments to cooperating with the ICTY in future.
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565:. Justice Albie Sachs described Goldstone as representing "a sense of continuity" between the traditions of the past that managed to survive the years of apartheid, and the whole new era of the constitution that governs South Africa today. Notable judgments written by Goldstone included three important decisions on unfair discrimination and the
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aware of the iniquities of apartheid, he gained a reputation as a committed, compassionate, legally meticulous and politically astute jurist who championed international human rights and sought to temper the effects of South Africa's apartheid laws. He sought to retain his independence, refusing to kowtow to the authorities. As
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position after South Africa ceased to be a pariah." However, the offer put
Mandela in a difficult spot. He wanted Goldstone, who was one of the few South African jurists to have earned the respect of both blacks and whites, for South Africa's newly established Constitutional Court. Mandela struck a deal with the
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Goldstone served as the founding national president of the
National Institute of Crime Prevention and the Rehabilitation of Offenders (NICRO), a body established to look after prisoners who had been released; chairperson of the Bradlow Foundation, a charitable educational trust; and head of the board
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On 16 October 2009, UN Human Rights
Council voted in support of the Goldstone Report where twenty-five member nations voted in favour of the resolution endorsing the report, six voted against endorsement while another eleven remained impartial. Goldstone has criticised the United Nations Human Rights
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to apprehend war crimes suspects. He was bitterly critical of what he called the "highly inappropriate and pusillanimous policy" of
Western countries in declining to pursue suspected war criminals, singling out France and the United Kingdom as particular culprits. By the end of his time as prosecutor
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student named Vernon Grigg. Goldstone also used his judicial prerogatives to visit thousands of people who had been imprisoned without trial, including some who later became members of the post-apartheid South
African government. Although he could do little to free them, his visits served to reassure
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had both potentially committed war crimes and crimes against humanity, findings which sparked outrage in Israel and the initiation of a personal campaign against Goldstone. In 2011, in the light of investigations by the Israeli forces which indicated that they had not intentionally targeted civilians
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The report, released on 15 September 2009, concluded that both sides had committed violations of the laws of war. It stated that Israel had used disproportionate force, targeted Palestinian civilians, used them as human shields and destroyed civilian infrastructure. Hamas and other armed Palestinian
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Goldstone insisted that he would not follow a one-sided mandate but would investigate any abuses committed by either side during the conflict. He said that he had initially not been willing to take on the mission unless the mandate was expanded to cover all sides. Despite then-president of the Human
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report Goldstone said he had spent many days and "sleepless nights" deciding whether to accept the mandate, saying that it had come as "quite a shock". He continued, "I can approach the daunting task I have accepted in an even-handed and impartial manner and give it the same attention that I have to
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Goldstone's findings attracted praise and criticism from all sides. Some anti-apartheid activists criticised Goldstone for what they saw as balancing his reports by apportioning blame equally; Goldstone responded that his findings reflected the fact that all sides had "dirty hands". Nonetheless, his
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in 1982 that evictions of non-whites were not automatically required by the Act led to the virtual cessation of such evictions. Following the judgement it became so difficult to evict non-whites from whites-only areas that the system of housing segregation began to break down. Prosecutions under the
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in Johannesburg. He served for two terms, stepping down in September 2006. In October 2003, Goldstone gave a lecture entitled "Preventing Deadly Conflict" at the University of San Diego's Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice Distinguished Lecture Series. He was a Global Visiting Professor
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reflecting on the commission's work, Goldstone wrote that the report would have been different if he had been aware of information that had become known since its issuance. While expressing regret that Israel's failure to co-operate with the commission had hindered its ability to gather exculpatory
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In his roles at the ICTY and ICTR he had to design prosecutorial strategies for both those ground-breaking tribunals, from scratch. In doing so, he sought to be scrupulously even-handed – a goal he was more easily able to achieve at ICTY than at ICTR. He built his strategy at both courts to a large
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investigations into political violence in South Africa between 1991 and 1994. Goldstone's work enabled multi-party negotiations to remain on course despite repeated outbreaks of violence, and his willingness to criticise all sides led to him being dubbed "perhaps the most trusted man, certainly the
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of December 1995 including amnesty provisions for those accused of war crimes in the former Yugoslavia. Some commentators had advocated including an amnesty as the price for peace; Goldstone was resolutely opposed to this, not only because it would enable those responsible for atrocities to escape
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Goldstone was approached by Cassese and expressed an interest in the position. President Mandela supported his wish to take up the position at The Hague, as Goldstone later recalled: "He certainly encouraged me. He thought it was important to take what was the first offer of a major international
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put it in 1993, "arguably the most indispensable arbitrator in South Africa's turbulent transition to democracy." He became a household name and was voted the top newsmaker of 1992 in a South African poll, well ahead of either de Klerk or Mandela. His character was cited by other lawyers as a key
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The Commission sat for three years, carrying out 503 investigations that triggered the initiation of 16 prosecutions. It had no judicial powers and could not issue binding regulations but had to establish its legitimacy through its reports and recommendations. It soon gained a reputation for even
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Some of South Africa's laws and emergency regulations mandated particular penalties which judges had no discretion to modify. South Africa's whites-only parliament pursued a doctrine of parliamentary supremacy, passing laws which judges were absolutely bound to enforce if they had been enacted by
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To aid the transition to multiracial democracy, the South African government established a Commission of Inquiry Regarding the Prevention of Public Violence and Intimidation in October 1991 to investigate human rights abuses committed by the country's various political factions. Its members were
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case that "it was an alert judge trying to apply human rights standards to a repressive piece of legislation. And it was Goldstone's work; it wasn't our work that stopped the Group Areas prosecutions in the end." Budlender noted that "it was a matter of great debate in the eighties about whether
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that soon attracted national and international interest. He was described as "an outstanding commercial lawyer who had shrewdly and inventively applied the law to secure justice in politically controversial and human rights cases." Employing the bench as a means of making ordinary South Africans
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The Israeli government and some Jewish groups strongly criticised the report, which they asserted was biased and commissioned by a UN body that was hostile to Israel. Hamas also dismissed the findings that it had committed war crimes. Goldstone himself came under sustained personal attack, with
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He noted in 1992 that most South African judges "applied such laws without commenting upon their moral turpitude." A number, including Goldstone, were more outspoken – a policy that he felt aided the credibility of the courts. There was a fine dividing line between applying moral standards and
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Goldstone was hindered by the inflexible bureaucracy of the UN, finding the newly established ICTY in a shambles when he joined the tribunal. The tribunal lacked political legitimacy, financial support and prosecutorial direction; its failure to even bring any prosecutions had led to it being
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near Johannesburg in March 1990, in which 281 demonstrators were shot and 11 killed by South African police. After pressure from the ANC, de Klerk appointed Goldstone to investigate the incident. His report was published in September 1990 and was described at the time as "one of the strongest
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under which the government had given itself draconian police powers. Another important ruling against the state in 1988 resulted in the release of a detainee who had not been advised by the police that he was entitled to a lawyer. In 1989, Goldstone became the first South African judge under
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region. He also succeeded in persuading the government to accept an international rôle in the transition – which it had previously strongly opposed – as well as forcing it to undertake a major restructuring of the security forces and purging subversive elements in the military. According to
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for over ten years prior to June 2010, when the university announced he had been dropped from the Board due to inactivity "for a decade or more". In April 2010, Jerusalem lawyer David Schonberg had requested Goldstone be removed from the Board because of the UN report on Gaza. A university
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to resist any such demands and made it clear that an amnesty would not be a legal basis for the ICTY to suspend indictments. In the end, no amnesty was included in the Dayton Agreement. Goldstone's actions were later credited with making the negotiations a success. The chief US negotiator,
452:, commented that Goldstone's judicial career demonstrated "that an honest and dignified judge who's sensitive to fundamental human rights of all human beings, even in the most dire circumstances, could find some space for concepts of legality and respect for human dignity."
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His family was non-religious, but he credits his Jewishness with having shaped his ethical views through being part of a community that has been persecuted throughout history. Goldstone has written about the role that those of Jewish heritage played in the fight against
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indictments of South Africa's police ever made by a government-appointed investigator." He condemned the police for a breakdown in discipline and recommended that a number of individual police officers be prosecuted. Nine policemen were subsequently charged with murder.
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the prisoners – and serve notice to the prison administration – that someone in a position of power was taking an active interest in their well-being. Few white judges at the time enjoyed the trust and respect of the black majority; Goldstone became a notable exception.
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His judicial approach was influenced by the fact that although the ruling National Party had built up a framework of racist and unequal laws aimed at repressing the rights of non-whites, the country had retained the underlying structure and principles of Anglo-Dutch
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justice but also because of the dangerous precedent it could set, where powerful actors such as the United States could bargain away the ICTY's mandate for political convenience. In response, Goldstone pushed through a new indictment of the Bosnian Serb president
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degree on that pursued by the prosecutors at the Nuremberg Tribunal of 1945–46. He served as the chief prosecutor of the two tribunals until September 1996. Among his most notable legal achievements as chief prosecutor was securing the recognition of
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decent people should accept appointments to the bench, because they were enforcing repressive laws," but stated that "rom the point of view of the practitioner trying to run human rights cases and public-interest cases, we prayed for a Goldstone or a
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most trusted member of the white establishment" in South Africa. He was credited with playing an indispensable role in the transition and became a well known public figure in South Africa, attracting widespread international support and interest.
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groups were found to have deliberately targeted Israeli civilians and sought to spread terror in southern Israel by mounting indiscriminate rocket attacks. The report's conclusions were endorsed by the UN Human Rights Council.
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asset in making the commission a success; one lawyer commented, "He has the rare ability to straddle both the legal and political worlds. He is a great strategist and combines a deep humanity with a political sensitivity."
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critics accusing him of bias, dishonesty and improper motives in being party to the report. Goldstone denied the accusations, saying he felt that being a Jew increased his obligation to participate in the investigation.
987:, and the Universities of Cape Town, British Columbia, Glasgow, and Calgary among others. He was the first person to be granted the title, "The Hague Peace Philosopher" in 2009, as part of the new Spinoza Fellowship of
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Rights Council, Ambassador Martin Uhomoibhi's verbal commitment that there was no objection to the revised mandate, the Human Rights Council never voted to revise the mandate, and resolution S-9/1 remained unchanged.
720:. His contribution was praised by colleagues at the ICTY: "Goldstone was absolutely right for his time because he came with moral clout from South Africa and his own particular status as a champion of human rights."
1040:'s death, that Mandela had himself observed "I have found Jews to be more broad-minded than most whites on issues of race and politics, perhaps because they themselves have historically been victims of prejudice."
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895:. In spring 2005, he was the Henry Shattuck Visiting Professor Law at Harvard Law School. Goldstone participated as guest faculty in the Oxford-George Washington International Human Rights Program in 2005.
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spokesperson stated that removing inactive members was a routine procedure, that other inactive members had also been removed, and that Goldstone's removal had "nothing to do with his Report about Gaza".
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352:, but that, "the approach was that it was better to fight from inside than not at all". On these grounds, he was apparently urged by several anti-apartheid lawyers to accept the appointment.
620:(ICTR) in late 1994, he became its chief prosecutor, too. His appointment to the tribunals came as something of a surprise, even to Goldstone himself, as he had only limited experience of
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As well as reporting on political violence, Goldstone proposed practical measures to end the violence in venues such as commuter trains, taxis, mines, township hostels and the troubled
292:, he campaigned against the exclusion of black students. He also attracted attention from the state security police by having contact with banned anti-apartheid groups, including the
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The Israeli government refused to cooperate with the investigation, accusing the UN Human Rights Council of anti-Israel bias and arguing that the report could not possibly be fair.
162:– under which non-whites were banned from living in "whites only" areas – virtually unworkable by restricting evictions. As a result, prosecutions under the act virtually ceased.
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as a matter of policy, Goldstone wrote that if evidence which had been available later had been available at the time, the Goldstone Report would have been a different document.
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906:, in 2007, the highest honor the school can bestow. Goldstone also was the Woodrow Wilson Visiting Scholar in Political Science at Washington & Jefferson College in 2009.
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Council's selective endorsement of the report his commission compiled, since the resolution adopted chastises Israel only, when the report itself is critical of both parties.
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that was to lead to the end of apartheid in 1994. At the time, South Africa was plagued by regular massacres as members of the African National Congress (ANC) and the
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He was a member of the International Panel of the Commission of Enquiry into the Activities of Nazism in Argentina (CEANA) which was established in 1997 to identify
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was working to sabotage the ANC while posing as a legitimate business corporation. The ensuing scandal led to De Klerk purging the army and intelligence services.
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484:(IFP) fought for dominance. The police and security forces often reacted to demonstrations with indiscriminate force, and the ANC claimed that a hypothesised "
336:. At the time of his appointment he was the youngest Supreme Court judge in the country. He served in the Supreme Court for 14 years, gaining promotion to the
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chosen by consensus among the three main parties. Goldstone had by now become reputed as an impartial and unimpeachable judge, and was asked by ANC chairman
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Raghavan, Sudarsan (14 March 1995). "Richard J. Goldstone – A South African jurist takes on Balkan and Rwanda conflicts, seeking to punish war criminals".
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This philosophy led Goldstone to issue rulings that undermined key aspects of the apartheid system. One of his most significant rulings concerned the
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puts it, Goldstone "emerged as one of the leading 'liberal' judges who never showed any propensity towards the then prevailing executive-mindedness".
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Lecture transcript and video of Goldstone's speech at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice at the University of San Diego, October 2003
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in October 2011, said that "in Israel, there is no apartheid. Nothing there comes close to the definition of apartheid under the 1998 Rome Statute."
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under apartheid rule in 1989. The Goldstone Commission investigated violence and other human rights abuses committed in South Africa's townships.
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had been illegal. The following year, he was the first judge to free a political prisoner who had been detained under a recently imposed
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Goldstone later said that his nomination to the bench created a "moral dilemma", insofar as South African judges were expected to uphold
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Goldstone's work investigating violence led directly to his being nominated to serve as the first chief prosecutor of the United Nations
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from within the system by tempering the worst effects of the country's racial laws. Among other important rulings, Goldstone made the
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Goldstone, Richard (2005). "The Tension Between Combating Terrorism and Protecting Civil Liberties". In Wilson, Richard Ashby (ed.).
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Chaskalson, Arthur; Bizos, George (29 January – 5 February 2010). "Chaskalson and Bizos come out in defence of Richard Goldstone".
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and Yugoslavian affairs and had never been a prosecutor before. He owed his appointment to the Italian chief judge of the ICTY,
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Shimoni, Gideon (2004). "The Jewish Response to Apartheid: The Record and Its Consequences". In Mendelsohn, Ezra (ed.).
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When he retired from the Office of the Prosecutor in 1996, Goldstone was replaced by the distinguished Canadian lawyer
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488:" was engaged in covert destabilisation. The violence caused serious problems in building trust between the parties.
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Schabas, William A.; Goldstone, Richard J. (1 July 2001). "For Humanity: Reflections of a War Crimes Investigator".
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Goldstone, Richard J. (1996). "From the Holocaust: Some Legal and Moral Implications". In Rosenbaum, Alan S. (ed.).
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Gillot, Sabine (29 September 1996). "Goldstone ends stormy mandate as war crimes prosecutor". Agence France-Presse.
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criticised by the media as "a fig leaf for inaction", and Goldstone was asked by the former British prime minister
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Act fell from 893 between 1978–1981 to only one in 1983. Geoffrey Budlender, former director of the anti-apartheid
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sought to read the apartheid legislation "as narrowly as possible to give effect to the values of the common law".
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Devine, Carol; Hansen, Carol Rae; Wilde, Ralph & Poole, Hilary (1999). "Chapter 7: Human Rights Activists".
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Kraft, Scott (2 September 1990). "S. Africa Police Blamed in Fatal Shootings of Black Protesters Last March".
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Goldstone serves on the Board of Directors of several nonprofit organisations that promote justice, including
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Justice in a time of war: the true story behind the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
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in Johannesburg for 17 years, establishing a practice that was "100 percent commercial". He was appointed as
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Renfrew, Barry (1 September 1990). "Judicial Report: Police Killed Blacks Without Reason". Associated Press.
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In 1985, Goldstone ruled that the government's mass sacking of 1,700 black staff at Baragwanath Hospital in
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The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: an exercise in law, politics, and diplomacy
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Ottaway, David B. (12 July 1992). "South African Judge Makes His Mark With Evenhanded Probe of Violence".
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International judicial institutions : the architecture of international justice at home and abroad
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International justice in Rwanda and the Balkans: virtual trials and the struggle for state cooperation
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3227:"Frank Donaghue Congratulates Justice Richard Goldstone on MacArthur Award for International Justice"
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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998). "Chapter 4: Institutional Hearing: The Legal Community".
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that mandated the eviction of non-whites from areas reserved for whites. His ruling in the case of
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from August 1994 to September 1996. He prosecuted a number of key war crimes suspects, notably the
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Text of Resolution S-9/1 – the appointment of the mission followed the adoption on 12 January 2009
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war criminals who had emigrated to Argentina, and transferred victim assets (Nazi gold) there.
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1463:
376:. According to Davis & Le Roux (2009), a group of liberal judges that included Goldstone,
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693:
637:
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349:
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166:
72:
3030:"Richard J. Goldstone to Lead Human Rights Commission Fact-Finding Mission on Gaza Conflict"
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2268:
2131:
1866:
1591:
1555:
154:
He is considered to be one of several liberal judges who issued key rulings that undermined
4027:
3347:
Muller, Eli (7 June 2000). "World ORT president: Israel, S. Africa face similar problems".
3204:
2241:
2092:
898:
Goldstone was named the 2007 Weissberg Distinguished Professor of International Studies at
508:
304:
After his graduation, Goldstone was admitted to the Johannesburg Bar in 1963. He practised
246:
170:
92:
3171:
891:
in spring 2004, and in the fall, he was the William Hughes Mulligan Visiting Professor at
8:
4009:
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to investigate international human rights and humanitarian law violations related to the
2819:
265:. He later recalled: "My grandfather decided when I was about four I was going to be a
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2194:
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2019:
1969:
1944:
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1603:
1592:
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1467:
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1328:
1207:
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1176:
1153:
1096:
1083:
1069:
1061:
1000:
996:
976:
944:
710:
657:
621:
566:
492:
393:
360:
1902:
The Contribution of Jewish Lawyers to the Administration of Justice in South Africa;
1135:
3985:
3732:
3667:
3612:
3017:
2879:
Russell, Cecilia (22 January 2010). "Pair of legal heavyweights defend Goldstone".
2852:
1654:
1459:
1215:
972:
688:
673:
571:
1192:
Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence
704:, which was issued two weeks into the peace talks at Dayton. He lobbied President
3747:
3707:
3637:
3439:"Law and the Search for Justice: Conversations with Justice Richard J. Goldstone"
2815:
2742:
2701:
2574:
1123:
1112:
848:
684:
he had issued 74 indictments but only seven of the accused had been apprehended.
625:
434:
400:
385:
272:
159:
697:
194:
3737:
3727:
3722:
3687:
3622:
3077:
3018:
Justice Richard Goldstone, Weissberg Chair in International Studies 2006 – 2007
2006:"1,700 Blacks Reinstated by South African Hospital". Reuters. 25 November 1985.
1149:
1043:
He is married to Noleen Goldstone. They have two daughters and four grandsons.
1037:
899:
870:
577:
534:
504:
473:
317:
280:, from which Goldstone graduated in 1962 and where he became Chancellor in 1996
250:
202:
148:
28:
3471:
2242:
Greenberg, Melanie C.; Barton, John H.; McGuinness, Margaret E., eds. (2000).
2181:
McDonough, Challiss (2 October 2003). "SAF/GOLDSTONE (L-O)". Voice of America.
2034:
Margolick, David (16 August 1989). "Breaking One of South Africa's Barriers".
993:
Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences
943:
between 1997 and 2004. He was an honorary member of the Board of Governors of
491:
The negotiations broke down soon after they started due to a mass shooting at
4021:
3742:
3717:
3702:
3672:
3632:
3627:
3514:
3390:
1666:
1130:
Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
1129:
1119:
Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
1118:
717:
305:
3117:
2150:"Richard Goldstone: I have no regrets about the Gaza war report Israel News"
3682:
3617:
3602:
3571:
3029:
1496:
964:, and the 2009 MacArthur Award for International Justice, announced by the
765:
761:
705:
669:
665:
546:
418:
242:
197:. On his return to South Africa he took up a seat on the newly established
186:
144:
2303:
Battersby, John (10 February 1993). "Safety Valve for S. Africa Tension".
604:
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia building in
460:
3752:
3697:
3642:
3420:
3176:
1264:
612:
In August 1994, Goldstone was named as the first chief prosecutor of the
600:
445:
2626:
from the original on 10 March 2016. The archived article includes photo.
1060:, co-authored with Adam M. Smith. London and New York: Routledge, 2009.
956:
Goldstone has received the 1994 International Human Rights Award of the
269:, so I just always assumed I was. It turned out to be a wise decision."
3997:
3767:
3712:
1674:
753:
373:
2526:
Kenneth Roth, executive director of Human Rights Watch (17 May 2009).
1269:"Cape Town Journal; In a Wary Land, the Judge Is Trusted (to a Point)"
523:
impartiality and willingness to speak out led to him becoming, as the
131:
from July 1994 to October 2003. He joined the bench as a judge of the
4098:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia prosecutors
3591:
1033:
988:
940:
653:
605:
545:
in 1995, a body that he strongly supported. Its chairman, Archbishop
313:
266:
155:
3992:
3465:
2244:
Words over war: mediation and arbitration to prevent deadly conflict
1869:
Justice in the Balkans: prosecuting war crimes in the Hague Tribunal
1658:
41:
2677:
Ephraim, Adrian (12 October 2009). "They show courage under fire".
2319:
1594:
Jews and the state: dangerous alliances and the perils of privilege
465:
238:
68:
2553:
2431:
Horne, William (September 1995). "The Real Trial of the Century".
2106:
1726:
Carlin, John (22 November 1992). "Referee in the eye of a storm".
1190:
Goldstone has written forewords to books including Martha Minow's
552:
541:
Goldstone's work was to pave the way for the establishment of the
2857:
2618:
2154:
1813:
1136:
Contributions to edited volumes, and forewords to books by others
1095:. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations, 1993.
854:
813:
2058:
Meintjes, Garth. "Goldstone, Richard". In Shelton, Dinah (ed.).
1837:
Stay the hand of vengeance: the politics of war crimes tribunals
1809:"Richard Goldstone: I have no regrets about the Gaza war report"
644:
unanimously approved his appointment to the rôle of prosecutor.
359:
Goldstone's career as a judge was characterised by bold acts of
1916:
Precedent & Possibility: the (ab)use of law in South Africa
1622:
1315:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
909:
He also continues as a member of the board of directors of the
882:(HURISA). In March 1996, Goldstone was named chancellor of the
798:
729:
595:
425:
221:
95:, prosecuting war crimes in Yugoslavia and Rwanda, leading the
2060:
Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity, Volume 1
1913:
1145:
Is the Holocaust Unique?: Perspectives on Comparative Genocide
962:
Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights
672:; and the first indictment, of Bosnian Serb prison camp guard
143:
from 1990 to 1994. Before that, he was a commercial lawyer in
2789:"Ethics and War: 'Civilians in War Zones' (panel discussion)"
1377:"Reconsidering the Goldstone Report on Israel and war crimes"
802:
557:
From July 1994 to October 2003, Goldstone was a judge in the
225:
124:
2109:
In the shadow of Sharpeville: apartheid and criminal justice
782:
455:
433:
apartheid to take on a black law clerk, an African-American
3482:
2414:
Nolan, Stephanie (18 October 1999). "The Genocide-Buster".
2135:
1995:. Carnegie Corporation Oral History Project. 7 August 1999.
1558:
Washington diplomacy: profiles of people of world influence
1214:), which examines the political and legal influence of the
865:
680:
649:
323:
3172:"Demand that Hebrew U. Dismiss Judge Goldstone from Board"
2652:"United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict"
2322:
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report
786:
Explosion in Gaza on 12 January 2009, the 17th day of the
253:
who emigrated in the 19th century. He was educated at the
2853:"PA 'won't oppose war crimes trials for Hamas militants'"
2825:
1914:
Davis, Dennis; Le Roux, Michelle (2009). "Introduction".
1744:"Conversation with Justice Richard Goldstone – p. 1 of 7"
927:, the International Center for Transitional Justice, the
614:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
179:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
3557:
2552:(in Arabic). Al Jazeera. 1 December 2009. Archived from
1966:
Politicians and apartheid: trailing in the people's wake
778:
United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict
97:
United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict
3092:"PHR Board of Directors – Justice Richard J. Goldstone"
1082:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2000.
561:, which was newly established under the post-apartheid
4093:
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda prosecutors
3200:"Judge Goldstone removed from Hebrew University board"
3144:"Goldstone stripped of honorary Hebrew U governorship"
2141:
1449:
1080:
For humanity: reflections of a war crimes investigator
679:
Another problem Goldstone faced was the reluctance of
3969:
3118:"Former World ORT president wins international award"
2528:"US: Ask Israel to Cooperate with Goldstone Inquiry"
2246:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 254.
1321:
448:, who was later to serve alongside Goldstone on the
3094:. Physicians for Human Rights (PHR). Archived from
2761:"Jurist: Ties to Israel obligated war crimes probe"
2614:"South African to head U.N. rights inquiry in Gaza"
2088:"Goldstone responds to 'death penalty' allegations"
931:, the South African Legal Services Foundation, the
328:In 1980, Goldstone was appointed as a judge of the
4133:Chancellors of the University of the Witwatersrand
4103:Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
2894:Judge Goldstone defends role, but feels distressed
2542:
2368:. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 54–56.
1451:
860:
123:(born 26 October 1938) is a South African retired
4113:South African people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
3198:Rocker, Simon & Rocker, Simon (1 June 2010).
3054:. Council of Independent Colleges. Archived from
2644:
2576:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1990:"Transcript of Interview with Geoffrey Budlender"
4019:
3407:
1642:
1355:"Judge Goldstone to visit Israel, says minister"
1235:Declaration of Human Duties and Responsibilities
4053:Alumni of King Edward VII School (Johannesburg)
3447:Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley
3137:
3135:
2017:"Judge frees political prisoner in S. Africa".
553:Constitutional Court of South Africa: 1994–2003
507:to head the commission; it became known as the
3485:"PHR Board of Directors: Richard J. Goldstone"
3327:Association of the Bar of the City of New York
2851:Khoury, Jack; Ravid, Barak (17 October 2009).
2691:
2391:Judgement day: the trial of Slobodan Milošević
1009:Association of the Bar of the City of New York
742:Independent International Commission on Kosovo
201:, to which he had been nominated by President
169:in the early 1990s, he headed the influential
147:, where he entered legal practice in 1963 and
4128:South African officials of the United Nations
3543:
3169:
2107:Parker, Peter; Mokhesi-Parker, Joyce (1998).
1896:
1894:
1026:
966:John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
935:Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life,
687:Goldstone was instrumental in preventing the
4063:White South African anti-apartheid activists
3379:"Opinion | Israel and the Apartheid Slander"
3367:. Jewish Daily Forward date: December, 2013.
3197:
3132:
3078:"Salzburg Global Seminar Board of Directors"
2814:Golstone, Richard J.; Campbell, James &
2324:. Vol. 4. Cape Town. pp. 104–105.
2298:
2296:
2176:
2174:
2172:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1114:The Future of International Criminal Justice
1017:Weatherhead Center for International Affairs
596:Chief UN Prosecutor in Yugoslavia and Rwanda
2850:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
1839:. Princeton University Press. p. 220.
1699:
1697:
1695:
412:, commented of Goldstone's decision in the
232:
3550:
3536:
2607:
2605:
2344:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2220:
2218:
2216:
1891:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1585:
1583:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
618:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
40:
3413:
3052:"Woodrow Wilson Visiting Fellows Program"
2906:"Honourable Mr Justice Richard GOLDSTONE"
2302:
2293:
2180:
2169:
2033:
1943:. American Bar Association. p. 334.
1746:. Globetrotter.berkeley.edu. 25 July 2003
1736:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1436:
1374:
1361:. London. Associated Press. 5 April 2011.
1166:
1141:
827:In a 20 January 2011 panel discussion at
456:Sebokeng Inquiry and Goldstone Commission
237:Goldstone was born on 26 October 1938 in
3507:
3436:
3291:"First Spinoza Fellow Richard Goldstone"
2997:"GW-Oxford Program Targets Human Rights"
2951:"Dikgang Moseneke to be Wits chancellor"
2898:
2758:
2747:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2044:
1873:. University of Chicago Press. pp.
1860:
1858:
1856:
1790:"1,200 to meet here in ORT convention".
1703:
1692:
1370:
1368:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
929:Institute for Justice and Reconciliation
864:
781:
599:
590:
459:
324:Supreme Court of South Africa: 1980–1994
290:National Union of South African Students
271:
165:During the transition from apartheid to
4143:Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
4108:South African people of English descent
3283:
3084:
3022:
2878:
2872:
2676:
2611:
2602:
2474:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
2388:
2224:
2213:
2208:
2066:
1963:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1631:
1589:
1580:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1504:
1288:
1218:on contemporary war crime proceedings.
771:
4068:South African anti-apartheid activists
4058:University of the Witwatersrand alumni
4020:
3478:from the original on 21 December 2021.
3346:
3011:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2695:; Boudreaux, Richard (12 April 2009).
2465:
2454:
1918:. Juta and Company Ltd. pp. 5–7.
1725:
1714:
1598:. Oxford University Press US. p.
1263:
880:Human Rights Institute of South Africa
744:from August 1999 until December 2001.
3531:
3510:"The NS Interview: Richard Goldstone"
3414:Hawthorne, Peter (11 December 2000).
3266:"Honorary Degrees | Whittier College"
3170:Ben Gedalyahu, Tzvi (27 April 2010).
3141:
2948:
2430:
2413:
2363:
2352:
2191:
2147:
2085:
2072:19 Cardozo L. Rev. 1047 (1997–1998).
1938:
1864:
1853:
1806:
1800:
1646:American Journal of International Law
1516:. Europa Publications. 2003. p.
1454:Human Rights: The Essential Reference
1365:
1246:
1013:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
951:
918:Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute
805:in December 2008 – January 2009, the
299:
284:At university, he became involved in
3559:Constitutional Court of South Africa
3483:Physicians for Human Rights (2009).
2717:"Goldstone: Israel should cooperate"
2393:. Atlantic Books. pp. 104–105.
2266:
2260:
2057:
1834:
1821:
1770:Constitutional Court of South Africa
1766:"Judges – Justice Richard Goldstone"
1553:
1534:
1418:Constitutional Court of South Africa
1408:
1406:
1404:
747:
559:Constitutional Court of South Africa
450:Constitutional Court of South Africa
257:in Johannesburg and read law at the
199:Constitutional Court of South Africa
129:Constitutional Court of South Africa
2961:
2759:Federman, Josef (19 October 2009).
2705:. Tribune Newspapers. Johannesburg.
2612:Nebehay, Stephanie (3 April 2009).
2590:from the original on 7 January 2024
2519:
2275:. Oxford University Press. p.
1375:Goldstone, Richard (1 April 2011).
1204:War Crimes: The Legacy of Nuremberg
1169:Human Rights in the 'War on Terror'
1148:(3rd ed.). Boulder, Colorado:
756:, the UN Secretary General, to the
752:In April 2004, he was appointed by
543:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
421:on the bench. That was our dream."
261:, graduating in 1962 with a BA LLB
13:
3508:Williams, Ian (30 December 2009).
3044:
2976:"Biography of Richard J Goldstone"
2949:Cembi, Nomusa (8 September 2006).
2938:. Associated Press. 26 March 1996.
1329:"UN appoints Gaza war-crimes team"
681:NATO peacekeeping forces in Bosnia
584:J v Director-General, Home Affairs
139:from 1980 to 1989 and then in the
14:
4154:
4138:21st-century South African judges
4043:20th-century South African judges
2955:Independent Online (South Africa)
2908:. Whoswhosa.co.za. Archived from
1401:
1389:from the original on 6 April 2011
1125:The Developing Global Rule of Law
1015:. Goldstone was a fellow of the
889:New York University School of Law
846:In a 1 April 2011 article in the
4003:
3991:
3979:
3651:
1513:The International Who's Who 2004
916:He is currently a member of the
893:Fordham University School of Law
343:
189:political and military leaders,
3371:
3357:
3340:
3311:
3258:
3219:
3191:
3163:
3110:
3070:
2989:
2942:
2924:
2887:
2844:
2807:
2781:
2729:
2709:
2685:
2670:
2568:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2459:
2448:
2439:
2424:
2407:
2382:
2313:
2235:
2202:
2185:
2125:
2111:. NYU Press. pp. 171–172.
2100:
2079:
2027:
2010:
1999:
1982:
1957:
1932:
1907:
1783:
1758:
1616:
1046:
971:He holds honorary degrees from
884:University of the Witwatersrand
861:Academic and charity activities
278:University of the Witwatersrand
259:University of the Witwatersrand
3472:"Interview: Richard Goldstone"
3365:"Nelson Mandela Iconic Leader"
2832:. Event occurs at 30:20–31:30
1487:
1420:. 20 June 2006. Archived from
1347:
1003:. He is an honorary fellow of
1:
3408:Further reading and resources
2306:The Christian Science Monitor
2086:Elgot, Jessica (6 May 2010).
1562:. Algora Publishing. p.
1240:
758:Independent Inquiry Committee
464:Residents of a South African
334:Supreme Court of South Africa
330:Transvaal Provincial Division
220:. The mission concluded that
137:Transvaal Provincial Division
133:Supreme Court of South Africa
4123:South African Senior Counsel
3949:Constitution of South Africa
3120:. World ORT. 7 November 2008
3005:George Washington University
2697:"S. African on the hot seat"
2654:. .ohchr.org. Archived from
1835:Bass, Gary Jonathan (2002).
1007:, an honorary member of the
1005:St John's College, Cambridge
723:
7:
4083:New York University faculty
3489:Physicians for Human Rights
3296:Radio Netherlands Worldwide
3231:Physicians for Human Rights
2148:Eldar, Akiva (6 May 2010).
2132:Judge Goldstone's dark past
2074:To Resign or Not to Resign;
1900:29 Isr. L. Rev 250 (1995).
1807:Eldar, Akiva (6 May 2010).
1414:"Justice Richard Goldstone"
1228:
1106:
925:Physicians for Human Rights
740:Goldstone was chair of the
517:South African Defence Force
10:
4159:
4088:Fordham University faculty
4073:Harvard Law School faculty
3443:Conversations with History
3142:Selig, Abe (5 June 2010).
2636:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1968:. HSRC Press. p. 46.
1939:Tigar, Michael E. (2002).
1494:"Judge of our inactions".
1173:Cambridge University Press
1027:Personal life and religion
1011:, a foreign member of the
999:, and The Hague Campus of
920:'s International Council.
775:
764:, to investigate the Iraq
18:South African former judge
3959:Judiciary of South Africa
3939:
3776:
3763:Johann van der Westhuizen
3660:
3649:
3578:
3565:
1729:The Independent on Sunday
735:
526:Christian Science Monitor
310:intellectual property law
294:African National Congress
208:In 2009, Goldstone led a
110:
102:
87:
79:
51:
39:
25:
3468:European Jewish Congress
3437:Kreisler, Harry (1997).
2932:"New Job for Prosecutor"
2741:19 February 2011 at the
1051:
981:University of Notre Dame
958:American Bar Association
233:Early life and education
121:Richard Joseph Goldstone
2466:Peskin, Victor (2008).
2389:Stephen, Chris (2004).
1688:(subscription required)
1462:: Oryx Press. pp.
911:Salzburg Global Seminar
807:UN Human Rights Council
286:anti-apartheid activism
214:UN Human Rights Council
4078:Beloit College faculty
3954:Courts of South Africa
3246:Cite journal requires
2821:Civilians in War Zones
2364:Hazan, Pierre (2004).
1964:Gardner, John (1997).
1335:. London. 3 April 2009
1221:Goldstone, writing in
1036:noting, subsequent to
985:University of Maryland
874:
790:
609:
469:
410:Legal Resources Centre
281:
276:The Great Hall of the
255:King Edward VII School
2267:Kerr, Rachel (2004).
868:
785:
638:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
603:
591:International service
482:Inkatha Freedom Party
463:
350:apartheid legislation
275:
167:multiracial democracy
4118:People from Boksburg
4038:Apartheid government
3598:Deputy Chief Justice
3428:(24). Archived from
3205:The Jewish Chronicle
3003:. Washington, D.C.:
2550:"War on Gaza Day 17"
2093:The Jewish Chronicle
1904:Zimmermann, Reinhard
1865:Hagan, John (2003).
1093:Do judges speak out?
772:The Goldstone Report
634:UN Secretary-General
563:Interim Constitution
509:Goldstone Commission
210:fact-finding mission
171:Goldstone Commission
93:Goldstone Commission
34:Richard J. Goldstone
3944:Law of South Africa
3432:on 24 January 2001.
3416:"The Cape Crusader"
3385:. 31 October 2011.
2830:Stanford University
2818:(20 January 2011).
2793:Stanford University
2556:on 17 February 2009
2445:Hagan, p. 68, 71–72
2433:The American Lawyer
2228:The Washington Post
1554:Shaw, John (2002).
1382:The Washington Post
933:Brandeis University
829:Stanford University
702:Srebrenica massacre
696:and his army chief
642:UN Security Council
478:negotiation process
472:In 1990, President
366:Reinhard Zimmermann
4048:South African Jews
3778:Lists of judgments
3608:Mbuyiseli Madlanga
3383:The New York Times
3350:The Jerusalem Post
3319:"Honorary Members"
3149:The Jerusalem Post
2936:The New York Times
2769:. Associated Press
2722:The Jerusalem Post
2417:The Globe and Mail
2037:The New York Times
1941:Fighting injustice
1796:. 15 October 1987.
1274:The New York Times
1223:The New York Times
1152:(published 2008).
1021:Harvard University
952:Awards and honours
937:Human Rights Watch
875:
873:, 23 February 2007
791:
610:
470:
430:state of emergency
338:Appellate Division
300:Early legal career
282:
247:Transvaal Province
245:in South Africa's
141:Appellate Division
127:who served in the
3967:
3966:
3758:Thembile Skweyiya
3693:Richard Goldstone
3678:Arthur Chaskalson
3568:Constitution Hill
3032:. Law.fordham.edu
3007:. September 2006.
2795:. 20 January 2011
2766:The Seattle Times
2507:Peskin, pp. 44–45
2485:978-0-521-87230-0
2400:978-1-84354-154-7
2375:978-1-58544-377-2
2331:978-0-620-23079-7
2286:978-0-19-926305-9
2253:978-0-8476-9892-9
2195:Los Angeles Times
2118:978-0-8147-6659-0
2020:Houston Chronicle
1975:978-0-7969-1821-5
1950:978-1-59031-015-1
1925:978-1-77013-022-7
1884:978-0-226-31228-6
1846:978-0-691-09278-2
1793:Chicago Sun-Times
1707:Los Angeles Times
1609:978-0-19-517087-0
1573:978-0-87586-160-9
1527:978-1-85743-217-6
1500:. 1 October 1994.
1473:978-1-57356-205-8
1212:978-0-8133-4406-5
1200:978-0-8070-4507-7
1182:978-0-521-85319-4
1159:978-0-8133-4406-5
1101:978-0-86982-431-3
1088:978-0-300-08205-0
1074:978-0-415-77646-2
1066:978-0-415-77645-5
1001:Leiden University
997:Radio Netherlands
977:Hebrew University
945:Hebrew University
748:Volcker Committee
711:Richard Holbrooke
658:Geneva Convention
622:international law
567:right to equality
394:Lourens Ackermann
361:judicial activism
118:
117:
46:Goldstone in 2019
31:
4150:
4008:
4007:
4006:
3996:
3995:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3733:Dikgang Moseneke
3668:Laurie Ackermann
3655:
3613:Nonkosi Mhlantla
3579:Current justices
3552:
3545:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3519:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3491:. Archived from
3479:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3449:. Archived from
3433:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3270:www.whittier.edu
3262:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3234:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3139:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3058:on 24 April 2011
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3026:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2972:
2959:
2958:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2912:on 13 April 2009
2902:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2816:Berkowitz, Peter
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2756:
2745:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2627:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2578:(3 April 2009).
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2473:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2361:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2335:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2274:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2145:
2139:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2083:
2077:
2076:Ellmann, Stephen
2070:
2064:
2063:
2055:
2042:
2041:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1872:
1862:
1851:
1850:
1832:
1819:
1818:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1640:
1629:
1628:
1625:SA Jewish Report
1620:
1614:
1613:
1597:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1561:
1551:
1532:
1531:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1460:Phoenix, Arizona
1457:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1410:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1307:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1267:(8 March 1993).
1261:
1216:Nuremberg trials
1186:
1163:
973:Whittier College
694:Radovan Karadžić
689:Dayton Agreement
572:President v Hugo
191:Radovan Karadžić
106:Noleen Goldstone
65:
61:
59:
44:
27:
23:
22:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4004:
4002:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3970:
3968:
3963:
3935:
3772:
3708:Johann Kriegler
3661:Former justices
3656:
3647:
3638:Rammaka Mathopo
3574:
3561:
3556:
3498:
3496:
3495:on 29 June 2010
3456:
3454:
3453:on 23 June 2009
3410:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3317:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3247:
3245:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3196:
3192:
3182:
3180:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3140:
3133:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3098:on 29 June 2010
3090:
3089:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3012:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2947:
2943:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2888:
2883:. Johannesburg.
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2757:
2748:
2743:Wayback Machine
2734:
2730:
2725:. 16 July 2009.
2715:
2714:
2710:
2702:Chicago Tribune
2690:
2686:
2681:. Johannesburg.
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2629:
2628:
2610:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2486:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2429:
2425:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2362:
2353:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2318:
2314:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2240:
2236:
2223:
2214:
2207:
2203:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2146:
2142:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2105:
2101:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2067:
2056:
2045:
2032:
2028:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1863:
1854:
1847:
1833:
1822:
1805:
1801:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1724:
1715:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1659:10.2307/2668526
1641:
1632:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1552:
1535:
1528:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1448:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1424:on 20 June 2006
1412:
1411:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1373:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1317:. 3 April 2009.
1309:
1308:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1262:
1247:
1243:
1231:
1183:
1160:
1138:
1109:
1054:
1049:
1029:
954:
863:
849:Washington Post
812:According to a
780:
774:
750:
738:
726:
626:Antonio Cassese
598:
593:
555:
458:
401:Group Areas Act
386:Johann Kriegler
378:Gerald Friedman
346:
326:
302:
235:
212:created by the
160:Group Areas Act
135:, first in the
75:
66:
63:
62:26 October 1938
57:
55:
47:
35:
32:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4156:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4013:
4012:
4000:
3988:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3738:Sandile Ngcobo
3735:
3730:
3728:Yvonne Mokgoro
3725:
3723:Ismail Mahomed
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3688:Johan Froneman
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:Steven Majiedt
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3594:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3505:
3480:
3474:. Leadel.NET.
3463:
3434:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3370:
3356:
3339:
3310:
3299:. 8 April 2009
3282:
3257:
3248:|journal=
3218:
3190:
3162:
3131:
3109:
3083:
3069:
3043:
3021:
3010:
2988:
2960:
2941:
2923:
2897:
2886:
2871:
2843:
2806:
2780:
2746:
2728:
2708:
2684:
2669:
2658:on 7 June 2009
2643:
2601:
2567:
2541:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2484:
2458:
2447:
2438:
2423:
2406:
2399:
2381:
2374:
2351:
2330:
2312:
2292:
2285:
2259:
2252:
2234:
2212:
2201:
2184:
2168:
2140:
2134:Tehiya Barak,
2124:
2117:
2099:
2078:
2065:
2043:
2026:
2023:. 8 July 1986.
2009:
1998:
1981:
1974:
1956:
1949:
1931:
1924:
1906:
1890:
1883:
1852:
1845:
1820:
1799:
1782:
1757:
1735:
1713:
1691:
1653:(3): 742–744.
1630:
1615:
1608:
1579:
1572:
1533:
1526:
1503:
1486:
1472:
1435:
1400:
1364:
1346:
1320:
1287:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1227:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1164:
1158:
1150:Westview Press
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1121:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1038:Nelson Mandela
1028:
1025:
953:
950:
900:Beloit College
871:Beloit College
862:
859:
776:Main article:
773:
770:
749:
746:
737:
734:
725:
722:
597:
594:
592:
589:
578:Harksen v Lane
554:
551:
505:Nelson Mandela
474:F. W. de Klerk
457:
454:
345:
342:
325:
322:
318:Senior Counsel
301:
298:
251:Lithuanian Jew
234:
231:
203:Nelson Mandela
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
89:
88:Known for
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
67:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
33:
29:The Honourable
26:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4155:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:Living people
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4016:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Bess Nkabinde
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Tholie Madala
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:Sisi Khampepe
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3673:Edwin Cameron
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:Jody Kollapen
3631:
3629:
3628:Zukisa Tshiqi
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3587:Chief Justice
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3515:New Statesman
3511:
3506:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3366:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3253:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3194:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3136:
3119:
3113:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3079:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2875:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2847:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2753:
2751:
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3643:Owen Rogers
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3396:21 November
3275:27 February
3177:Arutz Sheva
3001:GW Magazine
2773:28 February
2560:19 February
1428:11 February
960:, the 2005
793:During the
674:Duško Tadić
486:Third Force
446:Albie Sachs
4022:Categories
3768:Zak Yacoob
3713:Pius Langa
3499:20 October
3124:26 October
2864:17 October
2138:, 05.06.10
1241:References
887:of Law at
754:Kofi Annan
656:under the
476:began the
390:John Milne
374:common law
340:in 1989.
183:for Rwanda
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3986:Biography
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606:The Hague
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267:barrister
263:cum laude
156:apartheid
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149:took silk
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2836:24 March
2799:24 March
2739:Archived
2679:The Star
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2588:Archived
2161:6 August
1387:Archived
1333:BBC News
1229:See also
1107:Lectures
995:(NIAS),
975:(2008),
797:between
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788:Gaza War
700:for the
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